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This paper examines this question using data from three fisher-hunter-gatherer sites in southern California. Using shell bead counts from burials as proxies for social" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://iastate.academia.edu/AndrewSomerville" /> <meta name="description" content="How different were the lives of elites and commoners in early complex societies? This paper examines this question using data from three fisher-hunter-gatherer sites in southern California. Using shell bead counts from burials as proxies for social" /> <title>(PDF) Diet, Status, and incipient social Inequality: Stable isotope data from three complex Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer sites in southern California | Andrew D Somerville - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/110561924/Diet_Status_and_incipient_social_Inequality_Stable_isotope_data_from_three_complex_Fisher_Hunter_Gatherer_sites_in_southern_California" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733001305000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733001305000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"How different were the lives of elites and commoners in early complex societies? This paper examines this question using data from three fisher-hunter-gatherer sites in southern California. Using shell bead counts from burials as proxies for social status and previously published human stable isotope values as indicators of dietary practices, we examine the relationship between diet and status across a period of major sociopolitical change. Our results found no significant relationships between the quantity of beads and stable isotope values, indicating that differential access to foods was not a significant way in which status was manifested in these communities. Instead, we suggest that activities including ownership of seagoing canoes, access to imported goods, and the provisioning of community feasts were likely venues for elite status signaling.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Andrew D Somerville"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-12-04","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2024-01-01","headline":"Diet, Status, and incipient social Inequality: Stable isotope data from three complex Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer sites in southern California","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Archaeology","Stable Isotope Analysis","Foodways (Anthropology)","Anthropology of Food","Paleodiet","Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology","Social Inequality","California Archaeology","Socioeconomic Status"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of Anthropological 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F110561924%2FDiet_Status_and_incipient_social_Inequality_Stable_isotope_data_from_three_complex_Fisher_Hunter_Gatherer_sites_in_southern_California%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":108341259,"identifier":"Attachment_108341259","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":110561924,"created_at":"2023-12-04T10:33:06.571-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2023-12-04T17:27:01.511-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"How different were the lives of elites and commoners in early complex societies? This paper examines this question using data from three fisher-hunter-gatherer sites in southern California. Using shell bead counts from burials as proxies for social status and previously published human stable isotope values as indicators of dietary practices, we examine the relationship between diet and status across a period of major sociopolitical change. Our results found no significant relationships between the quantity of beads and stable isotope values, indicating that differential access to foods was not a significant way in which status was manifested in these communities. Instead, we suggest that activities including ownership of seagoing canoes, access to imported goods, and the provisioning of community feasts were likely venues for elite status signaling.","publication_date":"2024,,","publication_name":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Diet, Status, and incipient social Inequality: Stable isotope data from three complex Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer sites in southern California","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [304408]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":108341259,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Diet, Status, and incipient social Inequality: Stable isotope data from three complex Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer sites in southern California”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/108341259/mini_magick20231204-1-oekaav.png?1701714944" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Diet, Status, and incipient social Inequality: Stable isotope data from three complex Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer sites in southern California</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="304408" href="https://iastate.academia.edu/AndrewSomerville"><img alt="Profile image of Andrew D Somerville" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/304408/160989/18242427/s65_andrew.somerville.jpg" />Andrew D Somerville</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2024, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">How different were the lives of elites and commoners in early complex societies? This paper examines this question using data from three fisher-hunter-gatherer sites in southern California. Using shell bead counts from burials as proxies for social status and previously published human stable isotope values as indicators of dietary practices, we examine the relationship between diet and status across a period of major sociopolitical change. Our results found no significant relationships between the quantity of beads and stable isotope values, indicating that differential access to foods was not a significant way in which status was manifested in these communities. Instead, we suggest that activities including ownership of seagoing canoes, access to imported goods, and the provisioning of community feasts were likely venues for elite status signaling.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":108341259,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110561924/Diet_Status_and_incipient_social_Inequality_Stable_isotope_data_from_three_complex_Fisher_Hunter_Gatherer_sites_in_southern_California"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":108341259,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110561924/Diet_Status_and_incipient_social_Inequality_Stable_isotope_data_from_three_complex_Fisher_Hunter_Gatherer_sites_in_southern_California"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="108341259" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/110561924/Diet_Status_and_incipient_social_Inequality_Stable_isotope_data_from_three_complex_Fisher_Hunter_Gatherer_sites_in_southern_California" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="115969533" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115969533/Dietary_Correlates_to_the_Development_of_Nasca_Social_Complexity_A_D_1_750_">Dietary Correlates to the Development of Nasca Social Complexity (A.D. 1–750)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32402447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretSchoeninger">Margaret Schoeninger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Latin American Antiquity, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study examines the relationship between agricultural intensification and social complexity in past societies using a diachronic, contextualized population, the Nasca of the southern coast of Peru (A.D. 1–750). Using stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen, we tested social assumptions arising from the relationship between agricultural intensification and social complexity during the Nasca’s cultural fluorescence, including the construction of underground filtration galleries (puquios). Our data show that while agricultural intensification may have spurred social complexity in the Nasca region, it engendered few significant differences in access to foodstuffs. High status individuals in Nasca society had access to more meat than low status individuals, especially during time periods characterized by more social conflict, increasing trade routes, and agricultural intensification. Meat consumption may have been an important marker of status identity among the Nasca. Nasca e...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dietary Correlates to the Development of Nasca Social Complexity (A.D. 1–750)","attachmentId":112229514,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115969533/Dietary_Correlates_to_the_Development_of_Nasca_Social_Complexity_A_D_1_750_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115969533/Dietary_Correlates_to_the_Development_of_Nasca_Social_Complexity_A_D_1_750_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="831560" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/831560/Coastal_hunter_gatherers_and_social_evolution_marginal_or_central">Coastal hunter-gatherers and social evolution: marginal or central?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="185182" href="https://york.academia.edu/GeoffBailey">Geoff Bailey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Before Farming [online version], 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Coastal hunter-gatherers and social evolution: marginal or central?","attachmentId":30909485,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/831560/Coastal_hunter_gatherers_and_social_evolution_marginal_or_central","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/831560/Coastal_hunter_gatherers_and_social_evolution_marginal_or_central"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14288926" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14288926/Identifying_high_status_foods_in_the_archeological_record">Identifying high-status foods in the archeological record</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24008074" href="https://miami.academia.edu/WilliamPestle">William Pestle</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14133494" href="https://si.academia.edu/LAntonioCuret">L. Antonio Curet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">More than providing simply nutritive value, food in human societies can be endowed with great social weight. Aspects of any given food system inform, and are informed by, a variety of social, economic, reli- gious, historical, ecological, cultural, and political processes. Moreover, food systems are often intention- ally designed and executed to communicate key aspects of a consumer’s identity including class or social status. The manipulation of food systems on the part of socio-political elites or high status individuals is but one example of this phenomenon, the appearance of which is a correlate of increased socio-political hierarchy. As food can come to be used by elites as a socio-political tool in stratified societies, the temp- tation to use archeologically recognizable differences in foodways as a means of understanding the origin, nature, and functioning of processes of stratification is strong. The obvious difficulty lies in developing theoretically informed methods that reckon food system differences in ways that enable scholars to identify those foods that may have been particularly imbued with social meaning. In this paper, we propose a metric for the identification of elite foods (or, indeed, socially valued foods) using the types of data typically available to archeologists. Based on these proposed criteria, we attempt to unravel the complex and politically charged food system of the stratified societies of the pre-Columbian Greater Antilles with an eye towards refining our understanding of the development and maintenance of prestige and institutionalized power therein.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identifying high-status foods in the archeological record","attachmentId":38259757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14288926/Identifying_high_status_foods_in_the_archeological_record","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14288926/Identifying_high_status_foods_in_the_archeological_record"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="462902" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/462902/Zooarchaeological_evidence_for_changing_socioeconomic_status_within_early_historic_Native_American_communities_in_Mid_Atlantic_North_America">Zooarchaeological evidence for changing socioeconomic status within early historic Native American communities in Mid-Atlantic North America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="264963" href="https://unc.academia.edu/HeatherALapham">Heather A. Lapham</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Within decades of European settlement in eastern North America, an overseas demand for leather imported from the Americas led processed deerskins to become one of the most important commodities produced for trade by Native Americans in the greater Mid-Atlantic region. The deerskin trade, which flourished in the ca. A.D. 1600s-1700s, offered Native Americans new opportunities to acquire socially-valued goods which, in turn, provided the means for certain groups to enhance their socioeconomic status by trading processed hides for nonlocal goods that would have been symbols of wealth and prestige within the native community. 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These changes suggest that certain Native American settlements chose to alter deer harvest and processing activities in order to participate in a growing intercultural trade in hides, furs, and nonlocal status goods.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zooarchaeological evidence for changing socioeconomic status within early historic Native American communities in Mid-Atlantic North America","attachmentId":52716295,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/462902/Zooarchaeological_evidence_for_changing_socioeconomic_status_within_early_historic_Native_American_communities_in_Mid_Atlantic_North_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/462902/Zooarchaeological_evidence_for_changing_socioeconomic_status_within_early_historic_Native_American_communities_in_Mid_Atlantic_North_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="3546877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3546877/Beyond_identifying_elites_Feasting_as_a_means_to_understand_early_Middle_Formative_society_on_the_Pacific_Coast_of_Mexico">Beyond identifying elites: Feasting as a means to understand early Middle Formative society on the Pacific Coast of Mexico</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4187314" href="https://albany.academia.edu/RobertRosenswig">Robert M. Rosenswig</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Beyond identifying elites: Feasting as a means to understand early Middle Formative society on the Pacific Coast of Mexico","attachmentId":31265495,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3546877/Beyond_identifying_elites_Feasting_as_a_means_to_understand_early_Middle_Formative_society_on_the_Pacific_Coast_of_Mexico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3546877/Beyond_identifying_elites_Feasting_as_a_means_to_understand_early_Middle_Formative_society_on_the_Pacific_Coast_of_Mexico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="97709510" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97709510/Correlating_Biological_Relationships_Social_Inequality_and_Population_Movement_among_Prehistoric_California_Foragers_Ancient_Human_DNA_Analysis_from_CA_SCL_38_Yukisma_Site_">Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2629998" href="https://ou.academia.edu/CaraMonroe">Cara Monroe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Author(s): Monroe, Cara | Advisor(s): Jochim, Michael A | Abstract: Reconstruction of regional North American prehistory has benefited from the incorporation of ancient DNA evidence. However, few studies focus on intra-site genetic variation, associate these relationships to mortuary assemblages, or link these variables to social ranking. The Late Period (900 BP-250 BP) in the San Francisco Bay area witnessed shifts in settlement patterns that included mortuary treatment distinct from earlier periods. The change in mortuary pattern is interpreted either as a reduction in social inequality, a shift toward corporate group identity based on kinship, or an emergence of a lesser number of differentiated elites with control over high status resources. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data was collected from 200 individuals from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Mound), hereafter referred to as SCL-38 as well as 102 additional burials from 15 other archaeological sites in the region to test for a relationship b...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site)","attachmentId":99257745,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97709510/Correlating_Biological_Relationships_Social_Inequality_and_Population_Movement_among_Prehistoric_California_Foragers_Ancient_Human_DNA_Analysis_from_CA_SCL_38_Yukisma_Site_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97709510/Correlating_Biological_Relationships_Social_Inequality_and_Population_Movement_among_Prehistoric_California_Foragers_Ancient_Human_DNA_Analysis_from_CA_SCL_38_Yukisma_Site_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="124626771" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124626771/The_role_of_farming_and_fishing_in_the_rise_of_social_complexity_in_the_Central_Andes_a_stable_isotope_perspective">The role of farming and fishing in the rise of social complexity in the Central Andes: a stable isotope perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1338625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuisPezo">Luis Pezo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific reports, 2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of farming and fishing in the rise of social complexity in the Central Andes: a stable isotope perspective","attachmentId":118818343,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124626771/The_role_of_farming_and_fishing_in_the_rise_of_social_complexity_in_the_Central_Andes_a_stable_isotope_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124626771/The_role_of_farming_and_fishing_in_the_rise_of_social_complexity_in_the_Central_Andes_a_stable_isotope_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="80416801" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80416801/Pelts_and_Provisions_Faunal_Remains_and_the_Emergence_of_Social_Inequality_in_Central_Coastal_California">Pelts and Provisions: Faunal Remains and the Emergence of Social Inequality in Central Coastal California</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="399012" href="https://sjsu.academia.edu/CharlotteSunseri">Charlotte Sunseri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pelts and Provisions: Faunal Remains and the Emergence of Social Inequality in Central Coastal California","attachmentId":86805944,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80416801/Pelts_and_Provisions_Faunal_Remains_and_the_Emergence_of_Social_Inequality_in_Central_Coastal_California","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80416801/Pelts_and_Provisions_Faunal_Remains_and_the_Emergence_of_Social_Inequality_in_Central_Coastal_California"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="30085749" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30085749/Superior_in_Life_Superior_in_Death_Dietary_Distinction_of_Central_European_Prehistoric_and_Medieval_Elites">Superior in Life — Superior in Death. Dietary Distinction of Central European Prehistoric and Medieval Elites.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="462666" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianMeyer1">Christian Meyer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Food production provoked social inequality in agricultural societies. Starting in the European late Neolithic, conspicuously equipped inhumations with elaborate grave architecture indicated representatives of local and possibly regional elites. However, burials are always shaped by a complex combination of the desires of the deceased and of the bereaved, along with ritual customs and norms. Therefore, a superior burial may not always be preceded by long-term superior life conditions. One widely accepted characteristic of social distinction is access to different, supposedly higher-quality food, which is deducible from light stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen (d13C and d15N). Four remarkable cases of high-elite individuals from the modern territory of Germany spanning from the Early Bronze Age to Medieval times exhibited d15N values that exceeded those of contemporaneous “commoner” populations significantly. This demonstrates outstanding dietary compositions, including larger shares of meat and dairy products but also possibly fish, poultry, and the meat of young animals. The results support enduringly different lifestyles and privileges for the representatives of the respective highest social class, despite very different prehistoric and historic contexts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Superior in Life — Superior in Death. Dietary Distinction of Central European Prehistoric and Medieval Elites.","attachmentId":50537910,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30085749/Superior_in_Life_Superior_in_Death_Dietary_Distinction_of_Central_European_Prehistoric_and_Medieval_Elites","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30085749/Superior_in_Life_Superior_in_Death_Dietary_Distinction_of_Central_European_Prehistoric_and_Medieval_Elites"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="5185350" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5185350/Modeling_ancient_plant_use_on_the_Northwest_Coast_towards_an_understanding_of_mobility_and_sedentism">Modeling ancient plant use on the Northwest Coast: towards an understanding of mobility and sedentism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7034906" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LyonsNatasha">Natasha Lyons</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modeling ancient plant use on the Northwest Coast: towards an understanding of mobility and sedentism","attachmentId":34306365,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5185350/Modeling_ancient_plant_use_on_the_Northwest_Coast_towards_an_understanding_of_mobility_and_sedentism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5185350/Modeling_ancient_plant_use_on_the_Northwest_Coast_towards_an_understanding_of_mobility_and_sedentism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108341259,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108341259,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_108341259" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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The Funerary Evidence","attachmentId":37961767,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13152214/On_Paleolithic_Social_Inequality_The_Funerary_Evidence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13152214/On_Paleolithic_Social_Inequality_The_Funerary_Evidence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="15276162" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15276162/C_Knipper_L_Hansen_u_a_Superior_in_Life_Superior_in_Death_Dietary_Distinction_of_Central_European_Prehistoric_and_Medieval_Elites_Current_Anthropology_56_4_2015_579_589">C. Knipper/L. Hansen u.a., Superior in Life - Superior in Death: Dietary Distinction of Central European Prehistoric and Medieval Elites. Current Anthropology 56/4, 2015, 579-589.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2599613" href="https://denkmalpflege-bw.academia.edu/LeifHansen">Leif Hansen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"C. Knipper/L. Hansen u.a., Superior in Life - Superior in Death: Dietary Distinction of Central European Prehistoric and Medieval Elites. Current Anthropology 56/4, 2015, 579-589.","attachmentId":38663896,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15276162/C_Knipper_L_Hansen_u_a_Superior_in_Life_Superior_in_Death_Dietary_Distinction_of_Central_European_Prehistoric_and_Medieval_Elites_Current_Anthropology_56_4_2015_579_589","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15276162/C_Knipper_L_Hansen_u_a_Superior_in_Life_Superior_in_Death_Dietary_Distinction_of_Central_European_Prehistoric_and_Medieval_Elites_Current_Anthropology_56_4_2015_579_589"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="9758423" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9758423/Complex_Hunter_Gatherers_in_Evolution_and_History_A_North_American_Perspective">Complex Hunter–Gatherers in Evolution and History: A North American Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23472239" href="https://florida.academia.edu/KennethSassaman">Kenneth Sassaman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Complex Hunter–Gatherers in Evolution and History: A North American 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