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class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Membran+sel" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Membran+sel" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Membran+sel" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Membran+sel" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Membran_sel_eukariot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membran_sel_eukariot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Membran sel eukariot</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membran_sel_eukariot-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Membran sel eukariot</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membran_sel_eukariot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Struktur_membran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktur_membran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Struktur membran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktur_membran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Model_mosaik_fluida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_mosaik_fluida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Model mosaik fluida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_mosaik_fluida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lapisan_ganda_fosfolipid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lapisan_ganda_fosfolipid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Lapisan ganda fosfolipid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lapisan_ganda_fosfolipid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protein_integral_membran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protein_integral_membran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Protein integral membran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein_integral_membran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protein_transmembran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protein_transmembran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Protein transmembran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein_transmembran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerangka_membran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerangka_membran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kerangka membran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerangka_membran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_transpor_membran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_transpor_membran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sistem transpor membran</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem_transpor_membran-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sistem transpor membran</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem_transpor_membran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transpor_pasif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transpor_pasif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Transpor pasif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transpor_pasif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transpor_aktif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transpor_aktif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Transpor aktif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transpor_aktif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaksi_fosfolipid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaksi_fosfolipid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interaksi fosfolipid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaksi_fosfolipid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membran_mitokondria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membran_mitokondria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Membran mitokondria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membran_mitokondria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Membran sel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 81 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="غشاء خلوي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غشاء خلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غشاية صيطوپلازمية – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غشاية صيطوپلازمية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran" title="Membran – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Membran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Клетачныя мембраны – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клетачныя мембраны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клетъчна мембрана – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетъчна мембрана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="কোষ ঝিল্লি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষ ঝিল্লি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elijska_membrana" title="Ćelijska membrana – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćelijska membrana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A0tica" title="Membrana plasmàtica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Membrana plasmàtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پەردەی خانەیی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەردەی خانەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplazmatick%C3%A1_membr%C3%A1na" title="Cytoplazmatická membrána – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cytoplazmatická membrána" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellbilen" title="Cellbilen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cellbilen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellemembran" title="Cellemembran – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cellemembran" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellmembran" title="Zellmembran – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zellmembran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κυτταρική μεμβράνη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτταρική μεμβράνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell membrane" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elmembrano" title="Ĉelmembrano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelmembrano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A1tica" title="Membrana plasmática – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Membrana plasmática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakumembraan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula_mintz" title="Zelula mintz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula mintz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="غشای سلولی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غشای سلولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solukalvo" title="Solukalvo – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solukalvo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_plasmique" title="Membrane plasmique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Membrane plasmique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cillscann%C3%A1n" title="Cillscannán – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cillscannán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A1tica" title="Membrana plasmática – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Membrana plasmática" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-chrackan_killag" title="Far-chrackan killag – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Far-chrackan killag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90" title="קרום התא – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרום התא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="कोशिका झिल्ली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका झिल्ली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dna_membrana" title="Stanična membrana – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanična membrana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbr%C3%A0n_selil%C3%A8" title="Manbràn selilè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Manbràn selilè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejtmembr%C3%A1n" title="Sejtmembrán – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejtmembrán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A9" title="Բջջաթաղանթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջջաթաղանթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumuhimna" title="Frumuhimna – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumuhimna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_cellulare" title="Membrana cellulare – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Membrana cellulare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" title="細胞膜 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞膜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9mbran_s%C3%A8l" title="Mémbran sèl – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mémbran sèl" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="უჯრედის მემბრანა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯრედის მემბრანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жасуша мембранасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасуша мембранасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EB%A7%89" title="세포막 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포막" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parz%C3%BBna_xaney%C3%AA" title="Parzûna xaneyê – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Parzûna xaneyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Клетка мембранасы – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Клетка мембранасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_cellulae" title="Membrana cellulae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Membrana cellulae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellmembran" title="Zellmembran – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zellmembran" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_cellulara" title="Membrana cellulara – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Membrana cellulara" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazmin%C4%97_membrana" title="Plazminė membrana – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plazminė membrana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_membr%C4%81na" title="Šūnas membrāna – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šūnas membrāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клеточна мембрана – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клеточна мембрана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കോശസ്തരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശസ്തരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_plasma" title="Membran plasma – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Membran plasma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celmembraan" title="Celmembraan – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Celmembraan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellemembran" title="Sellemembran – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sellemembran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellemembran" title="Cellemembran – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cellemembran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_plasmica" title="Membrana plasmica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Membrana plasmica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaga_Lubbiyyoo(Cell_membrane)" title="Sabaga Lubbiyyoo(Cell membrane) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sabaga Lubbiyyoo(Cell membrane)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%82ona_kom%C3%B3rkowa" title="Błona komórkowa – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Błona komórkowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="د ژونکي غشا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ژونکي غشا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A1tica" title="Membrana plasmática – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Membrana plasmática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran%C4%83_celular%C4%83" title="Membrană celulară – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Membrană celulară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клеточная мембрана – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клеточная мембрана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elijska_membrana" title="Ćelijska membrana – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ćelijska membrana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell membrane" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplazmatick%C3%A1_membr%C3%A1na" title="Cytoplazmatická membrána – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cytoplazmatická membrána" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celi%C4%8Dna_membrana" title="Celična membrana – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celična membrana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrana_e_qeliz%C3%ABs" title="Membrana e qelizës – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Membrana e qelizës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ћелијска мембрана – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћелијска мембрана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9mbran_s%C3%A9l" title="Mémbran sél – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mémbran sél" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellmembran" title="Cellmembran – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cellmembran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utando_wa_seli" title="Utando wa seli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utando wa seli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணு மென்சவ்வு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு மென்சவ்வு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="เยื่อหุ้มเซลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เยื่อหุ้มเซลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrano_ng_selula" title="Membrano ng selula – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Membrano ng selula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcre_zar%C4%B1" title="Hücre zarı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hücre zarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%88%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%B1%DB%95_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ھۈجەيرە پەردىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھۈجەيرە پەردىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клітинна мембрана – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітинна мембрана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81)" title="جھلی (خلیہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جھلی (خلیہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazmatik_membrana" title="Plazmatik membrana – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Plazmatik membrana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0ng_t%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Màng tế bào – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Màng tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" title="细胞膜 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="细胞膜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" title="细胞膜 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞膜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-pau-mo%CC%8D%CD%98h" title="Sè-pau-mo̍͘h – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-pau-mo̍͘h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" title="細胞膜 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞膜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwelwesi_lwengqamuzana" title="Ulwelwesi lwengqamuzana – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ulwelwesi lwengqamuzana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29548#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Membran_sel" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Membran_sel"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Membran_sel"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Membran_sel" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Membran_sel" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&oldid=25216986" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Membran_sel&id=25216986&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMembran_sel"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMembran_sel"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Membran+sel"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Membran_sel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_membrane" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29548" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_plasma&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Membran plasma">Membran plasma</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg/400px-Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="469" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg/600px-Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg/800px-Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>Ilustrasi sebuah membran sel organisme <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariota</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Celltypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Celltypes.svg/langid-400px-Celltypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Celltypes.svg/langid-600px-Celltypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Celltypes.svg/langid-800px-Celltypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>Perbandingan <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariota</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota">prokariota</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Membran sel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>cell membrane, plasma membrane, plasmalemma</i></span>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Membran_semipermeabel" title="Membran semipermeabel">membran semipermeabel</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada sebuah <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">sel</a> yang mengelilingi dan membungkus isi <a href="/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma">sitoplasma</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleoplasma (halaman belum tersedia)">nukleoplasma</a>. Membran sel memisahkan sel dari cairan interstitial (komponen utama dari <a href="/wiki/Cairan_ekstraseluler" title="Cairan ekstraseluler">cairan ekstraseluler</a>) di sekitarnya.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pembentukan membran sel dilakukan dengan bahan dasar berupa lipoprotein yang dibentuk oleh lemak dan protein.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Membran_biologis" title="Membran biologis">Membran</a> ini terdiri atas <a href="/wiki/Lipida_dwilapis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipida dwilapis">lipida dwilapis</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a> (komponen lipid) yang berada di antara <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipid</a> untuk mempertahankan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluiditas_membran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluiditas membran (halaman belum tersedia)">fluiditasnya</a> pada berbagai suhu. Membran sel juga mengandung <a href="/wiki/Protein_membran" title="Protein membran">protein membran</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Protein_membran_integral" title="Protein membran integral">protein integral</a> yang melintasi membran (berfungsi sebagai transporter membran) dan <a href="/wiki/Protein_membran_perifer" title="Protein membran perifer">protein perifer</a> yang secara longgar menempel pada sisi luar (perifer) membran sel, yang bertindak sebagai <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> yang membentuk sel.<sup id="cite_ref-Tom_Herrmann_2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tom_Herrmann_2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membran sel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transpor_membran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transpor membran (halaman belum tersedia)">mengontrol pergerakan zat</a> ketika masuk dan keluar dari sel dan organel. Dengan cara ini, ia secara selektif dapat ditembus <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Molekul_organik" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekul organik">molekul organik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MBOC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBOC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, membran sel terlibat dalam berbagai proses seluler seperti <a href="/wiki/Adhesi_sel" title="Adhesi sel">adhesi sel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_ionik" title="Konduktivitas ionik">konduktivitas ionik</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Persinyalan_sel" title="Persinyalan sel">persinyalan sel</a>, serta berfungsi sebagai permukaan tempat melekatnya beberapa struktur ekstraseluler, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel">dinding sel</a>, lapisan karbohidrat yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Glikokaliks" title="Glikokaliks">glikokaliks</a>, serta jaringan intraseluler dari serat protein yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton">sitoskeleton</a>. Dalam bidang biologi sintetik, membran sel dapat dirakit kembali secara artifisial.<sup id="cite_ref-JACS-20111229_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JACS-20111229-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SD-20120125_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-20120125-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KZ-20120126_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KZ-20120126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membran_sel_eukariot">Membran sel eukariot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Membran sel eukariot" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Membran sel eukariot"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; padding: 0; border-collapse:collapse; background:transparent;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: rgba(0,0,0,0.1); padding: 5px; width: 290px;"><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color:#000;">Biologi sel</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; background-color: #0073CF; color: #FFF;"><a href="/wiki/Sel_hewan" title="Sel hewan"><span style="color: #FFF;">Sel hewan</span></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Animal_Cell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/300px-Animal_Cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/450px-Animal_Cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/600px-Animal_Cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="811" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align:left; padding: 10px; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.02);">Komponen sel hewan pada umumnya: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Nukleolus" title="Nukleolus">Nukleolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel">Inti sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosom" title="Ribosom">Ribosom</a> (titik-titik kecil sebagai bagian dari no. 5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel">Vesikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma">Retikulum endoplasma</a> kasar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi">Badan Golgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton">Sitoskeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma">Retikulum endoplasma</a> halus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria">Mitokondria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola">Vakuola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol">Sitosol</a> (cairan yang berisi <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organel</a>, yang terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma">sitoplasma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom">Lisosom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom">Sentrosom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Membran sel</a></li></ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pada sel <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariota</a>, membran sel yang membungkus <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organel-organel</a> di dalamnya, terbentuk dari dua macam <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa</a> yaitu <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipid</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, umumnya berjenis <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipid</a> seperti senyawa antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatidil_etanolamina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatidil etanolamina (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfatidil etanolamina</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-jk_cm_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk_cm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang membentuk struktur dengan dua lapisan<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dengan <a href="/wiki/Permeabilitas" title="Permeabilitas">permeabilitas</a> tertentu sehingga tidak semua <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> dapat melalui membran sel, namun di sela-sela <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> fosfolipid tersebut, terdapat <a href="/wiki/Permease" title="Permease">transporter</a> yang merupakan jalur masuk dan keluarnya <a href="/wiki/Zat" title="Zat">zat-zat</a> yang dibutuhkan dan tidak dibutuhkan oleh sel. </p><p>Nilai permeabilitas <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> pada membran ganda dari berbagai komposisi lipid berkisar antara 2 hingga 1.000 × 10<sup>−5</sup> cm2/dt. Angka tertinggi ditemukan pada membran plasma pada sel epitelial <a href="/wiki/Ginjal" title="Ginjal">ginjal</a>, beberapa sel <a href="/wiki/Glia" class="mw-redirect" title="Glia">glia</a> dan beberapa sel yang dipengaruhi oleh protein membran dari jenis <a href="/wiki/Akuaporin" title="Akuaporin">akuaporin</a>. Akuaporin-2 memungkinkan adanya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transporter_air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transporter air (halaman belum tersedia)">transporter air</a> yang peka terhadap <a href="/wiki/Vasopresin" title="Vasopresin">vasopresin</a>, sedang ekspresi akuaporin-4 ditemukan sangat tinggi pada beberapa sel glia dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ependimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ependimal (halaman belum tersedia)">ependimal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struktur_membran">Struktur membran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur membran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Struktur membran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Komponen penyusun membran sel antara lain adalah <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oligosakarida" title="Oligosakarida">oligosakarida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikolipid (halaman belum tersedia)">glikolipid</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Model_mosaik_fluida">Model mosaik fluida</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Model mosaik fluida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Model mosaik fluida"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 1972, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Jonathan_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seymour Jonathan Singer (halaman belum tersedia)">Seymour Jonathan Singer</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garth_Nicholson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garth Nicholson (halaman belum tersedia)">Garth Nicholson</a> mengemukakan model mosaik fluida yang disusun berdasarkan hukum-hukum <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a> untuk menjelaskan struktur membran sel.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada model ini, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> penyusun membran dijabarkan sebagai sekelompok <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> globular heterogenus yang tersusun dalam struktur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amfipatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amfipatik (halaman belum tersedia)">amfipatik</a>, yaitu dengan <a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsional" class="mw-redirect" title="Gugus fungsional">gugus</a> ionik dan polar menghadap ke <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-disambig" title="Fase">fase</a> akuatik, dan gugus non-polar menghadap ke dalam interior membran yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matriks_fosfolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matriks fosfolipid (halaman belum tersedia)">matriks fosfolipid</a> dan bersifat <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a>. Himpunan-himpunan molekul globular tersebut terbenam sebagian ke dalam matriks fosfolipid tersebut. Struktur membran teratur membentuk lapisan ganda fluida yang diskontinu, dan sebagian kecil dari matriks fosfolipid berinteraksi dengan molekul globular tersebut sehinggal struktur mosaik fluida merupakan <a href="/wiki/Analogi" title="Analogi">analogi</a> <a href="/wiki/Lipoprotein" title="Lipoprotein">lipoprotein</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_integral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein integral (halaman belum tersedia)">protein integral</a> di dalam larutan membran ganda fosfolipid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lapisan_ganda_fosfolipid">Lapisan ganda fosfolipid</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Lapisan ganda fosfolipid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lapisan ganda fosfolipid"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333525">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Kembangkan_bagian plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bagian ini memerlukan <b>pengembangan</b>. Anda dapat membantu dengan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section="><b>mengembangkannya</b></a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Umumnya, membran sel memiliki bagian kepala polar <a href="/wiki/Hidrofilik" title="Hidrofilik">hidrofilik</a> dengan daya ikat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gliserofosforilester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gliserofosforilester (halaman belum tersedia)">gliserofosforilester</a> yang terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Gliserol" title="Gliserol">gliserol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosfat">fosfat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsional" class="mw-redirect" title="Gugus fungsional">gugus</a> tambahan seperti <a href="/wiki/Kolina" title="Kolina">kolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serina" title="Serina">serina</a>, dll; dengan dua rantai <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a> <a href="/wiki/Asam_lemak" title="Asam lemak">asam lemak</a> yang membentuk ikatan <a href="/wiki/Ester" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ester">ester</a>. Pada rantai primer, ditempati oleh asam lemak jenuh dan pada rantai sekunder ditempati oleh asam lemak tak jenuh.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagian kepala dapat berinteraksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> maupun larutan fase akuatik, sedangkan bagian rantai akan berhimpit membentuk matriks fosfolipid yang disebut fase internal. Antara <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-disambig" title="Fase">fase</a> internal dan fase akuatik terjadi tegangan potensial antara 220-280 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">mV</a> yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tegangan_potensial_dipol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tegangan potensial dipol (halaman belum tersedia)">tegangan potensial dipol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atau <a href="/wiki/Potensial_membran" title="Potensial membran">potensial membran</a>. </p><p>Penamaan dan sifat bagian kepala fosfolipid bergantung pada jenis gugus tambahan yang dimilikinya, antara lain terdapat sebutan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfokolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfokolina (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfokolina</a> (pc), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfoetanolamina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfoetanolamina (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfoetanolamina</a> (pe), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfoserina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfoserina (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfoserina</a> (ps), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfoinositol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfoinositol (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfoinositol</a> (pi); dan masing-masing nama senyawa fosfolipid terkait yang terbentuk pada membran sel adalah <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidil_kolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosfatidil kolina">fosfatidil kolina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatidil_etanolamina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatidil etanolamina (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfatidil etanolamina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatidil_serina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatidil serina (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfatidil serina</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatidil_inositol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatidil inositol (halaman belum tersedia)">fosfatidil inositol</a>. Membran juga dapat terbentuk dari senyawa lipid seperti <a href="/wiki/Sfingomielin" title="Sfingomielin">sfingomielin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardiolipin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sardiolipin (halaman belum tersedia)">sardiolipin</a>, atau ikatan dengan senyawa <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Glikolipida" title="Glikolipida">glikolipida</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protein_integral_membran">Protein integral membran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Protein integral membran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Protein integral membran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26333525"><table class="box-Kembangkan_bagian plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bagian ini memerlukan <b>pengembangan</b>. Anda dapat membantu dengan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section="><b>mengembangkannya</b></a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Protein integral memiliki domain membentang di luar sel dan di sitoplasma. Protein intregral juga berfungsi untuk memasukkan zat-zat yang ukurannya lebih besar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protein_transmembran">Protein transmembran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Protein transmembran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Protein transmembran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protein ini terintegrasi pada lapisan lipid dan menembus 2 lapisan lipid / transmembran. Bersifat amfipatik, mempunyai sekuen helix protein, hidrofobik, menembus lapisan lipida, dan untaian asam amino hidrofilik. Banyak diantaranya merupakan glikoprotein, gugus gula pada sebelah luar sel. Di sintesis di RE, gula dimodifikasi di badan golgi </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerangka_membran">Kerangka membran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Kerangka membran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kerangka membran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerangka membran atau disebut juga sitoskeleton mempunyai tiga macam jenis yaitu mikrotubulus, mikrofilamen,dan filamen intermediet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_transpor_membran">Sistem transpor membran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Sistem transpor membran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistem transpor membran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salah satu fungsi dari membran sel adalah sebagai lalu lintas <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> secara dua arah. Molekul yang dapat melewati membran sel antara lain ialah molekul <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>), dan molekul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polar (halaman belum tersedia)">polar</a> yang sangat kecil (air, etanol). Sementara itu, molekul lainnya seperti molekul polar dengan ukuran besar (glukosa), ion, dan substansi hidrofilik membutuhkan mekanisme khusus agar dapat masuk ke dalam sel. </p><p>Banyaknya molekul yang masuk dan keluar membran menyebabkan terciptanya lalu lintas membran. Lalu lintas membran digolongkan menjadi dua cara, yaitu dengan transpor pasif untuk molekul-molekul yang mampu melalui membran tanpa mekanisme khusus dan transpor aktif untuk molekul yang membutuhkan mekanisme khusus. Lalu lintas membran akan membuat perbedaan konsentrasi ion sebagai akibat dari dua proses yang berbeda yaitu <a href="/wiki/Difusi" title="Difusi">difusi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Transpor_aktif" title="Transpor aktif">transpor aktif</a>, yang dikenal sebagai gradien ion.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebih lanjut, gradien ion tersebut membuat sel memiliki <a href="/wiki/Tegangan_listrik" title="Tegangan listrik">tegangan listrik</a> seluler. Dalam keadaan istirahat, <a href="/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma">sitoplasma</a> sel memiliki tegangan antara 30 hingga 100 mV lebih rendah daripada <a href="/wiki/Cairan_tubuh" title="Cairan tubuh">interstitium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transpor_pasif">Transpor pasif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Transpor pasif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Transpor pasif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transpor pasif merupakan suatu perpindahan molekul menuruni gradien konsentrasinya. Transpor pasif ini bersifat spontan. <a href="/wiki/Difusi" title="Difusi">Difusi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis">osmosis</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Difusi_terfasilitasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difusi terfasilitasi (halaman belum tersedia)">difusi terfasilitasi</a> merupakan contoh dari transpor pasif. Difusi terjadi akibat gerak termal yang meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">entropi</a> atau ketidakteraturan sehingga menyebabkan campuran yang lebih acak. Difusi akan berlanjut selama respirasi seluler yang mengonsumsi O<sub>2</sub> masuk. Osmosis merupakan difusi pelarut melintasi membran selektif yang arah perpindahannya ditentukan oleh beda konsentrasi zat terlarut total (dari hipotonis ke hipertonis). Difusi terfasilitasi juga masih dianggap ke dalam transpor pasif karena zat terlarut berpindah menurut gradien konsentrasinya. </p><p>Contoh molekul yang berpindah dengan transpor pasif ialah air dan glukosa. Transpor pasif air dilakukan <i>lipid bilayer</i> dan transpor pasif glukosa terfasilitasi transporter. Ion polar berdifusi dengan bantuan protein transpor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transpor_aktif">Transpor aktif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Transpor aktif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Transpor aktif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definisi transport aktif, pertama kali dicetuskan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosenberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Rosenberg</a> sebagai sebuah proses yang menyebabkan perpindahan suatu substansi dari sebuah area yang mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Potensial_elektrokimiawi" title="Potensial elektrokimiawi">potensial elektrokimiawi</a> lebih rendah menuju ke tempat dengan potensial yang lebih tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proses tersebut dikatakan, memerlukan asupan <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> dan suatu mekanisme kopling agar asupan energi dapat digunakan demi menjalankan proses perpindahan substansi. </p><p>Transpor aktif merupakan kebalikan dari transpor pasif dan bersifat tidak spontan. Arah perpindahan dari transpor ini melawan gradien konsentrasi. Transpor aktif membutuhkan bantuan dari beberapa protein. Contoh protein yang terlibat dalam transpor aktif ialah <i>channel protein</i> dan <i>carrier protein</i>, serta <a href="/wiki/Ionofor" title="Ionofor">ionofor</a>. Ionofor merupakan <a href="/wiki/Antibiotik" title="Antibiotik">antibiotik</a> yang menginduksi transpor ion melalui membran sel maupun membran buatan.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yang termasuk transpor aktif ialah <i>coupled carriers</i>, <i>ATP driven pumps</i>, dan <i>light driven pumps</i>. Dalam transpor menggunakan <i>coupled carriers</i> dikenal dua istilah, yaitu simporter dan antiporter. Simporter ialah suatu protein yang mentransportasikan kedua substrat searah, sedangkan antiporter mentransfer kedua substrat dengan arah berlawanan. <i>ATP driven pump</i> merupakan suatu siklus transpor Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase. <i>Light driven pump</i> umumnya ditemukan pada sel bakteri. Mekanisme ini membutuhkan energi cahaya dan contohnya terjadi pada Bakteriorhodopsin. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">Hormon</a> <a href="/wiki/Tri-iodotironina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-iodotironina">tri-iodotironina</a> yang dikenal sebagai aktivator <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidil_inositol-3_kinase" title="Fosfatidil inositol-3 kinase">fosfatidil inositol-3 kinase</a> dengan mekanisme dari dalam <a href="/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma">sitoplasma</a> dengan bantuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrin_alfavbeta3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrin alfavbeta3 (halaman belum tersedia)">integrin alfavbeta3</a>. Lintasan enzim fosfatidil inositol-3 kinase, lebih lanjut akan memicu <a href="/wiki/Transkripsi" class="mw-disambig" title="Transkripsi">transkripsi</a> genetik dari Na<sup>+</sup> ATP sintase, K<sup>+</sup> ATP sintase, dll, beserta penyisipan ATP sintase tersebut pada membran plasma, berikut regulasi dan modulasi aktivitasnya.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaksi_fosfolipid">Interaksi fosfolipid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Interaksi fosfolipid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Interaksi fosfolipid"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pembentukan dwilapis lipid adalah proses yang menguras banyak energi ketika <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">gliserofosfolipid</a> yang dijelaskan di atas berada di dalam lingkungan basah.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di dalam sistem basah, gugus polar lipid berjejer menuju polar, lingkungan basah, sedangkan ekor hidrofobik memperkecil hubungannya dengan air dan cenderung menggerombol bersama-sama, membentuk <a href="/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel">vesikel</a>; bergantung pada konsentrasi misel kritis pada <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipid</a>, interaksi biofisika ini dapat berujung pada pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Misel" title="Misel">misel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liposom" title="Liposom">liposom</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Lipida_dwilapis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipida dwilapis">lipida dwilapis</a>. Penggerombolan lainnya juga diamati dan membentuk bagian dari polimorfisma perilaku amfifila (lipid). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polimorfisme_lipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimorfisme lipid (halaman belum tersedia)">Polimorfisme lipid</a> adalah cabang pengkajian di dalam <a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">biofisika</a> dan merupakan mata pelajaran penelitian akademik saat ini.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18216768_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18216768-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17051225_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17051225-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bentuk dwilapis dan misel di dalam medium polar oleh proses yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efek_hidrofobik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efek hidrofobik (halaman belum tersedia)">efek hidrofobik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketika memecah zat lipofilik atau amfifilik di dalam lingkungan polar, molekul polar (yaitu, air di dalam larutan air) menjadi lebih teratur di sekitar zat lipofilik yang pecah, karena molekul polar tidak dapat membentuk <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_hidrogen" title="Ikatan hidrogen">ikatan hidrogen</a> ke wilayah lipofilik daru amfifila. Jadi, di dalam lingkungan basah, molekul air membentuk kurungan "<a href="/wiki/Senyawa_klatrat" title="Senyawa klatrat">senyawa klatrat</a>" tersusun di sekitar molekul lipofilik yang terpecah.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada teori mozaik fluida membran merupakan 2 lapisan lemak dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Fluida" title="Fluida">fluida</a> dengan molekul lipid yang dapat berpindah secara lateral di sepanjang lapisan membran. Protein membran tersusun secara tidak beraturan yang menembus lapisan lemak. Jadi dapat dikatakan membran sel sebagai struktur yang <a href="/wiki/Dinamis" class="mw-disambig" title="Dinamis">dinamis</a> dimana komponen-komponennya bebas bergerak dan dapat terikat bersama dalam berbagai bentuk interaksi semipermanen komponen muchus membran sel semipermanen di lapisan membran </p><p>Secara alami di alam fosfolipid akan membentuk struktur misel (struktur menyerupai bola) atau membran lipid 2 lapis. Karena strukturnya yang dinamis maka komponen fosfolipid di membran dapat melakukan pergerakan dan perpindahan posisi. Pergerakan yang terjadi antara lain adalah pergerakan secara lateral (Pergerakan molekul lipid dengan tetangganya pada monolayer membran) dan pergerakan secara flip flop (Tipe pergerakan trans bilayer). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membran_mitokondria">Membran mitokondria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Membran mitokondria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Membran mitokondria"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hingga saat ini terdapat tiga teori mengenai membran <a href="/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria">mitokondria</a>. Teori pertama mengatakan bahwa mitokondria memiliki satu lapisan membran.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teori kedua mengatakan bahwa terdapat dua lapisan membran, yaitu <i>membran sisi dalam</i> dan <i>membran sisi luar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teori ketiga mengatakan bahwa mitokondria memiliki tiga lapisan, yaitu membran sisi dalam, membran sisi luar dan membran plasma.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membran_sel&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Parker, Sybil, P (1984). <i>McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology</i>. McGraw-Hill Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McGraw-Hill+Dictionary+of+Biology&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Company&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Sybil%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html">Kimball's Biology pages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125224255/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-01-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Cell Membranes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Singleton P (1999). <i>Bacteria in Biology, Biotechnology and Medicine</i> (edisi ke-5th). New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-471-98880-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-471-98880-9">978-0-471-98880-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bacteria+in+Biology%2C+Biotechnology+and+Medicine&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-471-98880-9&rft.au=Singleton+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Susilawati dan Bachtiar, N. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/26091/1/Buku%20Biologi%20Dasar%20Terintegrasi.pdf"><i>Biologi Dasar Terintegrasi</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Pekanbaru: Kreasi Edukasi. hlm. 13. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-6879-99-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-6879-99-8">978-602-6879-99-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologi+Dasar+Terintegrasi&rft.place=Pekanbaru&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Kreasi+Edukasi&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-602-6879-99-8&rft.au=Susilawati+dan+Bachtiar%2C+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.uin-suska.ac.id%2F26091%2F1%2FBuku%2520Biologi%2520Dasar%2520Terintegrasi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tom_Herrmann_2019-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tom_Herrmann_2019_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tom Herrmann1; Sandeep Sharma2. (March 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538211/">"Physiology, Membrane"</a>. <i>StatPearls</i>. 1 SIU School of Medicine 2 Baptist Regional Medical Center. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30855799">30855799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=StatPearls&rft.atitle=Physiology%2C+Membrane&rft.date=2019-03-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30855799&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penulis" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBOC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MBOC_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220092628/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21054/?term=Molecular%20Biology%20of%20the%20Cell"><i>Molecular Biology of the Cell</i></a> (edisi ke-4th). New York: Garland Science. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8153-3218-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8153-3218-3">978-0-8153-3218-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21054/?term=Molecular%20Biology%20of%20the%20Cell">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-12-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-3218-3&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A&rft.au=Lewis%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK21054%2F%3Fterm%3DMolecular%2520Biology%2520of%2520the%2520Cell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JACS-20111229-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JACS-20111229_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Budin I, Devaraj NK (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3262119">"Membrane assembly driven by a biomimetic coupling reaction"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>134</b> (2): 751–3. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja2076873">10.1021/ja2076873</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3262119">3262119</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239722">22239722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Membrane+assembly+driven+by+a+biomimetic+coupling+reaction&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=751-3&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3262119&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22239722&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja2076873&rft.aulast=Budin&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Devaraj%2C+NK&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3262119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SD-20120125-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SD-20120125_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Staff (January 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129222718/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm">"Chemists Synthesize Artificial Cell Membrane"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ScienceDaily&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScienceDaily (halaman belum tersedia)">ScienceDaily</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125132822.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal January 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chemists+Synthesize+Artificial+Cell+Membrane&rft.pub=ScienceDaily&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2012%2F01%2F120125132822.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KZ-20120126-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KZ-20120126_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Staff (January 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/65kQlOzWn?url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane">"Chemists create artificial cell membrane"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">kurzweilai.net</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/chemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane">versi asli</a> tanggal February 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chemists+create+artificial+cell+membrane&rft.pub=kurzweilai.net&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurzweilai.net%2Fchemists-create-artificial-cell-membrane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jk_cm-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jk_cm_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125224255/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html">"Cell membrane"</a>. <i>John W. Kimball</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CellMembranes.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=John+W.+Kimball&rft.atitle=Cell+membrane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.rcn.com%2Fjkimball.ma.ultranet%2FBiologyPages%2FC%2FCellMembranes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">George J Siegel, Bernard W Agranoff, R Wayne Albers, Stephen K Fisher, dan Michael D Uhler. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A93#A98"><i>Basic Neurochemistry - Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects</i></a>. <i>Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, University of Michigan, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Health Research Institute</i> (edisi ke-6). Lippincott-Raven. hlm. Phospholipid Bilayers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-397-51820-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-397-51820-X">0-397-51820-X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Neurochemistry+-+Molecular%2C+Cellular+and+Medical+Aspects&rft.pages=Phospholipid+Bilayers&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Lippincott-Raven&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-397-51820-X&rft.au=George+J+Siegel%2C+Bernard+W+Agranoff%2C+R+Wayne+Albers%2C+Stephen+K+Fisher%2C+dan+Michael+D+Uhler.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbookshelf%2Fbr.fcgi%3Fbook%3Dbnchm%26part%3DA93%23A98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4333397">"The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes"</a>. <i>Singer SJ, Nicolson GL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Singer+SJ%2C+Nicolson+GL&rft.atitle=The+fluid+mosaic+model+of+the+structure+of+cell+membranes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F4333397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8527440">"Physical behavior of the hydrophobic core of membranes: properties of 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol"</a>. <i>Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine; Di L, Small DM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Biophysics%2C+Boston+University+School+of+Medicine%3B+Di+L%2C+Small+DM.&rft.atitle=Physical+behavior+of+the+hydrophobic+core+of+membranes%3A+properties+of+1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F8527440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8001185">"Dipole potential of lipid membranes"</a>. <i>Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota; BROCKMAN H</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hormel+Institute%2C+University+of+Minnesota%3B+BROCKMAN+H.&rft.atitle=Dipole+potential+of+lipid+membranes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F8001185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11215797">"The dipole potential of phospholipid membranes and methods for its detection"</a>. <i>Division of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney; Clarke RJ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Division+of+Physical+and+Theoretical+Chemistry%2C+School+of+Chemistry%2C+University+of+Sydney%3B+Clarke+RJ.&rft.atitle=The+dipole+potential+of+phospholipid+membranes+and+methods+for+its+detection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F11215797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">George J Siegel, Bernard W Agranoff, R Wayne Albers, Stephen K Fisher, dan Michael D Uhler. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A328#A331"><i>Basic Neurochemistry - Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects</i></a>. <i>Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, University of Michigan, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Health Research Institute</i> (edisi ke-6). Lippincott-Raven. hlm. Transport Processes. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-397-51820-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-397-51820-X">0-397-51820-X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Neurochemistry+-+Molecular%2C+Cellular+and+Medical+Aspects&rft.pages=Transport+Processes&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Lippincott-Raven&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-397-51820-X&rft.au=George+J+Siegel%2C+Bernard+W+Agranoff%2C+R+Wayne+Albers%2C+Stephen+K+Fisher%2C+dan+Michael+D+Uhler.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbookshelf%2Fbr.fcgi%3Fbook%3Dbnchm%26part%3DA328%23A331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">George J Siegel, Bernard W Agranoff, R Wayne Albers, Stephen K Fisher, dan Michael D Uhler. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A424"><i>Basic Neurochemistry - Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects</i></a>. <i>Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, University of Michigan, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Health Research Institute</i> (edisi ke-6). Lippincott-Raven. hlm. Electrical Phenomena in Excitable Cells. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-397-51820-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-397-51820-X">0-397-51820-X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Neurochemistry+-+Molecular%2C+Cellular+and+Medical+Aspects&rft.pages=Electrical+Phenomena+in+Excitable+Cells&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Lippincott-Raven&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-397-51820-X&rft.au=George+J+Siegel%2C+Bernard+W+Agranoff%2C+R+Wayne+Albers%2C+Stephen+K+Fisher%2C+dan+Michael+D+Uhler.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbookshelf%2Fbr.fcgi%3Fbook%3Dbnchm%26part%3DA424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC408323">"Conservation and Transformation of Energy by Bacterial Membranes - A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span>. <i>National Jewish Hospital and Research Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, ; F. M. Harold</i>. hlm. 174<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Jewish+Hospital+and+Research+Center+and+Department+of+Microbiology%2C+University+of+Colorado+Medical+Center%2C+%3B+F.+M.+Harold&rft.atitle=Conservation+and+Transformation+of+Energy+by+Bacterial+Membranes+-+A+NOTE+ON+TERMINOLOGY&rft.pages=174&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC408323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">line feed character di <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> pada posisi 45 (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#invisible_char" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8541445">"Molecular structure and mechanisms of action of cyclic and linear ion transport antibiotics"</a>. <i>Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute; Duax WL, Griffin JF, Langs DA, Smith GD, Grochulski P, Pletnev V, Ivanov V</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hauptman-Woodward+Medical+Research+Institute%3B+Duax+WL%2C+Griffin+JF%2C+Langs+DA%2C+Smith+GD%2C+Grochulski+P%2C+Pletnev+V%2C+Ivanov+V.&rft.atitle=Molecular+structure+and+mechanisms+of+action+of+cyclic+and+linear+ion+transport+antibiotics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F8541445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051527">"Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions"</a>. <i>Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Cheng SY, Leonard JL, Davis PJ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+of+Molecular+Biology%2C+Center+for+Cancer+Research%2C+National+Cancer+Institute%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health%3B+Cheng+SY%2C+Leonard+JL%2C+Davis+PJ.&rft.atitle=Molecular+aspects+of+thyroid+hormone+actions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F20051527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stryer <i>et al.</i>, pp. 333–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18216768-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18216768_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">van Meer G, Voelker DR, Feigenson GW. (2008). "Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave". <i>Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 112–24. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm2330">10.1038/nrm2330</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216768">18216768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Molecular+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Membrane+lipids%3A+where+they+are+and+how+they+behave&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=112-24&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrm2330&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18216768&rft.au=van+Meer+G%2C+Voelker+DR%2C+Feigenson+GW.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17051225-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17051225_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Feigenson GW. (2006). "Phase behavior of lipid mixtures". <i>Nature Chemical Biology</i>. <b>2</b> (11): 560–63. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnchembio1106-560">10.1038/nchembio1106-560</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17051225">17051225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Chemical+Biology&rft.atitle=Phase+behavior+of+lipid+mixtures&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=560-63&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnchembio1106-560&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17051225&rft.au=Feigenson+GW.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wiggins PM. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=372788&blobtype=pdf">"Role of water in some biological processes"</a>. <i>Microbiological Reviews</i>. <b>54</b> (4): 432–49. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087221">2087221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+Reviews&rft.atitle=Role+of+water+in+some+biological+processes&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=432-49&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2087221&rft.au=Wiggins+PM.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Fpicrender.fcgi%3Fartid%3D372788%26blobtype%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Raschke TM, Levitt M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15867152">"Nonpolar solutes enhance water structure within hydration shells while reducing interactions between them"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A</i>. <b>102</b> (19): 6777–82. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0500225102">10.1073/pnas.0500225102</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15867152">15867152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Nonpolar+solutes+enhance+water+structure+within+hydration+shells+while+reducing+interactions+between+them&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=6777-82&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0500225102&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15867152&rft.au=Raschke+TM%2C+Levitt+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpubmed%26pubmedid%3D15867152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC408323">"Conservation and Transformation of Energy by Bacterial Membranes"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span>. <i>National Jewish Hospital and Research Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Medical Center; F. M. HAROLD</i>. hlm. 177, Fig. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Jewish+Hospital+and+Research+Center+and+Department+of+Microbiology%2C+University+of+Colorado+Medical+Center%3B+F.+M.+HAROLD&rft.atitle=Conservation+and+Transformation+of+Energy+by+Bacterial+Membranes&rft.pages=177%2C+Fig.+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC408323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, dan Peter Walter (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=mboc4&part=A2495&rendertype=figure&id=A2504"><i>Molecular Biology of the Cell</i></a> (edisi ke-4). Garland Science. hlm. Figure 14-10. A summary of energy-generating metabolism in mitochondria. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8153-3218-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8153-3218-1">0-8153-3218-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell&rft.pages=Figure+14-10.+A+summary+of+energy-generating+metabolism+in+mitochondria&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8153-3218-1&rft.au=Bruce+Alberts%2C+Alexander+Johnson%2C+Julian+Lewis%2C+Martin+Raff%2C+Keith+Roberts%2C+dan+Peter+Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbookshelf%2Fbr.fcgi%3Fbook%3Dmboc4%26part%3DA2495%26rendertype%3Dfigure%26id%3DA2504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">George J Siegel, Bernard W Agranoff, R Wayne Albers, Stephen K Fisher, dan Michael D Uhler (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A2961&rendertype=figure&id=A2964"><i>Basic Neurochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects</i></a>. <i>Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, University of Michigan, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Health Research Institute</i> (edisi ke-6). Lippincott-Raven. hlm. Figure 42-2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-397-51820-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-397-51820-X">0-397-51820-X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Neurochemistry%2C+Molecular%2C+Cellular+and+Medical+Aspects&rft.pages=Figure+42-2.&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Lippincott-Raven&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-397-51820-X&rft.au=George+J+Siegel%2C+Bernard+W+Agranoff%2C+R+Wayne+Albers%2C+Stephen+K+Fisher%2C+dan+Michael+D+Uhler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbookshelf%2Fbr.fcgi%3Fbook%3Dbnchm%26part%3DA2961%26rendertype%3Dfigure%26id%3DA2964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">George J Siegel, Bernard W Agranoff, R Wayne Albers, Stephen K Fisher, dan Michael D Uhler (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A2961&rendertype=figure&id=A2967"><i>Basic Neurochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects</i></a>. <i>Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, University of Michigan, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Health Research Institute</i> (edisi ke-6). Lippincott-Raven. hlm. Figure 42-3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-397-51820-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-397-51820-X">0-397-51820-X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Neurochemistry%2C+Molecular%2C+Cellular+and+Medical+Aspects&rft.pages=Figure+42-3.&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Lippincott-Raven&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-397-51820-X&rft.au=George+J+Siegel%2C+Bernard+W+Agranoff%2C+R+Wayne+Albers%2C+Stephen+K+Fisher%2C+dan+Michael+D+Uhler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbookshelf%2Fbr.fcgi%3Fbook%3Dbnchm%26part%3DA2961%26rendertype%3Dfigure%26id%3DA2967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMembran+sel" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Akrosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrosom (halaman belum tersedia)">Akrosom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granula_(biologi_sel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granula (biologi sel) (halaman belum tersedia)">Granula sitoplasmik</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melanosom (halaman belum tersedia)">Melanosom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_mikro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan mikro (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan mikro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gliokisom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gliokisom (halaman belum tersedia)">Gliokisom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peroksisome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peroksisome (halaman belum tersedia)">Peroksisome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Weibel%E2%80%93Palade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Weibel–Palade (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Weibel–Palade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton">Sitoskeleton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikrofilamen" title="Mikrofilamen">Mikrofilamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filamen_intermediat" title="Filamen intermediat">Filamen intermediat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrotubulus" title="Mikrotubulus">Mikrotubulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitoskeleton_prokariotik" title="Sitoskeleton prokariotik">Sitoskeleton prokariotik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_organisasi_mikrotubulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat organisasi mikrotubulus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat organisasi mikrotubulus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom">Sentrosom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentriol" title="Sentriol">Sentriol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_basal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan basal (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan basal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_kutub_spindel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan kutub spindel (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan kutub spindel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miofibril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miofibril (halaman belum tersedia)">Miofibril</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undulipodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undulipodium (halaman belum tersedia)">Undulipodium</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silium (halaman belum tersedia)">Silium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagelum" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagelum">Flagelum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksonema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksonema (halaman belum tersedia)">Aksonema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeruji_radial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeruji radial (halaman belum tersedia)">Jeruji radial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudopodia" title="Pseudopodia">Pseudopodia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamelipodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamelipodia (halaman belum tersedia)">Lamelipodia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filopodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filopodia (halaman belum tersedia)">Filopodia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endosimbion" title="Endosimbion">Endosimbion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria">Mitokondria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas">Kloroplas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromoplas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kromoplas">Kromoplas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerontoplas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerontoplas (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerontoplas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukoplas" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukoplas">Leukoplas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiloplas" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiloplas">Amiloplas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elaioplas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elaioplas (halaman belum tersedia)">Elaioplas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteinoplas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteinoplas (halaman belum tersedia)">Proteinoplas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanosom (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanosom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom">Kromosom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukleolus" title="Nukleolus">Nukleolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribosom" title="Ribosom">Ribosom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spliseosom" title="Spliseosom">Spliseosom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubah_(organel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kubah (organel) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kubah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma">Sitoplasma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol">Sitosol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inklusi_sitoplasmik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inklusi sitoplasmik (halaman belum tersedia)">Inklusi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteasom" title="Proteasom">Proteasom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eksternal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel">Dinding sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriks_ekstraseluler" title="Matriks ekstraseluler">Matriks ekstraseluler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29548#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11958886k">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=66493">Ukraina</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85021654">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569973">Jepang</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/45509928">Microsoft Academic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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