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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81+%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81+%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таваллуд"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Таваллуд</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Таваллуд-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Таҳсил" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таҳсил"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Таҳсил</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Таҳсил-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Оила" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Оила"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Оила</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Оила-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Фаъолияти_сиёсӣ_дар_солҳои_1774—1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фаъолияти_сиёсӣ_дар_солҳои_1774—1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Фаъолияти сиёсӣ дар солҳои 1774—1800</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Фаъолияти_сиёсӣ_дар_солҳои_1774—1800-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Фаъолияти сиёсӣ дар солҳои 1774—1800 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Фаъолияти_сиёсӣ_дар_солҳои_1774—1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Дар_сари_табадуллот" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дар_сари_табадуллот"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Дар сари табадуллот</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дар_сари_табадуллот-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Муаллифи_Эъломияи_истиқлол" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Муаллифи_Эъломияи_истиқлол"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Муаллифи Эъломияи истиқлол</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Муаллифи_Эъломияи_истиқлол-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Қонунгузори_иёлати_Вирҷиния" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Қонунгузори_иёлати_Вирҷиния"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Қонунгузори иёлати Вирҷиния</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Қонунгузори_иёлати_Вирҷиния-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Губернатори_Вирҷиния" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Губернатори_Вирҷиния"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Губернатори Вирҷиния</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Губернатори_Вирҷиния-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сафир_дар_Фаронса" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сафир_дар_Фаронса"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Сафир дар Фаронса</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сафир_дар_Фаронса-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Котиби_давлатӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Котиби_давлатӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Котиби давлатӣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Котиби_давлатӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1796_ва_фаъолият_дар_вазифаи_ноиби_президент" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1796_ва_фаъолият_дар_вазифаи_ноиби_президент"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Интихоботи президентии соли 1796 ва фаъолият дар вазифаи ноиби президент</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1796_ва_фаъолият_дар_вазифаи_ноиби_президент-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Интихоботи президентии соли 1800</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Президентӣ_(1801—1809)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Президентӣ_(1801—1809)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Президентӣ (1801—1809)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Президентӣ_(1801—1809)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Марг" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Марг"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Марг</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Марг-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хотира" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хотира"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Хотира</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хотира-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Кино" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кино"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Кино</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кино-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эзоҳ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эзоҳ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Эзоҳ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эзоҳ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Адабиёт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адабиёт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Адабиёт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адабиёт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Пайвандҳо" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Пайвандҳо"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Пайвандҳо</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Пайвандҳо-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Томас Ҷефферсон</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 156 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B6%E1%88%9B%E1%88%B5_%E1%8C%84%E1%8D%88%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ቶማስ ጄፈርሰን – амҳарӣ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቶማስ ጄፈርሰን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амҳарӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="توماس جفرسون – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس جفرسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%8A%DA%A4%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="طوماس دجيڤرسون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طوماس دجيڤرسون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="توماس جيفيرسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس جيفيرسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="थोमस जेफर्सन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="थोमस जेफर्सन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Cefferson" title="Tomas Cefferson – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tomas Cefferson" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="توماس جفرسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توماس جفرسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – балинӣ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuoms_D%C5%BEefersons" title="Tuoms Džefersons – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tuoms Džefersons" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Джэферсан – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Томас Джэферсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Джэфэрсан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Томас Джэфэрсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Томас Джеферсън – булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Джеферсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="টমাস জেফারসন – бинғолӣ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টমাস জেফারসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бинғолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – бретонӣ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%DB%8E%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86" title="تۆماس جێفەرسۆن – курдии марказӣ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆماس جێفەرسۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="курдии марказӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – корсиканӣ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Cefferson" title="Tomas Cefferson – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tomas Cefferson" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Джефферсон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Томас Джефферсон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – валлӣ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AF%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%96%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ތޯމަސް ޖެފަރސަން – дивеҳӣ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތޯމަސް ޖެފަރސަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивеҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Τόμας Τζέφερσον – юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Τζέφερσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="توماس جفرسون – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس جفرسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои хушсифат"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – фарерӣ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – фризии ғарбӣ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="фризии ғарбӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – ирландӣ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – шотландии гэлӣ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландии гэлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – гуаранӣ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – ҳауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ҳауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%92%27%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="תומאס ג'פרסון – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס ג'פרסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="थॉमस जेफ़र्सन – ҳиндӣ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थॉमस जेफ़र्सन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ҳиндӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – сербии болоӣ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="сербии болоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – гаитии креолӣ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитии креолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Թոմաս Ջեֆերսոն – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Ջեֆերսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%83%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A8%D5%B6" title="Թոմաս Ճեֆըրսըն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թոմաս Ճեֆըրսըն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Байни забонӣ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Байни забонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="トーマス・ジェファーソン – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トーマス・ジェファーソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Ҷаванизӣ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ҷаванизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტომას ჯეფერსონი – гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტომას ჯეფერსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Джефферсон – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Томас Джефферсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಥಾಮಸ್ ಜೆಫರ್ಸನ್ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥಾಮಸ್ ಜೆಫರ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%ED%8D%BC%EC%8A%A8" title="토머스 제퍼슨 – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토머스 제퍼슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – курдӣ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Жефферсон – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Томас Жефферсон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jeffersonius" title="Thomas Jeffersonius – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Jeffersonius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – люксембургӣ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomass_D%C5%BEefersons" title="Tomass Džefersons – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomass Džefersons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="थोमस जेफर्सन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="थोमस जेफर्सन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – малагасӣ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Џеферсон – мақдунӣ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Томас Џеферсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мақдунӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="തോമസ് ജെഫേഴ്സൺ – малаяламӣ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോമസ് ജെഫേഴ്സൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Жефферсон – муғулӣ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Томас Жефферсон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="муғулӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="थॉमस जेफरसन – маратҳӣ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थॉमस जेफरसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="သောမတ်စ် ဂျက်ဖာဆင် – бирманӣ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သောမတ်စ် ဂျက်ဖာဆင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="توماس جفرسون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="توماس جفرسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="थोमस जेफर्सन – непалӣ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="थोमस जेफर्सन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="थोमस जेफरसन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थोमस जेफरसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – окситанӣ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Джефферсон, Томас – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джефферсон, Томас" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਥਾਮਸ ਜੈਫ਼ਰਸਨ – панҷобӣ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਾਮਸ ਜੈਫ਼ਰਸਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панҷобӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86" title="تھامس جیفرسن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھامس جیفرسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="توماس جفرسون – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توماس جفرسون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Джефферсон, Томас – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джефферсон, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – киняруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киняруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="थामस् जेफरसन् – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थामस् जेफरसन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Джефферсон – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Томас Джефферсон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="තෝමස් ජෙෆර්සන් – сингалӣ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තෝමස් ජෙෆර්සන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – албанӣ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Џеферсон – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томас Џеферсон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang-ma-s.cye-bu-sun" title="Tang-ma-s.cye-bu-sun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Tang-ma-s.cye-bu-sun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தாமசு ஜெஃபர்சன் – тамилӣ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாமசு ஜெஃபர்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="థామస్ జెఫర్సన్ – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="థామస్ జెఫర్సన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ทอมัส เจฟเฟอร์สัน – тайӣ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอมัส เจฟเฟอร์สัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Jeferson" title="Tomas Jeferson – туркманӣ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tomas Jeferson" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_%C4%8Cefferson" title="Tomas Čefferson – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tomas Čefferson" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Джефферсон – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Томас Джефферсон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Джефферсон – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Джефферсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86" title="تھامس جیفرسن – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھامس جیفرسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Thomas Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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<li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" hreflang="en"><span>Викианбор</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" hreflang="en"><span>Викинамуд</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11812" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элементи Викидода</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox-8f3b2771d68f4e95" style="" data-name="Ходими давлатӣ"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above" style=""><center>Томас Ҷефферсон</center></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P1559" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Забони англисӣ">англ.</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic;">Thomas Jefferson</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P18" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Портрети Томас Ҷефферсон, ҳангоми сафараш дар Лондон, аз тарафи рассом Мэзер Браун"><img alt="Портрети Томас Ҷефферсон, ҳангоми сафараш дар Лондон, аз тарафи рассом Мэзер Браун" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/274px-Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/411px-Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/548px-Mather_Brown_-_Thomas_Jefferson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7707" data-file-height="9840" /></a></span><br /><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P2096" class="media-caption" style="display:block"><small>Портрети Томас Ҷефферсон, ҳангоми сафараш дар Лондон, аз тарафи рассом <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мэзер Браун (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Мэзер Браун</a></small></span></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P94" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg/240px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Thomas_Jefferson.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nomobile plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1371143">.mw-parser-output .ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header .image-left{width:22px;margin-right:0.5em;flex:none}.mw-parser-output .ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header .label{flex:auto;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header .image-right{width:22px;margin-left:0.5em;flex:none}</style> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div> <div class="label">3-умин <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Президенти ИМА">президенти ИМА</a> </div> <div class="image-right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1795-1818).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">4 марти соли 1801</span> — <span class="nowrap">4 марти соли 1809</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ноиби президент</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аарон Бёрр (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Аарон Бёрр</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷорҷ Клинтон (сиёсатмадор) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷорҷ Клинтон</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Мэдисон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Мэдисон</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1371143"> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></div> <div class="label">2-умин <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ноиби президенти ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ноиби президенти ИМА</a> </div> <div class="image-right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/22px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/33px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/44px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">4 марти соли 1797</span> — <span class="nowrap">4 марти соли 1801</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Президент</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аарон Бёрр (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Аарон Бёрр</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1371143"> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg/33px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg/44px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="label">1-умин <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Котиби давлатии ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Котиби давлатии ИМА</a> </div> <div class="image-right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/22px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/33px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/44px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">22 марти соли 1790</span> — <span class="nowrap">31 декабри соли 1793</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Президент</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷор Вашингтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷор Вашингтон</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> вазифа таъйин шуд<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷон Ҷей (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷон Ҷей</a> (чун вазири корҳои хориҷаи ИМА)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдмунд Рэндолф (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эдмунд Рэндолф</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1371143"> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/22px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/33px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png/44px-Us_flag_large_Betsy_Ross.png 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="label"> <span class="iw" data-title="Сафири ИМА дар Фаронса"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сафири ИМА дар Фаронса (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Сафири ИМА дар Фаронса</a><sup class="noprint"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Minister_to_France" class="extiw" title="en:United States Minister to France"><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;" title="United States Minister to France — нусхаи мақолаҳо «Сафири ИМА дар Фаронса» дар забони англисӣ">[en]</span></a></sup></span> </div> <div class="image-right"></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">17 майи соли 1785</span> — <span class="nowrap">26 сентябри соли 1789</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Президент</th> <td class="plainlist"> <i>нест</i> (1785—1789)<br /><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷорҷ Вашингтон">Ҷорҷ Вашингтон</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенҷамин Франклин">Бенҷамин Франклин</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span class="iw" data-title="Уилям Шорт"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уилям Шорт (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Уилям Шорт</a><sup class="noprint"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Short_(American_ambassador)" class="extiw" title="en:William Short (American ambassador)"><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;" title="William Short (American ambassador) — нусхаи мақолаҳо «Уилям Шорт» дар английском языке">[en]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1371143"> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1777%E2%80%931795).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="label"> Делегати <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Конгреси Дуюми Қитъавӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Конгресси Конфедератсия</a> аз иёлати <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">Вирҷиния</a> </div> <div class="image-right"></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">3 ноябри соли 1783</span> — <span class="nowrap">7 майи соли 1784</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Мэдисон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Мэдисон</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D3%A3_%D0%9B%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ричард Ҳенрӣ Лӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ричард Ҳенрӣ Лӣ</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1371143"> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Seal_of_Virginia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_Virginia.svg/22px-Seal_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_Virginia.svg/33px-Seal_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_Virginia.svg/44px-Seal_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="label">2-умин губернатори <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">Вирҷиния</a> </div> <div class="image-right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1777%E2%80%931795).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">1 июни соли 1779</span> — <span class="nowrap">3 июни соли 1781</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Патрик Ҳенрӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Патрик Ҳенрӣ</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span class="iw" data-title="Уилям Фоеминг"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уилям Фоеминг (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Уилям Флеминг</a><sup class="noprint"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fleming_(governor)" class="extiw" title="en:William Fleming (governor)"><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;" title="William Fleming (governor) — нусхаи мақолаҳо «Уилям Фоеминг» дар английском языке">[en]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1371143"> <div class="ts-Ходими_давлатӣ-Вазифа-header"> <div class="image-left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1777%E2%80%931795).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="парчам"><img alt="парчам" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="label"> Делегати <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Конгресси Дуюми Қитъавӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Конгресси Дуюми Қитъавӣ</a> аз иёлати <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">Вирҷиния</a> </div> <div class="image-right"></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="nowrap">20 июни соли 1775</span> — <span class="nowrap">26 сентябри соли 1776</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Пешгузашта</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷорҷ Вашингтон">Ҷорҷ Вашингтон</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷонишин</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span class="iw" data-title="Ҷон Харвӣ"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷон Харвӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷон Харви</a><sup class="noprint"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harvie" class="extiw" title="en:John Harvie"><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;" title="John Harvie — нусхаи мақолаҳо «Ҷон Харвӣ» дар английском языке">[en]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nomobile plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Таваллуд</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$BC1459DE-0978-40D5-8802-CEAE917B85C6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P569"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><abbr title="мутобиқи тақвими юлианӣ">2</abbr> <a href="/wiki/13_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="13 апрел">(13) апрел</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1743" title="Соли 1743">1743</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_de533ef8e97fec1e_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_de533ef8e97fec1e-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /><ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q11812$8d16d72c-4c20-aead-b237-4a3fc80ffdbd" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P19"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q4179352&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Шадвелл</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4179352" class="extiw" title="d:Q4179352">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-hash="dc2d10476466775dbafb1188725b015db6d43ddf" class="wikidata-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colony+of+Virginia&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q1070529&preloadparams%5B%5D=Colony+of+Virginia&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Colony of Virginia</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070529" class="extiw" title="d:Q1070529">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-hash="96e598970f2a709a13bb361fae2928fb30eb916d" class="wikidata-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Подшоҳии Бритониёи Кабир">Подшоҳии Бритониёи Кабир</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_e591e52806aeffc2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_e591e52806aeffc2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Даргузашт</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q11812$C18F251E-A3EA-4022-B3E4-58163F042821" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P570"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/4_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB" title="4 июл">4 июл</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1826" title="Соли 1826">1826</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1826-07-04</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_de533ef8e97fec1e_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_de533ef8e97fec1e-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_b14c0eca16bdf3cf_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b14c0eca16bdf3cf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_a857f5df2a00d1b4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_a857f5df2a00d1b4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11812#P570" class="extiw" title="d:Q11812">[…]</a></sup> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(83 сол)</span></span><br /><ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q11812$92ee63e4-4768-006a-376b-d5c937d36d3c" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P20"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monticello&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q199618&preloadparams%5B%5D=Monticello&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Monticello</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199618" class="extiw" title="d:Q199618">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q488653&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Албемарл</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488653" class="extiw" title="d:Q488653">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">Вирҷиния</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_e591e52806aeffc2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_e591e52806aeffc2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Мадфан</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P119" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монтичелло (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Монтичелло</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Падар</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P22" class="no-wikidata">Питер Ҷефферсон (1708—1757)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Модар</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P25" class="no-wikidata">Ҷейн Рэндолф Ҷефферсон (1721—1776)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҳамсар</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P26" class="no-wikidata">Марта Уэйлс Скелтон Ҷефферсон</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Фарзандон</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P40" class="no-wikidata"><span class="nowrap">Марта Ҷефферсон Рэндолф,</span><br />Дуйн Рэндолф,<br />Мэри Уэйлс,<br /><span class="nowrap">Люси Элизабет (1780—1781),</span><br />Люси Элизабет (1782—1785)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҳизб</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P102" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%A3-%D2%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳизби демократӣ-ҷумҳурихоҳи ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳизби демократии ҷумҳурихоҳ</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Таҳсилот</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$695BF900-A815-4F1F-9CC9-462B41C6398A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=College+of+William+%26+Mary&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q875637&preloadparams%5B%5D=College+of+William+%26+Mary&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">College of William & Mary</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875637" class="extiw" title="d:Q875637">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Фаъолият</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$d684140e-8ff1-4416-9ea8-652f1e29dac8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Кишоварзӣ">аграрӣ</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$02343bbb-3738-43db-9205-3d4fbb5d4cdb" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%9B%D1%83%D2%9B" title="Ҳуқуқ">ҳуқуқ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$08e85987-212b-46b7-8688-878bbc531b49" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Фалсафа">фалсафа</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$63654ba8-0d8d-4b86-a6e5-a39876db3293" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Диплумосӣ">диплумосӣ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ва <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$a03199da-705d-47d6-8d9a-e6af41540aa6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Меъморӣ">меъморӣ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Эътиқод</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$868A0313-27B0-4F7B-BC66-86C713803FF1" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P140"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Додорбоварӣ">Додорбоварӣ</a></span></span> ва <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$3d4970ae-4cda-717b-eac6-a13d2e141992" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P140"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anglicanism&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q6423963&preloadparams%5B%5D=Anglicanism&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Anglicanism</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423963" class="extiw" title="d:Q6423963">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Соядаст</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$90CF63C3-3664-468F-879B-E3363A9D2DDF" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P109"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg/150px-Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg/225px-Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg/300px-Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="154" /></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Ҷоизаҳо</th> <td class="plainlist"> <div style="text-align:justify"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q11812$5255E692-B3F2-4034-B2CE-681484EC85E0"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fellow+of+the+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q52382875&preloadparams%5B%5D=Fellow+of+the+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52382875" class="extiw" title="d:Q52382875">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1787" title="Соли 1787">1787</a></span>)</p></span></span></div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Мансубият</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Англиканӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">англиканӣ</a> (ҳангоми таваллуд) / бе номгӯи</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style=";"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q11812$6B792C98-A177-4AA7-8EC0-56623DB7229B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_Jefferson" title="commons:Category:Thomas Jefferson"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_Jefferson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thomas Jefferson">Парвандаҳо дар Викианбор</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style=";"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Thomas_Jefferson" title="Логотипи Викитека"><img alt="Логотипи Викитека" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Thomas_Jefferson" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:Thomas Jefferson">Осор</a></b> дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Викитека">Викитека</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Томас Ҷефферсон</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Забони англисӣ">англ.</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic;">Thomas Jefferson</span>; тав. <a href="/wiki/13_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="13 апрел">13 апрели</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1743" title="Соли 1743">1743</a>, Шедуэл, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вирҷиния (мустамлика) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">мустамлика Вирҷиния</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%B3_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сенздаҳ мустамлика (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Сенздаҳ мустамлика</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Империяи Британия (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Империяи Британия</a> — <a href="/wiki/4_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB" title="4 июл">4 июли</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1826" title="Соли 1826">1826</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шарлотсвилл (Вирҷиния) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Шарлотсвилл</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">иёлати Вирҷиния</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">ИМА</a>) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Омӯзгор">омӯзгор</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Адвокат">адвокат</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нависанда">нависанда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Дипломат">дипломат</a>, сиёсатмадор, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84" title="Файласуф">файласуф</a>, ихтироъкор, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7" title="Кишоварз">кишоварз</a> 3-юмин <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Президенти Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">Президенти ИМА</a> (1801–1809), муаллифи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эъломияи Истиқлоли ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эъломияи Истиқлолият</a> дар соли (1776). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хидмати_давлатӣ"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.82.D3.A3"></span>Хидмати давлатӣ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Хидмати давлатӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Хидмати давлатӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg/300px-Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg/450px-Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg/600px-Mount_Rushmore_Closeup_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3192" data-file-height="2221" /></a><figcaption>Муҷассамаи президентон <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷорҷ Вашингтон">Ҷорҷ Вашингтон</a>, Томас Ҷефферсон, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Теодор Рузвелт">Теодор Рузвелт</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Абраҳам Линколн">Абраҳам Линколн</a> дар Маҷмаамаи миллии кӯҳи Рашмор</figcaption></figure> <p>Ҷефферсон роҳбари кумита оид ба эҷоди <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эъломияи истиқлоли ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эъломияи истиқлоли ИМА</a> буд. Ғайри ӯ дар кумита чор нафари дигар фаъолият мекарданд: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷон Адамс (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷон Адамс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенҷамин Франклин">Бенҷамин Франклин</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роҷер Шерман (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Роҷер Шерман</a> ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Р. Ливингстон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Роберт Р. Ливингстон</a>. Дар яке аз вохӯриҳои кумита ин 4 нафар якдилона аз Ҷефферсон хоҳиш намуданд, ки ӯ худаш эъломияро бинависад. Китобхонаи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Конгресси Амрико">Конгресси ИМА</a> дар асоси коллексияи ӯ сохта шуд. Ҷефферсон бунёдгузори донишгоҳи Вирҷиния (University of Virginia) ва таҳиякунандаи барномаи аввалини ин донишгоҳ аст. Ҷефферсон губернатори иёлоти Вирҷиния (1779—1781), якум котиби давлати ИМА (1789—1795), дуюмин ноиби президент (1797—1801) ва сеюмин президенти ИМА (1801—1809) буд. Ҷефферсон ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мартин Ван Бюрен (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Мартин Ван Бюрен</a> — ягона сиёсатмадорҳои амрикоие мебошанд, ки бо тартиб ба вазифаҳои котиби давлатӣ, ноиби президент ва президентӣ расидаанд. Ӯ олими ҳаматарафа буд. Ба монанди <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Агроном">агроном</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Меъмор">меъмор</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Бостоншинос">бостоншинос</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Палеонтолог (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">палеонтолог</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ихтироъкор (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ихтироъкор</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Коллексионер (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">коллексионер</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нависанда">нависанда</a>. Ҳамчун <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Меъмор">меъмор</a>, Ҷефферсон ғайри биноҳо боз Капитолияи иёлоти Вирҷиния, донишгоҳи Вирҷиния ва ҳавли худро дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монтичелло (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Монтичелло</a> лоиҳасозӣ кардааст. Ҷефферсон чун як созандаи асосии доктринаи ҷудо кардани калисо аз давлат машҳур аст. Ҳангоми президентӣ, дар вақтҳои холигӣ Ҷефферсон Аҳди Ҷадидро бо варианти худаш манҳула карда, гӯё ки «Инҷили Ҷефферсон»-ро навишт. Чӣ тавре, ки Ҷефферсон худаш дар нома ба <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a> менависад: «Он, чизе ки ба ман даст дод, — ин олитарин ва судмандтарин кодекси ахлоқ аст, ки замоне пешниҳоди башар шудааст». Соли 1904 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Конгресси Амрико">Конгресси ИМА</a> қарор қабул кард, ки ин заҳмат дар шакли чопи сангӣ нашр шавад. То миёнаи солҳои 1950 ин китоб ба ҳар як аъзои нави <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Конгресси Амрико">Конгресс</a> тақдим мешуд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таваллуд"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.D1.83.D0.B4"></span>Таваллуд</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Таваллуд" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Таваллуд"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Томас Ҷефферсон 13-уми апрели соли <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1743" title="Соли 1743">1743</a> дар колонияи Вирҷиния дар хонаводаи наздик ба ашхоси барҷастаи Вирҷиния таваллуд шудааст. Вай сеюмин фарзанд аз ҳашт фарзанди хонавода буд. Падари ӯ Питер Ҷефферсон, нажодаш уэлсӣ, як кишоварз ва бозрасии кишоварзи <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhtml:file://D:/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Албемарл (округ, Виргиния) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">графии Албемарл</a> буд. Модари Ҷефферсон, Ҷейн Рэндолф духтари Ишем Рэндолф (нохудои киштӣ ва кишоварз) буд. </p><p>Замоне, ки полковник Вилям Рэндолф, дӯсти деринаи Питер Ҷефферсон, соли 1745 вафот кард, падари Томас вазъияти нигаҳдорӣ аз мазраъи Таккаҳо, амлоки Вилям ва писари хурдсоли вай Томас Менн Рэндолфро ба даст гирифт. Ҳамон сол хонаводаи Ҷефферсон ба Таккаҳо кӯч бастанд ва ба муддати 7 сол дар он ҷо монданд, то замоне, ки ба хонаи худ дар Албемарл бозгаштанд то дар он ҷо Питер ба мақоми баланде даст ёбад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таҳсил"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.B3.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BB"></span>Таҳсил</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Таҳсил" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Таҳсил"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар соли 1752 Ҷефферсон ба мактаби маҳаллие, ки тавассути Вилям Дуглас идора мешуд рафт. Вай дар синни нӯҳсолагӣ шурӯъ ба хондани <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Фаронсавӣ">забонҳои фаронсавӣ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="Лотинӣ">лотинӣ</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Юнон">юнонӣ</a> кард. Дар соли 1757 замоне, ки чаҳордаҳ сол дошт падараш даргузашт ва ба вай қариб 5000 акр замин ва теъдоди бисёри ғулом мерос расид. Ӯ хонаи худро дар он ҷо бино кард, ки баъдҳо бо номи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монтичелло (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Монтичелло</a> шинохта шуд. </p><p>Баъд аз марги падараш ӯ солҳои 1758—1760 дар мадрасаи рӯҳонӣ Ҷеймс Морӣ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Maury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Maury (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">James Maury</a>) ба таҳсил пардохт. Ин мадраса дар наздикии <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гордонсвилл (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Гордонсвилл</a>,19 км дуртар аз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шэдуэлл (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Шэдуэлл</a> (ҷои ба воя расидаи Ҷефферсон), ҷойгир буд. Аз ин сабаб Томас дар оилаи Морӣ зиндагӣ мекард. Он ҷо Томас бо омӯхтани таҳсилоти классикӣ аз таърих ва улум низ бархӯрдор шуд. </p><p>Дар соли 1760 вай дар 16-солагӣ вориди коллеҷи Вилҳелм ва Мария шуд ва дар он ҷо ба таҳсили риштаи <a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%9B%D1%83%D2%9B" title="Ҳуқуқ">ҳуқуқ</a> зери назари устод Ҷорҷ Вит пардохт ва сипас бо болотарин ифтихорот аз он ҷо фароғ-ут-таҳсил шуд. Дар донишгоҳи он ҷо дар донишкадаи фалсафа номнависӣ кард ва дар зери назари устоди худ Вилям Смолл ба мутолиаи риёзиёт, метафизика ва фалсафа пардохт. Вилям Смолл Томаси муштоқро бо навиштаҳои олим-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эмпиристон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">эмпиристони</a> бритониёӣ ба монанди <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷон Локк (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷон Локк</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Исаак Нютон">Исаак Нютон</a> ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Френсис Бэкон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Френсис Бэкон</a> ошно кард, ки Томас Ҷефферсон онҳоро «се тан бузургтарин мардоне, ки таърих замоне дидааст» хонд. Вай ҳамчунин ба навохтани ғижжак ва хондани <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhtml:file://D:/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Публий Корнелий Тацит (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Тасит</a> ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳомер</a> рӯй овард. Ӯ дар соли 1762 бо олитарин баҳо донишкадаро хатм кард. Дар соли 1767 ба ҳайати вакили Вирҷиния пайваст. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Оила"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0"></span>Оила</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Оила" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Оила"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1972" title="Соли 1972">соли 1772</a> Ҷефферсон бо бевазани 23-сола Марта Вейлс Скелтон издивоҷ кард. Онҳо соҳиби шаш фарзанд шуданд: Марта Ҷефферсон Рэндолф (1772—1836), Ҷейн Рэндолф (1774—1775), писаре, ки баъди таваллуд фавтид (1777), Мери Вейлс (1778—1804), Люси Элизабет (1780—1781) ва Элизабет (1782—1785). Марта Ҷефферсон 6 сентябри соли 1782 дунёро падруд гуфт. Баъди марги ҳамсараш Ҷефферсон дигар издивоҷ накард. Вале, аниқ аст, ки Ҷефферсон аз ғуломи худ Салли Ҳемингс фарзанддор шуда буд.  </p><p>Замони сафирӣ дар Фаронса, Ҷефферсони занмурда дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Порис">Париж</a> бо зани донишманди онвақта — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мария Косвей (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Мария Косвей</a> шинос шуд. Миёни онҳо муносибати наздики дӯстона ба амал омад. Ҷефферсон ва Косвей ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">ИМА</a> баргаштанд ва китобаткуниашонро то охири умр якҷо идома доданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Фаъолияти_сиёсӣ_дар_солҳои_1774—1800"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B0.D1.8A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.81.D3.A3_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BB.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_1774.E2.80.941800"></span>Фаъолияти сиёсӣ дар солҳои 1774—1800</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Вироиши қисмат: Фаъолияти сиёсӣ дар солҳои 1774—1800" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Фаъолияти сиёсӣ дар солҳои 1774—1800"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/400px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/600px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/800px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption><small>Муаррифии лоиҳаи Эъломия ба Кумитаи панҷ Конгресс. Наққошии машҳури Ҷона Трамбулл</small></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Дар_сари_табадуллот"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.81.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.82"></span>Дар сари табадуллот</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Вироиши қисмат: Дар сари табадуллот" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Дар сари табадуллот"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Замони фаъолият чун адвокат, Ҷефферсон <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1769" title="Соли 1769">соли 1769</a> намояндаи палатаи Вирҷиния аз Элбермарли графӣ интихоб шуд. Баъди қабули <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Порлумони Британияи кабир (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">парлумони Британияи Кабир</a> дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1774" title="Соли 1774">соли 1774</a> (бо ибораи дигар Қарорҳои Расмии Таҳаммулнопазир, ки маҳдудияти худидоракунии колонияҳо ва ҳуқуқи имтиёзи чойро дар бар мегирифт), Ҷефферсон мақолаҳои бешумор ва қарори зидди онҳо навишт, ки дар китоби «Шарҳи умумии ҳуқуқ дар Амрикои Британӣ» (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Англиси">англ.</a> <i>A Summary View of the Rights of British America</i>) ҷамъоварӣ шудаанд, ки ин аввалин кори ба нашррасидаи Ҷефферсон аст. Китоб хусусан тасдиқ кард, ки муҳоҷирини амрикоӣ бучуну чаро ҳуқуқи идоракунии худро доранд ва парлумони англис танҳо дар ҳудуди <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Британияи Кабир">Британияи кабир</a> ҳуқуқи ҳокимиятро дорад, на дар колонияҳои онҳо. Пас аз даъвати континентиалии аввалини конгресс кори Ҷефферсон барномае шуд, ки вакилони Вирҷинияро ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Конгресси Амрико">Конгресс</a> муаррифӣ кард, мутаассифона бениҳоят радикалӣ пазируфта шуд. Ба ҳар ҳол, памфлет асосҳои назариявӣ дошт, ки барои эълони истиқлоли қонунӣ асос гузошт, ба Ҷефферсон бошад ҳамчун як ватандӯст ва сиёсатмадори солимфикр шуҳрат овард. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Муаллифи_Эъломияи_истиқлол"><span id=".D0.9C.D1.83.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8_.D0.AD.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D2.9B.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.BB"></span>Муаллифи Эъломияи истиқлол</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Вироиши қисмат: Муаллифи Эъломияи истиқлол" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Муаллифи Эъломияи истиқлол"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дере нагузашта баъди оғози <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷанги Амрико барои истиқлол (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ҷанги Амрико барои истиқлол</a> дар рӯзҳои аввали июни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1775" title="Соли 1775">соли 1775</a> Ҷефферсон дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Конгресси континенталии дуюм (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">конгресси континенталии дуюм</a>, ки дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филаделфия">Филаделфия</a> гузашт, вакил интихоб шуд. </p><p>Вақте бори охир дар июни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1776" title="Соли 1776">соли 1776</a> қарордодии эълони истиқлол дида шуд, ҳал карда шуд, ки кумита барои омодасозии эъломияи пешбаранда таъсис дода шавад. </p><p>Ҷефферсон роҳбари кумита интихоб гардид, ғайри ӯ дар кумита чор нафари дигар буд: <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенҷамин Франклин">Бенҷамин Франклин</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роҷер Шерман (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Роҷер Шерман</a> ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Р. Ливингстон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Роберт Р. Ливингстон</a>. Дар яке аз вохӯриҳои кумита ин 4 нафар якдилона аз Ҷефферсон хоҳиш намуданд, ки нусхаи аввалини эъломияро ӯ худаш бинависад, ба хотири он ки Ҷефферсон ҳамчун нависанда шинохта шуда буд. </p><p>Ғайр аз Ҷефферсон, ҳеч кадоме аз аъзоёни кумита инро муҳим намеҳисобиданд. Дар хонаи хиштбарории граафӣ Ҷефферсон, бо тавсияи аъзоёни кумита, нусхаи аввалини эъломияро навишт, ғайр аз лоиҳаи аҳолӣ ва лоиҳаи шахсӣ, ҳамчун намуна ӯ аз навиштаҳои <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷорҷ Мейсон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷорҷ Мейсон</a> эъломияи вирҷиниягии ҳуқуқи инсон, ки аз тарафи амалдорони давлатӣ ирсол шуда буд, истифода мебурд. </p><p>Баъди иловаи якчанд тағйирот аз тарафи кумита лоиҳа <a href="/w/index.php?title=28_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1776&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28 июни соли 1776 (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">28 июни соли 1776</a> ба Конгресс пешниҳод шуд. 2 июл Конгресс барои истиқлол раъй дода, эъломияро тафтиш кард. Баъди музокираи дурӯза аз Эъломия қариб ҳамаи матни қисми чорум, инчунин масъалаи танқидоти ғуломдорӣ ва ғуломфурӯшӣ, ки хусусан нафрати худи Ҷефферсонро (новобаста аз он ки ӯ дар заминҳои кишварзии худ аз заҳмати бардаҳо истифода мебурд) оварда буд, ҳазф карда шуд. Бо вуҷуди он, варианти ҳосилшуда аз тарафи Конгресс <a href="/w/index.php?title=4_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1776&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4 июли соли 1776 (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">4 июли соли 1776</a> тасдиқ шуд. </p><p>Аз он вақт <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhtml:file://D:/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4 июля (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">4 июл</a> ҳамчун ҷашни асосии ИМА – <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Рӯзи истиқлол">Рӯзи истиқлол</a> ҷашн гирифта мешавад, муқаддимаи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эъломияи истиқлоли ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эъломия</a> бошад, маъруфтарин матн дар бораи инсоният, ки ба Ҷефферсон шуҳрати азим овардааст. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Қонунгузори_иёлати_Вирҷиния"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B3.D1.83.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D1.91.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.92.D0.B8.D1.80.D2.B7.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Қонунгузори иёлати <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">Вирҷиния</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Вироиши қисмат: Қонунгузори иёлати Вирҷиния" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Қонунгузори иёлати Вирҷиния"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Сентябри соли 1776 ба Вирҷиния баргашта, Ҷефферсон вакили палатаи созандаи <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирҷиния">Вирҷиния</a> интихоб шуд. Ӯ тартиботи қонунҳоро ислоҳот ва таҷдид карда, ба стандарти кишвари демократӣ мувофиқ намуд. Дар тӯли се сол ӯ 126 лоиҳаи қонун, аз ҷумла дар бораи озодии эътиқодоти динӣ ва тартиботи системаи судӣ таълиф кард. Илова бар ин <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1778" title="Соли 1778">соли 1778</a> бо ташаббуси Ҷефферсон қонун дар бораи манъи овардани <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғулом">ғуломони</a> нав ба Вирҷиния қабул шуд. Худи ҳамон сол лоиҳаи қонуни Ҷефферсон «Қонун барои вусъат ва густариши дониш» ба силсилаи ислоҳот дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Донишгоҳи Вирҷиния">донишгоҳи</a> хеш ва хусусан дар ҷорӣ намудани нахустин системаи таҳсили интихобӣ овард. Боз Ҷефферсон лоиҳаи қонун дар бораи барҳам додани <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳукми қатл (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ҳукми қатл</a> барои ҳама ҷиноят, ба ғайр аз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Куштор (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">куштор</a> ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хиёнат ба Ватан (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">хиёнат ба Ватанро</a> пешниҳод кард, аммо бо афзалияти як овоз ин лоиҳа рад карда шуд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Губернатори_Вирҷиния"><span id=".D0.93.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.92.D0.B8.D1.80.D2.B7.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Губернатори Вирҷиния</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Вироиши қисмат: Губернатори Вирҷиния" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Губернатори Вирҷиния"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1779" title="Соли 1779">Соли 1779</a> Ҷефферсон <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Губернатор">губернатори</a> иёлати Вирҷиния интихоб шуд. Соли 1780 бо ташаббуси ӯ барои наздик шудани пойтахт ба маркази иёлат пойтахт аз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вилямсбург (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Вилямсбург</a> ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ричмонд">Ричмонд</a> кӯчонда шуд. Ҷефферсон ислоҳотро дар коллеҷи Вилям ва Мэрӣ идома медод, ки ташаббуси навбатиаш ҷорӣ шудани аввалин кодекси шаъни донишҷӯ дар кишвар буд. Бо дархости Ҷефферсон соли 1779 Ҷорҷ Вит - устоди Ҷефферсонро коллеҷ ба вазифаи профессори соҳаи ҳуқуқ даъват кард, ки аввалин миёни донишгоҳҳои кишвар буд. Вале норизогии суръати ислоҳот боис гашт, ки сонитар Ҷефферсон асосгузори Донишгоҳи Вирҷиния гардад, ҷое ки таҳсилоти олӣ бори аввал аз таҳсилоти динӣ ҷудо шуда буд. </p><p>Ҳангоми губернатори Вирҷиния будан, ду маротиба дучори ҳуҷуми артиши <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Британияи Кабир">британӣ</a> гардид. Июни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1781" title="Соли 1781">соли 1781</a> Ҷефферсон, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Патрик Ҳенрӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Патрик Ҳенрӣ</a> ва дигар роҳбарони иёлот аз тарафи колоннаи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кавалерӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">кавалерӣ</a> таҳти роҳбарии <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бонастр Терлтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Бонастр Терлтон</a> муҳосира карда шуданд ва онҳо тавонистанд бо душвории зиёд фирор намоянд. Ҷефферсон таъҷилан ба истеъфо рафт. Ҷамъият аз суръати пасти ваъдаҳои пешазинтихоботии ӯ норозигӣ мекарданд ва Томас Ҷефферсон дигар дар ягон вазифаи давлатии Вирҷиния интихоб нашуд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Сафир_дар_Фаронса"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.80_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.A4.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B0"></span>Сафир дар Фаронса</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Вироиши қисмат: Сафир дар Фаронса" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Сафир дар Фаронса"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар солҳои <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1785" title="Соли 1785">1785</a>—<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1789" title="Соли 1789">1789</a> Ҷефферсон ба вазифаи сафирӣ дар Фаронса машғул буд, ки фаъолона ба шӯришгарони амрикоӣ ёрӣ мерасонд. Ҷои зисташ бошад, дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Майдони Елисей (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Майдони Елисей</a>, буд ки дар ҷаҳон машҳур аст. Вазифаи Ҷефферсон мутобиқат ва пешрафти робитаҳои оянда миёни ду кишвар буд. Ин боис гашт, ки Ҷефферсон <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1787" title="Соли 1787">соли 1787</a> дар маросими қабули <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Конститутсияи ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Конститутсияи ИМА</a> иштирок карда натавонист, лекин онро пурра тарафдорӣ кард, нигоҳ накарда ба он, ки боб дар бораи <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhtml:file://D:/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Билль о правах (США) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Лоиҳаи қонун барои ҳуқуқҳо</a> баъдан шомили <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Қонуни асосии давлат">конститутсия</a> шуд. Мукотибаҳои Ҷефферсон тавассути омодакунандаи конститутсия, дӯст ва ҳамкори Томас <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhtml:file://D:/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Мэдисон, Джеймс (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Мэдисон</a> бурда мешуд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Котиби_давлатӣ"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B1.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.82.D3.A3"></span>Котиби давлатӣ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Вироиши қисмат: Котиби давлатӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Котиби давлатӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Аз Париж баргашта, Ҷефферсон аввалин <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Котиби давлатӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">котиби давлатӣ</a> дар таърихи ИМА шуда, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_1789%E2%80%941793&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Солҳои 1789—1793 (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">солҳои 1789—1793</a> дар кабинети якуми президент <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷорҷ Вашингтон">Ҷорҷ Вашингтон</a> фаъолият кард. Дар ин мансаб мухолифати ҷиддии ӯ бо котиби хазинахона <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр Ҳамилтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Александр Ҳамилтон</a> барои сиёсати андоз, махсусан усули пардохти қарзи ҳарбиёни кишвар оғоз шуд. Он замон, чуноне ки Ҳамилтон меҳисобид, танзими пардохти қарзҳо бояд баробар ба буҷаи ҳар як иёлот сурат бигирад, Ҷефферсон тарафдори он буд, ки ҳар як иёлот бояд қарзи худро пардохт намояд (асосан барои он ки, иёлоти хеш Вирҷиния дар ҳақиқатан ҳам қарздор набуд). Дар оянда низоъ ба он оварда расонид, ки Ҳамилтон ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳизби федералистӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ҳизби федералистии ӯ</a> Ҷефферсонро ба монархист, консерватор, иштиёқманд ва барҳамдиҳандаи пояҳои кишвар шабоҳат доданд. Ҷефферсон чанд дафъа ба такрор гуфта буд, ки <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Федерализм (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">федерализм</a> баробармаънои <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роялизм (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">роялизм</a></i> <i>аст.</i> Бо ин гуна шарту шароит Томас Ҷефферсон ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Мэдисон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Мэдисон</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82-%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳизби Демократ-Ҷумҳурихоҳон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ҳизби Демократ-Ҷумҳурихоҳонро</a> ташкил дода, бо сохтани хати иттиҳод-ҷумҳурихоҳони худ дар тамоми кишвар бо федерализм мубориза бурданд. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1793" title="Соли 1793">Соли 1793</a> миёни Фаронса (сар задани <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D2%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инқилоби Фаронса (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">инқилоб</a>) ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Британияи Кабир">Британияи кабир</a> ҷанг оғоз шуд. Ҷефферсон пурра Фаронсаро дастгирӣ кардан мехост, вале бо президент <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷорҷ Вашингтон">Ҷорҷ Вашингтон</a> дар боби дахл накардани ИМА ба корҳои аврупоӣ розӣ шуд. Ҳатто ба кӯшишҳои сафири Фаронса <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдмон-Шарл Жене (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эдмон-Шарл Жене</a> барои кашидани пои ИМА ба ҷанг монеъ шуд ва аризаи шикоятӣ ба унвони Конгресс навишт. </p><p>Дар охири соли 1793 Ҷефферсон истеъфо дода, мухолифонро ба Вашингтон ва Ҳамилтон гузошту худ ба Монтичелло рафт. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1794" title="Соли 1794">Соли 1794</a> бо кӯшишҳои Ҳамилтон <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шартномаи Ҷей (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Шартномаи Ҷей</a> ба имзо расид, ки тибқи низомнома бо Британияи кабир боиси барпо кардани робитаҳои савдоӣ шуд. Ҷеймс Мэдисон, дар навбати худ, ин шартномаро танқид кард, ки аз тарафи Ҷефферсон дастгирӣ шуд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1796_ва_фаъолият_дар_вазифаи_ноиби_президент"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8_1796_.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.84.D0.B0.D1.8A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.B1.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82"></span>Интихоботи президентии соли 1796 ва фаъолият дар вазифаи ноиби президент</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Вироиши қисмат: Интихоботи президентии соли 1796 ва фаъолият дар вазифаи ноиби президент" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Интихоботи президентии соли 1796 ва фаъолият дар вазифаи ноиби президент"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1796" title="Соли 1796">Соли 1796</a> Ҷефферсон номзадии худро аз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82-%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳизби Демократ-Ҷумҳурихоҳон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ҳизби Демократ-Ҷумҳурихоҳон</a> дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Интихоботи президентӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">интихоботи президентӣ</a> гузошт, вале аз тарафи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Федералист (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">федералист</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a> мағлуб шуд. Ба ин нигоҳ накарда, шумораи овозҳои гирифтааш имкон дод, ки Ҷефферсон дар вазифаи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B1_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ноиб - Президент">ноиби президент</a> фаъолият кунад. Қоидаҳои тартиботи гузаронидани парлумонро навишта, аз уҳдадориҳои баъдии раёсати <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сенат (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Сенат</a> ҷилавгирӣ кард. </p><p>Вақте ки <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷанги-Квазӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷанги-Квазӣ</a> бе эълон миёни <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">ИМА</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Фаронса">Фаронса</a> шурӯъ шуд, идоракунандаҳои ҳизби федералистӣ бо роҳбарии президент <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Адамс</a> омодагии шиддатнокро барои амалиёти ҷангӣ оғоз намуданд. Шумораи қушӯн ва флотҳо афзуда шуданд, андозбандии нав ҷорӣ шуд ва қабули <i>қонунҳо барои муҳоҷирини нофорам ва фитнаангез</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Англиси">англ.</a> <i>Alien and Sedition Acts</i>, ба президент имконият медод, ки шаҳрвандони кишварҳои бо <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">ИМА</a> дар низоъбуда ва шахсони хатарноки ҷаҳониро барои бехатар гардондани ватанаш аз кишвар бадарға намояд. Ҷефферсон ин қонунҳоро ҳуҷум ба ҳизби худ шумурда, ислоҳотҳои Вирҷиния ва Кентуккиро бо ҳамроҳии Мэдисон навишта ба қабули он ноил гаштанд. Тибқи ин ислоҳот эълон карда шуд, ки ҳукумати федералӣ ҳуқуқ ба иҷроиши ваколати ҳокимияти ин иёлотро надорад ва агар қарорҳои федералӣ инро ҳамчун ҳуқуқвайронкунӣ маҳкум намоянд, иёлот фаъолияти қонунҳои федералиро дар ҳудуди худ қатъ менамояд. Ин ислоҳотҳо асосҳои назариявӣ дар бораи ҳуқуқҳои иёлотҳоро асос гузошт, ки нишонаҳояш баъдтар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1860" title="Соли 1860">соли 1860</a> дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷануби ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ҷануби ИМА</a> ва дар <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Ҷанги шаҳрвандӣ">ҷанги шаҳрвандӣ</a> дида шуд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Интихоботи_президентии_соли_1800"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8_1800"></span>Интихоботи президентии соли 1800</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Вироиши қисмат: Интихоботи президентии соли 1800" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Интихоботи президентии соли 1800"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Мақолаи асосӣ: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%A3_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90_(1800)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Интихоботи президентӣ дар ИМА (1800) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Интихоботи президентӣ дар ИМА (1800)</a></b></i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1800" title="Соли 1800">Соли 1800</a> Ҷефферсон тавонист ҳизбашро муттаҳид намояд ва бо <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аарон Бёрр (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Аарон Бёрр</a> барои иштирок дар интихоботи президентӣ, омода гашт, алалхусус ӯ ба барномаи ҳизбӣ дар бораи андози зиёду сершумор такя мекард. Бо ин ҳама, чун анъанаи замона ӯ маъракаи пешазинтихоботиро пеш набурд. Нақшаи демократ-ҷумҳурихоҳон аз он иборат буд, ки яке аз интихобкунандагон як бор овоз диҳад ва дар ин сурат Ҷефферсон президент, ҳамкори ӯ бошад, Бёрр бо як овоз камтар ноиби президент мешуд. </p><p>Лекин ин нақша барабас рафту дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Палатаи намояндагон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">палатаи намояндагон</a> барои федералистҳо (онҷо бартарият доштанд), интихоб миёни Ҷефферсон ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аарон Бёрр (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Бёрр</a> пеш омад. Пас аз музокираҳои дуру дароз, Ҷефферсон президент интихоб шуд. Ба кабинети худ ӯ намояндагони ҳарду ҳизбро даъват кард ва ҳамкори деринаи худ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Мэдисон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Мэдисонро</a> ба вазифаи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Котиби давлатӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">котиби давлатӣ</a> баргузид. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Президентӣ_(1801—1809)"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D3.A3_.281801.E2.80.941809.29"></span>Президентӣ (1801—1809)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Вироиши қисмат: Президентӣ (1801—1809)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Президентӣ (1801—1809)"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/450px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/600px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption><small>Ёдгории Ҷефферсон дар Вашингтон</small></figcaption></figure> <p>Дар лаҳзаи инаугуратсия Ҷефферсон озод буд ва барои амалӣ намудани барномаи сиёсии худ — масъулияти назди ҳукумати маҳаллӣ ва тақвият бахшидани нақши хоҷагии қишлоқ дар иқтисодро пешниҳод кард. Томас ҳамчунин демократикунонии ҳокимият, хусусан, даст кашидан аз карруфарро дар <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қасри сафед (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Қасри сафед</a>, ки замони <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Адамс</a> қабул шуда буд, дастгирӣ кард. Ҳизби муътабари демократ-ҷумҳурихоҳон дар Конгресси ҷадид ва нифоқ дар ҳизби федералистӣ байни <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр Ҳамилтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳамилтон</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Адамс</a> ба Ҷефферсон имконияти фарох доданд, ки ягон маротиба аз вето (ҳуқуқи боздоштан ё бекор кардани нишондодҳои органҳои қонунбарор) дар марҳилаи президентии худ истифода набарад. </p><p>Дар роҳи расидан ба мақсади назорат аз болои <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Конгресси Амрико">Конгресс</a> Ҷефферсон бо ҳизби федералистии <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр Ҳамилтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳамилтон</a> созиш кард. Ҷефферсон дар сиёсати иқтисодии <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр Ҳамилтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳамилтон</a> дахолат ба бонки миллӣ ва тарофаҳоро идома медод. Дар ивази ин федералистҳо зидди анҷоми муҳлати амали <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%AB%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D3%A3%C2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="«Қонун дар бораи фитнаангезӣ» (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">«Қонун дар бораи фитнаангезӣ»</a> дар соли 1801 ва бекор кардани яке аз қарорҳо дар бораи ҳамроҳӣ намудани маҳбусҳои хориҷии озодшуда баромаданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Марг"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B3"></span>Марг</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Вироиши қисмат: Марг" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Марг"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Томас Ҷефферсон <a href="/wiki/4_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB" title="4 июл">4 июли</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1826" title="Соли 1826">соли 1826</a> дар Шарлотсвилл, на он қадар дуртар аз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монтичелло (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Монтичелло</a>, баъди расо панҷоҳ сол аз қабули Эъломияи Истиқлол, якчанд соат пештар аз президенти қаблӣ ва рақиби асосии сиёсиаш <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a>, ки охирин суханонаш ин буд: «Томас Ҷефферсон ҳоло зинда аст» аз дунё рафт. </p><p>Ҷефферсон дар Монтичелло дафн карда шудааст. </p> <table align="center" style="width:40%; border:2px #a3b1bf solid; background:#f5faff;"> <tbody><tr> <td><center><small>HERE WAS BURIED</small><br /> <p><big><b>THOMAS JEFFERSON</b></big><br /> <small>AUTHOR OF THE</small><br /> <b>DECLARATION</b><br /> <small>OF</small><br /> <b>AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE</b><br /> <small>OF THE</small><br /> <b>STATUTE OF VIRGINIA</b><br /> <small>FOR</small><br /> <b>RELIGIOUS FREEDOM</b><br /> <small>AND FATHER OF THE</small><br /> <b>UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA</b> </p><p><small>BORN APRIL 2 1743 O.S.<br /> DIED JULY 4 1826</small> </p> </center></td> <td><center><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg/260px-Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg/390px-Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg/520px-Thomas_Jefferson%27s_Grave_Site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Санги болои гури Томас Ҷефферсон</figcaption></figure> </center></td> <td><center><small>ИНҶО ДАФН ШУДААСТ</small><br /> <p><big><b>ТОМАС</b></big> </p><p><big><b>ҶЕФФЕРСОН</b></big><br /> <small>МУЛЛИФИ</small><br /> <b>ЭЪЛОМИЯИ</b><br /> <b>ИСТИҚЛОЛИЯТИ</b> </p><p><b>АМРИКО</b><sub><big>,</big></sub> </p><p><small>МУАЛЛИФИ</small><br /> <b>ҚОНУНИ ИЁЛОТИ ВИРҶИНИЯ</b><br /> <small>ОИД БА</small> </p><p><b>ОЗОДИИ ЭЪТИҚОДОТИ ДИНӢ</b> </p><p><sup>ВА ПАДАР-АСОСГУЗОРИ</sup><br /> <b>ДОНИШГОҲИ ВИРҶИНИЯ</b> </p><p><small>ТАВАЛЛУД 2 АПРЕЛИ 1743<br /> ВАФОТ 4 ИЮЛИ 1826</small> </p> </center></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Рӯзи таваллуди ӯ бо тарҳи пешин қайд шудааст, ҳарчанд, ки <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Британияи Кабир">Британияи Кабир</a> ва мустамликаҳои амрикоӣ ба тарҳи нав аз <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1752" title="Соли 1752">соли 1752</a> бо ислоҳоти аввали соли нав гузашта буданд. </p><p>Ба он нигоҳ накарда, ки Ҷефферсон дар яке аз оилаҳои сарватманди <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико">ИМА</a> ба дунё омада буд, пас аз маргаш, аз ӯ қарзҳои калон боқӣ монданд ва дороияш бо тариқи музояда ба фурӯш гузошта шуд. 552 акр (223 гектар) замин, ки ба Ҷефферсон тааллуқ дошт, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1831" title="Соли 1831">соли 1831</a> аз ҷониби <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A2._%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Т. Барклӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Т. Барклӣ</a> бо маблағи 7000 доллар харидорӣ шуд. Ҷефферсон васият кард, ки Монтичеллоро ба давлат мегузорад, ки то онҷо мактабҳо барои фарзандони афсарони фавтида бунёд намоянд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хотира"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Хотира</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Вироиши қисмат: Хотира" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Хотира"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:US_$2_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/220px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/330px-US_%242_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/440px-US_%242_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1057" /></a><figcaption><small>Банкноти дудоллара</small></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Дар ИМА ба хотири Ҷефферсон якчанд муҷассамаҳо гузоштаанд, округҳои якчанд иёлот низ ба хотири ӯ номгузорӣ шудааст.</li> <li>Расми Ҷефферсон дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Доллари ИМА">банкноти дудоллара</a> ва тангаи панҷсента акс ёфта аст.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Кино"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BE"></span>Кино</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Вироиши қисмат: Кино" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Кино"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр Ҳамилтон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">«Александр Ҳамилтон»</a> (1931) — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монтегю Лав (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Монтегю Лав</a> нақши Томас Джефферсонро иҷро кардааст.</li> <li>«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhtml:file://D:/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Джефферсон в Париже (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷефферсон дар Париж</a>» ([[Mhtml:file://D:/Мавод/Джефферсон, Томас — Википедия.mht!<a class="external free" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%7C1995">https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%7C1995</a><span title="{{{2}}}" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(пайванди дастнорас)</span>]])</li> <li>«Моҷаро дар Қасри Сафед» (2000) — таърихи муносибати Томас Ҷефферсон бо Салли Ҳемингс, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэм Нил (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Сэм Нил</a> нақши Ҷефферсонро бозидааст.</li> <li>«<a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a>» (2008)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эзоҳ"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.B7.D0.BE.D2.B3"></span>Эзоҳ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Вироиши қисмат: Эзоҳ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Эзоҳ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_de533ef8e97fec1e-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_de533ef8e97fec1e_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_de533ef8e97fec1e_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q36524 citetype_Q7094076 citetype_Q27031827 citetype_Q595971" data-entity-id="Q19938912"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12085503q">идентификатор BNF</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони фавронсавӣ">(фр.)</span>: платформаи додаҳои боз<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 2011.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_e591e52806aeffc2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_e591e52806aeffc2_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_e591e52806aeffc2_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q7094076" data-entity-id="Q21491701"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00001107">http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00001107</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони инглисӣ">(ингл.)</span><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_b14c0eca16bdf3cf-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_b14c0eca16bdf3cf_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q36570165" data-entity-id="Q17299517"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explore.rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/42116">Thomas Jefferson</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони нидерландӣ">(нидерл.)</span><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_a857f5df2a00d1b4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_a857f5df2a00d1b4_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q35127 citetype_Q33270056 citetype_Q7094076" data-entity-id="Q21401824"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67129259" class="extiw" title="d:Q67129259">Lundy D. R.</a></i> <a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4638&url_prefix=https://www.thepeerage.com/&id=p32351.htm#i323510">The Peerage</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони инглисӣ">(ингл.)</span><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_0e8ab7b3d1ec818d_5-3">5.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q856638 citetype_Q1982918 citetype_Q36524" data-entity-id="Q13550863"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720116">Чешская национальная авторитетная база данных</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">2 апрел — бо намуди пешина</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адабиёт"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.82"></span>Адабиёт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Вироиши қисмат: Адабиёт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Адабиёт"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Севостьянов, Григорий Николаевич (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Севостьянов Г. Н.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уткин, Анатолий Иванович (историк) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Уткин А. И.</a></i> Томас Джефферсон. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мысль (издательство, Москва) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Мысль</a>, 1976. — 392 с. — <span class="nowrap">45 000 экз.</span></span> (В пер.)</li> <li><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Печатнов, Владимир Олегович (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Печатнов В. О.</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гамильтон, Александр (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Гамильтон</a> и Джефферсон / Ред. М. Ю. Ситнина; Оформление художников: Е. П. Суматохина и В. В. Суркова.. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Международные отношения (издательство) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Международные отношения</a>, 1984. — 336, [16] с. — <span class="nowrap">40 000 экз.</span></span> (в пер.)</li> <li><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Согрин, Владимир Викторович (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Согрин В. В.</a></i> Джефферсон: Человек, мыслитель, политик / Отв. ред. член-корр. АН СССР <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Болховитинов, Николай Николаевич (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Н. Н. Болховитинов</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Академия наук СССР (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Академия наук СССР</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Наука (издательство) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Наука</a>, 1989. — 280 с. — <span class="nowrap">5 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/5020089907" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-008990-7</a>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Пайвандҳо"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D2.B3.D0.BE"></span>Пайвандҳо</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Вироиши қисмат: Пайвандҳо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Пайвандҳо"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america-xix.org.ru/library/jefferson-inaugurals/">Инаугурационные речи президента США Томаса Джефферсона</a> в русском переводе</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://german.imdb.com/title/tt0113463/">Jefferson in Paris</a> на <a href="/w/index.php?title=IMDB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMDB (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">IMDB</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grachev62.narod.ru/hrest/jef_5.html">Билль о религиозной свободе (1779 г.)</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Президентҳои_ИМА" data-name="Президентҳои ИМА"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="colgroup" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Дидани ин шаблон"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span></span><div id="Президентҳои_ИМА" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Президенти ИМА">Президентҳои ИМА</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">1—10 <small>(1789—1841)</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷорҷ Вашингтон">Ҷорҷ Вашингтон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ҷон Адамс (президент)">Ҷон Адамс</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Томас Ҷефферсон</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Мэдисон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Мэдисон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Ҷеймс Монро">Ҷеймс Монро</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷон Куинси Адамс (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷон Куинси Адамс</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8E_%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эндрю Ҷексон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эндрю Ҷексон</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мартин Ван Бюрен (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Мартин Ван Бюрен</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Уилям Ҳаррисон">Уилям Ҳаррисон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ҷон Тайлер">Ҷон Тайлер</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 7px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">11—20 <small>(1841—1881)</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Ҷеймс Полк">Ҷеймс Полк</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Закари Тейлор (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Закари Тейлор</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Миллард Филлмор (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Миллард Филлмор</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Франклин Пирс (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Франклин Пирс</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Бюкенен (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Бюкенен</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Абраҳам Линколн">Абраҳам Линколн</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8E_%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эндрю Ҷонсон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эндрю Ҷонсон</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Улисс Грант (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Улисс Грант</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ратерфорд Хейс (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ратерфорд Хейс</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҷеймс Гарфилд (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҷеймс Гарфилд</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">21—30 <small>(1881—1929)</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Честер Артур (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Честер Артур</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гровер Кливленд (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Гровер Кливленд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Бенҷамин Гаррисон">Бенҷамин Гаррисон</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гровер Кливленд (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Гровер Кливленд</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уилям Мак-Кинли (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Уилям Мак-Кинли</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Теодор Рузвелт">Теодор Рузвелт</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82" title="Уилям Ҳовард Тафт">Уилям Тафт</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вудро Вилсон">Вудро Вилсон</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уоррен Ҳардинг (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Уоррен Ҳардинг</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калвин Кулиҷ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Калвин Кулиҷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">31—40 <small>(1929—1989)</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҳерберт Гувер (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ҳерберт Гувер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Франклин Рузвелт">Франклин Рузвелт</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гарри Трумэн (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Гарри Трумэн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Дуайт Эйзенҳоуэр">Дуайт Эйзенҳоуэр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҷон Кеннеди">Ҷон Кеннеди</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Линдон Ҷонсон">Линдон Ҷонсон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричард Никсон">Ричард Никсон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ҷералд Форд">Ҷералд Форд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ҷимми Картер">Ҷимми Картер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Роналд Рейган">Роналд Рейган</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">41—46 <small>(1989 — то ҳол)</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D2%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%88" title="Ҷорҷ Ҳерберт Уокер Буш">Ҷорҷ Ҳерберт Уокер Буш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Билл Клинтон">Билл Клинтон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%88" title="Ҷорҷ Уокер Буш">Ҷорҷ Уокер Буш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Барак Обама">Барак Обама</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп">Доналд Трамп</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ҷо Байден">Ҷо Байден</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Президентҳои ИМА (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Президентҳои ИМА</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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