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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chapbooks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapbooks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_memoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_memoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Musical memoirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_memoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Collaborations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthologies_edited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthologies_edited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Anthologies edited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthologies_edited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screenplays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screenplays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Screenplays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screenplays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="آل یانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آل یانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Young_(poeta)" title="Al Young (poeta) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Al Young (poeta)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4705004#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter (1939–2021)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Al Young, see <a href="/wiki/Al_Young_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Al Young (disambiguation)">Al Young (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Al+Young%22">"Al Young"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Al+Young%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Al+Young%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Al+Young%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Al+Young%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Al+Young%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Al Young</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Young_(2018)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Al_Young_%282018%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Al_Young_%282018%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Al_Young_%282018%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Al_Young_%282018%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Al_Young_%282018%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Al_Young_%282018%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="2788" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Young in 2018</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Albert James Young</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1939-05-31</span>)</span>May 31, 1939<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Ocean Springs, Mississippi">Ocean Springs, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 17, 2021<span style="display:none">(2021-04-17)</span> (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Concord,_California" title="Concord, California">Concord, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Earnest James Young</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Arline June Belch (m. 1963–2016; death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Poet Laureate of California (2005–2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026072137/http://www.alyoung.org/">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albert James Young</b><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (May 31, 1939 – April 17, 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and professor. He was named <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> by Governor <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> from 2005 to 2008. Young's many books included novels, collections of poetry, essays, and memoirs. His work appeared in literary journals and magazines including <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Review">Paris Review</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ploughshares" title="Ploughshares">Ploughshares</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Essence_(magazine)" title="Essence (magazine)">Essence</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Review" title="Chicago Review">Chicago Review</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Review">Seattle Review</a></i>, <i>Brilliant Corners: A Journal of Jazz & Literature</i>, <i>Chelsea</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>, <i>Gathering of the Tribes,</i> and in anthologies including the <i>Norton Anthology of African American Literature,</i> and the <i>Oxford Anthology of African American Literature.</i><sup id="cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcsu.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born May 31, 1939, in <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Ocean Springs, Mississippi">Ocean Springs, Mississippi</a>, on the Gulf Coast near <a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His maternal grandparents had been <a href="/wiki/Sharecropping" title="Sharecropping">sharecroppers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young attended the "Kingston School for Colored", a segregated school in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated in 1957 from <a href="/wiki/Central_High_School_(Detroit)" title="Central High School (Detroit)">Central High School</a> in Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1957 to 1960 he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. At the University of Michigan he co-edited <i>Generation</i>, the campus literary magazine. He also met classmate Janet Coleman in Michigan, whom he later co-authored work with in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961 he moved to the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>. Settling at first in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, he held a wide variety of jobs (including folksinger, lab aide, disk jockey, medical photographer, clerk typist, employment counselor).<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated with honors in 1969 from <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (UC Berkeley), with a degree in Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_teaching">Career and teaching</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and teaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Young taught poetry, fiction writing and American literature at UC Berkeley; <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a> from 1983 until the early 1990s;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University" title="Bowling Green State University">Bowling Green State University</a>; <a href="/wiki/Foothill_College" title="Foothill College">Foothill College</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_College" title="Colorado College">Colorado College</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas" title="University of Arkansas">University of Arkansas</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From 1969 to 1976, he was Edward B. <a href="/wiki/Jones_Lecturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jones Lecturer">Jones Lecturer</a> in Creative Writing at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> near <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a>, where he lived and worked for three decades.<sup id="cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcsu.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s, he wrote film scripts <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strick" title="Joseph Strick">Joseph Strick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote linear notes for <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Breezin%27" title="Breezin'">Breezin'</a></i> album (1976).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, he was appointed the <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="San José State University">San José State University</a>'s Lurie Distinguished Professor of Creative Writing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He also taught at <a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Charles University</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> under the auspices of the Prague Summer Programs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the spring of 2003 he taught poetry at <a href="/wiki/Davidson_College" title="Davidson College">Davidson College</a> (Davidson, NC), where he was McGee Professor in Writing. In the fall of 2003, as the first Coffey Visiting professor of Creative Writing at <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_State_University" title="Appalachian State University">Appalachian State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boone,_North_Carolina" title="Boone, North Carolina">Boone</a>, NC, he taught a poetry workshop. From 2003 to 2006, he served on the faculty of <a href="/wiki/Cave_Canem_Foundation" title="Cave Canem Foundation">Cave Canem</a>'s summer workshop retreats for African-American poets. </p><p>His students included poet <a href="/wiki/Persis_Karim" title="Persis Karim">Persis Karim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, Young was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also awarded a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright fellowship</a>, two Puschart prizes, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_PEN_literary_awards" title="List of PEN literary awards">PEN-USA Award</a>, multiple <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> fellowships, and a <a href="/wiki/Stegner_Fellowship" title="Stegner Fellowship">Wallace Stegner fellowship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He twice received the <a href="/wiki/American_Book_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="American Book Award">American Book Award</a>, for <i>Bodies and Soul: Musical Memoirs</i> (1982),<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Sound of Dreams Remembered: Poems 1990–2000</i> (2002).<sup id="cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcsu.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s and 1990s, as a cultural ambassador for the United States Information Agency, he traveled throughout South Asia, Egypt, Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian West Bank. </p><p>In 2001, he traveled to the Persian Gulf to lecture on American and African-American literature and culture in Kuwait and in Bahrain for the U.S. Department of State. Subsequent lecture tours took him to Southern Italy in 2004, and to Italy in 2005. His poetry and prose have been translated into Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Norwegian, Serbo-Croatian, Polish, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, German, Urdu, Korean, and other languages. Blending story, recitation and song, Young often performed with musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcsu.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 15, 2005, he was named Poet Laureate of California by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In appointing Young as Poet Laureate in 2005, the Governor Schwarzenegger praised him: "He is an educator and a man with a passion for the Arts. His remarkable talent and sense of mission to bring poetry into the lives of Californians is an inspiration."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muriel Johnson, <a href="/wiki/Technical_director" title="Technical director">Director</a> of the <a href="/wiki/California_Arts_Council" title="California Arts Council">California Arts Council</a> declared: "Like jazz, Al Young is an original American voice."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Young was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) from <a href="/wiki/Whittier_College" title="Whittier College">Whittier College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life_and_death">Family life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was married to technical writer and editor Arline June Young (née Belch) from 1963 until her death in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had one child, a son named Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After living in Palo Alto from 1969 to 1999, in 2000 Young returned to Berkeley, where he continued to freelance.<sup id="cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcsu.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2019, Young had a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>. He died of complications of the stroke on April 17, 2021, in Concord, California, aged 81.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry_collections,_full-length"><span id="Poetry_collections.2C_full-length"></span>Poetry collections, full-length</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Poetry collections, full-length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dancing: Poems</i>. Corinth Books. 1969. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870910579" title="Special:BookSources/9780870910579"><bdi>9780870910579</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dancing%3A+Poems&rft.pub=Corinth+Books&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780870910579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VpN9QgAACAAJ"><i>The Song Turning Back Into Itself</i></a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030866920" title="Special:BookSources/9780030866920"><bdi>9780030866920</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Song+Turning+Back+Into+Itself&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780030866920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVpN9QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SnxbAAAAMAAJ"><i>Geography of the Near Past: Poems</i></a>. Holt paperback. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 1976. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030138768" title="Special:BookSources/9780030138768"><bdi>9780030138768</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography+of+the+Near+Past%3A+Poems&rft.series=Holt+paperback&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart%2C+and+Winston&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780030138768&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSnxbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QzW2QgAACAAJ"><i>The Blues Don't Change: New and Selected Poems</i></a>. Louisiana State University Press. 1982. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807109786" title="Special:BookSources/9780807109786"><bdi>9780807109786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blues+Don%27t+Change%3A+New+and+Selected+Poems&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780807109786&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQzW2QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NxK_QgAACAAJ"><i>Heaven: Collected Poems: 1956-1990</i></a>. Berkeley, CA: Creative Arts Book Company. 1992. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887390692" title="Special:BookSources/9780887390692"><bdi>9780887390692</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heaven%3A+Collected+Poems%3A+1956-1990&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=Creative+Arts+Book+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780887390692&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNxK_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CK4sAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Sound of Dreams Remembered: Poems 1990-2000</i></a>. Loveletter Editions. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781427601148" title="Special:BookSources/9781427601148"><bdi>9781427601148</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sound+of+Dreams+Remembered%3A+Poems+1990-2000&rft.pub=Loveletter+Editions&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781427601148&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCK4sAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3jgrAQAAIAAJ"><i>Coastal Nights and Inland Afternoons: Poems 2001-2006</i></a>. Angel City Press. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781883318734" title="Special:BookSources/9781883318734"><bdi>9781883318734</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coastal+Nights+and+Inland+Afternoons%3A+Poems+2001-2006&rft.pub=Angel+City+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781883318734&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3jgrAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tpkgAQAAIAAJ"><i>Something About the Blues: An Unlikely Collection of Poetry</i></a>. Sourcebooks MediaFusion. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402210648" title="Special:BookSources/9781402210648"><bdi>9781402210648</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+About+the+Blues%3A+An+Unlikely+Collection+of+Poetry&rft.pub=Sourcebooks+MediaFusion&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781402210648&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtpkgAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapbooks">Chapbooks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chapbooks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3qUgAQAAIAAJ"><i>Straight No Chaser</i></a>. A Donald S. Ellis book. Berkeley, CA: Creative Arts Book Company. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887391064" title="Special:BookSources/9780887391064"><bdi>9780887391064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Straight+No+Chaser&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.series=A+Donald+S.+Ellis+book&rft.pub=Creative+Arts+Book+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780887391064&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3qUgAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BLvCAAAACAAJ"><i>Conjugal Visits: And Other Poems in Poetry and Prose</i></a>. Berkeley, CA: Creative Arts Book Company. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887391187" title="Special:BookSources/9780887391187"><bdi>9780887391187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conjugal+Visits%3A+And+Other+Poems+in+Poetry+and+Prose&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=Creative+Arts+Book+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780887391187&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBLvCAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_memoirs">Musical memoirs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Musical memoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1joYAQAAIAAJ"><i>Drowning in the Sea of Love: Musical Memoirs</i></a>. Ecco Press. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780880013888" title="Special:BookSources/9780880013888"><bdi>9780880013888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drowning+in+the+Sea+of+Love%3A+Musical+Memoirs&rft.pub=Ecco+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780880013888&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1joYAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanetAl1989" class="citation book cs1">Janet, Coleman; Al, Young (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1JqfAAAAMAAJ"><i>Mingus/Mingus: Two Memoirs</i></a>. Berkeley, CA: Creative Arts Book Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887390678" title="Special:BookSources/9780887390678"><bdi>9780887390678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mingus%2FMingus%3A+Two+Memoirs&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=Creative+Arts+Book+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780887390678&rft.aulast=Janet&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rft.au=Al%2C+Young&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1JqfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qE0UAQAAIAAJ"><i>Things Ain't What They Used To Be: Musical Memoirs</i></a>. A Donald S. Ellis Book. Berkeley, CA: Creative Arts Book Company. 1987. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887390241" title="Special:BookSources/9780887390241"><bdi>9780887390241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Things+Ain%27t+What+They+Used+To+Be%3A+Musical+Memoirs&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.series=A+Donald+S.+Ellis+Book&rft.pub=Creative+Arts+Book+Company&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780887390241&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqE0UAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aE0UAQAAIAAJ"><i>Kinds of Blue: Musical Memoirs</i></a>. D.S. Ellis. 1984. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780916870829" title="Special:BookSources/9780916870829"><bdi>9780916870829</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinds+of+Blue%3A+Musical+Memoirs&rft.pub=D.S.+Ellis&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780916870829&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaE0UAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYCwAAAAIAAJ"><i>Bodies & Soul: Musical Memoirs</i></a>. Berkeley, CA: Creative Arts Book Company. 1981. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780916870393" title="Special:BookSources/9780916870393"><bdi>9780916870393</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bodies+%26+Soul%3A+Musical+Memoirs&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=Creative+Arts+Book+Company&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780916870393&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZYCwAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Seduction by Light</i>. Delta Fiction. 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780440550037" title="Special:BookSources/9780440550037"><bdi>9780440550037</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seduction+by+Light&rft.pub=Delta+Fiction&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780440550037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LnxbAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ask Me Now</i></a>. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill. 1980. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070723603" title="Special:BookSources/9780070723603"><bdi>9780070723603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ask+Me+Now&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780070723603&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLnxbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U-dQAQAAIAAJ"><i>Sitting Pretty: A Novel</i></a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1976. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030152665" title="Special:BookSources/9780030152665"><bdi>9780030152665</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sitting+Pretty%3A+A+Novel&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780030152665&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU-dQAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Who is Angelina?: A Novel</i>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1975. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030122712" title="Special:BookSources/9780030122712"><bdi>9780030122712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+is+Angelina%3F%3A+A+Novel&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780030122712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qn1bAAAAMAAJ"><i>Snakes</i></a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1970. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030845352" title="Special:BookSources/9780030845352"><bdi>9780030845352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Snakes&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780030845352&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqn1bAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaborations">Collaborations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Collaborations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Jazz Idiom: blueprints, stills, and frames: the jazz photography of Charles L. Robinson</i> (photographs and comments by Charles L. Robinson, poetic takes and riffs by Al Young, Heyday Books, 2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthologies_edited">Anthologies edited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Anthologies edited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Literature of California, Volume 1: Native American Beginnings to 1945</i> (with Jack Hicks, James D. Houston and Maxine Hong Kingston, eds., University of California Press, 2000)</li> <li><i>African American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology</i> (HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996)</li> <li><i>Yardbird Lives!</i> (co-edited with <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Reed" title="Ishmael Reed">Ishmael Reed</a>, Grove Press, 1978)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screenplays">Screenplays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Screenplays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sparkle</i> (1972), for the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stigwood_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Stigwood Organisation">Robert Stigwood Organisation</a> (RSO)<sup id="cite_ref-:5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Nigger</i> (1972), for <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strick" title="Joseph Strick">Joseph Strick</a> and Laser Films, Inc., based on <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory's</a> autobiography<sup id="cite_ref-:5_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Piece_of_the_Action_(film)" title="A Piece of the Action (film)">A Piece of the Action</a></i> (1977), for Sidney Poitier and Verdon Productions, starring <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bustin%27_Loose_(film)" title="Bustin' Loose (film)">Bustin' Loose</a></i> (1981), starring Richard Pryor, <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2021" class="citation web cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (April 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/books/al-young-dead.html">"Al Young, Poet With a Musical Bent, Is Dead at 81"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Al+Young%2C+Poet+With+a+Musical+Bent%2C+Is+Dead+at+81&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F04%2F23%2Fbooks%2Fal-young-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolley_Jr.2021" class="citation web cs1">Holley Jr., Eugene (May 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/Obituary/article/86390-say-it-loud-a-poet-and-proud-the-life-and-books-of-al-young.html">"Say It Loud: A Poet and Proud: The Life and Books of Al Young"</a>. <i>PublishersWeekly.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PublishersWeekly.com&rft.atitle=Say+It+Loud%3A+A+Poet+and+Proud%3A+The+Life+and+Books+of+Al+Young&rft.date=2021-05-18&rft.aulast=Holley+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2FObituary%2Farticle%2F86390-say-it-loud-a-poet-and-proud-the-life-and-books-of-al-young.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pshares.org/authors/author-detail.cfm?authorID=1695">"Read By Author | Ploughshares"</a>. <i>www.pshares.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pshares.org&rft.atitle=Read+By+Author+%26%23124%3B+Ploughshares&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pshares.org%2Fauthors%2Fauthor-detail.cfm%3FauthorID%3D1695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515004542/http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/60th/28youngindex.shtml">"<i>Chicago Review</i> > 21:4 Summer 1970 > AL YOUNG > <i>For Jack Spicer</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/60th/28youngindex.shtml">the original</a> on May 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chicago+Review+%3E+21%3A4+Summer+1970+%3E+AL+YOUNG+%3E+For+Jack+Spicer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanities.uchicago.edu%2Forgs%2Freview%2F60th%2F28youngindex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jcsu.edu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jcsu.edu_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309154613/http://www.jcsu.edu/lyceum/081108-young%20.htm">"Al Young, California State Poet Laureate and Woodrow Wilson Fellow"</a>. <i>Lyceum Series - Fall 2008, <a href="/wiki/Johnson_C._Smith_University" title="Johnson C. Smith University">Johnson C. Smith University</a></i>. August 11, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcsu.edu/lyceum/081108-young%20.htm">the original</a> on March 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lyceum+Series+-+Fall+2008%2C+Johnson+C.+Smith+University&rft.atitle=Al+Young%2C+California+State+Poet+Laureate+and+Woodrow+Wilson+Fellow&rft.date=2008-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcsu.edu%2Flyceum%2F081108-young%2520.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poets.org/poet/al-young">"About Al Young"</a>. <i>poets.org</i>. Academy of American Poets. April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=poets.org&rft.atitle=About+Al+Young&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoets.org%2Fpoet%2Fal-young&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89884635">"California Poet Laureate Al Young's 'Blues'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. April 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=California+Poet+Laureate+Al+Young%27s+%27Blues%27&rft.date=2008-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D89884635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1989" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Michael E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lookin+for+that+something+else&rft.date=1976-05-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F05%2F23%2Farchives%2Flookin-for-that-something-else.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1977" class="citation journal cs1">Mitchell, Arlene (September 1, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/4.2.16a">"Al Young, Sitting Pretty, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976, 254 pages"</a>. <i>MELUS</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmelus%2F4.2.16a">10.1093/melus/4.2.16a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0163-755X">0163-755X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MELUS&rft.atitle=Al+Young%2C+Sitting+Pretty%2C+New+York%3A+Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston%2C+1976%2C+254+pages&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1977-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmelus%2F4.2.16a&rft.issn=0163-755X&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Arlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fmelus%2F4.2.16a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReillySutro" class="citation web cs1">Reilly, John M.; Sutro, Martha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/young-albert-james">"Young, Al(bert James)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Young%2C+Al%28bert+James%29&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Sutro%2C+Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Farts%2Fculture-magazines%2Fyoung-albert-james&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pshares.org/issues/spring-1993/about-al-young-profile">"About Al Young: A Profile"</a>. <i>Ploughshares</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ploughshares&rft.atitle=About+Al+Young%3A+A+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pshares.org%2Fissues%2Fspring-1993%2Fabout-al-young-profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Young" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California_Poet_Laureate" title="Template:California Poet Laureate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California_Poet_Laureate" title="Template talk:California Poet Laureate"><abbr title="Discuss this 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McGroarty">John S. McGroarty</a> (1933-1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_W._Norris" title="Gordon W. Norris">Gordon W. Norris</a> (1953-1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Garrigus" title="Charles B. Garrigus">Charles B. Garrigus</a> (1966–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a> (2002)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al Young</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Muske-Dukes" title="Carol Muske-Dukes">Carol Muske-Dukes</a> (2008-2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Felipe_Herrera" title="Juan Felipe Herrera">Juan Felipe Herrera</a> (2012-2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Gioia" title="Dana Gioia">Dana Gioia</a> (2015-2018)</li> <li>Lee Herrick (since 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Book_Awards" title="Template talk:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Book_Awards" title="American Book Awards">American Book Awards</a> winners (1980–1999)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Woolf" title="Douglas Woolf">Douglas Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Cortez" title="Jayne Cortez">Jayne Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Marmon_Silko" title="Leslie Marmon Silko">Leslie Marmon Silko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Murayama" title="Milton Murayama">Milton Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(poet)" title="Alta (poet)">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Chong_Lau" title="Alan Chong Lau">Alan Chong Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_N._Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido N. Santos">Bienvenido N. Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionel Mitchell (page does not exist)">Lionel Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasa_Mohr" title="Nicholasa Mohr">Nicholasa Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blue_Cloud" title="Peter Blue Cloud">Peter Blue Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kelly_(poet)" title="Robert Kelly (poet)">Robert Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Drachler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Drachler (page does not exist)">Rose Drachler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Cade_Bambara" title="Toni Cade Bambara">Toni Cade Bambara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Niatum" title="Duane Niatum">Duane Niatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Mayo" title="E. L. Mayo">E. L. Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Obenzinger" title="Hilton Obenzinger">Hilton Obenzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Him_Mark_Lai" title="Him Mark Lai">Him Mark Lai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genny_Lim" title="Genny Lim">Genny Lim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Yung" title="Judy Yung">Judy Yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Rothenberg" title="Jerome Rothenberg">Jerome Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Thomas" title="Joyce Carol Thomas">Joyce Carol Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Quintana" title="Leroy Quintana">Leroy Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Dee_Cervantes" title="Lorna Dee Cervantes">Lorna Dee Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Phillip_Tanaka" title="Ronald Phillip Tanaka">Ronald Phillip Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Banks" title="Russell Banks">Russell Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tato_Laviera" title="Tato Laviera">Tato Laviera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Christian" title="Barbara Christian">Barbara Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecilia_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecilia Liang (page does not exist)">Cecilia Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelina_Vigil-Pi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Evangelina Vigil-Piñón">Evangelina Vigil-Piñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Rohmer" title="Harriet Rohmer">Harriet Rohmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tarahata_Hagedorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn">Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Kogawa" title="Joy Kogawa">Joy Kogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Grahn" title="Judy Grahn">Judy Grahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Candelaria" title="Nash Candelaria">Nash Candelaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Guralnick" title="Peter Guralnick">Peter Guralnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Tuama" title="Seán Ó Tuama">Seán Ó Tuama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Brown_(writer)" title="Cecil Brown (writer)">Cecil Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Schwartz_(writer_and_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Schwartz (writer and editor)">Howard Schwartz</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Podwal" title="Mark Podwal">Mark Podwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamu_Amiri_Baraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamu Amiri Baraka">Imamu Amiri Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Col%C3%B3n" title="Jesús Colón">Jesús Colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruchac" title="Joseph Bruchac">Joseph Bruchac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kenny" title="Maurice Kenny">Maurice Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9_Okubo" title="Miné Okubo">Miné Okubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthanne_Lum_McCunn" title="Ruthanne Lum McCunn">Ruthanne Lum McCunn</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=You-shan_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You-shan Tang (page does not exist)">You-shan Tang</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lai-shan_Yeung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Lai-shan Yeung (page does not exist)">Ellen Lai-shan Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGrath_(poet)" title="Thomas McGrath (poet)">Thomas McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Kulkarni" title="Venkatesh Kulkarni">Venkatesh Kulkarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William J. Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Jackson" title="Angela Jackson">Angela Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Genthe" title="Arnold Genthe">Arnold Genthe</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kuo_Wei_Tchen" title="John Kuo Wei Tchen">John Kuo Wei Tchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_J._McElroy" title="Colleen J. McElroy">Colleen J. McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Soto" title="Gary Soto">Gary Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Irons" title="Peter Irons">Peter Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiho_Soga" title="Keiho Soga">Keiho Soga</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisanboku_Mori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisanboku Mori (page does not exist)">Taisanboku Mori</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojin_Takei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojin Takei (page does not exist)">Sojin Takei</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin_Ozaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muin Ozaki (page does not exist)">Muin Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Owen" title="Maureen Owen">Maureen Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sarton" title="May Sarton">May Sarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Edward Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Jones_(teacher)" title="Ron Jones (teacher)">Ron Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Cisneros" title="Sandra Cisneros">Sandra Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sanchez" title="Sonia Sanchez">Sonia Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Vinograd" title="Julia Vinograd">Julia Vinograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oandasan" title="William Oandasan">William Oandasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Walters" title="Anna Lee Walters">Anna Lee Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gloria_E._Anzald%C3%BAa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria E. Anzaldúa">Gloria E. Anzaldúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Barolini" title="Helen Barolini">Helen Barolini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Hannusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Hannusch (page does not exist)">Jeff Hannusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Hogan_(writer)" title="Linda Hogan (writer)">Linda Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Borovsky" title="Natasha Borovsky">Natasha Borovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Federman" title="Raymond Federman">Raymond Federman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Winch" title="Terence Winch">Terence Winch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Mori" title="Toshio Mori">Toshio Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(poet)" title="Ai (poet)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Castillo" title="Ana Castillo">Ana Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyn_Zarco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyn Zarco (page does not exist)">Cyn Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_McGuire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel McGuire (page does not exist)">Daniel McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bryant" title="Dorothy Bryant">Dorothy Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etheridge_Knight" title="Etheridge Knight">Etheridge Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Giddins" title="Gary Giddins">Gary Giddins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Welch_(writer)" title="James Welch (writer)">James Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Felipe_Herrera" title="Juan Felipe Herrera">Juan Felipe Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Chiavola_Birnbaum" title="Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum">Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayo_(poet)" title="Michael Mayo (poet)">Michael Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Poinsette Clark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stokes_Brown" title="Cynthia Stokes Brown">Cynthia Stokes Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McMillan" title="Terry McMillan">Terry McMillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Blakely" title="Allison Blakely">Allison Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(civil_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy Bates (civil rights activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders" title="Ed Sanders">Edward Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vizenor" title="Gerald Vizenor">Gerald Vizenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Santiago_Baca" title="Jimmy Santiago Baca">Jimmy Santiago Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesho_Y._Scott" title="Kesho Y. Scott">Kesho Y. Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Muhanji" title="Cherry Muhanji">Cherry Muhanji</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyirba_High&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyirba High (page does not exist)">Egyirba High</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlon_K._Hom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marlon K. Hom (page does not exist)">Marlon K. Hom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hoff" title="Benjamin Hoff">Benjamin Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sukenick" title="Ronald Sukenick">Ronald Sukenick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_La_Puma" title="Salvatore La Puma">Salvatore La Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Tek_Lum" title="Wing Tek Lum">Wing Tek Lum</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek_Lum_Lum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tek Lum Lum (page does not exist)">Tek Lum Lum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Luz_Villanueva" title="Alma Luz Villanueva">Alma Luz Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askia_M._Tour%C3%A9" title="Askia M. Touré">Askia M. Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Lau" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn Lau">Carolyn Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Elliott" title="Emory Elliott">Emory Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates">Henry Louis Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._California_Cooper" title="J. California Cooper">J. California Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Stone_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Stone (writer) (page does not exist)">Jennifer Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Gattuso_Hendin" title="Josephine Gattuso Hendin">Josephine Gattuso Hendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Scalapino" title="Leslie Scalapino">Leslie Scalapino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Tanikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuntaro Tanikawa">Shuntaro Tanikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fanning" title="Charles Fanning">Charles Fanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Minoru_Hohri" class="mw-redirect" title="William Minoru Hohri">William Minoru Hohri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Kennedy" title="Adrienne Kennedy">Adrienne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison" title="Barbara Grizzuti Harrison">Barbara Grizzuti Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Gioseffi" title="Daniela Gioseffi">Daniela Gioseffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woody" title="Elizabeth Woody">Elizabeth Woody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualing_Nieh_Engle" title="Hualing Nieh Engle">Hualing Nieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabari_Njeri" title="Itabari Njeri">Itabari Njeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Freeman" title="James M. Freeman">James M. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Walter" title="John C. Walter">John C. Walter</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Raymond_Jones" title="J. Raymond Jones">J. Raymond Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norton_(author)" title="John Norton (author)">John Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Emilio_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Emilio González">José Emilio González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kan" title="Sergei Kan">Sergei Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_A._Thompson" title="Lloyd A. Thompson">Lloyd A. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_T._Clinton" title="Michelle T. Clinton">Michelle T. Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sesshu_Foster" title="Sesshu Foster">Sesshu Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayumi_Tsutakawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayumi Tsutakawa (page does not exist)">Mayumi Tsutakawa</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_Donnelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita Donnelly (page does not exist)">Margarita Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Alejandro Murguía">Alejandro Murguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Wright" title="Bruce M. Wright">Bruce Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Trujillo" title="Charley Trujillo">Charley Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Melhem" title="D. H. Melhem">D. H. Melhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Keenan" title="Deborah Keenan">Deborah Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hagedorn" title="Jessica Hagedorn">Jessica Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Wideman" title="John Edgar Wideman">John Edgar Wideman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Tei_Yamashita" title="Karen Tei Yamashita">Karen Tei Yamashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Berlin" title="Lucia Berlin">Lucia Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crow_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Crow Dog">Mary Crow Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridel_Le_Sueur" title="Meridel Le Sueur">Meridel Le Sueur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Hunk_Herald_Collective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Hunk Herald Collective (page does not exist)">Mill Hunk Herald Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Marks_Dauenhauer" title="Nora Marks Dauenhauer">Nora Marks Dauenhauer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dauenhauer" title="Richard Dauenhauer">Richard Dauenhauer</a></li> <li>R. Baxter Miller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Centolella" title="Thomas Centolella">Thomas Centolella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27Lelia_Bundles" title="A'Lelia Bundles">A'Lelia Perry Bundles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Alire_S%C3%A1enz" title="Benjamin Alire Sáenz">Benjamin Alire Sáenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_J._Haraway" class="mw-redirect" title="Donna J. Haraway">Donna J. Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritjof_Capra" title="Fritjof Capra">Fritjof Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Burciaga" title="José Antonio Burciaga">José Antonio Burciaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gilyard" title="Keith Gilyard">Keith Gilyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Thompson" title="Lucy Thompson">Lucy Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Field" title="Norma Field">Norma Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bacho" title="Peter Bacho">Peter Bacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalifornsky" title="Peter Kalifornsky">Peter Kalifornsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Andrews" title="Raymond Andrews">Raymond Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Scofield" title="Sandra Scofield">Sandra Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hamanaka" title="Sheila Hamanaka">Sheila Hamanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Klinkenborg" title="Verlyn Klinkenborg">Verlyn Klinkenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Branch" title="William B. Branch">William B. Branch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> / <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asake_Bomani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asake Bomani (page does not exist)">Asake Bomani</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belvie_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belvie Rooks (page does not exist)">Belvie Rooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mogil" title="Christopher Mogil">Christopher Mogil</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Woodrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Woodrow (page does not exist)">Peter Woodrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Giardina" title="Denise Giardina">Denise Giardina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Glancy" title="Diane Glancy">Diane Glancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Redmond" title="Eugene B. Redmond">Eugene B. Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Francisco X. Alarcón">Francisco X. Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Graff" title="Gerald Graff">Gerald Graff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Beatty" title="Jack Beatty">Jack Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leroy_V._Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leroy V. Quintana (page does not exist)">Leroy V. Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Peter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Peter (page does not exist)">Katherine Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninotchka_Rosca" title="Ninotchka Rosca">Ninotchka Rosca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giose_Rimanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giose Rimanelli (page does not exist)">Giose Rimanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Drooker" title="Eric Drooker">Eric Drooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Lim%C3%B3n" title="Graciela Limón">Graciela Limón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_J._Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory J. Reed (page does not exist)">Gregory J. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Campbell_Hale" title="Janet Campbell Hale">Janet Campbell Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Nelson" title="Jill Nelson">Jill Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_Fusao_Inada" title="Lawson Fusao Inada">Lawson Fusao Inada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Blackman" title="Nicole Blackman">Nicole Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Paul Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Takaki" title="Ronald Takaki">Ronald Takaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_L._Glickman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose L. Glickman (page does not exist)">Rose L. Glickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Villanueva" title="Tino Villanueva">Tino Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_L._Kroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia L. Kroll (page does not exist)">Virginia L. Kroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Rodriguez_(novelist)" title="Abraham Rodriguez (novelist)">Abraham Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Boyd" title="Herb Boyd">Herb Boyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Allen" title="Robert L. Allen">Robert L. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise Chavez">Denise Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton_(journalist)" title="John Egerton (journalist)">John Egerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(activist)" title="John Ross (activist)">John Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Avena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Avena (page does not exist)">Thomas Avena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Raymond (page does not exist)">Linda Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Young_Lee" title="Li-Young Lee">Li-Young Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianna_De_Marco_Torgovnick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianna De Marco Torgovnick (page does not exist)">Marianna De Marco Torgovnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnie_Mueller" title="Marnie Mueller">Marnie Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Quinn_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Quinn (author) (page does not exist)">Peter Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Martz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Martz (page does not exist)">Sandra Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Henry_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Henry Jr.">Gordon Henry Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Rose" title="Tricia Rose">Tricia Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Nesaule" title="Agate Nesaule">Agate Nesaule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sze" title="Arthur Sze">Arthur Sze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang-Rae_Lee" title="Chang-Rae Lee">Chang-Rae Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitra_Banerjee_Divakaruni" title="Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni">Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.J._Miller_Laino" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Miller Laino">E.J. Miller Laino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_C._Loury" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn C. Loury">Glenn C. Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Loewen" title="James W. Loewen">James W. Loewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiko_Hahn" title="Kimiko Hahn">Kimiko Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Espinosa" title="Maria Espinosa">Maria Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Viscusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Viscusi (page does not exist)">Robert Viscusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a></li> <li>Ron Sakolsky / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Weihan_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Weihan Ho">Fred Weihan Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Cowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie Cowell (page does not exist)">Stephanie Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gass" title="William H. Gass">William H. Gass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alurista" title="Alurista">Alurista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bell" title="Derrick Bell">Derrick Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Barresi" title="Dorothy Barresi">Dorothy Barresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Owens" title="Louis Owens">Louis Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Espada" title="Martín Espada">Martín Espada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserrat_Fontes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserrat Fontes (page does not exist)">Montserrat Fontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Ignatiev" title="Noel Ignatiev">Noel Ignatiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunaina_Maira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunaina Maira (page does not exist)">Sunaina Maira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulani_Davis" title="Thulani Davis">Thulani Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_De_Haven" title="Tom De Haven">Tom De Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Banks_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Banks (author) (page does not exist)">William M. Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Knight (page does not exist)">Brenda Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Adelle_Hedge_Coke" class="mw-redirect" title="Allison Adelle Hedge Coke">Allison Adelle Hedge Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Y._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marie_Osbey" title="Brenda Marie Osbey">Brenda Marie Osbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Barnes_(writer)" title="Jim Barnes (writer)">Jim Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rawles" title="Nancy Rawles">Nancy Rawles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Okja_Keller" title="Nora Okja Keller">Nora Okja Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Benitez" title="Sandra Benitez">Sandra Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_DeVeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott DeVeaux (page does not exist)">Scott DeVeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(poet)" title="Thomas Lynch (poet)">Thomas Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Linzer" title="Anna Linzer">Anna Linzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Ward_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Ward (author) (page does not exist)">Brian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Donald_Two-Rivers" title="E. Donald Two-Rivers">E. Donald Two-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwidge_Danticat" title="Edwidge Danticat">Edwidge Danticat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Roche" title="Judith Roche">Judith Roche</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg_McHutchison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meg McHutchison (page does not exist)">Meg McHutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gioia_Timpanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gioia Timpanelli (page does not exist)">Gioia Timpanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Naylor" title="Gloria Naylor">Gloria Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lipka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Lipka (page does not exist)">Jerry Lipka</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_V._Mohatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald V. Mohatt (page does not exist)">Gerald V. Mohatt</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciulistet_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciulistet Group (page does not exist)">Ciulistet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Ellis" title="Trey Ellis">Trey Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Novakovich" title="Josip Novakovich">Josip Novakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Flores" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauro Flores">Lauro Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alberto_Urrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís Alberto Urrea">Luís Alberto Urrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speer_Morgan" title="Speer Morgan">Speer Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gach" title="Gary Gach">Gary Gach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judith_Lowry" title="Judith Lowry">Judith Lowry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4705004#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4705004#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4705004#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1145915612">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80007959">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123527530">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123527530">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Young, Al <1939- >"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV004342">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup20020000113184&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p081752245">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007447164905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/557f9d75-d3f3-431b-b2b4-f71a579dc721">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032511779">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zg6t84">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&oldid=1246970340">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al_Young&oldid=1246970340</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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