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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Theatres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mosques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mosques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Mosques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mosques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>National events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orenburg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="أورينبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أورينبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oremburgu" title="Oremburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oremburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburq" title="Orenburq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orenburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="اورنبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورنبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Ырымбур – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ырымбур" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Арэнбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арэнбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Арэнбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арэнбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenbourg" title="Orenbourg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Orenbourg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Ăренпур – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăренпур" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Orenburg (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Orenburg (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ορενμπούργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορενμπούργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Оренбург ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Оренбург ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oremburgo" title="Oremburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oremburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburgo" title="Orenburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orenburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="اورنبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورنبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenbourg" title="Orenbourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orenbourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A0%8C%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="오렌부르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오렌부르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Օրենբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրենբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenb%C3%BArg" title="Orenbúrg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Orenbúrg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="אורנבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורנבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ორენბურგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორენბურგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Орынбор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орынбор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburgum" title="Orenburgum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Orenburgum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburga" title="Orenburga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orenburga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburgas" title="Orenburgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orenburgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="ओरेनबर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओरेनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ორენბურგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ორენბურგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="オレンブルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オレンブルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="اورنبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اورنبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="اورینبرګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اورینبرګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oremburgo" title="Oremburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oremburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓரன்பர்க் நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓரன்பர்க் நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Ырынбур – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ырынбур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="โอเรนบุร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอเรนบุร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Оренбург – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Оренбург" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%80%AB%E5%A0%A1" title="奧倫堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧倫堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="奥伦堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥伦堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Orenburg" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orenburg&params=51_47_N_55_06_E_type:city(548331)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">55°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.783°N 55.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.783; 55.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative centre of Orenburg Oblast, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Orenburg (disambiguation)">Orenburg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Orenburg" title="Special:EditPage/Orenburg">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Orenburg%22">"Orenburg"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Orenburg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Orenburg%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Orenburg%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Orenburg%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Orenburg%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Orenburg Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Orenburg</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Оренбург</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref124_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orenburg,_Orenburg_Oblast,_Russia_-_panoramio_(12).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2812%29.jpg/288px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2812%29.jpg/432px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2812%29.jpg/576px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2812%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orenburg,_Orenburg_Oblast,_Russia_-_panoramio_(14).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/87px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/131px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/174px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orenburg,_Orenburg_Oblast,_Russia_-_panoramio_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/197px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/296px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/394px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg/142px-Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg/213px-Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg/284px-Russia_Orenburg_Ioanna_Bogoslova_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orenburg,_Orenburg_Oblast,_Russia_-_panoramio_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/142px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/213px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/284px-Orenburg%2C_Orenburg_Oblast%2C_Russia_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Orenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Orenburg"><img alt="Flag of Orenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Orenburg.svg/125px-Flag_of_Orenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Orenburg.svg/188px-Flag_of_Orenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Orenburg.svg/250px-Flag_of_Orenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Orenburg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Orenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Orenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Orenburg</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_6d7bfd328f4fd2ce3e7555f00da3b0cf86422d38"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Orenburg&revid=1253324561&groups=_6d7bfd328f4fd2ce3e7555f00da3b0cf86422d38" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Orenburg&revid=1253324561&groups=_6d7bfd328f4fd2ce3e7555f00da3b0cf86422d38 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orenburg is located in Orenburg Oblast"><img alt="Orenburg is located in Orenburg Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Orenburg_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1489" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.262%;left:40.141%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orenburg"><img alt="Orenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Orenburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Orenburg</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Orenburg Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orenburg is located in European Russia"><img alt="Orenburg is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.971%;left:78.904%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orenburg"><img alt="Orenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Orenburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Orenburg (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orenburg is located in Russia"><img alt="Orenburg is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.861%;left:19.9%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Orenburg"><img alt="Orenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Orenburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Orenburg (Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orenburg&params=51_47_N_55_06_E_type:city(548331)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">55°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.783°N 55.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.783; 55.100</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref124_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1743<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg_City_Duma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orenburg City Duma (page does not exist)">City Duma</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Salmin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Salmin (page does not exist)">Sergey Salmin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Глава_города_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Глава_города-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">258.57 km<sup>2</sup> (99.83 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">150 m (490 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">548,331</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">564,773 (<span style="color:green;">+3%</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">28th</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,100/km<sup>2</sup> (5,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">City</a> of Orenburg<sup id="cite_ref-Ref124_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Orenburg Oblast,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref124_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orenburgsky_District" title="Orenburgsky District">Orenburgsky District</a><sup id="cite_ref-OKATO_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Orenburg Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref265_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref265-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Orenburg Urban Okrug, Orenburgsky Municipal District</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg_Time" title="Yekaterinburg Time">MSK+2</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">460000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 3532</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">53701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orenburg.ru/">orenburg<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Orenburg</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Оренбу́рг</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ɐrʲɪnˈburk]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>: <span lang="kk">Орынбор</span>), formerly known as <b>Chkalov</b> (1938–1957), is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and former capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kazak_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazak ASSR">Kazak ASSR</a>. It lies on <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural River</a>, where it forms the <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents" title="Boundaries between the continents">boundary between Europe and Asia</a>, and is 1,478 kilometers (918 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. </p><p>Orenburg is close to the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan-Russia_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan-Russia border">border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several historians have tried to explain the origins of the city's name. It was traditionally accepted that the word "orenburg" means a fortress on the <a href="/wiki/Or_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Or River">River Or</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all probability, the word combination "orenburg" was proposed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=I._K._Kirillov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I. K. Kirillov (page does not exist)">I. K. Kirillov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Кирилов, Иван Кириллович">ru</a>]</span>, the founder of the city. In 1734, in accordance with his project, a package of governmental documents was worked out. This was the starting point for Orenburg as a fortress city near the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Or_(river)" title="Or (river)">Or</a> and Ural rivers. </p><p>On 7 June 1734, "A Privilege for Orenburg" (tsar's edict) was ordered by <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Empress Anna Ioannovna</a>. </p><p>While the construction site of the main fortress changed many times (down the River Ural), the name "Orenburg" has not changed since its founding in 1743. Between 1938 and 1957, the city was referred to as Chkalov,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> named after the famous Soviet pilot <a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Valery Chkalov</a>, although he was not born in and never lived in Orenburg, and never visited Orenburg. In 1954, Chkalov's five-meter bronze sculpture was erected on the occasion of his 50th birth anniversary; this was installed on a seven-meter pedestal on the Boulevard (the riverside promenade of the city, commonly named "Belovka"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1734, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> began to expand its dominance and influence in Asia by building a fortified city called Orenburg on its eastern border (Southern Urals). For this purpose, in 1735, Ivan Kirilov, a cartographer and statistician, began to develop the settlement at the confluence of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Or_(river)" title="Or (river)">Or</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ural_(river)" title="Ural (river)">Ural</a>, and the first settlement was chosen during his expedition. He claimed that the town was needed "to open a transit route to Bukhara, Badakhshan, Balkh and India" and that "riches in the form of gold, lapis lazuli and garnets could be obtained from it". After his death, a new manager of the Orenburg expedition, <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tatishchev" title="Vasily Tatishchev">Vasily Tatishchev</a>, was appointed who did not consider the place suitable for building a city. Therefore, in 1739 he began preparations for the construction of a new town with the old name on Krasnaya Gora (Red Mountain), downstream of the Ural (Yaik)River. The old settlement was named the Orsk fortress (now the city of <a href="/wiki/Orsk" title="Orsk">Orsk</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 6, 1741, the new town was laid out. However, its construction never started. The place on Krasnaya Gora was not suitable for the construction of the city, as it was treeless, rocky and far from the river. A new manager of the Orenburg expedition <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Neplyuev" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Neplyuev">Ivan Neplyuev</a> was appointed, and on April 19, 1743, Orenburg was built up on the third attempt, at the place where the Berd settlement was earlier located, 75 km (46miles) from the Krasnaya Gora. In the summer of 1742, Neplyuev was assigned to build the city on the site of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Yaik" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaik">Yaik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakmara_(river)" title="Sakmara (river)">Sakmara</a>. The new place, surrounded by forests and fields where the Yaik and Sakumara rivers converge, was chosen by Neplyuev himself. Today it is the historical center of the city. The town built on the Red Mountain was named Krasnogorsk. Thus, in 1743 Ivan Neplyuev founded Orenburg on thesite of present-day Orsk, about 250 kilometers west of the Urals. This third Orenburg served as an important military outpost on the border with the nomadic <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a>. It became the center of the Orenburg Cossacks. In the first half of the 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> constructed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irtysh_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irtysh line (page does not exist)">Irtysh line</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Иртышская линия">ru</a>]</span>, a series of forty-six forts, including Orenburg,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to prevent Kazakh and <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar</a> raids into Russian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orenburg played a major role in <a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a> (1773–1774), the largest peasant revolt in Russian history. At the time, it was the capital of a vast district and the seat of the governor. Yemelyan Pugachev besieged the city and its fortress from nearby <a href="/wiki/Berdy_(Orenburg)" title="Berdy (Orenburg)">Berda</a> from October 1773 to March 26, 1774. The defense was organized by Governor of Orenburg lieutenant-general <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Рейнсдорп, Иван Андреевич">Reinsdorf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Голицын, Пётр Михайлович">Golytsin</a> defeated Pugachev at Berda, and later again at <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Каргала (Оренбургская область)">Kargala</a> (north of Orenburg).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the city was left in ruins, and thousands of inhabitants had died in the siege. Government forces crushed revolt towards the end of 1774 by General <a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Michelsohnen" title="Johann von Michelsohnen">Michelsohn</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tsaritsyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsaritsyn">Tsaritsyn</a>. Further reprisals against rebel areas were carried out by General <a href="/wiki/Petr_Ivanovich_Panin" title="Petr Ivanovich Panin">Peter Panin</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a> visited Orenburg in 1833 during a research trip for his books <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Pugachev" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of Pugachev">The History of Pugachev</a></i> and his famous novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Captain%27s_Daughter" title="The Captain's Daughter">The Captain's Daughter</a></i>. He met his friend <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dal" title="Vladimir Dal">Vladimir Dal</a> here, who would later write the first serious dictionary of the Russian language. </p><p>Orenburg was the base for General <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Alekseevich_Perovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky">Perovsky</a>'s expeditions against the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a> in the 1830s through 1850s. After the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, Orenburg became a trading station and, since the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Aral_Railway" title="Trans-Aral Railway">Trans-Aral Railway</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Junction_(rail)" title="Junction (rail)">railway junction</a> en route to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">new Central Asian possessions</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. </p><p>Orenburg functioned as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>) within Russia from 1920 to 1925. When that republic was renamed <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic</a> in 1925, Orenburg joined Russia and <a href="/wiki/Kyzylorda" title="Kyzylorda">Kyzylorda</a> became the new capital. <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> became the capital in 1929 after the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Turkestan%E2%80%93Siberia_Railway" title="Turkestan–Siberia Railway">Turkestan–Siberia Railway</a>. Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was promoted to union republic status as the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh SSR">Kazakh SSR</a> in 1936. Orenburg remained in Russia. From 1938 to 1957, the city bore the name <b>Chkalov</b> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Чка́лов</span></span>) (after the prominent test pilot <a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Valery Chkalov</a>). The city's distance from the German invasion during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> led many Soviet enterprises to flee there, helping to spur the city's economic growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">122,190</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+69.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,726</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+40.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,317</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">344,266</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+28.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">458,747</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">546,501</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">549,361</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">548,331</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">543,654</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Orenburg is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref124_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it also serves as the administrative centre of <a href="/wiki/Orenburgsky_District" title="Orenburgsky District">Orenburgsky District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OKATO_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though it is not a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-OKATO2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKATO2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is, together with ten <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">rural localities</a>, incorporated separately as the <b><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">City</a> of Orenburg</b><sup id="cite_ref-Ref124_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast">districts</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, the City of Orenburg is incorporated as <b>Orenburg Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref265_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref265-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is in the basin of the middle branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(river)" title="Ural (river)">River Ural</a>, near its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Sakmara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakmara River">River Sakmara</a>. The highest point of the city is 154.4 meters (507 ft).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ural_(river)" title="Ural (river)">Ural River</a> forms the <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents" title="Boundaries between the continents">boundary between Europe and Asia</a> in Orenburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orenburg is home to several large companies or their subsidiaries: <i>Orenburggazprom</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>; <i>Orenburgneft</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/TNK-BP" title="TNK-BP">TNK-BP</a> oil company; <i>Orenburgenergy</i>, one of the biggest energy generating companies in Russia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orenburg has been a major railway centre ever since the Samara-Zlatoust and <a href="/wiki/Trans-Aral_Railway" title="Trans-Aral Railway">Orenburg-Tashkent</a> railroads were completed, respectively in 1876 and 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orenburg's main airport is the <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Tsentralny_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Orenburg Tsentralny Airport">Orenburg Tsentralny Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-orenair1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orenair1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located about 25 kilometers (16 mi) east of the city, on the Orsk destination, and used to be the headquarters of now defunct <a href="/wiki/Orenair" title="Orenair">Orenair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-orenair1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orenair1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City public transport includes bus, trolleybus and also <i>marshrutkas</i> (fixed-route cabs). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orenburg is located in the border of <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BSk</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_humid_continental_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer humid continental climate">hot-summer humid continental climate</a> (Köppen climate classification <i>Dfa</i>) zones with quite long and hot summers and long and cold winters. April and October are transition months, with the rest of the months being either summer or winter. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Orenburg (1991–2020, extremes 1832–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.1<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.8<br />(10.8) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.1<br />(8.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−43.2<br />(−45.8) </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.1<br />(−40.2) </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.8<br />(−34.2) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26<br />(−15) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.8<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.7<br />(−32.3) </td> <td style="background: #1313FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−39.2<br />(−38.6) </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−43.2<br />(−45.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">354<br />(13.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(7.5) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23<br />(9.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">125 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #8A8A8A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.7 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.7 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.1 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.8 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">312.4 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">338.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">350.2 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">301.7 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.8 </td> <td style="background: #8A8A8A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.3 </td> <td style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,396.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AFRE_Orenburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Orenburg in 1828"><img alt="Map of Orenburg in 1828" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/AFRE_Orenburg.jpg/120px-AFRE_Orenburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/AFRE_Orenburg.jpg/180px-AFRE_Orenburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/AFRE_Orenburg.jpg/240px-AFRE_Orenburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2718" data-file-height="2373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Orenburg in 1828</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of Kazan Cathedral was destroyed in the 1930s"><img alt="Our Lady of Kazan Cathedral was destroyed in the 1930s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg/120px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg/180px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg/240px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of Kazan Cathedral was destroyed in the 1930s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_(15437607256).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VMZ Avantgarde low-floor trolleybus"><img alt="VMZ Avantgarde low-floor trolleybus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_%2815437607256%29.jpg/120px-VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_%2815437607256%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_%2815437607256%29.jpg/180px-VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_%2815437607256%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_%2815437607256%29.jpg/240px-VMZ_trolleybus_in_Orenburg_centre_%2815437607256%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VMZ Avantgarde low-floor trolleybus</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_culture">Education and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orenburg is a regional centre of education and has a number of cultural institutions and museums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orenburg_State_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Orenburg_State_University.jpg/250px-Orenburg_State_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Orenburg_State_University.jpg/375px-Orenburg_State_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Orenburg_State_University.jpg/500px-Orenburg_State_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_State_University" title="Orenburg State University">Orenburg State University</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_State_University" title="Orenburg State University">Orenburg State University</a>. The university was founded in 1955 as a branch of Kuibyshev Polytechnic Institute. In 1971 it converted into Orenburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1994 it became Orenburg State Technical University. In 1996, converted into Orenburg State University. In 2014 Orenburg State Institute of Management integrated with Orenburg State University.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg_State_Medical_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orenburg State Medical University (page does not exist)">Orenburg State Medical University</a>. Established in 1944 as Chkalov State Medical Institute. It was renamed to Orenburg State Medical Institute in 1957 (at that time Orenburg city regained its original name after being named Chkalov from 1937 till 1957). It gained the status of academy in 1994. Currently there are eight <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a>: Medicine, Pediatric, Stomatology (Dentistry), Pharmacy, Clinical Psychology, Nursing, Public Health (Медико-профилактический), and Continuing Education.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg_State_Agrarian_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orenburg State Agrarian University (page does not exist)">Orenburg State Agrarian University</a>. Established in 1930 as Orenburg Agricultural Institute. It was transformed to Orenburg State Agricultural Academy in 1992. Since 1995 named as Orenburg State Agrarian University. There are 8 faculties and four institutes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_State_Pedagogical_University" title="Orenburg State Pedagogical University">Orenburg State Pedagogical University</a>. Established in 1919 as Institute of Public Education. Renamed to Pedagogical Institute in 1930. Transformed to Pedagogical University in 1996. There are 10 faculties and four research institutes.</li> <li>Orenburg Branch of <a href="/wiki/Kutafin_Moscow_State_Law_University" title="Kutafin Moscow State Law University">Kutafin Moscow State Law University</a></li> <li>Orenburg Branch of <a href="/wiki/Gubkin_Russian_State_University_of_Oil_and_Gas" title="Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas">Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics_and_Mathematics_Lyceum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics and Mathematics Lyceum (page does not exist)">Physics and Mathematics Lyceum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Orenburg Regional Museum of History and Natural Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Regional_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts">Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Orenburg_History" title="Museum of Orenburg History">Museum of Orenburg History</a></li> <li>Memorial Apartment of Yuri and Valentina Gagarin</li> <li>Memorial Apartment of Leopold and Mstislav Rostropovich</li> <li>Memorial Apartment of T.G. Shevchenko</li> <li>Orenburg City Memorial House</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres">Theatres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Theatres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Orenburg Maxim Gorky State Drama Theater <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Orenburg State Regional Music Theater <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Orenburg State Tatar Drama Theater</li> <li>Orenburg State Regional Puppet Theater</li> <li>Orenburg Municipal Puppet Theater "Pierrot"</li> <li>Orenburg Municipal Chamber Choir</li> <li>Orenburg State Academic Russian Folk Choir</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mosques">Mosques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mosques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Caravanserai" title="Orenburg Caravanserai">Orenburg Caravanserai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg/180px-Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg/270px-Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg/360px-Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrian bridge over <a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural River</a>. The bridge is between <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mountain and river tourism are developed in the region. There are a number of fast mountain rivers and rocks in pleated spurs of the southern edge of the Urals range, popular with tourists. The city is known for its location between Europe and Asia. The <a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural River</a> marks the border of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and there is a bridge which connects the two sides. </p><p>The city is famous for its down <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_shawl" title="Orenburg shawl">Orenburg shawls</a>. The thinnest lacy design, knitted by hand shawls and cobweb-like kerchiefs (pautinkas), is not only warm, but also is used for decorative purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A famous boulevard on the embankment of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural River</a> is one of the most notable places in Orenburg. Orenburg TV Tower is a guyed mast of unusual design. It is a 200-meter (660 ft) tall mast equipped with six crossbars running from the mast structure to the guys.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Cycling event in Orenburg</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FC_Orenburg" title="FC Orenburg">FC Orenburg</a>, the local football team founded in 1970, reached the Russian Premier League for the first time during the <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Russian_Premier_League" title="2016–17 Russian Premier League">2016-17 season</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokomotiv_Orenburg" title="Lokomotiv Orenburg">Lokomotiv</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has played in the highest division of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bandy_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Bandy League">Russian Bandy League</a>. Now they play in the second highest division, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bandy_Supreme_League" title="Russian Bandy Supreme League">Russian Bandy Supreme League</a>. Their home arena has a capacity of 5000.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Orenburg" title="Nadezhda Orenburg">Nadezhda Orenburg</a> is a women's basketball club competing in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Basketball_Premier_League" title="Russian Women's Basketball Premier League">Russian Women's Basketball Premier League</a> and playing in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburzhe_Sports_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orenburzhe Sports Hall (page does not exist)">Orenburzhe Sports Hall</a>.</li> <li>Fakel Gazproma<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a> club with, among other players, the three time <a href="/wiki/European_Table_Tennis_Championships" title="European Table Tennis Championships">European champion</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Samsonov" title="Vladimir Samsonov">Uładzimir Samsonaŭ</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_events">National events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: National events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2015, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">Rink Bandy</a> Cup was to be organised.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/27709_Orenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="27709 Orenburg">27709 Orenburg</a> was named after the city on June 1, 2007.<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=27709">†</a></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Alburt" title="Lev Alburt">Lev Alburt</a> (born 1945) chess grandmaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Krylov" title="Ivan Krylov">Ivan Krylov</a> (1769–1844), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Alekseevich_Perovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky">Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky</a> (1794–1857), statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dal" title="Vladimir Dal">Vladimir Dal</a> (1801–1872), lexicographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgraf_Fyodorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Yevgraf Fyodorov">Yevgraf Fyodorov</a> (1853–1919), mathematician, crystallographer, and mineralogist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nazaroff" title="Paul Nazaroff">Paul Nazaroff</a> (1890–1942), geologist and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kessel" title="Joseph Kessel">Joseph Kessel</a> (1898–1979), journalist and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Malenkov" title="Georgy Malenkov">Georgy Malenkov</a> (1902–1988), <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (de facto,1952-1953) and fifth <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_C%C3%A4lil" title="Musa Cälil">Musa Cälil</a> (1906–1944), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schmorell" title="Alexander Schmorell">Alexander Schmorell</a> (1917–1943), a member of the anti-Nazi group <a href="/wiki/White_Rose" title="White Rose">White Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Burba" title="Aleksander Burba">Aleksander Burba</a> (1918–1984), industry leader and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> (1927–2007), cellist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> (1934–1968), cosmonaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Istomin" title="Denis Istomin">Denis Istomin</a> (born 1986), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alexandrovich_Prokhorenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Alexandrovich Prokhorenko">Alexander Alexandrovich Prokhorenko</a> (1990–2016), a Senior lieutenant with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_special_operations_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian special operations forces">Special Operations Forces</a> of the Russian Armed Forces. He was killed during the Palmyra offensive of the Syrian Civil War. Prokhorenko was identifying targets for Russian airstrikes when he was surrounded by ISIS fighters near Palmyra and ordered an airstrike on his own location</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Orenburg is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aktobe" title="Aktobe">Aktobe</a>, Kazakhstan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a>, Tajikistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oral,_Kazakhstan" title="Oral, Kazakhstan">Oral</a>, Kazakhstan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>, United States (temporarily suspended)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref124-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref124_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref124_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref124_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref124_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref124_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref124_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #1370/276-IV-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/M.Asien/XVIII/1720-1740/O_kirgiz_kasakach/text1.htm">Из истории Казахстана XVIII в</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Глава_города-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Глава_города_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orenburg.ru/about/structure/1228/worker/3250/">"Администрация города Оренбурга"</a>. Официальный портал города Оренбурга<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forenburg.ru%2Fabout%2Fstructure%2F1228%2Fworker%2F3250%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orenburg.ru/town/master_plan/Materialy%20po%20obosnovaniju%20proekta.zip">Генеральный план Оренбурга. Материалы по обоснованию проекта.</a> Раздел 4.1. Территория города. Стр. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=26.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2018%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2018.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OKATO-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OKATO_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OKATO_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 53 234</a>», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..</span></span> (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 53 234</a></i>, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref265-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref265_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref265_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #2367/495-IV-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostalCode-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostalCode_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (<i>Russian Post</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department">Поиск объектов почтовой связи</a> (<i>Postal Objects Search</i>) <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Поспелов Е.М. Географические названия мира: топонимический словарь. — М.: Русские словари; Астрель; ACT, 2002. — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-17-002938-1" title="Special:BookSources/5-17-002938-1">5-17-002938-1</a>; 5-271-00446-5; 5-93259-014-9; 5-17-001389-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Оренбург — статья из Большой советской энциклопедии.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Город был переименован Указом ПрезидиумаПрезидиума Верховного Совета СССР от 26 декабря 1938 г.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">С.М.Стрельников. Географические названия Оренбургской области. — Изд. 2-е, доп. и испр. — Кувандык, 2002. — 176 с.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Russian Colonization and the Genesis of Kazak National Consciousness</i>". S. Sabol (2003). Springer. p.27 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0230599427" title="Special:BookSources/0230599427">0230599427</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Central Asia, 130 Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview</i>". Edward A. Allworth, Edward Allworth (1994). Duke University Press. p. 10. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822315211" title="Special:BookSources/0822315211">0822315211</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shane O'Rourke <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GuhoAAAAMAAJ">The Cossacks</a> Manchester University Press, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719076800" title="Special:BookSources/9780719076800">9780719076800</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA1001">Tatishchevo 1774</a> in Tony Jaques <i>Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313335396" title="Special:BookSources/9780313335396">9780313335396</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OKATO2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OKATO2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 53 401</a>», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..</span></span> (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426">Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 53 401</a></i>, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430004801/http://www.gazprom.com/eng/articles/article28937.shtml">"Gazprom"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazprom.com/eng/articles/article28937.shtml">the original</a> on April 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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GREAT VALUE STRATEGICALLY Prince Hilkoff Pushed the Construction of the Road with Much Energy -- The Cities Traversed"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RUSSIA%27S+NEW+GREAT+RAILROAD+IN+ASIA%3B+Orenburg-Tashkent+Line+Was+Completed+a+Few+Days+Ago.+GREAT+VALUE+STRATEGICALLY+Prince+Hilkoff+Pushed+the+Construction+of+the+Road+with+Much+Energy+--+The+Cities+Traversed&rft.date=1904-11-07&rft.aulast=Correspondence&rft.aufirst=Foreign&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1904%2F11%2F07%2F101348622.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orenair1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orenair1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orenair1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403063409/http://www.airoport.orenair.ru/index.php?eng=1">"Archived copy"</a>. 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Погода и климат<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Govorim Delo. November 22, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://govorimdelo.ru/55355/">the original</a> on March 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=govorimdelo.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%3A+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovorimdelo.ru%2F55355%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное Собрание Оренбургской области. Закон №1370/276-IV-ОЗ от 11 июля 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Оренбургской области», в ред. Закона №2826/783-V-ОЗ от 15 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Оренбургской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Оренбургской области"». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Южный Урал", №№134–135 (спецвыпуск №40 с документами Законодательного Собрания Оренбургской области), 21 июля 2007 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast. Law #1370/276-IV-OZ of July 11, 2007 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Orenburg Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #2826/783-V-OZ of December 15, 2014 <i>On Amending the Law of Orenburg Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Orenburg Oblast"</i>. Effective as of after the official publication date.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное Собрание Оренбургской области. Закон №2367/495-IV-ОЗ от 15 сентября 2008 г. «Об утверждении перечня муниципальных образований Оренбургской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав», в ред. Закона №3322/917-V-ОЗ от 24 августа 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Оренбургской области "Об утверждении перечня муниципальных образований Оренбургской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Бюллетень Законодательного Собрания Оренбургской области", 22 заседание, I часть, 29 августа 2008 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast. Law #2367/495-IV-OZ of September 15, 2008 <i>On Adopting the Registry of the Municipal Formations of Orenburg Oblast and the Inhabited Localities They Comprise</i>, as amended by the Law #3322/917-V-OZ of August 24, 2015 <i>On Amending the Law of Orenburg Oblast "On Adopting the Registry of the Municipal Formations of Orenburg Oblast and the Inhabited Localities They Comprise"</i>. Effective as of after 10 days following the official publication.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Orenburg#Q5337" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orenburg (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Orenburg_(town)">"Orenburg (town)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 252.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orenburg+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=252&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrenburg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402050512/http://www.admin.orenburg.ru/">Official website of Orenburg</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203035839/http://www.studyinorenburg.com/">Orenburg State Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ingvarr.net.ru/photo/212">Photos of Orenburg</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Orenburg_Oblast" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orenburg_Oblast" title="Template:Orenburg Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orenburg_Oblast" title="Template talk:Orenburg Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orenburg_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orenburg Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Orenburg_Oblast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast">Administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orenburg</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Orenburg_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Orenburg Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdulinsky_District" title="Abdulinsky District">Abdulinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamovsky_District" title="Adamovsky District">Adamovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbulaksky_District" title="Akbulaksky District">Akbulaksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrovsky_District,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Alexandrovsky District, Orenburg Oblast">Alexandrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asekeyevsky_District" title="Asekeyevsky District">Asekeyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belyayevsky_District" title="Belyayevsky District">Belyayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buguruslansky_District" title="Buguruslansky District">Buguruslansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzuluksky_District" title="Buzuluksky District">Buzuluksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_District" title="Dombarovsky District">Dombarovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaysky_District" title="Gaysky District">Gaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grachyovsky_District,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Grachyovsky District, Orenburg Oblast">Grachyovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileksky_District" title="Ileksky District">Ileksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogvardeysky_District,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Krasnogvardeysky District, Orenburg Oblast">Krasnogvardeysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanayevsky_District" title="Kurmanayevsky District">Kurmanayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvandyksky_District" title="Kuvandyksky District">Kuvandyksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvarkensky_District" title="Kvarkensky District">Kvarkensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matveyevsky_District" title="Matveyevsky District">Matveyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoorsky_District" title="Novoorsky District">Novoorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosergiyevsky_District" title="Novosergiyevsky District">Novosergiyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky_District,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Oktyabrsky District, Orenburg Oblast">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburgsky_District" title="Orenburgsky District">Orenburgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevolotsky_District" title="Perevolotsky District">Perevolotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervomaysky_District,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Pervomaysky District, Orenburg Oblast">Pervomaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponomaryovsky_District" title="Ponomaryovsky District">Ponomaryovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakmarsky_District" title="Sakmarsky District">Sakmarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraktashsky_District" title="Saraktashsky District">Saraktashsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_District,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Severny District, Orenburg Oblast">Severny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharlyksky_District" title="Sharlyksky District">Sharlyksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol-Iletsky_District" title="Sol-Iletsky District">Sol-Iletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorochinsky_District" title="Sorochinsky District">Sorochinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlinsky_District" title="Svetlinsky District">Svetlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashlinsky_District" title="Tashlinsky District">Tashlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totsky_District" title="Totsky District">Totsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyulgansky_District" title="Tyulgansky District">Tyulgansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasnensky_District" title="Yasnensky District">Yasnensky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed administrative-territorial<br />formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komarovsky,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Komarovsky, Orenburg Oblast">Komarovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(all levels)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdulino" title="Abdulino">Abdulino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buguruslan" title="Buguruslan">Buguruslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzuluk,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast">Buzuluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Gay, Orenburg Oblast">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvandyk" title="Kuvandyk">Kuvandyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mednogorsk" title="Mednogorsk">Mednogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novotroitsk" title="Novotroitsk">Novotroitsk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsk" title="Orsk">Orsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol-Iletsk" title="Sol-Iletsk">Sol-Iletsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorochinsk" title="Sorochinsk">Sorochinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasny,_Orenburg_Oblast" title="Yasny, Orenburg Oblast">Yasny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151218325">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1213558/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjdjd6K3MDgrjtG6mYMfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075687-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81059019">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15376789s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15376789s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Orenburg (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge224232&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564581205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d973deba-4928-427b-a729-475b972d0186">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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