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Epigrafia – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style> <table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> Esta página <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a> &nbsp;• <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a> &nbsp;• <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.google.com/search?as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26as_epq%3DEpigrafia">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.google.com/search?hl%3Dpt%26tbm%3Dnws%26q%3DEpigrafia%26oq%3DEpigrafia">N</a>&nbsp;• <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://books.google.com/books?%26as_brr%3D0%26as_epq%3DEpigrafia">L</a>&nbsp;• <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl%3Dpt%26q%3DEpigrafia">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Julho de 2015</span>)</i></small> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Epigrafia</b> (do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua grega">grego</a> επιγραφή; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Translitera%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transliteração">transl.</a> <i>epi-graphē</i> "sobre-escrita", lit. "inscrição"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>) é uma "ciência que estuda a forma como o Homem, em determinado momento, seleccionou ideias para as transmitir aos vindouros"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg/220px-Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg/330px-Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg/440px-Escrita_sudoeste_by_Henrique_Matos_002A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="853"></a> <figcaption> Escrita <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B3nios?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cónios">cónia</a> do séc. VIII a. C. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Coptic.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coptic.jpg/220px-Coptic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Coptic.jpg/330px-Coptic.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Coptic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="370"></a> <figcaption> Inscrição <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_copta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua copta">copta</a>, feita por volta do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_III_a.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século III a.C.">século III a.C.</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Há alguns anos a epigrafia era conhecida como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncias_auxiliares_de_Hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciências auxiliares de História">ciência auxiliar</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História">história</a>, na qual se estudam as inscrições antigas, ou "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ep%C3%ADgrafe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epígrafe">epígrafes</a>", gravadas em matérias sólidas (tais como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madeira?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madeira">madeira</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rocha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rocha">rocha</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osso">ossos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metal">metal</a>), visando obter a decifração, interpretação e classificação das inscrições. Entretanto, a noção de ciência auxiliar não tem mais uso no meio científico atual.</p> <p>Embora também estude os estilos epigráficos usados nas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moeda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moeda">moedas</a> e similares, na realidade o estudo especializado das inscrições ou lendas que aparecem sobre estas são matéria da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numism%C3%A1tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numismática">numismática</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cir%C3%ADaco_de_Ancona?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciríaco de Ancona">Ciríaco de Ancona</a> (1391-1455) é considerado o fundador da <b>epigrafia</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Taxonomia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Taxonomia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Algumas_inscri%C3%A7%C3%B5es_not%C3%A1veis"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Algumas inscrições notáveis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ver_tamb%C3%A9m"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ver também</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Referências</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_externas"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Ligações externas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Taxonomia">Taxonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Epigrafia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Taxonomia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>A epigrafia pode se dividir segundo o seu objeto em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religião">religiosa</a> e profana, bem como segundo o lugar ou do tempo dos monumentos que estuda (assim <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">portuguesa</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">francesa</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">romana</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Antiga">Idade Antiga</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a>, etc).</p> <p>Também se pode dividir em virtude da tipologia de inscrições que estuda. Estes se podem reduzir a sete:</p> <ol> <li><i>Inscrições votivas</i>, dedicatórias ou sacras que se oferecem e dedicam à Divindade ou aos Santos.</li> <li><i>Jurídicas</i>, <i>legais</i> ou <i>decretos</i>.</li> <li><i>Públicas</i> ou <i>monumentais</i> que se gravam em construções de caráter público e oficial, por exemplo, edifícios, arcos de triunfo, pontes, pedras, etc. expressando o seu objeto.</li> <li><i>Históricas</i> que geralmente são comemorativas de um feito importante</li> <li><i>Honoríficas</i> ou dedicadas a honrar a memória de uma personagem distinguido.</li> <li><i>Funerárias</i> ou <i>sepulcrais</i> que se referem à morte de alguma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humano">pessoa</a>.</li> <li><i>Mistas</i> ou <i>comuns</i>, de uso vulgar, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tessela?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tessela">tesselas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasilha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasilha">vasilhas</a>, moedas, etc.</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Algumas_inscrições_notáveis"><span id="Algumas_inscri.C3.A7.C3.B5es_not.C3.A1veis"></span>Algumas inscrições notáveis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Epigrafia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Algumas inscrições notáveis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estela_de_Tel_D%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estela de Tel Dã">Estela de Tel Dã</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Res_Gestae_Divi_Augusti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Res Gestae Divi Augusti">Res Gestae Divi Augusti</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedra_de_Rosetta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedra de Rosetta">Pedra de Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inscri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Beistum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inscrição de Beistum">Inscrição de Beistum</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inscri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_D%C3%ADpilon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inscrição do Dípilon">Inscrição do Dípilon</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditos_de_A%C3%A7oca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditos de Açoca">Éditos de Açoca</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inscri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Laguna_Copperplate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Inscrição de Laguna Copperplate (página não existe)">Inscrição de Laguna Copperplate</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disco_de_Festo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disco de Festo">Disco de Festo</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inscri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Duenos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inscrição Duenos">Inscrição Duenos</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tabelas_de_Tebas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tabelas de Tebas (página não existe)">Tabelas de Tebas</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inscriptiones_Latinae_Selectae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae">Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Epigrafia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia_latina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epigrafia latina">Epigrafia latina</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inscriptiones_Graecae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inscriptiones Graecae">Inscriptiones Graecae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supplementum_Epigraphicum_Graecum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum">Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conven%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convenções de Leiden">Convenções de Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistemas_de_escrita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemas de escrita">Sistemas de escrita</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petr%C3%B3glifo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petróglifo">Petróglifo</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pseudepigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pseudepigrafia">Pseudepigrafia</a> ou estudo de falsas epigrafias.</li> <li><i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=EpiDoc&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="EpiDoc (página não existe)">EpiDoc</a></i>, markup epigráfico em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XML?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XML">XML</a></li> </ul> <p>Outros estudos da escrita de textos incluem:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paleografia">Paleografia</a>, o estudo da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escrita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escrita">escrita</a> antiga, muitas vezes uma base para datar um documento ou até uma inscrição</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papirologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papirologia">Papirologia</a>, o estudo dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuscrito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuscrito">manuscritos</a> escrito em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papiro">papiro</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numism%C3%A1tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numismática">Numismática</a>, o estudo das moedas;</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graffiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a>, inscrições caligrafadas ou desenhos pintados ou gravados sobre um suporte não previsto para esta finalidade</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortografia">Ortografia</a>, regras e estrutura dum <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema de escrita">sistema de escrita</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tipografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tipografia">Tipografia</a>, seleção e acordo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonte_tipogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonte tipográfica">fontes tipográficas</a></li> </ul> </section> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso." class="section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term%3Depigraph">http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=epigraph</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Encarnação, José d' (29 de janeiro de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/28145">«Da Epigrafia como ciência»</a>. <i>Antrope</i> (1): 144–170. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2183-1386">2183-1386</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AEpigrafia&amp;rft.atitle=Da+Epigrafia+como+ci%C3%AAncia&amp;rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+d%27&amp;rft.aulast=Encarna%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;rft.date=2015-01-29&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=2183-1386&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Antrope&amp;rft.pages=144-170&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festudogeral.sib.uc.pt%2Fhandle%2F10316%2F28145&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrafia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Silveira, Pedro Telles da (30 de agosto de 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.historiadahistoriografia.com.br/revista/article/view/1006">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Na mais ilustre de todas as cidades, tão miserável tipografia": antiquariato, imprensa e epigrafia a partir de André de Resende (c. 1500-1573)»</a>. <i>História da Historiografia: International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography</i> (21). <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1983-9928">1983-9928</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.15848%252Fhh.v0i21.1006">10.15848/hh.v0i21.1006</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AEpigrafia&amp;rft.atitle=%22Na+mais+ilustre+de+todas+as+cidades%2C+t%C3%A3o+miser%C3%A1vel+tipografia%22%3A+antiquariato%2C+imprensa+e+epigrafia+a+partir+de+Andr%C3%A9+de+Resende+%28c.+1500-1573%29&amp;rft.aufirst=Pedro+Telles+da&amp;rft.aulast=Silveira&amp;rft.date=2016-08-30&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=1983-9928&amp;rft.issue=21&amp;rft.jtitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+da+Historiografia%3A+International+Journal+of+Theory+and+History+of+Historiography&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historiadahistoriografia.com.br%2Frevista%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15848%2Fhh.v0i21.1006&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Epigrafia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_fr.php">Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss / Slaby </a>: Base de dados epigráfica (multilingue).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://cil.bbaw.de/cil_en/index_en.html">Página oficial</a> do Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (em inglês)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.flickr.com/groups/visible_words/">Visibile Parlare - Visible Words (Imagens de inscrições latinas)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.flickr.com/groups/562831@N24/">Visibile Parlare - Visible Words (Imagens de inscrições gregas)</a></li> </ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"> O <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Epigraphy?uselang%3Dpt">Epigrafia</a></span></b> </div> </div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Car_of_history.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/30px-Car_of_history.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/30px-Car_of_history.jpg" data-alt="Ícone de esboço" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/45px-Car_of_history.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Car_of_history.jpg/60px-Car_of_history.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História">história</a> ou um(a) <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historiador?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historiador">historiador(a)</a> é um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DEpigrafia%26action%3Dedit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position:absolute; right:15px; font-size:smaller; display:none;"> <ul> <li class="nv-ver"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Predefinição:Esboço-história"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-discutir"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Predefinição Discussão:Esboço-história"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPredefini%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o:Esbo%25C3%25A7o-hist%25C3%25B3ria%26action%3Dedit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:P_history.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal da história"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/25px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/25px-P_history.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/38px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/50px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:História">Portal da história</a></span></span></li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐678566b588‐lrmk6 Cached time: 20241128163509 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.526 seconds Real time usage: 0.641 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2012/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 80367/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 698/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 14/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12940/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.336/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8796314/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 12/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 547.526 1 -total 48.67% 266.494 1 Predefinição:Authority_control 21.10% 115.514 1 Predefinição:Mais_notas 17.90% 97.990 1 Predefinição:Ambox 9.07% 49.663 4 Predefinição:Navbox 8.46% 46.340 1 Predefinição:Referências 7.04% 38.552 2 Predefinição:Citar_periódico 6.46% 35.377 1 Predefinição:Historiografia 6.16% 33.741 1 Predefinição:Portal3 5.78% 31.658 1 Predefinição:Portal3/Portais --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:idhash:585110-0!canonical and timestamp 20241128163520 and revision id 69082676. Rendering was triggered because: edit-page --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.009 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DEpigrafia%26oldid%3D69082676">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epigrafia&amp;oldid=69082676</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Epigrafia&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Rgps" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732811708"> <span>Última edição a 28 de novembro de 2024, às 16h35min</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Línguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4" title="علم النقوش — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم النقوش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D9%258A%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25DD%25A3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="إيپيݣرافيا — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيپيݣرافيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraf%25C3%25ADa" title="Epigrafía — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Epigrafía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiqrafika" title="Epiqrafika — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Epiqrafika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпиграфика — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эпиграфика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпіграфіка — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эпіграфіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпіграфіка — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эпіграфіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Епиграфика — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Епиграфика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%2582%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0-%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A7%258E%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="সূত্র-লিপি উৎকিরণবিদ্যা — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সূত্র-লিপি উৎকিরণবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпиграфика — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эпиграфика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafik" title="Epigrafik — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Epigrafik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphik" title="Epigraphik — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Epigraphik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Epigraphy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafio" title="Epigrafio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epigrafio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraf%25C3%25ADa" title="Epigrafía — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Epigrafía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587" title="سنگ‌نوشته — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ‌نوشته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafiikka" title="Epigrafiikka — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epigrafiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589pigraphie" title="Épigraphie — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épigraphie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eipeagrafa%25C3%25ADocht" title="Eipeagrafaíocht — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eipeagrafaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraf%25C3%25ADa" title="Epigrafía — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Epigrafía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%2592%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="אפיגרפיה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפיגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596" title="अभिलेख — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिलेख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigr%25C3%25A1fia" title="Epigráfia — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Epigráfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258E%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A3%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Վիմագրություն — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիմագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafi" title="Epigrafi — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Epigrafi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A2%2591%25E6%2596%2587%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6" title="碑文研究 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="碑文研究" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590" title="ეპიგრაფიკა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეპიგრაფიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпиграфика — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эпиграфика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25B3%25E0%25B3%2581" title="ಶಾಸನಗಳು — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಾಸನಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B8%2588%25EC%2584%259D%25ED%2595%2599" title="금석학 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금석학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%25C3%25AEgraf%25C3%25AE" title="Epîgrafî — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Epîgrafî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпиграфика — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эпиграфика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphia" title="Epigraphia — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Epigraphia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Епиграфика — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Епиграфика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%258E%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25AB%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="എപ്പിഗ്രഫി — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എപ്പിഗ്രഫി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="शिलालेखशास्त्र — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिलालेखशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti" title="Prasasti — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Prasasti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafie" title="Epigrafie — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Epigrafie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafikk" title="Epigrafikk — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Epigrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafie" title="Epigrafie — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epigrafie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Эпиграфика — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эпиграфика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%2583" title="शिलालेखः — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शिलालेखः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2585%25E0%25B6%25B7%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%259A%25E0%25B6%259B%25E0%25B6%25B1" title="අභිලේඛන — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අභිලේඛන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Epigraphy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafia" title="Epigrafia — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Epigrafia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Епиграфика — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Епиграфика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafik" title="Epigrafik — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Epigrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கல்வெட்டியல் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்வெட்டியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%2582" title="శిలాశాసనం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శిలాశాసనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%25C4%25B1t_bilimi" title="Yazıt bilimi — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yazıt bilimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Епіграфіка — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Епіграфіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrafika" title="Epigrafika — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Epigrafika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_th%25E1%25BA%25A1ch_h%25E1%25BB%258Dc" title="Kim thạch học — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim thạch học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigrapiya" title="Epigrapiya — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Epigrapiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2587%2591%25E7%259F%25B3%25E5%25AD%25A6" title="金石学 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金石学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2587%2591%25E7%259F%25B3%25E5%25AD%25A6" title="金石学 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金石学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%258A%2598%25E5%2588%25BB%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="銘刻學 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銘刻學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> 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