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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__164.html">§ 164</a></span> ff. <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">BGB</a>. Soweit kein höchstpersönliches <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsgesch%C3%A4ft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rechtsgeschäft">Rechtsgeschäft</a> vorliegt, darf in fremdem Namen gehandelt werden. Hier greift die Vertretungsmacht ein. Dabei handelt es sich um die Berechtigung eines <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stellvertreter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stellvertreter">Vertreters</a>, für den Vertretenen im Außenverhältnis <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wirksamkeit_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wirksamkeit (Recht)">rechtswirksam</a> zu handeln. Unterschieden werden die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesetzlicher_Vertreter_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesetzlicher Vertreter (Deutschland)">gesetzliche Vertretungsmacht</a>, etwa die der Eltern für ihr Kind gemäß <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1629.html">§ 1629</a></span> BGB oder die des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pflegschaft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pflegschaft">Pflegers</a> gemäß <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1909.html">§ 1909</a></span> BGB und die einseitig erklärte <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vollmacht">Vollmacht</a>, die rechtsgeschäftlich eingeräumt wird.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rechtsgesch%C3%A4ftliche_Vertretungsmacht"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Rechtsgeschäftliche Vertretungsmacht</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grunds%C3%A4tze"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Grundsätze</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Abgrenzungen"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Abgrenzungen</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vollmacht_kraft_zurechenbaren_Rechtsscheins"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Vollmacht kraft zurechenbaren Rechtsscheins</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Rechtsgeschäftliche_Vertretungsmacht"><span id="Rechtsgesch.C3.A4ftliche_Vertretungsmacht"></span>Rechtsgeschäftliche Vertretungsmacht</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertretungsmacht&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Rechtsgeschäftliche Vertretungsmacht" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Grundsätze"><span id="Grunds.C3.A4tze"></span>Grundsätze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertretungsmacht&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Grundsätze" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Die rechtsgeschäftliche Vertretungsmacht, die Vollmacht, wird wirksam erteilt, wenn sie durch Erklärung gegenüber dem Vertreter (sogenannte <i>Innenvollmacht</i>), dem <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dritter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dritter">Dritten</a>, dem gegenüber die Vertretung stattfinden soll, oder öffentlich (§§ 167 Abs. 1, 171 BGB) erteilt wird. Die Vollmachtserteilung ist gemäß <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__167.html">§ 167</a></span> Abs. 2 BGB grundsätzlich an keine <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Form_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Form (Recht)">Form</a> gebunden, sofern dies nicht spezialgesetzliche Vorschriften verlangen, oder wenn eine unwiderrufliche Vollmacht zur Vornahme eines formbedürftigen Rechtsgeschäfts vorgenommen wird. <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__168.html">§ 168</a></span> BGB regelt Erlöschensgründe, wobei die Vertretungsmacht im Außenverhältnis – trotz Erlöschens im Innenverhältnis – weitergelten kann, §<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__170.html">§ 170</a></span> ff. BGB. <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juristische_Person?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juristische Person">Juristische Personen</a> oder <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personenvereinigung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personenvereinigung">Personenvereinigungen</a> sind als solche nicht handlungsfähig. Sie erlangen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Handlungsf%C3%A4higkeit_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Handlungsfähigkeit (Deutschland)">Handlungsfähigkeit</a> erst durch das Handeln ihrer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organ_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organ (Recht)">Organe</a>.</p> <p>Handeln im Rahmen der Vertretungsmacht bedeutet, dass Inhalt und Reichweite der Befugnis definiert sind und eingehalten werden. Handeln außerhalb solcher Absprachen kann zu Missbräuchen führen, sei es, dass Vertreter und Vertragspartner <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kollusion_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kollusion (Recht)">kollusiv</a> zum Schaden des Vertretenen zusammenwirken, sei es, dass der Vertreter seine Vollmacht bewusst überschreitet und der Vertragspartner den Missbrauch kennt oder aus Evidenzgründen kennen muss (allerdings streitig). Die Bedeutung des Erfordernisses der Rechtstreue liegt darin, dass der Vertretene unmittelbar aus den für ihn abgeschlossenen Geschäften berechtigt, aber auch verpflichtet wird. Die Vertretungsmacht kann allerdings im Umfang begrenzt werden und sich allein auf ein bestimmtes Rechtsgeschäft oder eine bestimmte Art von Rechtsgeschäften beziehen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Wirksam ausgeübt wird die Vollmacht, wenn eine Vollmachtsurkunde vorgelegt wird oder keine unverzügliche Zurückweisung (bei einseitigen Rechtsgeschäften) erfolgt, §<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__164.html">§ 164</a></span> ff. BGB. Vertretung bedeutet, dass kein Handeln in fremdem Namen erfolgt, es handelt sich vielmehr um dessen Eigengeschäft. Die Vertretungsmacht ist vom zugrunde liegenden <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innenverh%C3%A4ltnis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Innenverhältnis">Innenverhältnis</a> zwischen Vertreter und Vertretenem <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abstraktionsprinzip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abstraktionsprinzip">abstrakt</a>, so dass eine sich nur aus dem Innenverhältnis ergebende Beschränkung (das „Dürfen“) nicht auf die Vertretungsmacht im <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Au%C3%9Fenverh%C3%A4ltnis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Außenverhältnis">Außenverhältnis</a> auswirkt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Überschreitet der Vertreter seine Vertretungsmacht im Außenverhältnis, so liegt eine Vertretung ohne Vertretungsmacht (<i><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falsus_procurator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falsus procurator">falsus procurator</a></i>) vor, die der Vertretene nachträglich genehmigen oder ablehnen kann (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__177.html">§ 177</a></span> Abs. 1, §<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__182.html">§ 182</a></span> ff. BGB). Der Vertreter haftet bei fehlender Vertretungsmacht dann selbst auf <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erf%C3%BCllung_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erfüllung (Recht)">Erfüllung</a> bzw. <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schadensersatz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schadensersatz">Schadensersatz</a>.</p> <p>Ausgeschlossen von wirksamer Vertretung sind <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insichgesch%C3%A4ft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insichgeschäft">Insichgeschäfte</a>, geregelt in <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__181.html">§ 181</a></span> BGB. Das bedeutet, dass Selbstkontrahieren oder Mehrfachvertretung grundsätzlich untersagt sind, weil <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interessenkonflikt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interessenkonflikt">Interessenkonflikte</a> vorprogrammiert sind. Maßgeblich ist dabei die Personenidentität auf beiden Seiten des Rechtsgeschäfts. Es gibt allerdings gesetzliche Ausnahmen, wie § 3 Abs. 3 des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berufsbildungsgesetz_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berufsbildungsgesetz (Deutschland)">BBiG</a> oder der Sache nach, weil das Insichgeschäft „ausschließlich in der Erfüllung einer Verbindlichkeit“ besteht, beziehungsweise das Rechtsgeschäft für den Vertretenen „lediglich rechtlich vorteilhaft“ ist (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Analogie_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Analogie (Recht)">analoge</a> Anwendung des <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__107.html">§ 107</a></span> BGB).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Abgrenzungen">Abgrenzungen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertretungsmacht&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Abgrenzungen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Unterschieden werden die gesetzliche, die rechtsgeschäftliche und die organschaftliche Vertretungsmacht:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesetzlicher_Vertreter_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesetzlicher Vertreter (Deutschland)">gesetzliche Vertretungsmacht</a> ist eine <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsnorm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rechtsnorm">normierte</a> Vertretungsmacht. Die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsfolge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rechtsfolge">Rechtsfolgen</a> werden somit gesetzlich geregelt. Beispiele für die gesetzliche Vertretungsmacht sind die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schl%C3%BCsselgewalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schlüsselgewalt">Schlüsselgewalt</a> nach <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1357.html">§ 1357</a></span> BGB, die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elterliche_Sorge_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elterliche Sorge (Deutschland)">elterliche Sorge</a> für Kinder gemäß <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1629.html">§ 1629</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1643.html">§ 1643</a></span> BGB, die Vertretungsmacht des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vormundschaft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vormundschaft">Vormunds</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1793.html">§ 1793</a></span> BGB), des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Betreuer_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Betreuer (Recht)">Betreuers</a> gemäß <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1902.html">§ 1902</a></span> BGB oder des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pflegschaft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pflegschaft">Pflegers</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__1909.html">§ 1909</a></span> ff. BGB). Spezialvorschriften regeln beispielsweise die Vertretungsmacht des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wohnungseigentumsverwaltung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wohnungseigentumsverwaltung">Verwalters</a> für die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wohnungseigent%C3%BCmergemeinschaft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wohnungseigentümergemeinschaft">Wohnungseigentümergemeinschaft</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/woeigg/__27.html">§ 27</a></span> Abs. 2 WEG).</p> <p>Die rechtsgeschäftliche Vertretungsmacht hingegen wird durch Vollmacht erteilt (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__166.html">§ 166</a></span> Abs. 2 Satz 1 BGB). Der Vollmachtgeber legt dabei den Umfang der Vertretungsmacht fest. Einen gesetzlich typisierten Umfang gibt es bei <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prokura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prokura">Prokura</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Handlungsvollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Handlungsvollmacht">Handlungs-</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsstreit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rechtsfragen" title="Rechtsstreit">Prozessvollmacht</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Konzeption der Vollmacht beruht in einer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsgesch%C3%A4ft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arten_und_Systematik" title="Rechtsgeschäft">einseitigen Rechtsgeschäftsausübung</a> mit <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willenserkl%C3%A4rung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Empfangsbed%C3%BCrftige_Willenserkl%C3%A4rung" title="Willenserklärung">empfangsbedürftiger Willenserklärung</a>, so im Geschäftsverkehr die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bankvollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bankvollmacht">Bankvollmacht</a>, das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depotstimmrecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Depotstimmrecht">Depotstimmrecht</a>, das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandat_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandat (Recht)">Mandat</a> für einen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsanwalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rechtsanwalt">Rechtsanwalt</a> oder die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vorsorgevollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vorsorgevollmacht">Vorsorgevollmacht</a>. Eine <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postvollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postvollmacht">Postvollmacht</a> gestaltet nur das Postbenutzungsverhältnis, sie hat keine privatrechtlichen Wirkungen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Um eine <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organschaftliche_Vertretung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organschaftliche Vertretung">organschaftliche Vertretungsmacht</a> handelt es sich, wenn Organe einer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juristische_Person?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juristische Person">juristischen Person</a> diese im Außenverhältnis gerichtlich und außergerichtlich vertreten dürfen. Das sind die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vorstand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vorstand">Vorstände</a> von eingetragenen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verein">Vereinen</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__26.html">§ 26</a></span> Abs. 2 BGB), <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aktiengesellschaft (Deutschland)">Aktiengesellschaften</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aktg/__78.html">§ 78</a></span> Abs. 1 <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aktiengesetz_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aktiengesetz (Deutschland)">AktG</a>) oder <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genossenschaft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genossenschaft">Genossenschaften</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/geng/__24.html">§ 24</a></span> Abs. 1 <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesetz_betreffend_die_Erwerbs-_und_Wirtschaftsgenossenschaften?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesetz betreffend die Erwerbs- und Wirtschaftsgenossenschaften">GenG</a>) und letztlich die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesch%C3%A4ftsf%C3%BChrung_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geschäftsführung (Deutschland)">Geschäftsführer</a> von <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesellschaft_mit_beschr%C3%A4nkter_Haftung_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (Deutschland)">GmbHs</a> (<span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gmbhg/__35.html">§ 35</a></span> Abs. 1 <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesetz_betreffend_die_Gesellschaften_mit_beschr%C3%A4nkter_Haftung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesetz betreffend die Gesellschaften mit beschränkter Haftung">GmbHG</a>). Die gesetzliche und organschaftliche Vertretungsmacht sind meist unbeschränkt.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vollmacht_kraft_zurechenbaren_Rechtsscheins">Vollmacht kraft zurechenbaren Rechtsscheins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertretungsmacht&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Vollmacht kraft zurechenbaren Rechtsscheins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Nicht immer liegt dem Handeln nach außen (gegenüber Dritten), ein rechtliches „Dürfen“ im Innenverhältnis von Vertreter und Vertretenem zugrunde. Gleichwohl gibt es Situationen, in denen sich der Vertretene die vom vermeintlichen Vertreter abgeschlossenen Rechtsgeschäfte zurechnen lassen muss. Der Rechtsverkehr unterscheidet dabei zwei Tatbestände der Zurechnung, die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duldungsvollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duldungsvollmacht">Duldungsvollmacht</a> und die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anscheinsvollmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anscheinsvollmacht">Anscheinsvollmacht</a>.</p> <p>Bei der <i>Duldungsvollmacht</i> kennt der Vertretene das Auftreten des Vertreters und duldet es. Nach <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herrschende_Meinung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herrschende Meinung">herrschender Meinung</a> gelten die Vollmachtsregeln analog, sofern der Vertreter <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesch%C3%A4ftsf%C3%A4higkeit_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geschäftsfähigkeit (Deutschland)">geschäftsfähig</a> ist und der Dritte Guter <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glaube?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaube">gutgläubig</a> auf die Vertretungsmacht des Vertreters vertrauen durfte, weil der durch den Vertreter erzeugte <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechtsschein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rechtsschein">Rechtsschein</a> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kausalit%C3%A4t_(Recht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kausalität (Recht)">kausal</a> für das rechtlich relevante Handeln des Dritten ist. Eine andere Auffassung geht davon aus, dass die Regeln einer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schl%C3%BCssiges_Handeln?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schlüssiges Handeln">konkludent</a> erteilten Vollmacht Anwendung finden.</p> <p>Bei der <i>Anscheinsvollmacht</i> tritt der Vertreter (mit einer gewissen Dauer) häufiger in der Eigenschaft als Vertreter auf. Dem Vertretenen werden die dabei auf den Weg gebrachten Rechtsgeschäfte in diesen Fällen dann zugerechnet, wenn er seine pflichtgemäße <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sorgfalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sorgfalt">Sorgfalt</a> nicht obwalten lässt und das Verhalten des Vertreters deshalb nicht erkennt und verhindert. Unter ansonsten gleichen Bedingungen wie der Anscheinsvollmacht, muss sich der Vertretene das Handeln des Vertreters in diesen Fällen zurechnen lassen.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertretungsmacht&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"> <span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vertretungsmacht" class="extiw" title="wikt:Vertretungsmacht">Wiktionary: Vertretungsmacht</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmut_R%C3%BC%C3%9Fmann_(Rechtswissenschaftler)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmut Rüßmann (Rechtswissenschaftler)">Helmut Rüßmann</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ruessmann.jura.uni-saarland.de/bvr2003/Vorlesung/vertretu.htm"><i>Vertretungsmacht</i></a> 2004</li> <li>Markus Rehberg: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://vertragstheorie.de/2015/06/03/ludwig-mitteis-die-lehre-von-der-stellvertretung-1885/"><i>Ludwig Mitteis, Die Lehre von der Stellvertretung (1885)</i></a> 3. Juni 2015</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertretungsmacht&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinz Hübner: <i>Allgemeiner Teil des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches</i>, 1996, S. 516.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alpmann Brockhaus: <i>Fachlexikon Recht</i>, 2005, S. 1456.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhard Bork: <i>Allgemeiner Teil des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs</i>, 2006, S. 541</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurt Schellhammer: <i>Schuldrecht nach Anspruchsgrundlagen</i>, 2011, S. 1117.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertretungsmacht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dejure.org/dienste/vernetzung/rechtsprechung?Text%3DBGHZ%252C%2B98%252C%2B140">BGHZ, 98, 140</a></span></li> </ol> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://d-nb.info/gnd/4188101-1">4188101-1</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lobid.org/gnd/4188101-1">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB%3D2.104/SET%3D1/TTL%3D1/CMD?retrace%3D0%26trm_old%3D%26ACT%3DSRCHA%26IKT%3D2999%26SRT%3DRLV%26TRM%3D4188101-1">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4188101-1">AKS</a></span>)</span> <span class="metadata"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; font-size:95%; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="Vorlage_Rechtshinweis"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Bitte den <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Hinweis_Rechtsthemen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Hinweis Rechtsthemen">Hinweis zu Rechtsthemen</a> beachten! 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