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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Carrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llegat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llegat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Llegat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llegat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antisemitisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisemitisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Antisemitisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisemitisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Obres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivan Turguénev</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 96 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Toergenef" title="Iwan Toergenef - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iwan Toergenef" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Тургенев, Иван Сергеевич - altaic meridional" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Тургенев, Иван Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaic meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%89%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8C%E1%8A%94%E1%89%AD" title="ኢቫን ቱርጌኔቭ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢቫን ቱርጌኔቭ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="إيفان تورغينيف - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفان تورغينيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ايفان تورجينيف - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايفان تورجينيف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev" title="Ivan Turguénev - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ivan Turguénev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Turgenev" title="İvan Turgenev - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İvan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81" title="ایوان تورقنیف - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایوان تورقنیف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Тургенев Иван Сергеевич - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тургенев Иван Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Іван Сяргеевіч Тургенеў - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іван Сяргеевіч Тургенеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Іван Тургенеў - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іван Тургенеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD" title="ইভান তুর্গেনেভ - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইভান তুর্গেনেভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Tourgeniev" title="Ivan Tourgeniev - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ivan Tourgeniev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Turgenjev - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ivan Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8E%DA%A4" title="ئیڤان تورگێنێڤ - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیڤان تورگێنێڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Turgen%C4%9Bv" title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgeněv - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgeněv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Тургенев Иван Сергеевич - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тургенев Иван Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Sergejewitsch_Turgenew" title="Iwan Sergejewitsch Turgenew - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iwan Sergejewitsch Turgenew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenyev" title="Ivan Turgenyev - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ivan Turgenyev" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%86" title="Ιβάν Τουργκένιεφ - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιβάν Τουργκένιεφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Turgu%C3%A9nev" title="Iván Turguénev - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iván Turguénev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81" title="ایوان تورگنیف - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایوان تورگنیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Tourgueniev" title="Ivan Tourgueniev - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivan Tourgueniev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Toergenjev" title="Ivan Toergenjev - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ivan Toergenjev" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91" title="איוואן טורגנייב - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איוואן טורגנייב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5" title="इवान तुर्गेन्येव - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इवान तुर्गेन्येव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Turgenjev - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Sergejewi%C4%8D_Turgenjew" title="Iwan Sergejewič Turgenjew - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Iwan Sergejewič Turgenjew" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Szergejevics_Turgenyev" title="Ivan Szergejevics Turgenyev - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ivan Szergejevics Turgenyev" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%87" title="Իվան Տուրգենև - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իվան Տուրգենև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%82" title="Իւան Թուրկենեւ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իւան Թուրկենեւ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergeyevich_Turgenev" title="Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dvan_T%C3%BArgenev" title="Ívan Túrgenev - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ívan Túrgenev" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergeevi%C4%8D_Turgenev" title="Ivan Sergeevič Turgenev - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ivan Sergeevič Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%84%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%95" title="イワン・ツルゲーネフ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イワン・ツルゲーネフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ივანე ტურგენევი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ივანე ტურგენევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Сергеевич Тургенев - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иван Сергеевич Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%98_%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%8C%EB%84%A4%ED%94%84" title="이반 투르게네프 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이반 투르게네프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Evan_Turgenyev" title="Îvan Turgenyev - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îvan Turgenyev" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Turgenev" title="Ioannes Turgenev - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanas_Turgenevas" title="Ivanas Turgenevas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ivanas Turgenevas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivans_Turge%C5%86evs" title="Ivans Turgeņevs - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ivans Turgeņevs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Tourgueniev" title="Ivan Tourgueniev - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ivan Tourgueniev" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇവാൻ തുർഗെനേവ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇവാൻ തുർഗെനേവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - maltès" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အိုင်ဗန် တူရဂေနျက် - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်ဗန် တူရဂေနျက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81" title="ایوان ترگنیف - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایوان ترگنیف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Toergenjev" title="Ivan Toergenjev - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ivan Toergenjev" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Turgenjev - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ivan Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5" title="ਇਵਾਨ ਤੁਰਗਨੇਵ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਵਾਨ ਤੁਰਗਨੇਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Turgieniew" title="Iwan Turgieniew - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwan Turgieniew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81" title="ایوان ترگنیف - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایوان ترگنیف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgu%C3%AAniev" title="Ivan Turguêniev - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ivan Turguêniev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgheniev" title="Ivan Turgheniev - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ivan Turgheniev" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Тургенев, Иван Сергеевич - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тургенев, Иван Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Turgenjev - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ivan Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Turgenev" title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgenev - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgenjev - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan Sergejevič Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergejevi%C3%A7_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Sergejeviç Turgenjev - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ivan Sergejeviç Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургењев - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иван Тургењев" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Turgenjev - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ivan Turgenjev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇవాన్ తుర్గేనెవ్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇవాన్ తుర్గేనెవ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9F" title="อีวาน ตูร์เกนเยฟ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีวาน ตูร์เกนเยฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Turgenyev" title="İvan Turgenyev - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İvan Turgenyev" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Иван Тургенев - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иван Тургенев" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%94%D0%B2_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Тургенєв Іван Сергійович - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тургенєв Іван Сергійович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%81" title="ایوان ترگنیف - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایوان ترگنیف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergeyevich_Turgenev" title="Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ivan Turgenev" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%A8%8A%C2%B7%E5%9C%9F%E5%81%A5%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%AB" title="伊樊·土健日夫 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊樊·土健日夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ივანე ტურგენევი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ივანე ტურგენევი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E5%B1%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB" title="伊万·屠格涅夫 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊万·屠格涅夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB" title="屠格涅夫 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="屠格涅夫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sergeyevich_Turgenev" title="Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB" title="屠格涅夫 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="屠格涅夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42831#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&oldid=34186722" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&id=34186722&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIvan_Turgu%25C3%25A9nev"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIvan_Turgu%25C3%25A9nev"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ivan+Turgu%C3%A9nev"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikisource.org/wiki/Autor:Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev" hreflang="ca"><span>Viquitexts</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42831" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33733479">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33733479"> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula persona"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula persona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Ivan Turguénev</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg/230px-Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg/345px-Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg/460px-Turgenev_by_Repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><br />Retrat de Turguénev, obra d'Ilià Repin (1879 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naixement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">28 octubre 1818 <sup>(Julià) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P569" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Oriol_(R%C3%BAssia)" title="Oriol (Rússia)">Oriol (Rússia)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P19" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">22 agost 1883 <sup>(Julià) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P570" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></sup> (64 anys)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bougival" title="Bougival">Bougival (Tercera República Francesa)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P20" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Causa de mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7577474" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7577474">tumor de medul·la espinal</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P509" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sepultura</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4263743" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4263743">Literàtorskie mostkí</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P119" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Residència</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19908749" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19908749">Ivan Turgenev museum</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19908749?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(–1851)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19908749" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19908749">Ivan Turgenev museum</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19908749?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(–1846)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23728375" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q23728375">Casa Linev</a> <small>(–1838)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersburg" title="Sant Petersburg">Sant Petersburg</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19908749" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19908749">Ivan Turgenev museum</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19908749?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19908749" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19908749">Ivan Turgenev museum</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19908749?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P551" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Formació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20266894" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20266894">Universitat de Berlin</a> <small> </small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27923720" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q27923720">Universitat Imperial de Moscou</a> <small> </small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3064303" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3064303">Facultat de Filosofia de la Universitat Estatal de Sant Petersburg</a> <small> </small><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitat_Humboldt_de_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Universitat Humboldt de Berlín">Universitat Humboldt de Berlín</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P69" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Camp de treball</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Literatura_russa" title="Literatura russa">Literatura russa</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P101" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Escriptor" title="Escriptor">escriptor</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12144794" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12144794">prosista</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q487596" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q487596">dramaturg</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6051619" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6051619">periodista d'opinió</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333634" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q333634">traductor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dramaturg" title="Dramaturg">dramaturg</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6625963" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6625963">novel·lista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poeta" title="Poeta">poeta</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15949613" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15949613">escriptor de contes</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P106" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Activitat</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">1834 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P2031" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> -  1883 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P2032" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupador</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4345832" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4345832">Acadèmia de Ciències de Sant Petersburg</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P108" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Membre de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4345832" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4345832">Acadèmia de Ciències de Sant Petersburg</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P463" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Gènere</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Conte" title="Conte">Conte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Povest" title="Povest">povest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elegia" title="Elegia">elegia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">forma dramàtica</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P136" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Moviment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Literatura_realista" title="Literatura realista">Literatura realista</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P135" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Professors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4478334" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4478334">Nikolai Gerasímovitx Ustrialov</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P1066" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Nom de ploma</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">.....въ <br />Иеремия <br />Т. <br />Т… <br />Т. Л. <br />Недобобов <br />И.Т. <br />Л. <br />—е— <br />И.С.Т. <br />Т……в <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P742" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Obra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="infobox-label" style="text-align:start;"><b>Obres destacables</b></div><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(1850)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3548839" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3548839">Un mes al camp</a></li><li><small>(1852)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2467862" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2467862">Mumu</a></li><li><small>(1852)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q760143" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q760143">Diari d'un caçador</a></li><li><small>(1856)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2633327" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2633327">Home of the Gentry</a></li><li><small>(1860)</small> <a href="/wiki/Pares_i_fills" title="Pares i fills">Pares i fills</a></li><li><small>(1876)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19222617" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19222617">Poemes en prosa</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P800" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Família</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Família</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4465821" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4465821">House of Turgenev</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4465821?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P53" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Cònjuge</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">cap valor <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P26" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Pares</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4465795" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4465795">Sergei Nikolaevitx Turgénev</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P22" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>  i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13049771" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q13049771">Vàrvara Petrovna Turgéneva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P25" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Germans</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4180706" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4180706">Vàrvara Jitova</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23722460" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q23722460">Nikolai Sergeievitx Turgénev</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P3373" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="infobox_coa"><b> Signatura </b><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg/220px-Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg/330px-Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg/440px-Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="141" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#P109" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm0877057" title="IMDB: nm0877057"><img alt="IMDB: nm0877057" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/20px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/30px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/40px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Latin_capital_letter_script_G_with_hook.svg/15px-Latin_capital_letter_script_G_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Latin_capital_letter_script_G_with_hook.svg/23px-Latin_capital_letter_script_G_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Latin_capital_letter_script_G_with_hook.svg/30px-Latin_capital_letter_script_G_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ivan Turguénev</b> (<a href="/wiki/Oriol_(R%C3%BAssia)" title="Oriol (Rússia)">Oriol</a>,<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/28_d%27octubre" title="28 d'octubre">28 d'octubre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a> <sup>(Julià)</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>- <a href="/wiki/Bougival" title="Bougival">Bougival</a>,<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/22_d%27agost" title="22 d'agost">22 d'agost</a> de <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a> <sup>(Julià)</sup>), nom complet amb <a href="/wiki/Patron%C3%ADmic" title="Patronímic">patronímic</a> <b>Ivan Serguéievitx Turguénev</b>, <a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">rus</a>: <span lang="ru" style="font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Code2000', sans-serif;font-style: normal;">Ива́н Серге́евич Турге́нев</span>, fou un <a href="/wiki/Escriptor" title="Escriptor">escriptor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novel%C2%B7lista" class="mw-redirect" title="Novel·lista">novel·lista</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dramaturg" title="Dramaturg">dramaturg</a> <a href="/wiki/Russos" title="Russos">rus</a>, considerat el més <a href="/wiki/Europeisme" title="Europeisme">europeista</a> dels narradors russos del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Biografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turguénev va nàixer en el si d'una rica família terratinent a <a href="/wiki/Oriol_(R%C3%BAssia)" title="Oriol (Rússia)">Oriol</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>. Son pare, Serguei Nikolàievitx Turguénev, coronel de la cavalleria imperial, va morir quan Ivan tenia setze anys, deixant-lo en companyia del seu germà Nicolau a cura de la seua abusiva mare, Varvara Petrovna Lutóvinova. Després d'acabar els estudis elementals, va estudiar durant un any a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Moscou" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitat de Moscou">Universitat de Moscou</a> i després a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_Estatal_de_Sant_Petersburg" title="Universitat Estatal de Sant Petersburg">Universitat Estatal de Sant Petersburg</a>, i s'especialitzà en els clàssics, literatura russa i <a href="/wiki/Filologia" title="Filologia">filologia</a>. </p><p>L'any <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>, va traslladar-se a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Berl%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitat de Berlín">Universitat de Berlín</a> a estudiar <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a>, particularment <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria" title="Història">història</a>. Va quedar impressionat amb la societat centreeuropea d'<a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>, i va tornar <i>occidentalitzat</i>, pensant que Rússia podia progressar imitant Europa, en oposició a la tendència eslavista, que en l'època era la dominant al seu país. Igual que molts dels seus contemporanis amb bon nivell d'educació, es va oposar especialment al sistema de <a href="/wiki/Servitud_a_R%C3%BAssia" title="Servitud a Rússia">servitud</a>. </p><p>Els primers intents literaris de Turguénev, incloent-hi poemes i esbossos, van mostrar el seu geni i van rebre comentaris favorables de <a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinski" title="Vissarion Belinski">Belinski</a>, llavors el principal crític literari rus. Al final de la seua vida, Turguénev va residir poc a Rússia; preferí <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> o <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, des que va conèixer, al <a href="/wiki/Teatre_Mari%C3%AFnski" title="Teatre Mariïnski">teatre Mariïnski</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersburg" title="Sant Petersburg">Sant Petersburg</a>, la cantant <a href="/wiki/Paulina_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Viardot" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina García de Viardot">Paulina García de Viardot</a> o <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Garcia-Viardot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauline Garcia-Viardot">Pauline Garcia-Viardot</a>, per l'amor de la qual abandonaria Rússia per establir-se a França i de la qual estaria enamorat sempre. </p><p>Mai no va contraure matrimoni, si bé va tenir un fill amb una de les serves de la seua família. Alt i robust, el seu caràcter es va destacar per la seua timidesa, introspecció i parlar suau. El seu amic literari més pròxim va ser <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>. Les seues relacions amb <a href="/wiki/Lev_Nikol%C3%A0ievitx_Tolstoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Nikolàievitx Tolstoi">Lev Tolstoi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fi%C3%B3dor_Dostoievski" title="Fiódor Dostoievski">Fiódor Dostoievski</a> van ser sovint tenses, considerant la tendència proeslava d'ambdós. </p><p>La seua complicada relació amb Tolstoi va atènyer tal grau d'enfrontament que, l'any 1861, Tolstoi el va reptar a un duel, tot i que després es va disculpar. No obstant això, van deixar de parlar-se durant 17 anys. Per altra banda, Dostoievski va parodiar Turguénev en la seua novel·la <i>Els dimonis</i> (1872), amb el personatge del novel·lista, Karmàzinov. L'any 1880, el famós discurs de Dostoievski en la inauguració del monument a <a href="/wiki/Puixkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Puixkin">Puixkin</a> va tractar sobre la seua reconciliació amb Turguénev. </p><p>Ocasionalment, va visitar <a href="/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra">Anglaterra</a>, i l'any <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a> la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_d%27Oxford" title="Universitat d'Oxford">Universitat d'Oxford</a> li va atorgar un títol honorífic. Va morir a <a href="/wiki/Bougival" title="Bougival">Bougival</a>, prop de <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>. En el seu llit de mort, va exclamar referint-se a Tolstoi: «Amic, torna a la literatura». El fet és que, posteriorment, Tolstoi va escriure grans obres, com ara <i>La mort d'Ivan Ilitx</i> i <i>Sonata Kreutzer</i>. </p><p>L'any <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>, es va pesar el <a href="/wiki/Cervell" title="Cervell">cervell</a> de Turguénev, i se'n verificà la inusual mesura de 2.021 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">grams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carrera">Carrera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Carrera"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg/220px-Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg/330px-Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg/440px-Ivan_Turgenev_1929_Catalan_translation_Fathers_and_Sons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1739" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption><i><b>Pares i Fills</b></i> de Turguénev traduïda al català i publicada a Badalona l'any 1929 dins la col·lecció <a href="/wiki/A_tot_vent" title="A tot vent">A Tot Vent</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>El primer èxit literari de Turguénev va ser <i>Diari d'un caçador</i>, conegut també com a <i>Esbossos de l'àlbum d'un caçador</i> o <i>Apunts d'un caçador</i>. Basada en les mateixes observacions de l'autor mentre caçava ocells o llebres a la regió natal de sa mare, Spàsskoie, l'obra va aparèixer en forma de col·lecció l'any <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>. En aquell mateix any, entre el <i>Diari...</i> i la seua primera novel·la important, Turguénev va escriure una notable <a href="/w/index.php?title=Necrol%C3%B2gica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necrològica (encara no existeix)">necrològica</a> per al seu ídol <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_G%C3%B3gol" title="Nikolai Gógol">Gógol</a> a la <i>Gaseta de Sant Petersburg</i>: </p> <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">« </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="">...Gògol ha mort!... quin cor rus no es commociona per aquestes tres paraules?...Se n'ha anat l'home que ara té el dret, l'amarg dret que ens dona la mort, de ser qualificat de gran... </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller;">— Ivan Turguénev (1852) </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>El censor de Sant Petersburg no va aprovar aquesta idolatria, però Turguénev va convèncer el censor de Moscou per a publicar-la. Aquesta estratègia li va valdre al jove escriptor un mes de presó, i l'exili a la seua regió d'origen per prop de dos anys. </p><p>En la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1840" title="Dècada del 1840">dècada del 1840</a> i principis de <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>, durant el regnat del <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolau_I_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Nicolau I de Rússia">Nicolau I</a>, el clima polític de <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> era desassossegador per a molts escriptors. Aquesta circumstància es va fer evident amb la mort de Gógol, la notòria opressió, les persecucions i arrestos d'artistes, científics i escriptors, inclòs Dostoievski. En aquesta època, milers d'intel·lectuals russos van emigrar a Europa, entre ells, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Herzen" title="Aleksandr Herzen">Aleksandr Herzen</a> i el mateix Turguénev. </p><p>A aquest període, pertanyen diversos <i>póvesti,</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> com ara <i>Diari d'un home superflu</i>, <i>Viatge del cinquè cavall</i>, <i>Faust</i> o <i>La treva</i>. En totes aquestes obres, Turguénev expressa les ansietats i esperances de la seua generació. L'any <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>, va escriure la seua novel·la <i>Niu de nobles</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> història de la nostàlgia per allò que s'ha perdut, que conté un dels seus personatges femenins més memorables, Ielena. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_II_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Alexandre II de Rússia">Alexandre II</a> va pujar al tron i el clima polític es va relaxar un poc. El 1859, Turguénev va escriure la novel·la <i>En les vespres</i>, retrat del revolucionari <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">búlgar</a> Dimitri. </p><p>L'any <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>, va publicar <i><a href="/wiki/Pares_i_fills" title="Pares i fills">Pares i fills</a></i>, el seu treball més reconegut. El personatge principal, Bazàrov, esdevingué l'arquetip dels personatges de ficció de la novel·la russa de l'època. </p><p>No obstant això, la reacció de la crítica va ser dolenta, i Turguénev -desil·lusionat- va començar a disminuir el seu ritme creatiu. La seua obra següent, <i>Fum</i>, es va publicar l'any 1867, però de nou l'acollida a Rússia va ser poc entusiasta. Durant aquesta època, va escriure també contes curts, com <i>Torrents de primavera</i>, <i>Primer amor</i> i <i>Àsia</i>, que posteriorment es reunirien en tres volums. Una de les seves millors novel·les, <i>Primer amor</i> ('Первая любовь'), que es basava en records agredolços de la infància, i va pronunciar el seu discurs (<i>Hamlet i el Quixot</i>, en una lectura pública) a <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersburg" title="Sant Petersburg">Sant Petersburg</a>) en ajuda dels escriptors i estudiosos que patien dificultats. La visió que s'hi presenta de l'home dividit entre l'escepticisme egocèntric de Hamlet i la generositat idealista del Quixot és una que es pot dir que impregna les pròpies obres de Turguéniev. Val a dir que Dostoievski, que acabava de tornar de l'exili a <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A8ria" title="Sibèria">Sibèria</a>, va ser present en aquest discurs, perquè vuit anys més tard havia d'escriure <i><a href="/wiki/L%27idiota" title="L'idiota">L'idiota</a></i>, una novel·la el tràgic heroi de la qual, el príncep Mixkin, s'assembla en molts aspectes al Quixot. Turguéniev, el coneixement del castellà del qual, gràcies al contacte amb <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Viardot" title="Pauline Viardot">Pauline Viardot</a> i la seva família, va ser prou bo perquè s'hagués plantejat traduir la novel·la de <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_Saavedra" title="Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra">Cervantes</a> al rus, va tenir un paper important en la introducció d'aquesta figura immortal de la literatura mundial en el context rus.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els seus últims treballs van ser <i>Poesia i prosa</i> i <i>Klara Mílitx</i>, publicats a l'<i>European Messenger</i>. </p><p>Hom considera Turguénev com un dels grans novel·listes del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, amb <a href="/wiki/William_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="William Makepeace Thackeray">Thackeray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a> i <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>, tot i que el seu estil va ser molt diferent d'aquests escriptors nord-americans i britànics. També ha estat comparat amb els seus compatriotes Tolstoi i Dostoievski, que van escriure sobre circumstàncies i temes semblants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llegat">Llegat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Llegat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg/220px-Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg/330px-Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg/440px-Ivan_Turgenev_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption> Turguéniev al final de la seva carrera.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png/180px-RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png/270px-RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png/360px-RR5009-0010R_BU_175-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98.%D0%A1.%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption> Moneda russa d'1 ruble de 1993 commemorativa del 175è aniversari del naixement de Turguéniev</figcaption></figure> <p>La puresa artística de Turguéniev el va convertir en el favorit dels novel·listes afins de la propera generació, com <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> i <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a>, els quals preferien molt Turguénev a Tolstoi i Dostoievski. James, que va escriure no menys de cinc assaigs crítics sobre l'obra de Turguéniev, va afirmar que «el seu mèrit de forma és de primer ordre» (1873) i va lloar la seva <i>exquisida delicadesa</i>, que «fa que sembli que massa dels seus rivals ens sosté., en comparació, per mitjans violents, i introduir-nos, en comparació, a coses vulgars» (1896).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_Nab%C3%B3kov" title="Vladímir Nabókov">Vladímir Nabókov</a>, conegut pel seu acomiadament casual de molts grans escriptors, va elogiar la <i>prosa musical fluida plàstica</i> de Turguéniev, però va criticar els seus <i>epílegs laboriosos</i> i el <i>maneig banal de les trames</i>. Nabokov va afirmar que Turguéniev «no és un gran escriptor, encara que agradable», i el va situar en quart lloc entre els prosistes russos del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, per darrere de Tolstoi, Gógol i <a href="/wiki/Anton_Tx%C3%A9khov" title="Anton Txékhov">Anton Txékhov</a>, però per davant de Dostoievski.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les seves idees idealistes sobre l'amor, concretament la devoció que una dona hauria de mostrar al seu marit, van ser referides cínicament pels personatges d'<i>Una història anònima</i> de Txékhov. <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a> va aclamar el compromís de Turguéniev amb l'humanisme, el pluralisme i la reforma gradual davant la revolució violenta com a representació dels millors aspectes del liberalisme rus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antisemitisme">Antisemitisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Antisemitisme"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turguéniev era conegut per les seves descripcions pejoratives dels jueus, per exemple a la seva història <i>El jueu</i> (1847). (El títol de la història en rus, жид (zhyd), és un <a href="/wiki/Despectiu" title="Despectiu">pejoratiu</a>.) La història descriu un <i>zhyd</i> anomenat Girshel com a curt i prim, amb els cabells vermells, els ulls vermellosos que parpelleja constantment i el nas llarg i tort. Persegueix la seva cobdícia fins al punt de prostituir la seva filla i se li diu que <i>els diners són una cosa bona, amb ells pots aconseguir qualsevol cosa</i>. Hirschel es descriu amb cor trencat, i en la descripció del seu judici per càrrecs d'espionatge, és condemnat a mort. Turguéniev el descriu com tremolant amb tot el cos, cridant i maullant, <i>fins que involuntàriament ens va portar un somriure a la cara</i>. De la mateixa manera, la pallissa d'un altre jueu i l'intent de matar-lo es descriuen com una riallada del públic.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obres">Obres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Obres"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Va escriure relats breus, com <i>Primer amor</i>, <i>Fum</i>, o la col·lecció de contes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diari_d%27un_ca%C3%A7ador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diari d'un caçador (encara no existeix)">Diari d'un caçador</a></i>, que reflecteix amb realisme la vida del camp i dels serfs. En les seues novel·les d'ambient rural, els temes dominants són la frustració vital, els amors fracassats, la crítica a la vida <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">russa</a> o les noves ideologies. En destaquen els títols <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudin (encara no existeix)">Rudin</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niu_de_nobles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niu de nobles (encara no existeix)">Niu de nobles</a></i> i <i>Pares i fills</i>. Aquesta última és possiblement la seua millor novel·la, en què planteja la diferència entre dues generacions a causa del pensament <a href="/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme">nihilista</a>, molt de moda a l'època en què va ser escrita. Tot i que la seua reputació ha patit alguns retrocessos durant l'últim segle, la novel·la <i><a href="/wiki/Pares_i_fills" title="Pares i fills">Pares i fills</a></i> és reconeguda com un dels treballs de ficció més importants del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. </p> <dl><dt>Novel·les</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>1857 - <i>Rudin</i></li> <li>1859 - <i>Niuada de gentilhomes</i></li> <li>1860 - <i>En les vespres</i></li> <li>1862 - <i><a href="/wiki/Pares_i_fills" title="Pares i fills">Pares i fills</a></i></li> <li>1867 - <i>Fum</i></li> <li>1877 - <i>Terra verge</i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Relats breus</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>1850 - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diari_d%27un_home_superflu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diari d'un home superflu (encara no existeix)">Diari d'un home superflu</a></i></li> <li>1851 - <i>Dama de província</i></li> <li>1852 - <i>Diari d'un caçador</i></li> <li>1855 - <i>Iàkov Pàssinkov</i></li> <li>1856 - <i>Faust: Història en nou cartes</i></li> <li>1858 - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80sia_(novel%C2%B7la)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àsia (novel·la) (encara no existeix)">Àsia</a></i></li> <li>1860 - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primer_amor_(novel%C2%B7la)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primer amor (novel·la) (encara no existeix)">Primer amor</a></i></li> <li>1870 - <i>Un Lear de les estepes</i></li> <li>1872 - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torrents_de_primavera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torrents de primavera (encara no existeix)">Torrents de primavera</a></i></li> <li>1881 - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ntic_de_l%27amor_triomfal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càntic de l'amor triomfal (encara no existeix)">Càntic de l'amor triomfal</a></i></li> <li>1882 - <i>Klara Mílitx</i> (<i>Contes misteriosos</i>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Drames</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>1843 - <i>Neostorójnost</i></li> <li>1847 - <i>Gde tonko, tam i rviótsia</i></li> <li>1849/1856 - <i>Zàvtrak u predvodítelia</i></li> <li>1850/1851 - <i>Razgovor na bolxoi dorogue</i> (<i>Conversa a la ruta</i>)</li> <li>1846/1852 - <i>Bezdénejie</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=La_fortuna_de_l%27idiota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La fortuna de l'idiota (encara no existeix)">La fortuna de l'idiota</a>)</li> <li>1857/1862 - <i>Nakhlébnik</i> (Càrrega de família)</li> <li>1855/1872 - <i>Mésiats v derevne</i> (Un mes al camp)</li> <li>1882 - <i>Vécher v Sorrento</i> (capvespre a Sorrento)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Traduccions al català</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Niuada de gentilhomes</i>, <a href="/wiki/Edicions_62" title="Edicions 62">Edicions 62</a> (<a href="/wiki/Les_millors_obres_de_la_literatura_universal" title="Les millors obres de la literatura universal">Les millors obres de la literatura universal</a>). Traducció a cura d'Olga Savarin i Enric Palau</li> <li><i>Pares i fills</i>, Edicions Proa. Traducció de <a href="/wiki/Francesc_Payarols" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Payarols">Francesc Payarols</a>, 1929.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pares_i_fills" title="Pares i fills">Pares i fills</a></i>, Marbot Ediciones, Traducció original de Francesc Payarols, revisada i actualitzada per Ana Guelbenzu. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/_9788492728183" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/ 9788492728183">ISBN 9788492728183</a></li> <li><i>Diari d'un home sobrer</i>. Servei de Publicacions de la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_Aut%C3%B2noma_de_Barcelona" title="Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona">Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</a>, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788449023828" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788449023828">ISBN 9788449023828</a></li> <li><i>Un mes al camp</i>, Proa. Traducció de Miquel Cabal Guarro, 2011. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7588-227-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7588-227-7">ISBN 978-84-7588-227-7</a></li> <li><i>Dos amics</i>, Viena Edicions, Petits Plaers de Viena. Traducció de Jaume Creus, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-120244-4-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-120244-4-9">ISBN 978-84-120244-4-9</a></li> <li><i>El primer amor</i>, Angle Editorial. Traducció de Miquel Cabal Guarro, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-17214-73-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-17214-73-9">ISBN 978-84-17214-73-9</a></li> <li><i>Infeliç</i>. Viena Edicions, Petits Plaers de Viena. Traducció de Jaume Creus, 2021. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-17998-67-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-17998-67-7">ISBN 978-84-17998-67-7</a></li> <li><i>Fum</i>. Adesiara Editorial. Traducció de Laia Santanach, 2021. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-16948-70-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-16948-70-3">ISBN 978-84-16948-70-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Llibre_Guinness_dels_R%C3%A8cords" class="mw-redirect" title="Llibre Guinness dels Rècords">Llibre Guinness dels Rècords</a>, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"Póvesti"</i>, novel·les curtes en rus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Niu de nobles</i>: (<i>Дворянское гнездо</i>, publicada l'any 1859)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Ernst Laage, <i><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Storm" title="Theodor Storm">Theodor Storm</a>. Biographie</i> (Heide: Boyens, 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry James, <i>European Writers & The Prefaces</i> (The Library of America: New York, 1984).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vladimir Nabokov, <i>Lectures on Russian Literature</i> (HBJ, San Diego: 1981).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFChebankova2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Chebankova</span>, Elena «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922013039/http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/13529/2/Contemporary%20Russian%20liberalism.pdf">Còpia arxivada</a>». <i>Post-Soviet Affairs</i>, 30, 5, 2014, pàg. 341–69. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/13529/2/Contemporary%20Russian%20liberalism.pdf">original</a> el 2017-09-22. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F1060586X.2014.892743">10.1080/1060586X.2014.892743</a> [Consulta: 7 desembre 2018].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Golan</span>, Shammai. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131020214217/http://www.shammaigolan.com/146795/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9F">Dostoevsky's Antisemitism</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shammaigolan.com/146795/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99-%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9F">original</a> el 20 d’octubre de 2013.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLivak2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Livak</span>, Leonid «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240812140756/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20620927">Còpia arxivada</a>». <i>The Russian Review</i>, 68, 1, 2009, pàg. 49–69. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20620927">original</a> el 2024-08-12. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9434.2009.00512.x">10.1111/j.1467-9434.2009.00512.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-0341">0036-0341</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20620927">20620927</a> [Consulta: 2 setembre 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKatz2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Katz</span>, Elena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789042031487/B9789042031487-s011.xml"><i>Turgenev and the 'Jewish Question'</i></a> (en anglès).  Brill, 2010. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-90-420-3148-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-90-420-3148-7">ISBN 978-90-420-3148-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turgenev+and+the+%27Jewish+Question%27&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.pub=Brill&rft.isbn=978-90-420-3148-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789042031487%2FB9789042031487-s011.xml"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230919130004/https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789042031487/B9789042031487-s011.xml">Arxivat</a> 2023-09-19 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Iván Turguénev. <i>La reliquia viviente</i>.  Girona: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ediciones_Atalanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ediciones Atalanta (encara no existeix)">Ediciones Atalanta</a>, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-935313-4-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-935313-4-8">ISBN 978-84-935313-4-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+reliquia+viviente&rft.au=Iv%C3%A1n+Turgu%C3%A9nev&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Girona%3A+%5B%5BEdiciones+Atalanta%5D%5D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Patrick Waddington. <i>Turguénev e Inglaterra</i>.  Ed. Macmillan, 1980. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-333-22072-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-333-22072-2">ISBN 0-333-22072-2</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turgu%C3%A9nev+e+Inglaterra&rft.au=Patrick+Waddington&rft.date=1980&rft.pub=Ed.+Macmillan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Peter Brang: <i>I.S. Turgenev. Sein Leben und sein Werk.</i> Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1977, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/3447017775" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-447-01777-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Borkowsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Borkowsky (encara no existeix)">Ernst Borkowsky</a>: <i>Turgenjew.</i> Hofmann, Berlin 1903.</li> <li>Juan Eduardo Zúñiga: <i>Iwan S. Turgenjew. Eine Biographie.</i> (= <i>Insel-TB.</i> Band 2744). Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2001, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/3458344446" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-458-34444-6</a>.</li> <li>Horst-Jürgen Gerigk: <i>Turgenjew. Eine Einführung für den Leser von heute</i> (= <i>Beiträge zur neueren Literaturgeschichte.</i> Band 338). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2015, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9783825364281" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8253-6428-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Turgu%C3%A9nev&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin:5px; padding: 5px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left;" class="infobox noprint plainlinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">En altres projectes de <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Wikimedia" title="Fundació Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="commons:Иван Сергеевич Тургенев"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Galeria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivan_Turgenev" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ivan Turgenev"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Categoria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42831?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viquitexts"><img alt="Viquitexts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/34px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Viquitexts</figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="https://ca.wikisource.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgu%C3%A8nev" class="extiw" title="s:Ivan Turguènev">Viquitexts</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=2374">Biografia</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En castellà">(castellà)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ivanturgenevchronicle.blogspot.com">Crònica d'Ivan Turguénev</a> per Erik Lindgren <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/turgenev.htm">Breu biografia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430043355/http://kirjasto.sci.fi/turgenev.htm">Arxivat</a> 2009-04-30 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turgenevmusica.info/index.html">Turguénev i la música russa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207154904/http://www.turgenevmusica.info/index.html">Arxivat</a> 2009-02-07 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En 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