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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Foreign minister and prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_minister_and_prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I_and_Paris_Peace_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_and_Paris_Peace_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>World War I and Paris Peace Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_and_Paris_Peace_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tommaso Tittoni</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Τομάζο Τιττόνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τομάζο Τιττόνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تومازو تیتونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تومازو تیتونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Tittoni" title="Thomas Tittoni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="توماسو تيتونى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماسو تيتونى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Титтони, Томмазо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Титтони, Томмазо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Томмазо Тіттоні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томмазо Тіттоні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tommaso Tittoni" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E6%89%98%E5%B0%BC" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian diplomat and politician (1855–1931)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Tommaso Tittoni</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg/220px-Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg/330px-Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg/440px-Tommaso_Tittoni_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 March 1905 – 28 March 1905</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Alessandro Fortis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"> Minister of Foreign Affairs </a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 June 1919 – 25 November 1919</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giovanni Giolitti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sidney Sonnino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Scialoja" title="Vittorio Scialoja">Vittorio Scialoja</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 May 1906 – 11 December 1909</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giovanni Giolitti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Francesco Guicciardini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Francesco Guicciardini</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 November 1903 – 24 December 1905</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giovanni Giolitti<br /><i>Himself</i><br />Alessandro Fortis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Prinetti" title="Giulio Prinetti">Giulio Prinetti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonino Paternò Castello">Antonino Paternò Castello</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Italian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Italian Senate">President of the Italian Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 December 1919 – 21 January 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adeodato_Bonasi" title="Adeodato Bonasi">Adeodato Bonasi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federzoni" title="Luigi Federzoni">Luigi Federzoni</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1855-11-16</span>)</span>16 November 1855<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 February 1931<span style="display:none">(1931-02-07)</span> (aged 75)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Right" title="Historical Right">Historical Right</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tommaso Tittoni</b> (16 November 1855 – 7 February 1931) was an Italian diplomat, politician and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Knight of the Annunziata</a>. He was Italy's <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">foreign minister</a> from 1903 until 1909, except for a five-month period. He also was interim <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">prime minister</a> for about two weeks in March 1905,<sup id="cite_ref-parlamento_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parlamento-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the shortest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tommaso Tittoni was born in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. His father, Vincenzo, a tenant farmer on a large scale at La Manziana, had taken part in the defence of the Roman Republic under <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> in 1849, was exiled by <a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a>, and re-entered Rome in 1870 through the breach of <a href="/wiki/Porta_Pia" title="Porta Pia">Porta Pia</a>. Tittoni was educated first at <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, and subsequently at <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tittoni became an alderman of Rome, before becoming a deputy in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Italy">Chamber of Deputies</a> for Civitavecchia in 1886, aligning himself with the right wing. He resigned his seat in 1897, having been appointed prefect of <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>. Three years later he went to Naples in a similar capacity, and in 1902 he entered the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ny080231_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ny080231-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_minister_and_prime_minister">Foreign minister and prime minister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foreign minister and prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a> became premier for the second time in <a href="/wiki/1903_in_Italy" title="1903 in Italy">1903</a>, Tittoni became his <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Italy">foreign minister</a>. He aimed at improving relations with <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, and also tried to bring about a reconciliation with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It was under his auspices that French President <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> visited Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the resignation of Giolitti in <a href="/wiki/1905_in_Italy" title="1905 in Italy">March 1905</a>, Tittoni became interim premier for a few days and remained in <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Alessandro Fortis</a>'s cabinet as foreign minister. His proposal to reduce the duty on Spanish wines in connection with an Italo-Spanish commercial treaty aroused a storm of indignation among the agricultural classes and caused the fall of the cabinet on 24 December 1905, and although Fortis composed a new administration, Tittoni did not enter it.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few months later he was appointed ambassador in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (March 1906), but in May, on the fall of <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sidney Sonnino</a>'s ministry and the return of Giolitti to power, he was again summoned to the Consulta (the Foreign Ministry). He continued the policy of improving relations with <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, which did not contribute to his popularity. After the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian crisis">Bosnian crisis</a> and the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a> by Austria-Hungary, his imprudently worded speech at <a href="/wiki/Carate_Brianza" title="Carate Brianza">Carate</a> created the illusion that Italy was to be compensated, perhaps by the cession of the <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a>, and the disappointment when nothing of the kind materialized greatly weakened his prestige. He remained in office until the fall of Giolitti in December 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As foreign minister, Tittoni prudently advanced Italian claims on <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a>, at the time part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, without resorting to outright threats of annexation.<sup id="cite_ref-childs8b_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childs8b-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tittoni family had interests in the area. In 1907, the <a href="/wiki/Banco_di_Roma" title="Banco di Roma">Banco di Roma</a> founded a branch in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and built significant interests in banking, shipping and agriculture. The bank's vice-president was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romolo_Tittoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romolo Tittoni (page does not exist)">Romolo Tittoni</a>, the brother of Tommaso Tittoni. The bank also financed the important newspaper <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corriere_d%27Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corriere d'Italia (page does not exist)">Corriere d'Italia</a></i>, which campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-clark184_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clark184-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sarti136_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarti136-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 October 1909, Tittoni and the Russian diplomat <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Izvolsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Izvolsky">Aleksandr Izvolsky</a> exchanged diplomatic notes on an informal agreement, known as the <a href="/wiki/Racconigi_Bargain" title="Racconigi Bargain">Racconigi Bargain</a>, for Russia and Italy to support each other's interests in the Balkans and in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, at the Italian city of <a href="/wiki/Racconigi" title="Racconigi">Racconigi</a>, Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a> was hosted by King Victor Emmanuel III.<sup id="cite_ref-childs8_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childs8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy and the Russian Empire concluded another agreement with <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> a few days later disregarding this agreement. In April 1910, he was appointed ambassador in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I_and_Paris_Peace_Conference">World War I and Paris Peace Conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War I and Paris Peace Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M_124_Kitchener_Llyod_Paul_Mantoux_George_Bertie_of_Thame_Asquith_Beyens_de_Broqueville_Bourgeois_Roques_Briand_Lacaze_JOffre_de_Castelnau_Rachitch_Yovanovitch_Vesnitch_Pachitch_Isvolski.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/M_124_Kitchener_Llyod_Paul_Mantoux_George_Bertie_of_Thame_Asquith_Beyens_de_Broqueville_Bourgeois_Roques_Briand_Lacaze_JOffre_de_Castelnau_Rachitch_Yovanovitch_Vesnitch_Pachitch_Isvolski.JPG/236px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/M_124_Kitchener_Llyod_Paul_Mantoux_George_Bertie_of_Thame_Asquith_Beyens_de_Broqueville_Bourgeois_Roques_Briand_Lacaze_JOffre_de_Castelnau_Rachitch_Yovanovitch_Vesnitch_Pachitch_Isvolski.JPG/354px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/M_124_Kitchener_Llyod_Paul_Mantoux_George_Bertie_of_Thame_Asquith_Beyens_de_Broqueville_Bourgeois_Roques_Briand_Lacaze_JOffre_de_Castelnau_Rachitch_Yovanovitch_Vesnitch_Pachitch_Isvolski.JPG/472px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4399" data-file-height="2453" /></a><figcaption>Tittoni and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Antonio Salandra</a> at a conference of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a> on 27–28 March 1916 in Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>When <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out, in spite of his Triplicist policy (supporting the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882)" title="Triple Alliance (1882)">Triple Alliance</a>, the <i>Triplice</i>, of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) he openly expressed himself in favour of Italian neutrality, and on Italy's entry into the war he was careful not to compromise himself with Giolitti's attitude.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But he was not at his ease in the French capital, and in November 1916 he resigned from the Paris embassy. On the fall of the Orlando Cabinet in June 1919, the new Premier, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Francesco Saverio Nitti</a>, chose Tittoni as foreign minister and first delegate at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chisholm_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitti and Tittoni played down Italy's territorial claims, which disappointed interventionist like <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clark245_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clark245-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1919, Tittoni and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a>, agreed on a secret non-binding agreement, known as the <a href="/wiki/Venizelos%E2%80%93Tittoni_agreement" title="Venizelos–Tittoni agreement">Venizelos–Tittoni agreement</a> about the conflicting territorial claims of the two countries. Greece pledged to support the Italian claims over <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a> and the establishment of an Italian protectorate over Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greece would also secure for Italy a free zone at the port of <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> (under <a href="/wiki/Smyrna_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Smyrna Zone">Greek administration</a> from May 1919), while Italy pledged to support the Greek territorial claims over <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a> and transfer the <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a> to Greece, except for the island of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, which would remain under Italian rule until such time as <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> would be ceded to Greece by Britain. </p><p>The severe strain of the work told on his health forced Tittoni to resign in November 1919. He was chosen president of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Italy">Italian Senate</a> in December 1919, and soon after was appointed Italian delegate on the Council and Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, but ill-health again forced him to relinquish the latter two appointments. He remained president of the Senate until January 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-treccani2_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support_of_Mussolini">Support of Mussolini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Support of Mussolini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a>, Tittoni supported <a href="/wiki/Mussolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussolini">Mussolini</a>'s government and later became the first president of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Italy" title="Royal Academy of Italy">Royal Academy of Italy</a> (28 October 1929 – 16 September 1930), the most important cultural institution of the fascist dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-treccani2_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sarti340_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarti340-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 April 1923, he had received the supreme honour of the knighthood of the Annunziata by King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-treccani_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died from a heart attack in Rome on 7 February 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-ny080231_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ny080231-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-parlamento-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parlamento_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storia.camera.it/deputato/tommaso-tittoni-18551116/governi#nav">Tommaso Tittoni, Incarichi di governo</a>, Parlamento italiano (Accessed May 8, 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chisholm-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chisholm_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tittoni, Tommaso"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tittoni,_Tommaso">"Tittoni, Tommaso" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (12th ed.). 1922.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tittoni%2C+Tommaso&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=12th&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommaso+Tittoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ny080231-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ny080231_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ny080231_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/02/08/98594370.pdf">Tittoni Dies at 75; Italian Statesman</a>, The New York Times, February 8, 1931</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treccani2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treccani2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani2_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani2_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-tittoni_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/">Tittoni, Tommaso</a>, Francesco Tommasini, Treccani Enciclopedia Italiana (1937)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-childs8b-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-childs8b_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Childs, <i>Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya, 1911–1912</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHRxKz0xQJIC&pg=PA8">pp. 8-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clark184-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clark184_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, <i>Modern Italy: 1871 to the present</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFnIj7iyVQYC&pg=PA184">pp. 184-85</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarti136-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sarti136_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarti, <i>Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xhoLorFC1iwC&pg=PA136">p. 136</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-childs8-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-childs8_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Childs, <i>Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya, 1911–1912</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHRxKz0xQJIC&pg=PA8">pp. 8-11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treccani-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treccani_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-tittoni/">Tittóni, Tommaso</a>, Treccani enciclopedie on line Retrieved 8 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clark245-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clark245_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, <i>Modern Italy: 1871 to the present</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFnIj7iyVQYC&pg=PA245">p. 245</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burgwyn, <i>Italian foreign policy in the interwar period</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNHxISN-dmQC&pg=PA15">p. 15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarti340-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sarti340_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarti, <i>Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xhoLorFC1iwC&pg=PA340">p. 340</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Burgwyn, H. James (1997), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNHxISN-dmQC">Italian foreign policy in the interwar period: 1918 - 1940</a></i>, Westport: Praeger, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94877-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94877-1">978-0-275-94877-1</a></li> <li>Childs, Timothy W. (1990). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHRxKz0xQJIC">Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya, 1911–1912</a></i>, Leiden: E.J. Brill, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004090255" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004090255">978-9004090255</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tittoni, Tommaso"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tittoni,_Tommaso">"Tittoni, Tommaso" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tittoni%2C+Tommaso&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommaso+Tittoni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Clark, Martin (2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFnIj7iyVQYC">Modern Italy: 1871 to the present</a></i>, Harlow: Pearson Education, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4058-2352-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-4058-2352-6">1-4058-2352-6</a></li> <li>Sarti, Roland (2004). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xhoLorFC1iwC">Italy: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present</a></i>, New York: Facts on File Inc., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-81607-474-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-81607-474-7">0-81607-474-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Tittoni&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tommaso_Tittoni" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tommaso Tittoni">Tommaso Tittoni</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/035245">Newspaper clippings about Tommaso Tittoni</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Prinetti" title="Giulio Prinetti">Giulio Prinetti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1903–1905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonino Paternò Castello">Antonino Paternò Castello</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> </b><br />1905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Alessandro Fortis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Italian Minister of the Interior</a> </b><br />1905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Alessandro Fortis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Francesco Guicciardini</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1906–1909 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Francesco Guicciardini</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sidney Sonnino</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Scialoja" title="Vittorio Scialoja">Vittorio Scialoja</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adeodato_Bonasi" title="Adeodato Bonasi">Adeodato Bonasi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Italy">President of the Italian Senate</a> </b><br />1919–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federzoni" title="Luigi Federzoni">Luigi Federzoni</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Carlo_Farini" title="Luigi Carlo Farini">Farini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Menabrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Pelloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Fortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luzzatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Nitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Facta" title="Luigi Facta">Facta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri">Parri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adone_Zoli" title="Adone Zoli">Zoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni" title="Fernando Tambroni">Tambroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Spadolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Goria" title="Giovanni Goria">Goria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Ciampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">D'Alema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Letta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Renzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Draghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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Manno">Manno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Alfieri_di_Sostegno" title="Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno">Alfieri di Sostegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Settimo" title="Ruggero Settimo">Settimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Sclopis" title="Federico Sclopis">Sclopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrio_Casati" title="Gabrio Casati">Casati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Fardella_di_Torrearsa" title="Vincenzo Fardella di Torrearsa">Fardella di Torrearsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Des_Ambrois" title="Luigi Des Ambrois">Ambrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pasolini" title="Giuseppe Pasolini">Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Tecchio" title="Sebastiano Tecchio">Tecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Durando" title="Giacomo Durando">Durando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Farini" title="Domenico Farini">Farini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancredi_Canonico" title="Tancredi Canonico">Canonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Manfredi" title="Giuseppe Manfredi">Manfredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeodato_Bonasi" title="Adeodato Bonasi">Bonasi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federzoni" title="Luigi Federzoni">Federzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Suardo" title="Giacomo Suardo">Suardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Thaon_di_Revel" title="Paolo Thaon di Revel">Thaon di Revel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Tomasi_Della_Torretta" title="Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta">Tomasi Della Torretta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_De_Nicola" title="Enrico De Nicola">De Nicola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Paratore" title="Giuseppe Paratore">Paratore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuccio_Ruini" title="Meuccio Ruini">Ruini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Merzagora" title="Cesare Merzagora">Merzagora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Zelioli-Lanzini" title="Ennio Zelioli-Lanzini">Zelioli-Lanzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spagnolli" title="Giovanni Spagnolli">Spagnolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Morlino" title="Tommaso Morlino">Morlino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorino_Colombo" title="Vittorino Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Malagodi" title="Giovanni Malagodi">Malagodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Spadolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Scognamiglio" title="Carlo Scognamiglio">Scognamiglio Pasini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Mancino" title="Nicola Mancino">Mancino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Pera" title="Marcello Pera">Pera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Marini" title="Franco Marini">Marini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Schifani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Grasso" title="Pietro Grasso">Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_Casellati" title="Elisabetta Casellati">Casellati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">La Russa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template talk:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Italy)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)">Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pasolini" title="Giuseppe Pasolini">Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Di_Campello" title="Pompeo Di Campello">Campello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Menabrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Amedeo_Melegari" title="Luigi Amedeo Melegari">Melegari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodovico,_Count_Corti" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodovico, Count Corti">Corti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Stanislao_Mancini" title="Pasquale Stanislao Mancini">Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Felice_Nicolis,_conte_di_Robilant" title="Carlo Felice Nicolis, conte di Robilant">Robilant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba di Rudinì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Brin" title="Benedetto Brin">Brin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Blanc" title="Alberto Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onorato_Caetani_(1842%E2%80%931917)" title="Onorato Caetani (1842–1917)">Caetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Cappelli" title="Raffaele Cappelli">Capelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Napoleone_Canevaro" title="Felice Napoleone Canevaro">Canevaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Prinetti" title="Giulio Prinetti">Prinetti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Paternò Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Paternò Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Scialoja" title="Vittorio Scialoja">Scialoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Tomasi_Della_Torretta" title="Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta">Tommasi della Torretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Schanzer" title="Carlo Schanzer">Schanzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Guariglia" title="Raffaele Guariglia">Guariglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/42px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/63px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Martino" title="Gaetano Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> 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Tajani">Tajani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537144#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537144#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537144#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121442439">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95297299">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1492666/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd3PfdtBWHxXwwFGqY9Dq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124988431">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88253976">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15806893q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15806893q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tittoni, Tommaso"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV064625">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36316400">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/255589">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90750965">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810658252005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/267242">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278696705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08014880?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1245613">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="TITTONI, Tommaso"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-tittoni_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124988431.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124988431">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/080151612">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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