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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate and environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emirate of Umm Al Quwain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Umm Al Quwain" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إمارة أم القيوين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارة أم القيوين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiratu_d%27Umm_al-Qaywayn" title="Emiratu d'Umm al-Qaywayn – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Emiratu d'Umm al-Qaywayn" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="উম্ম আল কোয়াইন আমিরাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উম্ম আল কোয়াইন আমিরাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain" title="Umm al-Quwain – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Umm al-Quwain" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC-%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Ум-эль-Кайвайн (эмірат) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ум-эль-Кайвайн (эмірат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Ум ал-Куейн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ум ал-Куейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain_(emirat)" title="Umm al-Quwain (emirat) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Umm al-Quwain (emirat)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaywayn" title="Umm al-Qaywayn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Umm al-Qaywayn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Umm al-Qaiwain – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al_Qaywayn_(emirato)" title="Umm al Qaywayn (emirato) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Umm al Qaywayn (emirato)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Kuvajn_(emir%C3%A1t)" title="Umm al-Kuvajn (emirát) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umm al-Kuvajn (emirát)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain_(emirat)" title="Umm al-Qaiwain (emirat) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain (emirat)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain_(Emirat)" title="Umm al-Qaiwain (Emirat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain (Emirat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaywayni_emiraat" title="Umm al-Qaywayni emiraat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Umm al-Qaywayni emiraat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaywayn" title="Umm al-Qaywayn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Umm al-Qaywayn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umalkajvajno" title="Umalkajvajno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Umalkajvajno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Umm al-Qaiwain – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="امارت ام‌القیوین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امارت ام‌القیوین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oumm_al_Qa%C3%AFwa%C3%AFn_(%C3%A9mirat)" title="Oumm al Qaïwaïn (émirat) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oumm al Qaïwaïn (émirat)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirato_de_Umm_al_Qaywayn" title="Emirato de Umm al Qaywayn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emirato de Umm al Qaywayn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%80%EC%95%8C%EC%BF%A0%EC%99%80%EC%9D%B8_%ED%86%A0%ED%9B%84%EA%B5%AD" title="움알쿠와인 토후국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="움알쿠와인 토후국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B4_%D5%A1%D5%AC-%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ումմ ալ-Կուվեյնի Էմիրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ումմ ալ-Կուվեյնի Էմիրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उम अल क्वैन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उम अल क्वैन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keamiran_Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Keamiran Umm al-Qaiwain – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keamiran Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BC-%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Умм-эль-Кайвайн (эмират) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Умм-эль-Кайвайн (эмират)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirato_di_Umm_al-Qaywayn" title="Emirato di Umm al-Qaywayn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emirato di Umm al-Qaywayn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אום אל-קיוין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אום אל-קיוין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="უმ-ელ-კაივაინის საამირო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უმ-ელ-კაივაინის საამირო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain" title="Umm al-Quwain – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umm al-Quwain" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BC_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Умм эль-Кайвайн (эмирлик) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Умм эль-Кайвайн (эмирлик)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ummelkaivainas_emir%C4%81ts" title="Ummelkaivainas emirāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ummelkaivainas emirāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al_Kaiwan" title="Umm al Kaiwan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Umm al Kaiwan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain" title="Umm al-Quwain – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Umm al-Quwain" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain_(emirata)" title="Umm al-Qaiwain (emirata) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain (emirata)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="ഉം അൽ കുവൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉം അൽ കുവൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4)" title="उम अल-कुवैन (अमिरात) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उम अल-कुवैन (अमिरात)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="უმ-ელ-ქაივაინიშ საამირო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უმ-ელ-ქაივაინიშ საამირო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ام‌القوین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ام‌القوین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiriah_Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Emiriah Umm al-Qaiwain – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emiriah Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain_(emiraat)" title="Umm al-Qaiwain (emiraat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain (emiraat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ウンム・アル＝カイワイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウンム・アル＝カイワイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain_(Emiraat)" title="Umm al-Qaiwain (Emiraat) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain (Emiraat)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Umm al-Qaiwain – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Umm al-Qaiwain – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉਮ ਅਲ-ਕਿਵੇਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਮ ਅਲ-ਕਿਵੇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA)" title="ام القوین (امارت) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ام القوین (امارت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain" title="Umm al-Quwain – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Umm al-Quwain" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Kajwajn_(emirat)" title="Umm al-Kajwajn (emirat) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Umm al-Kajwajn (emirat)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calu%C3%A3o" title="Caluão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caluão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiratul_Umm_Al-Qaiwain" title="Emiratul Umm Al-Qaiwain – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emiratul Umm Al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BC-%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Умм-эль-Кайвайн (эмират) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Умм-эль-Кайвайн (эмират)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Quwain" title="Umm al-Quwain – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Umm al-Quwain" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emirate of Umm Al Quwain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Kuvajn_(emir%C3%A1t)" title="Umm al-Kuvajn (emirát) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umm al-Kuvajn (emirát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="میرنشینی ئومولقیوەین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میرنشینی ئومولقیوەین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Ум ел Кајвејн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ум ел Кајвејн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um_al-Kuvain_(emirat)" title="Um al-Kuvain (emirat) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Um al-Kuvain (emirat)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Umm al-Qaiwain – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaywayn" title="Umm al-Qaywayn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Umm al-Qaywayn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qaiwain" title="Umm al-Qaiwain – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Umm al-Qaiwain" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="உம் அல்-குவைன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உம் அல்-குவைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Өммел-Кайвәйн (әмирлек) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Өммел-Кайвәйн (әмирлек)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐอุมม์อัลกุเวน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอุมม์อัลกุเวน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmm%C3%BC%27l-Kayveyn_(emirlik)" title="Ümmü'l-Kayveyn (emirlik) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ümmü'l-Kayveyn (emirlik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BC-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Умм-ель-Кайвайн (емірат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Умм-ель-Кайвайн (емірат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="امارت ام القیوین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امارت ام القیوین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Umm Al Quwain" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirato_han_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Emirato han Umm Al Quwain – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Emirato han Umm Al Quwain" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%A7%86%E7%9B%96%E4%B8%87" title="乌姆盖万 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌姆盖万" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um_Al_Quwain" title="Um Al Quwain – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Um Al Quwain" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86%E5%8F%A4%E6%BA%AB%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="歐姆古溫酋長國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐姆古溫酋長國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%A7%86%E8%93%8B%E8%90%AC%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="烏姆蓋萬酋長國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烏姆蓋萬酋長國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&params=25_59_11_N_55_56_24_E_region:AE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°59′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">55°56′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.98639°N 55.94000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.98639; 55.94000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Emirate, one of the constituents of the United Arab Emirates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the emirate. For the city, see <a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Emirate in United Arab Emirates</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Umm Al Quwain</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إِمَارَة أُمّ ٱلْقَيْوين</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Emirates of the United Arab Emirates">Emirate</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Umm Al Quwain"><img alt="Flag of Umm Al Quwain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/120px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/250px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Umm Al Quwain"><img alt="Coat of arms of Umm Al Quwain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Coat_of_Arms_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Coat_of_Arms_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="472" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Umm Al Quwain"><img alt="Official logo of Umm Al Quwain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg/100px-Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg/150px-Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg/200px-Logo_of_Umm_al_Quwain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="621" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Umm Al Quwain in the UAE"><img alt="251" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/250px-Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/375px-Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/500px-Umm_al-Quwain_in_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Umm Al Quwain in the UAE</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&params=25_59_11_N_55_56_24_E_region:AE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°59′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">55°56′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.98639°N 55.94000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.98639; 55.94000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm Al Quwain (city)">Umm Al Quwain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">federation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saud_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla">Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Al_Mualla" title="Al Mualla">Crown Prince</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rashid bin Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">755 km<sup>2</sup> (292 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">6th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2007)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">7th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">72,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-TelluBase_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelluBase-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 0.7 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 7,700 (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> (UAE Standard Time)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Emirate of Umm Al Quwain</b> (UAQ; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أم القيوين</span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ʔumː<span class="wrap"> </span>alqejˈwejn]</a></span>) is one of the <a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Emirates of the United Arab Emirates">seven constituent emirates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located in the north of the country. It is the second smallest and least populous emirate in the UAE<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and borders the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. Umm Al Quwain lies between Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah/Ajman on the west coast.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a coastline stretching to 24 km (15 miles).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had 72,000 inhabitants in 2007 and has an area of 770 km<sup>2</sup> (300 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Emirate of Umm Al Quwain was formed in 1775, when Sheikh Majid Al Mualla established it as an independent sheikhdom.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emirate is now ruled by <a href="/wiki/Saud_bin_Rashid_Al_Mu%27alla" class="mw-redirect" title="Saud bin Rashid Al Mu'alla">Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla</a>. The current crown prince is Rashid bin Saud bin Rashid Al Mua'lla, and the deputy ruler is <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla_III" title="Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla III">Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla III</a>. </p><p>The emirate consists in the main of the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a> and the inland oasis town of <a href="/wiki/Falaj_Al_Mualla" title="Falaj Al Mualla">Falaj Al Mualla</a>, some 30 km (19 miles) from the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Population of the Emirate is 49,159 according to the census of December 2005. The city of Umm Al Quwain is the capital of the Emirate.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike some of its neighbours, Umm Al Quwain has not made any significant find of oil or gas in its territory and depends on revenue from hotels, parks and tourism,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fisheries and general trading activities<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain_Free_Zone" title="Umm Al Quwain Free Zone">Umm Al Quwain Free Zone</a> (UAQFTZ)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based at Port Ahmed Bin Rashid. </p><p>A number of government initiatives and strategies have been put in place to incentivise growth in trade and industrial activity in the emirate, including a 2018 move to reduce government fees to business and waive fines and violations levied against businesses which had not renewed their trade licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:17_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multiple theories have been established on the etymology of the name Umm Al Quwain. The most accepted meaning is that the name means "mother of the two powers" - from the phrase "Umm Al Quwatain" (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ام القوتين</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Umm Al Quwatain</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'The mother of two powers'). The two powers here are usually indicated as the two forms of geographical powers. Locals describe it as the richness of activities both on land and water, others refer to it as the two powers of economy and agriculture. Another theory is that the word "Quwain" is inspired by an Arabic word "Qawn" meaning ‘iron‘. Therefore, some believe that it may refer to iron in the place.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_prehistory">History and prehistory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Emirate of Umm Al Quwain holds significant archaeological interest, with major finds at both <a href="/wiki/Tell_Abraq" title="Tell Abraq">Tell Abraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed-Dur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed-Dur">Ed-Dur</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pointing to significant <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near Eastern cities</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arrowheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrowheads">Arrowheads</a> and other polished <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> tools have been unearthed in various sites across the UAE while pieces of <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid Age</a> pottery have been unearthed along the shores of the emirate. All evidence obtained so far indicate that contact with <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> existed as early as the 5th millennium BC, as an indigenous <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> industry, did not emerge until the 3rd century BC. </p><p>Finds at both Tell Abraq and Ed-Dur show habitation in the area throughout the Bronze Age, from the <a href="/wiki/Hafit_period" title="Hafit period">Hafit period</a>, through the <a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Nar_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm al-Nar culture">Umm Al Nar</a> period and the later <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Suq_culture" title="Wadi Suq culture">Wadi Suq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates">Iron I, II and III ages</a>. Finds also link Ed-Dur with the inland settlement of <a href="/wiki/Mleiha_Archaeological_Centre" title="Mleiha Archaeological Centre">Mleiha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially distinctive burials of animals with their heads turned back on their bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant trading links with both the western <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> culture and the eastern <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley</a> culture are displayed at these sites,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the semi-nomadic <a href="/wiki/Magan_(civilization)" title="Magan (civilization)">Magan</a> people smelting bronze mined in the <a href="/wiki/Hajar_Mountains" title="Hajar Mountains">Hajar Mountains</a> and then shipping the smelted ore.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Macedonian coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, while hundreds of coins have been found bearing the name of Abi'el.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2019, 15 tombs, bronze statues, settlement remains, jewellery and pottery, dating back to the 1st century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>, were unearthed here.<sup id="cite_ref-GulfNews_03-2019_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GulfNews_03-2019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought Ed-Dur is the site of <i>Omana</i>, mentioned by both <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger" title="Pliny the Younger">Pliny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> as an important town in the Lower Persian Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Bronze Age, agriculture flourished, with dates being the prominent crop. Wheat, millet and other grains were also cultivated wherever there was enough water for irrigation. It is now widely believed that the climate during the period was more temperate than now.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022 the remains of a 6th/7th Century Eastern Christian monastery were found on Umm Al Quwain's <a href="/wiki/Siniyah_Island" title="Siniyah Island">Siniyah Island</a> and in 2023, extensive remains of what stands as the oldest pearl diving town in the Persian Gulf were found on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:19_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern history of Umm Al Quwain began some 200 years ago when the <a href="/wiki/Al_Ali_(tribe)" title="Al Ali (tribe)">Al Ali tribe</a> moved their capital from Siniyah Island to its current location in the mid-18th century due to declining water resources. After that, in 1775, Umm Al Quwain was declared an independent Sheikhdom.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siniyah was eventually abandoned following bombardment by British forces during the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">Persian Gulf Campaign of 1819</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg/250px-Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg/330px-Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg/500px-Umm_Al_Quwain_Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3561" /></a><figcaption>The protective wall and watchtowers guarding the old town of Umm Al Quwain</figcaption></figure> <p>The Emirate of Umm Al Quwain was the site of a <a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort" title="Umm Al Quwain Fort">fort</a> built in 1768 by the founder of the modern <a href="/wiki/Al_Mualla" title="Al Mualla">Al Mualla</a> dynasty, Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Majid_Al_Mualla" title="Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla">Rashid bin Majid</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Ali_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ali (tribe)">Al Ali tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fort was the site of a coup in 1929. Sheikh Hamad Bin Ibrahim Al Mualla was assassinated by one of his blind uncle’s servants. The townsfolk, not liking the new leadership, rose and set fire to the fort, killing the usurpers, putting Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla in power. The fort has since been restored and now houses the Umm Al Quwain National Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 January 1820, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla">Abdullah bin Rashid</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">General Maritime Treaty</a> with the United Kingdom, thus accepting a <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorate</a> in order to keep the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a> out. Like <a href="/wiki/Ajman" title="Ajman">Ajman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a>, its position on the route to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> made it important enough to be recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Salute_state" title="Salute state">salute state</a> with a three gun salute.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1908, <a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_Lorimer_(1870%E2%80%931914)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gordon Lorimer (1870–1914)">J. G. Lorimer</a>'s famous survey of the <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial Coast</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Gazetteer_of_the_Persian_Gulf,_Oman_and_Central_Arabia" title="Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia">Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia</a></i>, had Umm Al Quwain listed as a town of some 5,000 inhabitants and identified as the major boat-building centre on the coast, producing some 20 boats a year compared to 10 in Dubai and 5 in Sharjah.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 December 1971, Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla">Ahmad bin Rashid</a> joined its neighbors <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a>, Ajman and <a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Fujairah</a> in forming the United Arab Emirates, with Ras Al-Khaimah joining later in early 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn;_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn%3B_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg/250px-Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn%3B_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn%3B_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg/330px-Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn%3B_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn%3B_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg/500px-Antiguo_pasaporte_del_emirato_de_Umm_al-Qaywayn%3B_%C3%A9poca_del_protectora_brit%C3%A1nico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2761" data-file-height="2017" /></a><figcaption>1972 Umm Al Qawain <a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Petrochemicals">Petrochemicals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Petrochemicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American oil company <a href="/wiki/Occidental_Petroleum" title="Occidental Petroleum">Occidental</a> acquired a concession to search for oil in Umm Al Quwain territorial waters on 19 November 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occidental proposed drilling an exploratory well nine miles from the island of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa" title="Abu Musa">Abu Musa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> in what it considered to be Umm Al Quwain waters. However, this conflicted with a 12-mile territorial limit claimed by <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a>. On 15 May 1970, the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British</a> authorities referred the dispute to arbitration, but ruled that Occidental could continue to drill. On 20 May, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> informed the British that it laid claim to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa" title="Abu Musa">Abu Musa</a> and the two <a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Tunbs</a>' islands, and would intercede if Occidental continued to drill. The British proposed a three-month suspension of drilling pending the outcome of arbitration, a decision enforced by a British <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweeper</a>, which intercepted Occidental's drilling platform and moved it out of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agreement between Sharjah and Iran over the island of Abu Musa, made on 29 November 1971 and the subsequent invasion of the islands on 30 November 1971 rendered the issue moot. Occidental would never find oil under its Umm Al Quwain concession.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue was subsequently settled by an informal agreement, which granted Umm Al Quwain 15% share of the oil revenues from the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulers">Rulers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The successive rulers of Umm Al Quwain were:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1768–1820: <a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Majid_Al_Mualla" title="Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla">Sheikh Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla</a></li> <li>1820–1853: <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla">Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla</a> (b.1794)</li> <li>1853–1873: <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abdullah_Al_Mualla" title="Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla">Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla</a> (b.1824 – d.1873)</li> <li>1873–1904: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Abdullah_Al_Mualla" title="Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla">Sheikh Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla</a> (b. 1832 – d. 1904)</li> <li>13 June 1904 – 1922: <a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Ahmad_Al_Mualla" title="Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla">Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla</a> (b. 1876 – d. 1922)</li> <li>1922 – October 1923: <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla_II" title="Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II">Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II</a></li> <li>October 1923 – 9 February 1929: <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Ibrahim_Al_Mualla" title="Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla">Sheikh Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla</a></li> <li>9 February 1929 – 21 February 1981: Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla">Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla</a> (b. 1904 – d. 1981)</li> <li>21 February 1981 – 2 January 2009: <a href="/wiki/Rashid_bin_Ahmad_Al_Mualla_II" title="Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla II">Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla</a> II (b. 1932 – d. 2009)</li> <li>2 January 2009–present: Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Saud_bin_Rashid_Al_Mualla" title="Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla">Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla</a> (b. 1952)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,426</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,285</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,361</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2005 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,159</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.72%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Citypopulation<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_business">Economy and business</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy and business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umm Al Quwain was relying heavily on sources of revenue from hotels, parks, and tourism. In 2011, tourism and trade were given the top priority in the Umm Al Quwain's Government Strategy 2011-2013 to support small- and mid-sized business space and the fisheries sector to help make the emirate attractive to foreign investment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vision_2021">Vision 2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vision 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the government launched Umm Al Quwain Vision 2021 to implement comprehensive structural development through programs and initiatives and provide high-quality living standards for a cohesive society.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vision comprises five main pillars: </p> <ul><li>A sustainable and diversified economy;</li> <li>Social solidarity</li> <li>Attractive tourism</li> <li>Excellent infrastructure, and</li> <li>Innovative government.</li></ul> <p>The government business initiatives and programs serve as a medium to support local businesses and industries to grow and boost partnerships with the private sector to build an economy based on knowledge, research, and development.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_trade_zone">Free trade zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Free trade zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Free Trade Zone of Umm Al Quwain (UAQ FTZ) was established in 1987. It was previously known as Ahmed Bin Rashid Port and Free Zone. The UAQ Free Trade Zone has been awarded the winner of the Qadat Al Tagheer Award for the “Best Free Zone for Start-ups and SMEs” at the 5th UAE - India Economic Forum (UIEF) in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_and_environment">Climate and environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Umm al-Quwain </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.138em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.64em;height:2.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.74em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.026em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.84em;height:2.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.18em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.052em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.3em;height:2.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.78em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.052em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.06em;height:2.64em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.84em;height:2.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.62em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">38</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.3em;height:2.64em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.94em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.88em;height:2.36em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:16.24em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">41</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.002em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.84em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:16.24em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">41</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.22em;height:2.54em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.54em;height:2.54em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.08em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.136em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.74em;height:2.32em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.06em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">30</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.24em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.192em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">9.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.96em;height:2.22em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.18em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.46em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: none; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.138em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.64em;height:2.1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.74em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">75</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">56</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.026em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.84em;height:2.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.18em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.34em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">58</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.052em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.3em;height:2.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.78em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">62</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.052em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.06em;height:2.64em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">92</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.84em;height:2.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.62em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">101</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.34em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">76</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.3em;height:2.64em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.94em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">103</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.88em;height:2.36em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:16.24em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">106</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">85</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.002em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.84em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:16.24em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">106</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.34em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">85</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.22em;height:2.54em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">102</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.54em;height:2.54em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:15.08em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">96</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.136em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.74em;height:2.32em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.06em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">87</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.24em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.192em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.96em;height:2.22em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.18em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.46em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During November to March, the average temperature is 27 °C (81 °F) by day and 15 °C (59 °F) at night, but it can rise to over 40 °C (104 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the peak of the summer and when humidity levels are high. The rainfall is minimal and averages 42 mm (1.7 in) a year. The coastline experiences cooling <a href="/wiki/Sea_breezes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea breezes">sea breezes</a> during the day.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg/220px-Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg/330px-Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg/440px-Desert_in_Umm_al-Quwain_20060531.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">desert</a> landscape of Umm Al-Quwain</figcaption></figure> <p>Al Sinniyah island, close to the city of Umm Al Quwain is home to the UAE's largest <a href="/wiki/Socotra_cormorant" title="Socotra cormorant">Socotra cormorant</a> colony, with over 15,000 pairs making it the third largest colony in the world. <a href="/wiki/Arabian_gazelle" title="Arabian gazelle">Arabian gazelles</a> have been introduced to Sinniyah and appear to be prospering. Marine life is remarkable for its abundance and diversity. <a href="/wiki/Blacktip_reef_sharks" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacktip reef sharks">Blacktip reef sharks</a> patrol the outer shoreline, while <a href="/wiki/Green_turtles" class="mw-redirect" title="Green turtles">green turtles</a> are ubiquitous in the inner leads in particular. Between Al Sinniyah and the mainland is <a href="/wiki/Khor_Al_Beidah" title="Khor Al Beidah">Khor Al Beidah</a>, an expansive area of sand and mud flats of international importance for its waterfowl. Although not formally protected, the island of Sinaiyah, along with Khor Al Beidah, is one of the largest areas of undisturbed and varied coastal environment remaining anywhere in the UAE.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UAE culture mainly revolves around the religion of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and traditional <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">Arab culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of Islamic and Arab culture on its architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to prayer from the <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minarets</a> of mosques which are scattered around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2006, the weekend has been Friday-Saturday, as a compromise between Friday's holiness to Muslims and the Western weekend of Saturday-Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg/250px-Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg/330px-Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg/500px-Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort_today.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3719" data-file-height="2271" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort" title="Umm Al Quwain Fort">Umm Al Quwain Fort</a></figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain_Fort" title="Umm Al Quwain Fort">Umm Al Quwain Fort</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> which was once home to the emirate's ruler and guarded the entrance to the old town, overseeing the sea on one side and the creek on the other. It eventually became a police station then a museum. The museum now houses artifacts found at important nearby sites including Ed-Dur and houses a collection of weapons that were used through the emirate's history. It is located near a Masjid (Mosque) in Umm Al Quwain Bazaar.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Old Harbour: An old <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbour</a> located in the old town overlooking the traditional dhow building yard where skilled craftsmen continue to assemble these traditional boats. The harbor is surrounded by old coral stone houses that display features of the original architecture and intricate sculptured plaster work.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Islands of Umm Al Quwain: Islands that lie to the east of the mainland peninsula on a unique stretch of coastline consisting of sandy islands surrounded by dense <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> forests, separated by a series of <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">creeks</a>. The largest of the seven islands is Sinniyah, followed by Jazirat Al Ghallah and Al Keabe, all of which are visible from the old town. Tucked in between these and the coastal plains are the smaller islands of Al Sow, Al Qaram, Al Humaidi, Al Chewria and Al Harmala. The Madaar creek that runs between the islands provides a navigable waterway for fisherman even at low tide when the average depth is less than a few feet.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ed-Dur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed-Dur">Ed-Dur</a>: Located to the north of Umm Al Quwain, the ancient city of Ed-Dur is considered the largest pre-Islamic site on the Persian Gulf coast.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two public monuments at Ed-Dour, a small square fort with round corner towers and a small square temple dedicated to the Semitic sun god <a href="/wiki/Shamash" title="Shamash">Shamash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is not open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dreamland Aqua Park: is located on the coastline of Umm Al Quwain; about 40 minutes drive from Dubai, with 250 ha (620 acres) expanse of landscaped gardens and over 30 rides, slides, and attractions. The Park is operated all year round with a daily capacity of ten thousand visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_31-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates">Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain_University" title="Umm Al Quwain University">Umm Al Quwain University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TelluBase-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TelluBase_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_are.pdf">"TelluBase—UAE Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&rft.atitle=48+interesting+facts+for+the+UAE%27s+48th+National+Day&rft.date=2019-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fuae%2F48-interesting-facts-for-the-uaes-48th-national-day-1.1574666872977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31986651">"Where on Earth is Umm al Qaiwain?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921024756/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31986651">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Where+on+Earth+is+Umm+al+Qaiwain%3F&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-31986651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whichschooladvisor.com/uae/area-guide/umm-al-quwain">"Umm al-Quwain"</a>. <i>whichschooladvisor.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125204851/https://whichschooladvisor.com/uae/area-guide/umm-al-quwain">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whichschooladvisor.com&rft.atitle=Umm+al-Quwain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhichschooladvisor.com%2Fuae%2Farea-guide%2Fumm-al-quwain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-seven-emirates/umm-al-quwain">"Umm Al Quwain - The Official Portal of the UAE Government"</a>. <i>u.ae</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420042349/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-seven-emirates/umm-al-quwain">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=u.ae&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+-+The+Official+Portal+of+the+UAE+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fu.ae%2Fen%2Fabout-the-uae%2Fthe-seven-emirates%2Fumm-al-quwain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com/en/state/UmlalQuwain/">"Emirate of Umm Al Quwain"</a>. <i>www.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921004456/http://ourallegiancetokhalifa.com/en/State/UmlalQuwain/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com&rft.atitle=Emirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com%2Fen%2Fstate%2FUmlalQuwain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guide2dubai.com/visiting/emirates/umm-al-quwain">"Emirate of Umm Al Quwain UAE - Tourist Information and Attractions"</a>. <i>www.guide2dubai.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921114148/https://www.guide2dubai.com/visiting/emirates/umm-al-quwain">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.guide2dubai.com&rft.atitle=Emirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain+UAE+-+Tourist+Information+and+Attractions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guide2dubai.com%2Fvisiting%2Femirates%2Fumm-al-quwain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7XCxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105"><i>United Arab Emirates Land Ownership and Property Laws Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Dubai Property Laws</i></a>. International Business Publications USA. June 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6019-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6019-3"><bdi>978-1-4387-6019-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221211113822/https://books.google.com/books?id=7XCxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+Arab+Emirates+Land+Ownership+and+Property+Laws+Handbook+Volume+1+Strategic+Information+and+Dubai+Property+Laws&rft.pub=International+Business+Publications+USA&rft.date=2015-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-6019-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7XCxDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeard-Bey2005" class="citation book cs1">Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). <i>From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition (1941-)</i>. London: Motivate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860631672" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860631672"><bdi>978-1860631672</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/64689681">64689681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Trucial+States+to+United+Arab+Emirates+%3A+a+society+in+transition+%281941-%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Motivate&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F64689681&rft.isbn=978-1860631672&rft.aulast=Heard-Bey&rft.aufirst=Frauke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com/en/state/UmlalQuwain/">"Emirate of Umm Al Quwain"</a>. <i>www.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921004456/http://ourallegiancetokhalifa.com/en/State/UmlalQuwain/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com&rft.atitle=Emirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourallegiancetokhalifa.com%2Fen%2Fstate%2FUmlalQuwain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/10-things-to-do-umm-al-quwain/">"Top 10 things to do in Umm Al Quwain: History, Sports & More | MyBayut"</a>. <i>A blog about homes, trends, tips & life in the UAE | MyBayut</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921113621/https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/10-things-to-do-umm-al-quwain/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+blog+about+homes%2C+trends%2C+tips+%26+life+in+the+UAE+%7C+MyBayut&rft.atitle=Top+10+things+to+do+in+Umm+Al+Quwain%3A+History%2C+Sports+%26+More+%7C+MyBayut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayut.com%2Fmybayut%2F10-things-to-do-umm-al-quwain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://government.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-seven-emirates/umm-al-quwain">"Umm Al Quwain - The Official Portal of the UAE Government"</a>. <i>government.ae</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093344/https://government.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-seven-emirates/umm-al-quwain">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=government.ae&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+-+The+Official+Portal+of+the+UAE+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovernment.ae%2Fen%2Fabout-the-uae%2Fthe-seven-emirates%2Fumm-al-quwain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNair2011" class="citation news cs1">Nair, Manoj (7 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/business/economy/tourism-and-trade-the-top-priorities-in-umm-al-quwain-1.788490">"Tourism and trade the top priorities in Umm Al Quwain"</a>. <i>GulfNews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093433/https://gulfnews.com/business/economy/tourism-and-trade-the-top-priorities-in-umm-al-quwain-1.788490">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GulfNews&rft.atitle=Tourism+and+trade+the+top+priorities+in+Umm+Al+Quwain&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Manoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Ftourism-and-trade-the-top-priorities-in-umm-al-quwain-1.788490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uaqftz.com/uaqftz/">"UAQ Free Trade Zone | Business Licences | Umm Al Quwain, Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Ajman & RAK :: uaq ftz"</a>. <i>uaqftz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724123603/http://uaqftz.com/uaqftz/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uaqftz.com&rft.atitle=UAQ+Free+Trade+Zone+%7C+Business+Licences+%7C+Umm+Al+Quwain%2C+Dubai%2C+Sharjah%2C+Abu+Dhabi%2C+Ajman+%26+RAK+%3A%3A+uaq+ftz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuaqftz.com%2Fuaqftz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Report2018" class="citation news cs1">Staff Report (5 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/business/economy/umm-al-quwain-to-slash-cost-of-doing-business-in-emirate-1.2216835">"Umm Al Quwain to slash cost of doing business in emirate"</a>. <i>GulfNews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724093342/https://gulfnews.com/business/economy/umm-al-quwain-to-slash-cost-of-doing-business-in-emirate-1.2216835">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GulfNews&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+to+slash+cost+of+doing+business+in+emirate&rft.date=2018-05-05&rft.au=Staff+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fumm-al-quwain-to-slash-cost-of-doing-business-in-emirate-1.2216835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/local-governments-strategies-and-plans/umm-al-quwain-vision-2021">"Umm Al Quwain Vision 2021 - The Official Portal of the UAE Government"</a>. <i>u.ae</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213108/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/local-governments-strategies-and-plans/umm-al-quwain-vision-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=u.ae&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+Vision+2021+-+The+Official+Portal+of+the+UAE+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fu.ae%2Fen%2Fabout-the-uae%2Fstrategies-initiatives-and-awards%2Flocal-governments-strategies-and-plans%2Fumm-al-quwain-vision-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428121114/https://www.futurearab.com/umm-al-quwain-meaning/">"Umm Al Quwain Meaning History Facts And Tourism"</a>. <i>futurearab.com</i>. 22 November 2017. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=futurearab.com&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+Meaning+History+Facts+And+Tourism&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.futurearab.com%2Fumm-al-quwain-meaning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDudley2019" class="citation web cs1">Dudley, Dominic (6 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/12/06/where-middle-east-countries-get-their-names/#42f7c6f149e2">"Where Middle East Countries Get Their Names From"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428063449/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/12/06/where-middle-east-countries-get-their-names/#42f7c6f149e2">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft.atitle=Where+Middle+East+Countries+Get+Their+Names+From&rft.date=2019-12-06&rft.aulast=Dudley&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdominicdudley%2F2019%2F12%2F06%2Fwhere-middle-east-countries-get-their-names%2F%2342f7c6f149e2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/heritage-culture/archaeologists-strike-gold-in-umm-al-quwain-1.69034">"Archaeologists strike gold in Umm Al Quwain"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expat+Media&rft.atitle=15+tombs%2C+artefacts+uncovered+in+Umm+Al+Quwain&rft.date=2019-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatmedia.net%2Flook-archaeologists-dug-umm-al-quwain%2F2019%2F03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gulf-insider.com/uae-2000-year-old-tombs-uncovered-in-umm-al-quwain/">"UAE: 2,000-Year-Old Tombs Uncovered In Umm Al Quwain"</a>. <i>Gulf Insider</i>. 31 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129230800/https://www.gulf-insider.com/uae-2000-year-old-tombs-uncovered-in-umm-al-quwain/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Their+world+was+the+oyster%3A+Oldest+pearl+town+found+in+UAE&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Farchaeology-uae-oldest-pearling-town-e22516065e1a596eabaa5dad27e2b28f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:16_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://incorporationhouse.com/business-set-up-in-umm-al-quwain/">"BUSINESS SET UP IN UMM AL QUWAIN | Incorporation House"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213133/http://incorporationhouse.com/business-set-up-in-umm-al-quwain/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BUSINESS+SET+UP+IN+UMM+AL+QUWAIN+%7C+Incorporation+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fincorporationhouse.com%2Fbusiness-set-up-in-umm-al-quwain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/pope-francis-religion-dubai-united-arab-emirates-abu-dhabi-9d660941b79c99bbdb986b81453d8c9d">"Christian monastery possibly pre-dating Islam found in UAE"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. 3 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Christian+monastery+possibly+pre-dating+Islam+found+in+UAE&rft.date=2022-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpope-francis-religion-dubai-united-arab-emirates-abu-dhabi-9d660941b79c99bbdb986b81453d8c9d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mydaytrip.com/discover/location/umm-al-quwain-fort">"Umm Al Quwain Fort"</a>. <i>mydaytrip.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926121002/https://mydaytrip.com/discover/location/umm-al-quwain-fort">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mydaytrip.com&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+Fort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmydaytrip.com%2Fdiscover%2Flocation%2Fumm-al-quwain-fort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/umm-al-quwain-museum-guide/">"Umm Al Quwain Museum and Fort: Exhibits, Timings & More - MyBayut"</a>. <i>A blog about homes, trends, tips & life in the UAE | MyBayut</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926122504/https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/umm-al-quwain-museum-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+blog+about+homes%2C+trends%2C+tips+%26+life+in+the+UAE+%7C+MyBayut&rft.atitle=Umm+Al+Quwain+Museum+and+Fort%3A+Exhibits%2C+Timings+%26+More+-+MyBayut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayut.com%2Fmybayut%2Fumm-al-quwain-museum-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldstatesmen.org/United_Arab_Emirates.html">"United Arab Emirates"</a>. <i>www.worldstatesmen.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819150526/http://worldstatesmen.org/United_Arab_Emirates.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldstatesmen.org&rft.atitle=United+Arab+Emirates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FUnited_Arab_Emirates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLorimer1908" class="citation book cs1">Lorimer, John (1908). <i>Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia</i>. Calcutta: Government of India. p. 1441.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+the+Persian+Gulf%2C+Oman+and+Central+Arabia&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=1441&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Lorimer&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUlrichsen2016" class="citation book cs1">Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates (1 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qEUlDwAAQBAJ&q=By+1908,++Oman+and+Central+Arabia,+had+Umm+Al+Quwain+listed+as+a+town+of+some+5,000+inhabitants&pg=PA26"><i>The United Arab Emirates: Power, Politics and Policy-Making</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-60310-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-60310-8"><bdi>978-1-317-60310-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220101551/https://books.google.com/books?id=qEUlDwAAQBAJ&q=By+1908,++Oman+and+Central+Arabia,+had+Umm+Al+Quwain+listed+as+a+town+of+some+5,000+inhabitants&pg=PA26">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Arab+Emirates%3A+Power%2C+Politics+and+Policy-Making&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-317-60310-8&rft.aulast=Ulrichsen&rft.aufirst=Kristian+Coates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqEUlDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBy%2B1908%2C%2B%2BOman%2Band%2BCentral%2BArabia%2C%2Bhad%2BUmm%2BAl%2BQuwain%2Blisted%2Bas%2Ba%2Btown%2Bof%2Bsome%2B5%2C000%2Binhabitants%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAskari2013" class="citation book cs1">Askari, Hossein (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/9781137353771.pdf"><i>Collaborative Colonialism</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137353771">10.1057/9781137353771</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-46974-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-46974-1"><bdi>978-1-349-46974-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collaborative+Colonialism&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137353771&rft.isbn=978-1-349-46974-1&rft.aulast=Askari&rft.aufirst=Hossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.1057%2F9781137353771.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.na.ae/en/archives/historicalperiods/union.aspx">"The formation of the Union"</a>. <i>National Archives UAE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909102613/https://www.na.ae/en/archives/historicalperiods/union.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives+UAE&rft.atitle=The+formation+of+the+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.na.ae%2Fen%2Farchives%2Fhistoricalperiods%2Funion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/founders-of-the-union">"Founders of the Union - The Official Portal of the UAE Government"</a>. <i>u.ae</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918223453/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/founders-of-the-union">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=u.ae&rft.atitle=Founders+of+the+Union+-+The+Official+Portal+of+the+UAE+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fu.ae%2Fen%2Fabout-the-uae%2Ffounders-of-the-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/significant-dates-in-uae-history-1.357047">"Significant dates in UAE history"</a>. <i>The National</i>. 2 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220101552/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/significant-dates-in-uae-history-1.357047/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Significant+dates+in+UAE+history&rft.date=2012-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fuae%2Fsignificant-dates-in-uae-history-1.357047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeard-Bey2005" class="citation book cs1">Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). <i>From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: a society in transition (1941-)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.holidify.com&rft.atitle=Al+Sinniyah+Islands%2C+Umm+Al+Quwain+-+Photos+%26+More+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.holidify.com%2Fplaces%2Fumm-al-quwain%2Fal-sinniyah-island-sightseeing-1254945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trawell.in/united-arab-emirates/ajman/seneyah-al-sinniyah-island">"Seneyah / Al Sinniyah Island, Ajman - Timings, Accessibility, Best time to visit"</a>. <i>Trawell.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926093635/https://www.trawell.in/united-arab-emirates/ajman/seneyah-al-sinniyah-island">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+the+Iconic+Umm+Al+Quwain%21+%E2%80%93+UAE+Business+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuaebusiness.com%2F2019%2F05%2F09%2Fumm-al-quwain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sea-seek.com/en/Khwr-Umm-Al-Qaywayn-port-">"Khwr Umm Al Qaywayn port"</a>. <i>www.sea-seek.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926121409/https://www.sea-seek.com/en/Khwr-Umm-Al-Qaywayn-port-">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+a+new+industry&rft.pub=Gulfnews.com&rft.date=2010-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf%2Fuae%2Feducation%2Fheritage-a-new-industry-1.652627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetware.com/united-arab-emirates/al-dur-uae-uaq-dur.htm">"Al Dur, United Arab Emirates"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Dur%2C+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.pub=Planetware.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetware.com%2Funited-arab-emirates%2Fal-dur-uae-uaq-dur.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF7toucans" class="citation web cs1">7toucans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://7toucans.com/en/things-to-do-when-traveling/asia/united-arab-emirates-uae/umm-al-quwain/6668-archaeological-site-ed-dur">"Archaeological Site Ed-Dur"</a>. <i>7toucans | Share your travel experience</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928152009/https://7toucans.com/en/things-to-do-when-traveling/asia/united-arab-emirates-uae/umm-al-quwain/6668-archaeological-site-ed-dur">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Dreamland+Aqua+Park&rft.pub=Dreamlanduae.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamlanduae.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g312739-d2394831-Reviews-Dreamland_Aqua_Park-Umm_Al_Quwain_Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.html">"Dreamland Aqua Park (Umm Al Quwain) - 2021 All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (with Photos)"</a>. <i>Tripadvisor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928152316/https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g312739-d2394831-Reviews-Dreamland_Aqua_Park-Umm_Al_Quwain_Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tripadvisor&rft.atitle=Dreamland+Aqua+Park+%28Umm+Al+Quwain%29+-+2021+All+You+Need+to+Know+BEFORE+You+Go+%28with+Photos%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FAttraction_Review-g312739-d2394831-Reviews-Dreamland_Aqua_Park-Umm_Al_Quwain_Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/guide-dreamland-aqua-park-uaq/">"A Complete Guide to Dreamland Aqua Park Umm Al Quwain - MyBayut"</a>. <i>A blog about homes, trends, tips & life in the UAE | MyBayut</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928152314/https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/guide-dreamland-aqua-park-uaq/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+blog+about+homes%2C+trends%2C+tips+%26+life+in+the+UAE+%7C+MyBayut&rft.atitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Dreamland+Aqua+Park+Umm+Al+Quwain+-+MyBayut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayut.com%2Fmybayut%2Fguide-dreamland-aqua-park-uaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirate+of+Umm+Al+Quwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Emirate_of_Umm_al-Quwain" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Emirate of Umm al-Quwain">Emirate of Umm al-Quwain</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain#Q175021" class="extiw" title="voy:Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Umm al-Quwain</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Khaimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al-Khaimah">Ras al-Khaimah</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharjah_(emirate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharjah (emirate)">Sharjah</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Template:Emirate of Umm Al Quwain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Template talk:Emirate of Umm Al Quwain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emirate of Umm Al Quwain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Emirate_of_Umm_Al_Quwain158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Umm_al-Qaiwain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Umm Al Quwain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Rafaah" title="Al Rafaah">Al Rafaah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Salamah,_Umm_Al_Quwain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Salamah, Umm Al Quwain (page does not exist)">Al Salamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falaj_Al_Mualla" title="Falaj Al Mualla">Falaj Al Mualla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labsah" title="Labsah">Labsah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khawr_al_Baydah" title="Khawr al Baydah">Khawr al Baydah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="28px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Arab_Emirates&#124;link=United_Arab_Emirates_Major_cities_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UAE_cities" title="Template:UAE cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UAE_cities" title="Template talk:UAE cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UAE_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UAE cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="28px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Arab_Emirates&#124;link=United_Arab_Emirates_Major_cities_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates418" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/56px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Major cities of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ain" title="Al Ain">Al Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madinat_Zayed" title="Madinat Zayed">Madinat Zayed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhaid" title="Dhaid">Dhaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajman" title="Ajman">Ajman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Umm Al Quwain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Fujairah" title="Dibba Al-Fujairah">Dibba Al-Fujairah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Fujairah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="28px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Arab_Emirates&#124;link=United_Arab_Emirates_Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Template:Emirates of the United Arab Emirates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Template talk:Emirates of the United Arab Emirates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emirates of the United Arab Emirates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="28px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Arab_Emirates&#124;link=United_Arab_Emirates_Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/56px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Emirates of the United Arab Emirates">Emirates of the United Arab Emirates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emirates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sharjah" title="Emirate of Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Umm Al Quwain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajman" title="Ajman">Ajman City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Fujairah City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Ras Al Khaimah City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Al_Quwain" title="Umm Al Quwain">Umm Al Quwain City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Arab_Emirates" title="Portal:United Arab Emirates">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175021#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata769" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175021#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata769" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175021#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132522106">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4305160-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80083554">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552505305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/UprQ7P35">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, 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