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airflow resistance</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: specific airflow resistance"> <meta name="keywords" content="specific airflow resistance"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="specific airflow resistance"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10684</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: specific airflow resistance</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10684</span> Improvement in Acoustic Performance at Low Frequency via Application of Acoustic Resistance of Vented Hole in In-Ear Earphones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Hsuan%20Lei">Tzu-Hsuan Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Chien%20Wu"> Shu-Chien Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang-Che%20Lo"> Kuang-Che Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Chi%20Liu"> Shu-Chi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Cheng%20Liu"> Yu-Cheng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of this study was on the effects of air propagation associated with vented holes on acoustic resistance properties. A cylindrical hole with diameter and depth of 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively, was the research target. By constructing a finite element analytical model of its sound field properties, the acoustic-specific airflow resistance relationships were obtained for the differences in sound pressure and flow velocity at the two ends of this vented hole. In addition, the acoustic properties of this vented hole were included in the in-ear earphone simulation model to complete the sound pressure curve simulation analysis of the in-ear earphone system with a vented hole of corresponding size. Then, the simulation results were compared with actual measurements obtained from the standard system. Based on the results, when the in-ear earphone vented hole simulation model considered the simulated specific airflow resistance values of this cylindrical hole, the overall simulated sound pressure performance was highly consistent with that of measured values. The difference in the first peak values of sound pressure at mid-to-low frequencies was reduced from 5.64% when the simulation model did not consider the specific airflow resistance of the cylindrical hole to 1.18%, and the accuracy of the overall simulation was around 70%. This indicates the importance of the acoustic resistance properties of vented holes. Moreover, as specific airflow resistance values were able to be further quantified, the accuracy of the entire in-ear earphone simulation was ultimately and effectively elevated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance" title="specific airflow resistance">specific airflow resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vented%20holes" title=" vented holes"> vented holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-ear%20earphone" title=" in-ear earphone"> in-ear earphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186158/improvement-in-acoustic-performance-at-low-frequency-via-application-of-acoustic-resistance-of-vented-hole-in-in-ear-earphones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10683</span> An Experimental Study on Intellectual Concentration Influenced by Indoor Airflow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoko%20Ito">Kyoko Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinya%20Furuta"> Shinya Furuta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisuke%20Kamihigashi"> Daisuke Kamihigashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimi%20Ueda"> Kimi Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirotake%20Ishii"> Hirotake Ishii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Shimoda"> Hiroshi Shimoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumiaki%20Obayashi"> Fumiaki Obayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiro%20Taniguchi"> Kazuhiro Taniguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve intellectual concentration, few studies have verified the effect of indoor airflow among the thermal environment conditions, and the differences of the season in effects have not been studied. In this study, in order to investigate the influence of the airflow in winter on the intellectual concentration, an evaluation experiment was conducted. In the previous study, an effective airflow in summer was proposed and the improvement of intellectual concentration by evaluation experiment was confirmed. Therefore, an airflow profile in winter was proposed with reference to the airflow profile in summer. The airflows are a combination of a simulative airflow and mild airflow. An experiment has been conducted to investigate the influence of a room airflow in winter on intellectual concentration. As a result of comparison with no airflow condition, no significant difference was found. Based on the results, it is a future task to ask preliminary preference in advance and to establish a mechanism that can provide controllable airflow for each individual, taking into account the preference for airflow to be different for each individual. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20time%20ratio" title="concentration time ratio">concentration time ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTR" title=" CTR"> CTR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20airflow" title=" indoor airflow"> indoor airflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20concentration" title=" intellectual concentration"> intellectual concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20environment" title=" workplace environment"> workplace environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97995/an-experimental-study-on-intellectual-concentration-influenced-by-indoor-airflow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10682</span> A Comparative Study of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) for Airflow Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sijie%20Fu">Sijie Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal-Henry%20Biwol%C3%A9"> Pascal-Henry Biwolé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Mathis"> Christian Mathis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among modern airflow measurement methods, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), as visualized and non-instructive measurement techniques, are playing more important role. This paper conducts a comparative experimental study for airflow measurement employing both techniques with the same condition. Velocity vector fields, velocity contour fields, voticity profiles and turbulence profiles are selected as the comparison indexes. The results show that the performance of both PIV and PTV techniques for airflow measurement is satisfied, but some differences between the both techniques are existed, it suggests that selecting the measurement technique should be based on a comprehensive consideration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow%20measurement" title="airflow measurement">airflow measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIV" title=" PIV"> PIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTV" title=" PTV"> PTV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17111/a-comparative-study-of-particle-image-velocimetry-piv-and-particle-tracking-velocimetry-ptv-for-airflow-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10681</span> Model Based Design and Development of Horticultural Produce Crate from Bamboo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisay%20Wondmagegn%20Molla">Sisay Wondmagegn Molla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulugeta%20Admasu%20Delele"> Mulugeta Admasu Delele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadelle%20Nigusu%20Mekonen"> Tadelle Nigusu Mekonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is common to observe quality deterioration and mechanical injury of horticulture products as a result of suboptimal design and handling of the packaging systems. Society uses the old and primitive way of handling horticulture products, which is produced through trial and error This method is known to have many limitations on quality, environmental pollution, labor and cost. Ethiopia stands first in bamboo resources in Africa, which is 67 % of the African and 7 % of the world's bamboo resources. The purpose of this project was to design and develop bamboo-based ventilated horticultural produce crates using validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The model was used to predict the airflow and temperature distribution inside the loaded crate. The study included: sizing, collection of the thermo-physical properties, and designing and developing a CFD model of the bamboo-based ventilated horticultural crate. The designed crate (40×30×25cm) had a capacity of about 18 kg, and cold air temperature (130C) was used for cooling the fruit. Airflow in the loaded crate is far from uniform. There is a relatively high-velocity flow at the top, near inlet and near outlet sections, and a relatively low airflow near the center of the loaded crate. The predicted velocity variation within the bulk of the produce was relatively large, it was in the range of 0.04-7m/s. The vented produce package contributed the highest cooling airflow resistance. Similar to the airflow, the cooling characteristics of the product were not uniform. There was a difference in the cooling rate of the produce in the airflow direction and from the top to the bottom section of the loaded crate. The products that were located near the inlet side and top of the bulk showed a faster cooling rate than the rest of the bulk. The result showed that the produced volume average temperature was 17.9°C after a cooling period of 3 hr. It was reduced by 12.05°C. The result showed the potential of the CFD modeling approach in developing the bamboo-based design of horticultural produce crates in terms of airflow and heat transfer characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo" title="bamboo">bamboo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horticultural" title=" horticultural"> horticultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging" title=" packaging"> packaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191593/model-based-design-and-development-of-horticultural-produce-crate-from-bamboo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10680</span> Investigation of Flow Effects of Soundwaves Incident on an Airfoil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thirsa%20Sherry">Thirsa Sherry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utkarsh%20Shrivastav"> Utkarsh Shrivastav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannan%20B.%20T."> Kannan B. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iynthezhuton%20K."> Iynthezhuton K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics remains one of the most poignant and well-researched fields of today. The current paper aims to investigate the predominant problem concerning the effects of noise of varying frequencies and waveforms on airflow surrounding an airfoil. Using a single speaker beneath the airfoil at different positions, we wish to simulate the effects of sound directly impinging on an airfoil and study its direct effects on airflow. We wish to study the same using smoke visualization methods with incense as our smoke-generating material in a variable-speed subsonic wind tunnel. Using frequencies and wavelengths similar to those of common engine noise, we wish to simulate real-world conditions of engine noise interfering with airflow and document the arising trends. These results will allow us to look into the real-world effects of noise on airflow and how to minimize them and expand on the possible relation between waveforms and noise. The parameters used in the study include frequency, Reynolds number, waveforms, angle of attack, and the effects on airflow when varying these parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20noise" title="engine noise">engine noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustics" title=" aeroacoustics"> aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20excitation" title=" acoustic excitation"> acoustic excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed" title=" low speed"> low speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050/investigation-of-flow-effects-of-soundwaves-incident-on-an-airfoil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10679</span> Numerical Investigation the Effect of Adjustable Guide Vane for Improving the Airflow Rate in Axial Fans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Shahizare">Behzad Shahizare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Nik-Ghazali"> N. Nik-Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannan%20M.%20Munisamy"> Kannan M. Munisamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedsaeed%20Tabatabaeikia"> Seyedsaeed Tabatabaeikia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to clarify the effect of the adjustable outlet guide vane (OGV) on the axial fan. Three-dimensional Numerical study was performed to analyze the effect of adjustable guide vane for improving the airflow rate in axial fans. Grid independence test was done between five different meshes in order to choose the reliable mesh. In flow analyses, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations was solved using three types of turbulence models named k-ɛ, k-ω and k-ω SST. The aerodynamic performances of the fan and guide vane were evaluated. Numerical method was validated by comparing with experimental test according to AMECA 210 standard. Results showed that, by using the adjustable guide vane the airflow rate is increased around 3% to 6 %. The maximum enhancement of the airflow rate was achieved when pressure was 374pa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20fan" title="axial fan">axial fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustable%20guide%20vane" title=" adjustable guide vane"> adjustable guide vane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbo%20machinery" title=" turbo machinery "> turbo machinery </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44057/numerical-investigation-the-effect-of-adjustable-guide-vane-for-improving-the-airflow-rate-in-axial-fans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10678</span> Mathematical Analysis of Variation in Inlet Shock Wave Angle on Specific Impulse of Scramjet Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrikant%20Ghadage">Shrikant Ghadage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study of shock waves generated in the Scramjet engine is typically restricted to pressure, temperature, density, entropy and Mach number variation across the shock wave. The present work discusses the impact of inlet shock wave angles on the specific impulse of the Scramjet engine. A mathematical analysis has done for the isentropic hypersonic flow of air flowing through a Scramjet with hydrogen fuel at an altitude of 30 km. Analysis has been done in order to get optimum shock wave angle to achieve maximum impulse. Since external drag has excluded from the analysis, the losses due to friction are not considered for the present analysis. When Mach number of the airflow at the entry of the nozzle reaches unity, then that flow is choked. This condition puts limitations on increasing the inlet shock wave angle. As inlet shock wave angle increases, speed of the flow entering into the nozzle decreases, which results in an increase in the specific impulse of the engine. When the speed of the flow at the entry of the nozzle reduces below sonic speed, then there is no further increase in the specific impulse of the engine. Here the Conclusion is the thrust and specific impulse of a scramjet engine, which increases gradually with an increase in inlet shock wave angle up to the condition when airflow speed reaches sonic velocity at the exit of the combustor. In addition to that, variation in drag force at the inlet of the scramjet and variation in hypersonic flow conditions at every stage of the scramjet also studied in order to understand variation on flow characteristics with respect to flow deflection angle. Essentially, it helps in designing inlet profile for the Scramjet engine to achieve optimum specific impulse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic%20flow" title="hypersonic flow">hypersonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scramjet" title=" scramjet"> scramjet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20waves" title=" shock waves"> shock waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20impulse" title=" specific impulse"> specific impulse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20analysis" title=" mathematical analysis"> mathematical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104058/mathematical-analysis-of-variation-in-inlet-shock-wave-angle-on-specific-impulse-of-scramjet-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10677</span> Operation Parameters of Vacuum Cleaned Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilhelm%20Hoeflinger">Wilhelm Hoeflinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Laminger"> Thomas Laminger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Wolfslehner"> Johannes Wolfslehner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For vacuum cleaned dust filters, used e. g. in textile industry, there exist no calculation methods to determine design parameters (e. g. traverse speed of the nozzle, filter area...). In this work a method to calculate the optimum traverse speed of the nozzle of an industrial-size flat dust filter at a given mean pressure drop and filter face velocity was elaborated. Well-known equations for the design of a cleanable multi-chamber bag-house-filter were modified in order to take into account a continuously regeneration of a dust filter by a nozzle. Thereby, the specific filter medium resistance and the specific cake resistance values are needed which can be derived from filter tests under constant operation conditions. A lab-scale filter test rig was used to derive the specific filter media resistance value and the specific cake resistance value for vacuum cleaned filter operation. Three different filter media were tested and the determined parameters were compared to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20dust%20filter" title="design of dust filter">design of dust filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20removing" title=" dust removing"> dust removing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20regeneration" title=" filter regeneration"> filter regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20parameters" title=" operation parameters"> operation parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536/operation-parameters-of-vacuum-cleaned-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10676</span> Hot Air Flow Annealing of MAPbI₃ Perovskite: Structural and Optical Properties </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouad%20Ouafi">Mouad Ouafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahoucine%20Atourki"> Lahoucine Atourki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larbi%20Laanab"> Larbi Laanab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Vega"> Erika Vega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Mollar"> Miguel Mollar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernabe%20Marib"> Bernabe Marib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boujemaa%20Jaber"> Boujemaa Jaber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the astonishing emergence of the methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite as a promising light harvester for solar cells, their physical properties in solution-processed MAPbI₃ are still crucial and need to be improved. The objective of this work is to investigate the hot airflow effect during the growth of MAPbI₃ films using the spin-coating process on their structural, optical and morphological proprieties. The experimental results show that many physical proprieties of the perovskite strongly depend on the air flow temperature and the optimization which has a beneficial effect on the perovskite quality. In fact, a clear improvement of the crystallinity and the crystallite size of MAPbI₃ perovskite is demonstrated by the XRD analyses, when the airflow temperature is increased up to 100°C. Alternatively, as far as the surface morphology is concerned, SEM micrographs show that significant homogenous nucleation, uniform surface distribution and pin holes free with highest surface coverture of 98% are achieved when the airflow temperature reaches 100°C. At this temperature, the improvement is also observed when considering the optical properties of the films. By contrast, a remarkable degradation of the MAPbI₃ perovskites associated to the PbI₂ phase formation is noticed, when the hot airflow temperature is higher than 100°C, especially 300°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20air%20flow" title="hot air flow">hot air flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title=" crystallinity"> crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20coverage" title=" surface coverage"> surface coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20morphology" title=" perovskite morphology"> perovskite morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102435/hot-air-flow-annealing-of-mapbi3-perovskite-structural-and-optical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10675</span> Numerical Simulation on Airflow Structure in the Human Upper Respiratory Tract Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuguo%20Zhao">Xiuguo Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xudong%20Ren"> Xudong Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Su"> Chen Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinxi%20Xu"> Xinxi Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Niu"> Fu Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingshuai%20Meng"> Lingshuai Meng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The respiratory diseases such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis are connected with the air pollution and the number of these diseases tends to increase, which may attribute to the toxic aerosol deposition in human upper respiratory tract or in the bifurcation of human lung. The therapy of these diseases mostly uses pharmaceuticals in the form of aerosol delivered into the human upper respiratory tract or the lung. Understanding of airflow structures in human upper respiratory tract plays a very important role in the analysis of the “filtering” effect in the pharynx/larynx and for obtaining correct air-particle inlet conditions to the lung. However, numerical simulation based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology has its own advantage on studying airflow structure in human upper respiratory tract. In this paper, a representative human upper respiratory tract is built and the CFD technology was used to investigate the air movement characteristic in the human upper respiratory tract. The airflow movement characteristic, the effect of the airflow movement on the shear stress distribution and the probability of the wall injury caused by the shear stress are discussed. Experimentally validated computational fluid-aerosol dynamics results showed the following: the phenomenon of airflow separation appears near the outer wall of the pharynx and the trachea. The high velocity zone is created near the inner wall of the trachea. The airflow splits at the divider and a new boundary layer is generated at the inner wall of the downstream from the bifurcation with the high velocity near the inner wall of the trachea. The maximum velocity appears at the exterior of the boundary layer. The secondary swirls and axial velocity distribution result in the high shear stress acting on the inner wall of the trachea and bifurcation, finally lead to the inner wall injury. The enhancement of breathing intensity enhances the intensity of the shear stress acting on the inner wall of the trachea and the bifurcation. If human keep the high breathing intensity for long time, not only the ability for the transportation and regulation of the gas through the trachea and the bifurcation fall, but also result in the increase of the probability of the wall strain and tissue injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow%20structure" title="airflow structure">airflow structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20upper%20respiratory%20tract" title=" human upper respiratory tract"> human upper respiratory tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62549/numerical-simulation-on-airflow-structure-in-the-human-upper-respiratory-tract-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10674</span> CFD Simulation Research on a Double Diffuser for Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Skiba">Krzysztof Skiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdzislaw%20Kaminski"> Zdzislaw Kaminski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind power is based on a variety of construction solutions to convert wind energy into electrical energy. These constructions are constrained by the correlation between their energy conversion efficiency and the area they occupy. Their energy conversion efficiency can be improved by wind tunnel tests of a rotor as a diffuser to optimize shapes of aerodynamic elements, to adapt these elements to changing conditions and to increase airflow intensity. This paper discusses the results of computer simulations and aerodynamic analyzes of this innovative diffuser design. The research aims at determining the aerodynamic phenomena triggered by the airflow inside this construction, and developing a design to improve the efficiency of the wind turbine. The research results enable us to design a diffuser with a double Venturi nozzle and specially shaped blades. The design of this type uses Bernoulli’s law on the behavior of the flowing medium in the tunnel of a decreasing diameter. The air flowing along the tunnel changes its velocity so the rotor inside such a decreased tunnel diameter rotates faster in this airflow than does the wind outside this tunnel, which makes the turbine more efficient. Additionally, airflow velocity is improved by applying aerodynamic rings with extended trailing edges to achieve controlled turbulent vortices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title="wind turbine">wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cfd" title=" cfd"> cfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50081/cfd-simulation-research-on-a-double-diffuser-for-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10673</span> The Critical Velocity and Heat of Smoke Outflow in Z-shaped Passage Fires Under Weak Stack Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zekun%20Li">Zekun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bart%20Merci"> Bart Merci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miaocheng%20Weng"> Miaocheng Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu"> Fang Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Z-shaped passage, widely used in metro entrance/exit passageways, inclined mining laneways, and other applications, features steep slopes and a combination of horizontal and inclined sections. These characteristics lead to notable differences in airflow patterns and temperature distributions compared to conventional confined passages. In fires occurring within Z-shaped passages under natural ventilation with a weak stack effect, the induced airflow may be insufficient to fully confined smoke downstream of the fire source. This can cause smoke back-layering upstream, with the possibility of smoke escaping from the lower entrance located upstream of the fire. Consequently, not all the heat from the fire source contributes to the stack effect. This study combines theoretical analysis and fire simulations to examine the influence of various heat release rates (HRR), passage structures, and fire source locations on the induced airflow velocity driven by the stack effect. An empirical equation is proposed to quantify the strength of the stack effect under different conditions. Additionally, predictive models have been developed to determine the critical induced airflow and to estimate the heat of smoke escaping from the lower entrance of the passage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stack%20effect" title="stack effect">stack effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20velocity" title=" critical velocity"> critical velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20outflow" title=" heat outflow"> heat outflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193173/the-critical-velocity-and-heat-of-smoke-outflow-in-z-shaped-passage-fires-under-weak-stack-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10672</span> Integrated Thermal Control to Improve Workers' Intellectual Concentration in Office Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimi%20Ueda">Kimi Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kosuke%20Sugita"> Kosuke Sugita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soma%20Kawamoto"> Soma Kawamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Shimoda"> Hiroshi Shimoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirotake%20Ishii"> Hirotake Ishii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumiaki%20Obayashi"> Fumiaki Obayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiro%20Taniguchi"> Kazuhiro Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayaka%20Suzuki"> Ayaka Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The authors have focused on the thermal difference between office rooms and break rooms, and proposed an integrated thermal control method to improve workers’ intellectual concentration. First, a trial experiment was conducted to verify the effect of temperature difference on workers’ intellectual concentration with using two experimental rooms; a thermally neutral break room and a cooler office room. As the result of the experiment, it was found that the thermal difference had a significant effect on improving their intellectual concentration. Workers, however, often take a short break at their desks without moving to a break room, so that the thermal difference cannot be given to them. So utilization of airflow was proposed as an integrated thermal control method instead of the temperature difference to realize the similar effect. Concretely, they are exposed to airflow when working in order to reduce their effective temperature while it is weakened when taking a break. Another experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of the airflow control on their intellectual concentration. As the result of concentration index and questionnaire survey, their intellectual concentration was significantly improved in the integrated thermal controlled environment. It was also found that most of them felt more comfortable and had higher motivation and higher degree of concentration in the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow" title="airflow">airflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20experiment" title=" evaluation experiment"> evaluation experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20concentration" title=" intellectual concentration"> intellectual concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20difference" title=" thermal difference"> thermal difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93543/integrated-thermal-control-to-improve-workers-intellectual-concentration-in-office-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10671</span> Detection of Extrusion Blow Molding Defects by Airflow Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Savy">Eva Savy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Ruiz"> Anthony Ruiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In extrusion blow molding, there is great variability in product quality due to the sensitivity of the machine settings. These variations lead to unnecessary rejects and loss of time. Yet production control is a major challenge for companies in this sector to remain competitive within their market. Current quality control methods only apply to finished products (vision control, leak test...). It has been shown that material melt temperature, blowing pressure, and ambient temperature have a significant impact on the variability of product quality. Since blowing is a key step in the process, we have studied this parameter in this paper. The objective is to determine if airflow analysis allows the identification of quality problems before the full completion of the manufacturing process. We conducted tests to determine if it was possible to identify a leakage defect and an obstructed defect, two common defects on products. The results showed that it was possible to identify a leakage defect by airflow analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion%20blow%20molding" title="extrusion blow molding">extrusion blow molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal" title=" signal"> signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defects" title=" defects"> defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161761/detection-of-extrusion-blow-molding-defects-by-airflow-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10670</span> Appearance and Magnitude of Dynamic Pressure in Micro-Scale of Subsonic Airflow around Symmetric Objects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehret%20Tilvaldyev">Shehret Tilvaldyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Flores-Garay"> Jorge Flores-Garay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfredo%20Villanueva"> Alfredo Villanueva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erwin%20Martinez"> Erwin Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazaro%20Rico"> Lazaro Rico</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of modern transportation is severely compromised by the prevalence of turbulent drag. The high level of turbulent skin-friction occurring, e.g., on the surface of an aircraft, automobiles or the carriage of a high-speed train, is responsible for excess fuel consumption and increased carbon emissions. The environmental, political, and economic pressure to improve fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions associated with transportation means that reducing turbulent skin-friction drag is a pressing engineering problem. The dynamic pressure of subsonic airflow around solid objects creates lift, but also induces drag force. This paper is presenting the results of laboratory experiments, investigating appearance and magnitude of dynamic pressure in micro scale of subsonic air flow around right cylinder and symmetrical airfoil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow" title="airflow">airflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20pressure" title=" dynamic pressure"> dynamic pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20scale" title=" micro scale"> micro scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20object" title=" symmetric object"> symmetric object</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44358/appearance-and-magnitude-of-dynamic-pressure-in-micro-scale-of-subsonic-airflow-around-symmetric-objects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10669</span> Selection Effects on the Molecular and Abiotic Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abishek%20Rajkumar">Abishek Rajkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotic resistance can occur naturally given the selective pressure placed on antibiotics. Within a large population of bacteria, there is a significant chance that some of those bacteria can develop resistance via mutations or genetic recombination. However, a growing public health concern has arisen over the fact that antibiotic resistance has increased significantly over the past few decades. This is because humans have been over-consuming and producing antibiotics, which has ultimately accelerated the antibiotic resistance seen in these bacteria. The product of all of this is an ongoing race between scientists and the bacteria as bacteria continue to develop resistance, which creates even more demand for an antibiotic that can still terminate the newly resistant strain of bacteria. This paper will focus on a myriad of aspects of antibiotic resistance in bacteria starting with how it occurs on a molecular level and then focusing on the antibiotic concentrations and how they affect the resistance and fitness seen in bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular" title=" molecular"> molecular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66066/selection-effects-on-the-molecular-and-abiotic-evolution-of-antibiotic-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10668</span> Acoustic Characteristics of Ḫijaiyaḫ Letters Pronunciation by Indonesian Native Speaker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romi%20Hardiyansyah">Romi Hardiyansyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raden%20Sugeng%20Joko%20Sarwono"> Raden Sugeng Joko Sarwono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Samsi"> Agus Samsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesian people have a mother language but not Arabic. Meanwhile, they must be able to pronounce the Arabic because Islam is the biggest religion in Indonesia. Arabic is composed by ḫijaiyaḫ letters which has its own pronunciation. Sound production process in humans can be divided into three physiological processes, namely: the formation of airflow from the lungs, the change in airflow from the lungs into the sound, and articulation (the modulation/sound setting into a specific sound). Ḫijaiyaḫ letters has its own articulation, some of which seem strange for most people in Indonesia. Those letters come out from the middle and upper throat so that the letters has its own acoustic characteristics. Acoustic characteristics of voice can be observed by source-filter approach that has parameters: pitch, formant, and formant bandwidth. Pitch is the basic tone in every human being. Formant is the resonance frequency of the human voice. Formant bandwidth is the time-width of a formant. After recording the sound from 21 subjects, data is processed by software Praat version 5.3.39. The analysis showed that each pronunciation, syakal (vowel changer), and the place of discharge letters has the same timbre which are determined by third and fourth formant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E1%B8%ABijaiya%E1%B8%AB" title="ḫijaiyaḫ">ḫijaiyaḫ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=articulation" title=" articulation"> articulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch" title=" pitch"> pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formant" title=" formant"> formant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formant%20bandwidth" title=" formant bandwidth"> formant bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timbre" title=" timbre"> timbre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36324/acoustic-characteristics-of-ijaiya-letters-pronunciation-by-indonesian-native-speaker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10667</span> Correlation between Resistance to Non-Specific Inhibitor and Mammalian Pathogenicity of an Egg Adapted H9N2 Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Young%20Lee">Chung-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Hee%20Ahn"> Se-Hee Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Gu%20Choi"> Jun-Gu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Jeong%20Lee"> Youn-Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk-Joon%20Kwon"> Hyuk-Joon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hong%20Kim"> Jae-Hong Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A/chicken/Korea/01310/2001 (H9N2) (01310) was passaged through embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) by 20 times (01310-E20), and it has been used for an inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in Korea. After sequential passages, 01310-E20 showed higher pathogenicity in ECEs and acquired multiple mutations including a potential N-glycosylation at position 133 (H3 numbering) in HA and 18aa-deletion in NA stalk. To evaluate the effect of these mutations on the mammalian pathogenicity and resistance to non-specific inhibitors, we generated four PR8-derived recombinant viruses with different combinations of HA and NA from 01310-E2 and 01310-E20 (rH2N2, rH2N20, rH20N2, and rH20N20). According to our results, recombinant viruses containing 01310 E20 HA showed higher growth property in MDCK cells and higher virulence on mice than those containing 01310 E2 HA regardless of NA. The hemagglutination activity of rH20N20 was less inhibited by egg white and mouse lung extract than that of other recombinant viruses. Thus, the increased pathogenicity of 01310-E20 may be related to both higher replication efficiency and resistance to non-specific inhibitors in mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avian%20influenza%20virus" title="avian influenza virus">avian influenza virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20adaptation" title=" egg adaptation"> egg adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H9N2" title=" H9N2"> H9N2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-glycosylation" title=" N-glycosylation"> N-glycosylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stalk%20deletion%20of%20neuraminidase" title=" stalk deletion of neuraminidase"> stalk deletion of neuraminidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74841/correlation-between-resistance-to-non-specific-inhibitor-and-mammalian-pathogenicity-of-an-egg-adapted-h9n2-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10666</span> Heat and Humidity Induced Plastic Changes in Body Lipids and Starvation Resistance in the Tropical Zaprionus indianus of Wet-Dry Seasons </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20N.%20Girish">T. N. Girish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20E.%20Pradeep"> B. E. Pradeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Parkash"> Ravi Parkash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insects from tropical wet or dry seasons are likely to cope starvation stress through seasonal phenotypic plasticity in energy metabolites. Accordingly, we analyzed such plastic changes in Zaprionus indianus flies reared under wet or dry season-specific conditions; and also after adult acclimation at 32℃ for 1 to 6 days; and to low (40% RH) or high (70% RH) humidity. Both thermal or humidity acclimation revealed significant accumulation of body lipids for wet season flies but low humidity acclimation did not change the level of body lipids in dry season flies. Developmental and adult acclimation showed sex specific differences i.e., starvation resistance and body lipids were higher in the males of dry season but in females of wet season. We found seasonal and sex specific differences in the relative level for body lipids at death; and in the rates of accumulation or utilization of energy metabolites (body lipids, carbohydrates and proteins). Body lipids constitute the preferred energy source under starvation for flies of both the seasons. However, utilization of carbohydrates (~20% to 30%) and proteins (~20% to 25%) was evident only in dry season flies. Higher starvation resistance after thermal or humidity acclimation is achieved by increased accumulation of lipids. Adult acclimation of wet or dry season flies revealed plastic changes in mean daily fecundity despite reduction in fecundity under starvation. Thus, thermal or humidity induced plastic responses in body lipids support starvation resistance under wet or dry seasons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20or%20humidity%20acclimation" title="heat or humidity acclimation">heat or humidity acclimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20changes%20in%20body%20lipids%20and%20starvation%20resistance" title=" plastic changes in body lipids and starvation resistance"> plastic changes in body lipids and starvation resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20drosophilid" title=" tropical drosophilid"> tropical drosophilid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wet-%20or%20Dry%20seasons" title=" Wet- or Dry seasons"> Wet- or Dry seasons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaprionus%20indianus" title=" Zaprionus indianus"> Zaprionus indianus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89400/heat-and-humidity-induced-plastic-changes-in-body-lipids-and-starvation-resistance-in-the-tropical-zaprionus-indianus-of-wet-dry-seasons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10665</span> Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance to Biocides in Enterobacter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebiahi%20Sid%20Ahmed">Rebiahi Sid Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boutarfi%20Zakaria"> Boutarfi Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmoun%20Malika"> Rahmoun Malika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Galvez"> Antonio Galvez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to explore the possible correlation between resistance to antibiotics and tolerance to biocides in Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the University Hospital Center of Tlemcen. This study focused on 175 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli, it is a question of exploring: their level and profile of resistance to antibiotics, their tolerance to biocides, as well as the identification of the genetic supports of this resistance. Enterobacter spp. was the most predominant bacterial genus, all isolates harbored at least one of the studied genes with significant resistance capacity. Our results show, in some cases, a possible positive correlation between the presence of biocide tolerance genes and those of antibiotic resistance; in fact, tolerance to biocides could be one of the co-selection factors for antibiotic resistance. The results of this study should encourage the good practice of hygiene measures as well as the rational use of antimicrobials in order to hinder the development and emergence of resistance in our hospital departments.Mots clés : Antibiotiques, Biocides, Enterobacter, Hôpital, Résistance, <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocides" title=" biocides"> biocides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterobacter" title=" enterobacter"> enterobacter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159663/antibiotic-resistance-and-tolerance-to-biocides-in-enterobacter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10664</span> Four-Week Plyometric and Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Sprint Performance in Wheelchair Racing Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Thawichai">K. Thawichai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Pornthep"> R. Pornthep</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a four week training period of combined plyometric and resistance training or resistance training alone on muscle strength and sprint performance in wheelchair racing athletes. The participants were sixteen healthy male wheelchair racing athletes of the Thai national team. All participants were randomly assignments into two groups in the plyometric and resistance training group (n = 8) performed plyometric exercises followed by resistance training, whereas the resistance training group (n = 8) performed static stretching and the same resistance training program. At baseline and after training all participants were tested on 1-RM bench press for muscle strength and 100-m cycling sprint performance. The results of this study show that the plyometric and resistance training group made significantly greater improvements in overall muscle strength and sprint performance than the resistance training group following training. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the addition of a four week plyometric and resistance training program more beneficial than resistance training alone on muscle strength and sprint performance in wheelchair racing athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plyometric" title="plyometric">plyometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20training" title=" resistance training"> resistance training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint" title=" sprint"> sprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair%20athletes" title=" wheelchair athletes"> wheelchair athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36004/four-week-plyometric-and-resistance-training-on-muscle-strength-and-sprint-performance-in-wheelchair-racing-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10663</span> Harnessing Train-Induced Airflows in Underground Metro Stations for Renewable Energy Generation: A Feasibility Study Using Bayesian Modeling and RETScreen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisha%20Tan">Lisha Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunbo%20Nie"> Yunbo Nie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rahnama"> Mohammad Rahnama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the feasibility of harnessing train-induced airflows in underground metro stations as a source of renewable energy. Field measurements were conducted at multiple SkyTrain stations to assess wind speed distributions caused by passing trains. The data revealed significant airflow velocities with multimodal characteristics driven by varying train operations. These airflow velocities represent substantial kinetic energy that can be converted into usable power. Calculations showed that wind power densities within the underground tunnels ranged from 0.97 W/m² to 3.46 W/m², based on average cubed wind speeds, indicating considerable energy content available for harvesting. A Bayesian method was utilized to model these wind speed distributions, effectively capturing the complex airflow patterns. Further analysis using RETScreen evaluated the cost-benefit and environmental impact of implementing energy harvesting systems. Preliminary results suggest that the proposed system could result in substantial energy savings, reduce CO₂ emissions, and provide a favorable payback period, highlighting the economic and environmental viability of integrating wind turbines into metro stations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train-induced%20airflows" title="train-induced airflows">train-induced airflows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20generation" title=" renewable energy generation"> renewable energy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power%20density" title=" wind power density"> wind power density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RETScreen" title=" RETScreen"> RETScreen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192580/harnessing-train-induced-airflows-in-underground-metro-stations-for-renewable-energy-generation-a-feasibility-study-using-bayesian-modeling-and-retscreen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10662</span> Detection of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Lactococcus garvieae Strains Isolated from Rainbow Trout</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raissy">M. Raissy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shahrani"> M. Shahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was done to evaluate the presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Lactococcus garvieae isolated from cultured rainbow trout, West Iran. The isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance using disc diffusion method. Of the 49 strains tested, 19 were resistant to tetracycline (38.7%), 32 to enrofloxacin (65.3%), 21 to erythromycin (42.8%), 20 to chloramphenicol and trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40.8%). The strains were then characterized for their genotypic resistance profiles. The results revealed that all 49 isolates contained at least one of the tetracycline resistance genes. Tet (A) was found in 89.4% of tetracycline resistant isolates and the frequency of other gene were as follow: tet (E) 42.1%, tet (B) 47.3%, tet (D) 15.7%, tet (L) 26.3%, tet (K) 52.6%, tet (G) 36.8%, tet (34) 21%, tet (S) 63.1%, tet (C) 57.8%, tet (M) 73.6%, tet (O) 42.1%. The results revealed high levels of antibiotic resistance in L. garvieae strains which is a potential danger for trout culture as well as for public health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactococcus%20garvieae" title="Lactococcus garvieae">Lactococcus garvieae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetracycline%20resistance%20genes" title=" tetracycline resistance genes"> tetracycline resistance genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainbow%20trout" title=" rainbow trout"> rainbow trout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20resistance" title=" antimicrobial resistance "> antimicrobial resistance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21002/detection-of-tetracycline-resistance-genes-in-lactococcus-garvieae-strains-isolated-from-rainbow-trout" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10661</span> Numerical Simulation on Bacteria-Carrying Particles Transport and Deposition in an Open Surgical Wound </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuguo%20Zhao">Xiuguo Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20Li"> He Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Yazdani"> Alireza Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoning%20Zheng"> Xiaoning Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinxi%20Xu"> Xinxi Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wound infected poses a serious threat to the surgery on the patient during the process of surgery. Understanding the bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) transportation and deposition in the open surgical wound model play essential role in protecting wound against being infected. Therefore BCPs transportation and deposition in the surgical wound model were investigated using force-coupling method (FCM) based computational fluid dynamics. The BCPs deposition in the wound was strongly associated with BCPs diameter and concentration. The results showed that the rise on the BCPs deposition was increasing not only with the increase of BCPs diameters but also with the increase of the BCPs concentration. BCPs deposition morphology was impacted by the combination of size distribution, airflow patterns and model geometry. The deposition morphology exhibited the characteristic with BCPs deposition on the sidewall in wound model and no BCPs deposition on the bottom of the wound model mainly because the airflow movement in one direction from up to down and then side created by laminar system constructing airflow patterns and then made BCPs hard deposit in the bottom of the wound model due to wound geometry limit. It was also observed that inertial impact becomes a main mechanism of the BCPs deposition. This work may contribute to next study in BCPs deposition limit, as well as wound infected estimation in surgical-site infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCPs%20deposition" title="BCPs deposition">BCPs deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force-coupling%20method%20%28FCM%29" title=" force-coupling method (FCM)"> force-coupling method (FCM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20surgical%20wound%20model" title=" open surgical wound model"> open surgical wound model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62552/numerical-simulation-on-bacteria-carrying-particles-transport-and-deposition-in-an-open-surgical-wound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10660</span> Understanding the Thermal Resistance of Active Dry Yeast by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pauline%20Ribert">Pauline Ribert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaelle%20Roudaut"> Gaelle Roudaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastien%20Dupont"> Sebastien Dupont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Beney"> Laurent Beney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Yeasts, anhydrobiotic organisms, can survive extreme water disturbances, thanks to the prolonged and reversible suspension of their cellular activity as well as the establishment of a defense arsenal. This property is exploited by many industrialists. One of the protection systems implemented by yeast is the vitrification of its cytoplasm by trehalose. The thermal resistance of dry yeasts is a crucial parameter for their use. However, studies on the thermal resistance of dry yeasts are often based on yeasts produced in laboratory conditions with non-optimal drying processes. We, therefore, propose a study on the thermal resistance of industrial dry yeasts in relation to their thermophysical properties. Heat stress was applied at three temperatures (50, 75, and 100°C) for 10, 30, or 60-minute treatments. The survival of yeasts to these treatments was estimated, and their thermophysical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The industrial dry yeasts resisted 60 minutes at 50°C and 75°C and 10 minutes at a temperature close to 100°C. At 100°C, yeast was above their glass transition temperature. Industrial dry yeasts are therefore capable of withstanding high thermal stress if maintained in a specific thermophysical state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20yeast" title="dry yeast">dry yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20transition" title=" glass transition"> glass transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20resistance" title=" thermal resistance"> thermal resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitrification" title=" vitrification"> vitrification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128376/understanding-the-thermal-resistance-of-active-dry-yeast-by-differential-scanning-calorimetry-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10659</span> Total Thermal Resistance of Graphene-Oxide-Substrate Stack: Role of Interfacial Thermal Resistance in Heat Flow of 2D Material Based Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roisul%20H.%20Galib">Roisul H. Galib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhakar%20R.%20Bandaru"> Prabhakar R. Bandaru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2D material based device, an interface between 2D materials and substrates often limits the heat flow through the device. In this paper, we quantify the total thermal resistance of a graphene-based device by series resistance model and show that the thermal resistance at the interface of graphene and substrate contributes to more than 50% of the total resistance. Weak Van der Waals interactions at the interface and dissimilar phonon vibrational modes create this thermal resistance, allowing less heat to flow across the interface. We compare our results with commonly used materials and interfaces, demonstrating the role of the interface as a potential application for heat guide or block in a 2D material-based device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20material" title="2D material">2D material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductance" title=" thermal conductance"> thermal conductance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20resistance" title=" thermal resistance"> thermal resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150149/total-thermal-resistance-of-graphene-oxide-substrate-stack-role-of-interfacial-thermal-resistance-in-heat-flow-of-2d-material-based-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10658</span> Freezing Characteristics and Texture Variation of Apple Fruits after Dehydrofreezing Assisted by Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Ben%20Haj%20Said">Leila Ben Haj Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihem%20Bellagha"> Sihem Bellagha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Allaf"> Karim Allaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study deals with the dehydrofreezing assisted by instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) treatment of apple fruits. Samples previously dehydrated until different water contents (200, 100, and 30% dry basis (db)) and DIC treated were frozen at two different freezing velocities (V+ and V-), depending on the thermal resistance established between the freezing airflow and the sample surface. The effects of sample water content (W) and freezing velocity (V) on freezing curves and characteristics, exudate water (EW) and texture variation were examined. Lower sample water content implied higher freezing rates, lower initial freezing points (IFP), lower practical freezing time (PFT), and lower specific freezing time (SFT). EW (expressed in g exudate water/100 g water in the product) of 200% and 100% db apple samples was approximately 3%, at low freezing velocity (V-). Whereas, it was lower than 0.5% for apple samples with 30% db water content. Moreover, the impact of freezing velocity on EW was significant and very important only for high water content samples. For samples whose water content was lower than 100% db, firmness (maximum puncture force) was as higher as the water content was lower, without any insignificant impact of freezing velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydrofreezing" title="dehydrofreezing">dehydrofreezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instant%20controlled%20pressure%20drop%20DIC" title=" instant controlled pressure drop DIC"> instant controlled pressure drop DIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freezing%20time" title=" freezing time"> freezing time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28017/freezing-characteristics-and-texture-variation-of-apple-fruits-after-dehydrofreezing-assisted-by-instant-controlled-pressure-drop-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10657</span> Effect of Halo Protection Device on the Aerodynamic Performance of Formula Racecar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Lin">Mark Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Periklis%20Papadopoulos"> Periklis Papadopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the aerodynamics of the formula racecar when a ‘halo’ driver-protection device is added to the chassis. The halo protection device was introduced at the start of the 2018 racing season as a safety measure against foreign object impacts that a driver may encounter when driving an open-wheel racecar. In the one-year since its introduction, the device has received wide acclaim for protecting the driver on two separate occasions. The benefit of such a safety device certainly cannot be disputed. However, by adding the halo device to a car, it changes the airflow around the vehicle, and most notably, to the engine air-intake and the rear wing. These negative effects in the air supply to the engine, and equally to the downforce created by the rear wing are studied in this paper using numerical technique, and the resulting CFD outputs are presented and discussed. Comparing racecar design prior to and after the introduction of the halo device, it is shown that the design of the air intake and the rear wing has not followed suit since the addition of the halo device. The reduction of engine intake mass flow due to the halo device is computed and presented for various speeds the car may be going. Because of the location of the halo device in relation to the air intake, airflow is directed away from the engine, making the engine perform less than optimal. The reduction is quantified in this paper to show the correspondence to reduce the engine output when compared to a similar car without the halo device. This paper shows that through aerodynamic arguments, the engine in a halo car will not receive unobstructed, clean airflow that a non-halo car does. Another negative effect is on the downforce created by the rear wing. Because the amount of downforce created by the rear wing is influenced by every component that comes before it, when a halo device is added upstream to the rear wing, airflow is obstructed, and less is available for making downforce. This reduction in downforce is especially dramatic as the speed is increased. This paper presents a graph of downforce over a range of speeds for a car with and without the halo device. Acknowledging that although driver safety is paramount, the negative effect of this safety device on the performance of the car should still be well understood so that any possible redesign to mitigate these negative effects can be taken into account in next year’s rules regulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20aerodynamics" title="automotive aerodynamics">automotive aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halo%20device" title=" halo device"> halo device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downforce.%20engine%20intake" title=" downforce. engine intake"> downforce. engine intake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116953/effect-of-halo-protection-device-on-the-aerodynamic-performance-of-formula-racecar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10656</span> Pyrethroid Resistance and Its Mechanism in Field Populations of the Sand Termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mai.%20M.%20Toughan">Mai. M. Toughan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20A.%20Sallam"> Ahmed A. A. Sallam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20O.%20Abd%20El-Latif"> Ashraf O. Abd El-Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Termites are eusocial insects that are found on all continents except Antarctica. Termites have serious destructive impact, damaging local huts and crops of poor subsistence. The annual cost of termite damage and its control is determined in the billions globally. In Egypt, most of these damages are due to the subterranean termite species especially the sand termite, <em>P. hypostoma</em>. Pyrethroids became the primary weapon for subterranean termite control, after the use of chlorpyrifos as a soil termiticide was banned. Despite the important role of pyrethroids in termite control, its extensive use in pest control led to the eventual rise of insecticide resistance which may make many of the pyrethroids ineffective. The ability to diagnose the precise mechanism of pyrethroid resistance in any insect species would be the key component of its management at specified location for a specific population. In the present study, detailed toxicological and biochemical studies was conducted on the mechanism of pyrethroid resistance in <em>P. hypostoma</em>. The susceptibility of field populations of <em>P. hypostoma</em> against deltamethrin, α-cypermethrin and ƛ-cyhalothrin was evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the workers of <em>P. hypostoma</em> have developed high resistance level against the tested pyrethroids. Studies carried out through estimation of detoxification enzyme activity indicated that enhanced esterase and cytochrome P450 activities were probably important mechanisms for pyrethroid resistance in field populations. Elevated esterase activity and also additional esterase isozyme were observed in the pyrethroid-resistant populations compared to the susceptible populations. Strong positive correlation between cytochrome P450 activity and pyrethroid resistance was also reported. |Deltamethrin could be recommended as a resistance-breaking pyrethroid that is active against resistant populations of <em>P. hypostoma.</em> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Psammotermes%20hypostoma" title="Psammotermes hypostoma">Psammotermes hypostoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrethroid%20resistance" title=" pyrethroid resistance"> pyrethroid resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterase" title=" esterase"> esterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytochrome%20P450" title=" cytochrome P450"> cytochrome P450</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71638/pyrethroid-resistance-and-its-mechanism-in-field-populations-of-the-sand-termite-psammotermes-hypostoma-desneux" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10655</span> Initial Resistance Training Status Influences Upper Body Strength and Power Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stacey%20Herzog">Stacey Herzog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitchell%20McCleary"> Mitchell McCleary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Istvan%20Kovacs"> Istvan Kovacs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Maximal strength and maximal power are key athletic abilities in many sports disciplines. In recent years, velocity-based training (VBT) with a relatively high 75-85% 1RM resistance has been popularized in preparation for powerlifting and various other sports. The purpose of this study was to discover differences between beginner/intermediate and advanced lifters’ push/press performances after a heavy resistance-based BP training program. Methods: A six-week, three-workouts per week program was administered to 52 young, physically active adults (age: 22.4±5.1; 12 female). The majority of the participants (84.6%) had prior experience in bench pressing. Typical workouts began with BP using 75-95% 1RM in the 1-5 repetition range. The sets in the lower part of the range (75-80% 1RM) were performed with velocity-focus as well. The BP sets were followed by seated dumbbell presses and six additional upper-body assistance exercises. Pre- and post-tests were conducted on five test exercises: one-repetition maximum BP (1RM), calculated relative strength index: BP/BW (RSI), four-repetition maximal-effort dynamic BP for peak concentric velocity with 80% 1RM (4RV), 4-repetition ballistic pushups (BPU) for height (4PU), and seated medicine ball toss for distance (MBT). For analytic purposes, the participant group was divided into two subgroups: self-indicated beginner or intermediate initial resistance training status (BITS) [n=21, age: 21.9±3.6; 10 female] and advanced initial resistance training status (ATS) [n=31, age: 22.7±5.9; 2 female]. Pre- and post-test results were compared within subgroups. Results: Paired-sample t-tests indicated significant within-group improvements in all five test exercises in both groups (p < 0.05). BITS improved 18.1 lbs. (13.0%) in 1RM, 0.099 (12.8%) in RSI, 0.133 m/s (23.3%) in 4RV, 1.55 in. (27.1%) in BPU, and 1.00 ft. (5.8%) in MBT, while the ATS group improved 13.2 lbs. (5.7%) in 1RM, 0.071 (5.8%) in RSI, 0.051 m/s (9.1%) in 4RV, 1.20 in. (13.7%) in BPU, and 1.15 ft. (5.5%) in MBT. Conclusion: While the two training groups had different initial resistance training backgrounds, both showed significant improvements in all test exercises. As expected, the beginner/intermediate group displayed better relative improvements in four of the five test exercises. However, the medicine ball toss, which had the lightest resistance among the tests, showed similar relative improvements between the two groups. These findings relate to two important training principles: specificity and transfer. The ATS group had more specific experiences with heavy-resistance BP. Therefore, fewer improvements were detected in their test performances with heavy resistances. On the other hand, while the heavy resistance-based training transferred to increased power outcomes in light-resistance power exercises, the difference in the rate of improvement between the two groups disappeared. Practical applications: Based on initial training status, S&C coaches should expect different performance gains in maximal strength training-specific test exercises. However, the transfer from maximal strength to a non-training-specific performance category along the F-v curve continuum (i.e., light resistance and high velocity) might not depend on initial training status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title="exercise">exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20training" title=" resistance training"> resistance training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183374/initial-resistance-training-status-influences-upper-body-strength-and-power-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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