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Japonya - Vikipedi
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href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Japonya" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Japonya" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarihçe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihçe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tarihçe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarihçe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tarihçe alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarihçe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistorya_ve_antik_tarih" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistorya_ve_antik_tarih"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistorya ve antik tarih</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistorya_ve_antik_tarih-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feodal_dönem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feodal_dönem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Feodal dönem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feodal_dönem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_dönem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_dönem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern dönem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_dönem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coğrafya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coğrafya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coğrafya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coğrafya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Coğrafya alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coğrafya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-İklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>İklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çevre_ve_doğa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çevre_ve_doğa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Çevre ve doğa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çevre_ve_doğa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siyaset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siyaset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Siyaset</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Siyaset-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Siyaset alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Siyaset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hukuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hukuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hukuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hukuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-İdari_bölümler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İdari_bölümler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>İdari bölümler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İdari_bölümler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_ilişkiler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_ilişkiler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Dış ilişkiler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_ilişkiler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Ordu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ekonomi alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tarım_ve_balıkçılık" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarım_ve_balıkçılık"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tarım ve balıkçılık</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarım_ve_balıkçılık-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanayi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanayi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sanayi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanayi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizmet_ve_turizm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizmet_ve_turizm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Hizmet ve turizm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizmet_ve_turizm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilim_ve_teknoloji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilim_ve_teknoloji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Bilim ve teknoloji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilim_ve_teknoloji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altyapı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altyapı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altyapı</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Altyapı-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Altyapı alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Altyapı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ulaşım" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulaşım"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ulaşım</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulaşım-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Enerji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Su_ve_sanitasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Su_ve_sanitasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Su ve sanitasyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Su_ve_sanitasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Demografi alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Diller</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eğitim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eğitim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Eğitim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eğitim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sağlık" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sağlık"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Sağlık</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sağlık-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kültür" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kültür"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kültür</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kültür-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kültür alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kültür-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sanat_ve_mimarlık" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanat_ve_mimarlık"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sanat ve mimarlık</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanat_ve_mimarlık-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edebiyat_ve_felsefe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edebiyat_ve_felsefe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Edebiyat ve felsefe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edebiyat_ve_felsefe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Müzik_ve_tiyatro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Müzik_ve_tiyatro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Müzik ve tiyatro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Müzik_ve_tiyatro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatiller_ve_festivaller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatiller_ve_festivaller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Tatiller ve festivaller</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatiller_ve_festivaller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mutfak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutfak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Mutfak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutfak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Medya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Spor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Japonya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 324 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-324" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">324 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Иапониа - Abhazca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иапониа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abhazca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeupang" title="Jeupang - Açece" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeupang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Açece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Японие - Adigece" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Японие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adigece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јопон - Güney Altayca" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јопон" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Güney Altayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን - Amharca" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ripon" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chap%C3%B3n" title="Chapón - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chapón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan - Eski İngilizce" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Eski İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%A2" title="ܝܦܢ - Aramice" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܦܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="الجاپون - Fas Arapçası" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الجاپون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Fas Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Atikamekçe" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Avar dili" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipona" title="Nipona - Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nipona" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun - Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژاپون - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاپون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Bavyera dili" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavyera dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japuon%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Japuonėjė - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Japuonėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang - Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun - West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang - Banjar Dili" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་ཧོང་། - Tibetçe" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་ཧོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%84%CC%8C" title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌ - Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Япон Улас - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Япон Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Japó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-bu%C5%8Dng" title="Nĭk-buōng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-buōng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Ипнойчоь - Çeçence" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ипнойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Çeçence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan - Çamorro dili" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chapan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Çamorro dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ - Çerokice" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Çerokice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Şayence" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Şayence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86" title="ژاپۆن - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژاپۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone - Korsikaca" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%C4%81n" title="Capān - Krice" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Capān" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Krice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya - Kırım Tatarcası" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Kırım Tatarcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B2%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Japòńskô - Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Japòńskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%96%D0%BF%D1%A1%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ - Kilise Slavcası" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kilise Slavcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Dinka dili" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japa%C5%84ska" title="Japańska - Aşağı Sorbça" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Japańska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun - Orta Kadazan" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Orta Kadazan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="ޖަޕާނު - Divehi dili" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަޕާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ཇ་པཱན - Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཇ་པཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giap%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Giapòṅ - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Giapòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanio" title="Japanio - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Japanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="ژاپن - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Fula dili" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani - Fiji dili" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Faroe dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Arpitanca" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjapon" title="Gjapon - Friuli dili" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjapon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeap%C3%A1in" title="An tSeapáin - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeapáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya - Gagavuzca" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagavuzca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 - Gan Çincesi" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iapan" title="An Iapan - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Iapan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A4%D9%86" title="ژاپؤن - Gilanice" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ژاپؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilanice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%B5" title="Hapõ - Guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hapõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान - Goa Konkanicesi" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa Konkanicesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japangi" title="Japangi - Gorontalo dili" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Japangi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽 - Gotça" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="જાપાન - Güceratça" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જાપાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Güceratça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hapaan" title="Yn Çhapaan - Man dili" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhapaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Man dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ngi̍t-pún - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%81pana" title="Iāpana - Hawaii dili" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iāpana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="יפן - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Fiji Hintçesi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hintçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska - Yukarı Sorbça" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Yukarı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n" title="Japán - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ճապոնիա - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճապոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ճափոն - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճափոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jipun" title="Jipun - Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jipun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - İbo dili" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="İbo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippan" title="Nippan - İnyupikçe" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nippan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="İnyupikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони - İnguşça" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="İnguşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%94%AD%E1%90%B9%E1%93%90" title="ᔭᐹᓐ - İnuktitut dili" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᔭᐹᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="İnuktitut dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Jamaika Patois Dili" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaika Patois Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pongu%27e" title="pongu'e - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pongu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya - Karakalpakça" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapan" title="Yapan - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Yapan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон - Kabardeyce" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardeyce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Sapɔŋ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sapɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%CC%B1pan" title="Ja̱pan - Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ja̱pan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Kongo dili" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jopang" title="Jopang - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ជប៉ុន - Khmer dili" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជប៉ុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ниппон - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ниппон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Джапония - Karaçay-Balkarca" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джапония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karaçay-Balkarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان - Keşmir dili" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Keşmir dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Köln lehçesi" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Köln lehçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon - Kernevekçe" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nihon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kernevekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iaponia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Lezgice" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nion" title="Nion - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nion" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappon" title="Giappon - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giappon" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon - Lombardça" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C9%94%CC%81" title="Zapɔ́ - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zapɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ - Lao dili" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonija" title="Japonija - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoneja" title="Japoneja - Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Japoneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81na" title="Japāna - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppang" title="Jeppang - Madura Dili" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jeppang" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Японмастор - Mokşa dili" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Японмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokşa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A0na" title="Japàna - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Japàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Японий - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Японий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipono" title="Nipono - Maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nipono" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јапонија - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јапонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജപ്പാൻ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജപ്പാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ - Manipuri dili" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони - Ova Çirmişçesi" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Ova Çirmişçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0appun" title="Ġappun - Maltaca" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġappun" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Miranda dili" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Япония Мастор - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Япония Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="جاپون - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاپون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone - Napolice" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Aşağı Saksonca" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Saksonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%97%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%94%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫ - N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane - Güney Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="İsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="Güney Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane - Kuzey Sotho dili" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Sotho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah - Navaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japounii" title="Japounii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Japounii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaappaan" title="Jaappaan - Oromo dili" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jaappaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜାପାନ - Oriya dili" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାପାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон - Osetçe" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਪਾਨ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਪਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Pangasinan dili" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Picard Dili" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Nijerya Pidgin dili" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nijerya Pidgin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Pensilvanya Almancası" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pensilvanya Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Palatin Almancası" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatin Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία - Kuzeybatı Kafkasya" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Kuzeybatı Kafkasya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Japão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dripun" title="Dripun - Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Dripun" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapun" title="Giapun - Romanşça" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Giapun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romanşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon" title="Yapon - Kirundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Yapon" data-language-autonym="İkirundi" data-language-local-name="Kirundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İkirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia - Ulahça" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Ulahça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuyapani" title="Ubuyapani - Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuyapani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जपान् - Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जपान्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дьоппуон - Yakutça" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоппуон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapone" title="Giapone - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giapone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappuni" title="Giappuni - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giappuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1hpan" title="Jáhpan - Kuzey Laponcası" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jáhpan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C3%B6o" title="Zapöo - Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Zapöo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ - Shan dili" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජපානය - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජපානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonska" title="Japonska - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapani" title="Iapani - Samoa dili" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iapani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapaan" title="Jaapaan - İnari Laponcası" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jaapaan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="İnari Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani - Şona dili" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Şona dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabaan" title="Jabaan - Somalice" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jabaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јапан - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani - Sisvati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Sisvati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane - Güney Sotho dili" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Güney Sotho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Saterland Frizcesi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Japůńijo - Silezyaca" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Japůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipun" title="Zipun - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Zipun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="யப்பான் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யப்பான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ - Tuluca" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tuluca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%93%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ - Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జపాన్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జపాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaun" title="Japaun - Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Japaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷопон - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷопон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን - Tigrinya dili" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Daponi%C3%BDa" title="Ýaponiýa - Türkmence" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýaponiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Türkmence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonij%C9%99" title="Japonijə - Talışça" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Japonijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talışça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Setsvana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Setsvana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapani" title="Siapani - Tonga dili" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siapani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapan" title="Siapan - Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Siapan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Tunux" title="Tanah Tunux - Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Tanah Tunux" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani - Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Tvi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Tvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81p%C5%8Dn%C4%93" title="Tāpōnē - Tahiti dili" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tāpōnē" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahiti dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Tuvaca" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония - Udmurtça" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ياپونىيە - Uygurca" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياپونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uygurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Venda dili" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonii" title="Japonii - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Japonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n" title="Nhật Bản - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhật Bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C3%A4n" title="Yapän - Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yapän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djapon" title="Djapon - Valonca" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djapon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo%C5%8B" title="Sapoŋ - Volofça" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sapoŋ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volofça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8x%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B3" title="Ниxуудин Нутг - Kalmıkça" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниxуудин Нутг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmıkça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJapani" title="IJapani - Zosa dili" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJapani" data-language-autonym="İsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Zosa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="יאפאן - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאפאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyiedbonj" title="Nyiedbonj - Zhuangca" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nyiedbonj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuangca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan - Zelandaca" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zelandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ - Standart Fas Tamazigti" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standart Fas Tamazigti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ji̍t-pún - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani - Zuluca" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Japonya" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japonya"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japonya"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Japonya" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Japonya" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&oldid=34269961" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Japonya&id=34269961&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJaponya"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJaponya"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Japonya"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Japonya&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategori:Japonya" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikihaber</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Japonya" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikisöz</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Japonya" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikigezgin</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafi_koordinat_sistemi" title="Coğrafi koordinat sistemi">Koordinatlar</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637432">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:Japonya&params=35_N_136_E_type:country_region:JP"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">35°K</span> <span class="longitude">136°D</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">35°K 136°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35; 136</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Diğer kullanımlar için, lütfen <a href="/wiki/Nippon_(anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nippon (anlam ayrımı)">Nippon (anlam ayrımı)</a> veya <a href="/wiki/Japonya_(anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1)" class="mw-disambig" title="Japonya (anlam ayrımı)">Japonya (anlam ayrımı)</a> bölümüne bakın.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Japonya</div><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><span class="lang-jp" lang="jp" dir="ltr">日本国</span><br /><span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>Nippon-koku</i> veya <i>Nihon-koku</i></span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Japonya Devleti</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japonya bayrağı"><img alt="Japonya bayrağı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Japonya bayrağı">Bayrak</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japonya İmparatorluk mührü"><img alt="{{{arma_açıklaması}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/85px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/128px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/170px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_imparatorluk_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC" title="Japonya imparatorluk mührü">İmparatorluk mührü</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data marş"><div style="line-height:1.7em;" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_mar%C5%9F" title="Millî marş">Millî marş</a></b><br /><span class="lang-jp" lang="jp" dir="ltr">君が代</span> <span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>)</i></span><br />"İmparatorluk Majestelerinin Hükümdarlığı"<br /><div 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 (zh)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.5em;" align="center"><b>Devlet mührü</b><br /><span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">大日本國璽</span> <span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>(Dai Nihon Kokuji)</i></span><br />"Büyük Japonya Ulusal Mührü"<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Gyomei_kokuji.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/80px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/120px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/160px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="190" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Japan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japonya'nın Asya projeksiyonu üzerinde yeşil renk ile gösterildiği harita. Açık renkli yerler Japonya'nın hak iddia ettiği topraklardır"><img alt="Japonya'nın Asya projeksiyonu üzerinde yeşil renk ile gösterildiği harita. Açık renkli yerler Japonya'nın hak iddia ettiği topraklardır" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;font-size:x-small" align="center">Japonya'nın Asya projeksiyonu üzerinde yeşil renk ile gösterildiği harita. Açık renkli yerler Japonya'nın hak iddia ettiği topraklardır</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Başkent<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">ve en büyük şehir</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637432">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:Japonya&params=35_41_N_139_46_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">35°41′K</span> <span class="longitude">139°46′D</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">35.683°K 139.767°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.683; 139.767</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resmî dil(ler)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca">Japonca</a> <i>(de facto)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Etnik_grup" title="Etnik grup">Etnik gruplar</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li>97,8% <a href="/wiki/Japonlar" title="Japonlar">Japon</a></li><li>0,6% <a href="/wiki/%C3%87inliler" title="Çinliler">Çinli</a></li><li>0,4% <a href="/wiki/Koreliler" title="Koreliler">Koreli</a></li><li>1,2% diğer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japonlar" title="Japonlar">Japon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_siyaset" title="Japonya'da siyaset">Hükûmet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniter_devlet" title="Üniter devlet">Üniter</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamenter_sistem" title="Parlamenter sistem">parlamenter</a> <a href="/wiki/Anayasal_monar%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anayasal monarşi">anayasal monarşi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Japonya_imparatoru" title="Japonya imparatoru">İmparator</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Japonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Japonya başbakanı">Başbakan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eigeru_%C4%B0%C5%9Fiba" title="Şigeru İşiba">Şigeru İşiba</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yasama organı</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Diyet" title="Ulusal Diyet">Ulusal Diyet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cst_meclis" title="Üst meclis">Üst meclis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fmanlar_Meclisi_(Japonya)" title="Danışmanlar Meclisi (Japonya)">Danışmanlar Meclisi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Alt_meclis" title="Alt meclis">Alt meclis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temsilciler_Meclisi_(Japonya)" title="Temsilciler Meclisi (Japonya)">Temsilciler Meclisi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Tarihçe</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Kurulu%C5%9F_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Ulusal Kuruluş Günü">Ulusal Kuruluş Günü</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 Şubat MÖ 660</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Meiji Anayasası">Meiji Anayasası</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 Kasım 1890</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Anayasası">Günümüz anayasa</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 Mayıs 1947</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_co%C4%9Frafyas%C4%B1" title="Japonya coğrafyası">Yüzölçümü </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data">377.975 km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-area-2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCz%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCmlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Yüzölçümlerine göre ülkeler listesi">62</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Su (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,4<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_demografisi" title="Japonya demografisi">Nüfus</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1 Mart 2024 tahminî</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Decrease_Neutral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></a></span> 123,970,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüfuslarına göre ülkeler listesi">11</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2020 sayımı</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Decrease_Neutral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></a></span> 126,146,099<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüfuslarına göre ülkeler listesi">11</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Yoğunluk</div></th><td class="infobox-data">330/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfus_yo%C4%9Funluklar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nüfus yoğunluklarına göre ülkeler listesi">44</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritesi">SAGP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 tahminî</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $6,495 trilyon<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">4</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kişi başına</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $52.120<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fi_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1na_sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Kişi başına satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">34</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 tahminî</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="azalış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $4,231 trilyon<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">4</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kişi başına</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $33.950<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fi_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1na_nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Kişi başına nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">30</a>.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_katsay%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Gini katsayısı">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">33.4<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33633371">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">orta</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi">İGE</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="azalış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.920<sup id="cite_ref-BMKP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMKP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">çok yüksek</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi%27ne_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi'ne göre ülkeler listesi">24.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Para birimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japon_yeni" title="Japon yeni">Japon yeni</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">JPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/Para_birimi_simgesi" title="Para birimi simgesi">¥</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zaman dilimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fg%C3%BCd%C3%BCml%C3%BC_Evrensel_Zaman" title="Eşgüdümlü Evrensel Zaman">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B09.00" title="UTC+09.00">+09.00</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Japonya_Standart_Saati" title="Japonya Standart Saati">JSS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tarih formatı</th><td class="infobox-data">yyyy年aa月gg日 yyyy/aa/gg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebeke_gerilimi" title="Şebeke gerilimi">Şebeke gerilimi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100 V-50 ila 60 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fdan_ve_soldan_akan_trafik" title="Sağdan ve soldan akan trafik">Trafik akışı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">sol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_telefon_numaralar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya telefon numaraları">Telefon kodu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+81</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 kodu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:JP" title="ISO 3166-2:JP">JP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_%C3%BCst_seviye_alan_adlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="İnternet üst seviye alan adları listesi">İnternet alan adı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.jp</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Japonya</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Asya" title="Doğu Asya">Doğu Asya</a>'da yer alan bir <a href="/wiki/Ada_%C3%BClkesi" title="Ada ülkesi">ada ülkesidir</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Okyanus" title="Büyük Okyanus">Büyük Okyanus</a>'un kuzeybatısında konumlanan ülke; <a href="/wiki/Japon_Denizi" title="Japon Denizi">Japon Denizi</a>'nden <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Kore" title="Kuzey Kore">Kuzey Kore</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a>'nın doğusuna; kuzeyde <a href="/wiki/Ohotsk_Denizi" title="Ohotsk Denizi">Ohotsk Denizi</a>'nden güneyde <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_%C3%87in_Denizi" title="Doğu Çin Denizi">Doğu Çin Denizi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan">Tayvan</a>'a kadar uzanır. <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">De facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">başkenti</a> ve en büyük şehri <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>'dur. Adını oluşturan <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> karakterler, "güneş" ve "köken" anlamına geldiğinden "Doğan Güneşin Ülkesi" olarak adlandırılır. </p><p>Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_adalar_listesi" title="Japonya'daki adalar listesi">14.125 adadan</a> oluşan bir <a href="/wiki/Tak%C4%B1mada" title="Takımada">takımadadır</a>. Bu adaların en büyükleri olan <a href="/wiki/Hon%C5%9F%C5%AB" title="Honşū">Honşū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>; ülke yüzölçümünün %97'sini oluşturur ve genellikle ev adaları olarak anılır. 125 milyonun üzerinde nüfusuyla <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfusa_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_ve_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_topraklar_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüfusa göre ülkeler ve bağımlı topraklar listesi">dünyanın en yüksek nüfuslu 11. ülkesi</a> ve aynı zamanda <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfus_yo%C4%9Funluklar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nüfus yoğunluklarına göre ülkeler listesi">en kalabalık nüfuslu ülkelerden</a> biridir. <a href="/wiki/Japonya_co%C4%9Frafyas%C4%B1" title="Japonya coğrafyası">Ülke topraklarının</a> yaklaşık dörtte üçü dağlıktır ve bu da yüksek oranda kentleşmiş nüfusun dar kıyı ovalarında yoğunlaşmasına yol açar. Ülke; idari olarak <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCkleri" title="Japonya'nın prefektörlükleri">47 prefektörlüğe</a>, coğrafi olarak <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Japonya'nın bölgeleri">sekiz geleneksel bölgeye</a> ayrılır. Başkent Tokyo ve çevresindeki bulunan prefektörlükler ile <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Japonya'daki şehirler listesi">şehirleri</a> kapsayan <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Tokyo" title="Büyük Tokyo">Büyük Tokyo Metropolü</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Nüfuslarına göre büyük şehirler listesi">dünyanın en yüksek nüfuslu</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropoliten_alan" title="Metropoliten alan">metropoliten alanıdır</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arkeoloji" title="Arkeoloji">Arkeolojik</a> araştırmalar <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cst_Paleolitik" title="Üst Paleolitik">Üst Paleolitik dönemden</a> beri insanların <a href="/wiki/Japon_Tak%C4%B1madalar%C4%B1" title="Japon Takımadaları">Japon adalarında</a> yaşadığını göstermektedir. Yazılı tarihte Japonya'nın adı ilk olarak 1. yüzyıldan kalma Çin metinlerinde geçer. Japonya'nın tarihi dış dünyadan etkilendikten sonra çok uzun yıllar boyunca tecrit edilmesiyle şekillenmiştir. MS dördüncü ve dokuzuncu yüzyıllar arasında, Japonya krallıkları bir <a href="/wiki/Japonya_imparatoru" title="Japonya imparatoru">imparator</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8D" title="Heian-kyō">Heian-kyō</a> merkezli <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Yamato Hanedanı">Yamato Hanedanı</a> altında birleşti. 12. yüzyıldan başlayarak, siyasi iktidar <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eogun" title="Şogun">şogun</a> adı verilen bir dizi askerî lider ve <a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyo</a> denilen feodal beylerin elindeydi ve bir savaşçı soylu sınıfı olan <a href="/wiki/Samuray" title="Samuray">samuraylar</a> tarafından uygulanıyordu. <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Sengoku Dönemi">Bir asır süren iç savaş döneminin</a> ardından ülke, 1603 yılında <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">izolasyoncu bir dış politika</a> uygulayan <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_%C5%9Fogunlu%C4%9Fu" title="Tokugawa şogunluğu">Tokugawa şogunluğu</a> altında yeniden birleşti. 1854'te <a href="/wiki/Perry_Seferi" title="Perry Seferi">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri filosu</a>, Japonya'yı <a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Batı'ya açmaya zorlaması</a> <a href="/wiki/Boshin_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Boshin Savaşı">şogunluğun sona ermesine</a> ve 1868'de <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restorasyonu" title="Meiji Restorasyonu">imparatorluk otoritesinin yeniden kurulmasına</a> yol açtı. <a href="/wiki/Meiji_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Meiji Dönemi">Meiji Dönemi</a>'nde, yeni <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Japon İmparatorluğu">Japon İmparatorluğu</a> <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Meiji Anayasası">Batı modelli bir anayasayı</a> kabul etti ve <a href="/wiki/Sanayile%C5%9Fme" title="Sanayileşme">sanayileşme</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Modernle%C5%9Fme_teorisi" title="Modernleşme teorisi">modernleşme</a> programını izledi. 19. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında, <a href="/wiki/Birinci_%C3%87in-Japon_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Birinci Çin-Japon Savaşı">Birinci Çin-Japon Savaşı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rus-Japon_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Rus-Japon Savaşı">Rus-Japon Savaşı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/I._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="I. Dünya Savaşı">I. Dünya Savaşı</a>'ndaki zaferler ile birlikte <a href="/wiki/Japon_militarizmi" title="Japon militarizmi">militarizmin</a> arttığı bir döneminde Japonya, 1937'de <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_%C3%87in-Japon_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İkinci Çin-Japon Savaşı">Çin'e savaş ilan etti</a> ve 1941'de <a href="/wiki/Mihver_Devletleri" title="Mihver Devletleri">Mihver gücü</a> olarak <a href="/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı">II. Dünya Savaşı</a>'na girdi. <a href="/wiki/Pasifik_Cephesi_(II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1)" title="Pasifik Cephesi (II. Dünya Savaşı)">Pasifik Cephesi</a>'nde yenilgiye uğrayan ve <a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima_ve_Nagasaki%27ye_atom_bombas%C4%B1_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Hiroşima ve Nagasaki'ye atom bombası saldırısı">iki atom bombasına</a> maruz kalan Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_teslim_olu%C5%9Fu" title="Japonya'nın teslim oluşu">1945'te teslim oldu</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fgal_Japonyas%C4%B1" title="İşgal Japonyası">yedi yıllık Müttefik işgali</a> altına girdi. Bu işgal sırasında <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Anayasası">yeni bir anayasa</a> kabul edildi. Savaştan sonra Japonya, 1990'lardaki <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1p_Ony%C4%B1l_(Japonya)" title="Kayıp Onyıl (Japonya)">ekonomik durgunluğa</a> kadar süren <a href="/wiki/Japon_ekonomik_mucizesi" title="Japon ekonomik mucizesi">büyük bir ekonomik mucize</a> elde etti. </p><p>1947 yılındaki anayasanın kabulünden beri Japonya, sembolik olarak devletin başının imparator olduğu ve seçimle işbaşına gelen <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ift_meclislilik" title="Çift meclislilik">iki meclisli</a> bir yasama organı olan <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Diyet" title="Ulusal Diyet">Ulusal Diyet</a> ile <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniter_devlet" title="Üniter devlet">üniter</a> bir <a href="/wiki/Parlamenter_sistem" title="Parlamenter sistem">parlamenter</a> <a href="/wiki/Me%C5%9Frutiyet" title="Meşrutiyet">anayasal monarşi</a> ile yönetilmektedir. Japonya, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fu_Asya_%C3%9Clkeleri_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Güneydoğu Asya Ülkeleri Birliği">ASEAN Plus mekanizmasının</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler" title="Birleşmiş Milletler">BM</a>, <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> ve <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>'nin bir üyesidir ve <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_g%C3%BC%C3%A7" title="Büyük güç">büyük güç</a> olarak kabul edilir. <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n_9._maddesi" title="Japonya Anayasası'nın 9. maddesi">Resmî olarak savaş ilan etme hakkından vazgeçmiş olmasına</a> rağmen Japonya, kendini savunma ve barışı koruma rollerinde kullanılan, dünyanın <a href="/wiki/Savunma_harcamalar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Savunma harcamalarına göre ülkeler listesi">yedinci büyük askerî bütçesiyle</a> <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">modern bir orduya</a> sahiptir. <a href="/wiki/Otomotiv_end%C3%BCstrisi" title="Otomotiv endüstrisi">Otomotiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robotik" title="Robotik">robotik</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Elektronik" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a> endüstrilerinde küresel bir lider olan ve <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_bilim_ve_teknoloji" title="Japonya'da bilim ve teknoloji">bilim ve teknolojiye</a> önemli katkıları bulunan Japonya, 2023 itibarıyla <a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">gayri safi yurt içi hasılaya</a> göre 4. ve <a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritesi">satın alma gücü paritesine</a> göre 4. en büyük ekonomiye sahiptir ve ayrıca dünyanın en büyük <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hracat" title="İhracat">ihracatçısı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0thalat" title="İthalat">ithalatçılarından</a> da biridir. Japonya, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi">İnsani Gelişme Endeksi</a>'ne göre çok yüksek bir yaşam standardı ile <a href="/wiki/Geli%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_%C3%BClke" title="Gelişmiş ülke">dünyanın en gelişmiş ülkelerinden</a> biri olarak kabul edilir. Nüfusu, dünyadaki <a href="/wiki/Beklenen_ya%C5%9Fam_s%C3%BCresine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Beklenen yaşam süresine göre ülkeler listesi">en yüksek yaşam beklentisine</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Bebek_%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC" title="Bebek ölümü">üçüncü en düşük bebek ölüm oranına</a> sahiptir, ancak <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelerin_do%C4%9Furganl%C4%B1k_oran%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_s%C4%B1ralan%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Ülkelerin doğurganlık oranına göre sıralanışı">yaşlanan nüfus ve düşük doğum oranı nedeniyle</a> nüfus düşüşü yaşamaktadır. Japonya, dünya çapında iyi bilinen kapsamlı <a href="/wiki/Japon_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Japon kültürü">kültür</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_sanat%C4%B1" title="Japon sanatı">sanat</a>, zengin <a href="/wiki/Japon_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Japon mutfağı">mutfağı</a>, etkili <a href="/wiki/Japonya_sinemas%C4%B1" title="Japonya sineması">sineması</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_m%C3%BCzi%C4%9Fi" title="Japon müziği">müzik endüstrisi</a> ile önde gelen <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">manga</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Video_oyunu" title="Video oyunu">video oyunları</a> endüstrisi ile <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7_(uluslararas%C4%B1_ili%C5%9Fkiler)" title="Güç (uluslararası ilişkiler)">kültürel bir süper güçtür</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloji">Etimoloji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Etimoloji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Etimoloji"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca">Japonca</a> adı <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> ile <span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本</span> olarak yazılır ve <i>Nippon</i> veya <i>Nihon</i> olarak telaffuz edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-schreiber_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schreiber-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MS 8. yüzyılın başlarından bu tanım kabul edilmeden önce, ülke <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a>'de <span title="Çince harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i><a href="/wiki/Wa_(Japonya)" title="Wa (Japonya)">Wa</a></i></span> (倭<span style="font-weight: normal"></span>, Japonya'da MS 757 civarında 和<span style="font-weight: normal"></span> olarak değiştirildi) olarak ve Japonya'da <span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato_(anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yamato (anlam ayrımı)">Yamato</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Egzonim_ve_endonim" title="Egzonim ve endonim">endonimi</a> ile biliniyordu.<sup id="cite_ref-carr_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carr-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karakterlerin orijinal <a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">Çin-Japonca okunuşu</a> olan <i>Nippon</i>, Japon banknotları ve posta pulları da dâhil olmak üzere resmî kullanımlar için tercih edilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-schreiber_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schreiber-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nihon</i> ise genellikle günlük konuşmada kullanılır ve <a href="/wiki/Edo_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Edo Dönemi">Edo Dönemi</a>'nde Japon fonolojisindeki değişiklikleri yansıtır.<sup id="cite_ref-carr_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carr-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nichi<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">日</span>)</span> karakteri "güneş" veya "gün" anlamına gelirken, hon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">本</span>)</span> ise "temel" veya "orijin" anlamına gelir. <span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本</span> karakterleri "Doğan Güneşin Ülkesi" tanımının kaynağı olan "güneşin kökeni" anlamına gelmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya adı, <span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本</span> kelimesinin <a href="/wiki/Wu_%C3%87incesi" title="Wu Çincesi">Wu Çincesi</a> telaffuzlarına dayanmaktadır ve erken ticaret yoluyla Avrupa dillerine tanıtılmıştır. Bu hala modern Wu dillerinde yansıtılmaktadır, örneğin <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanghayca" title="Şanghayca">Şanghaycada</a> <i>Zeppen</i> (<small>Wu Çincesi telaffuz: </small><span title="IPA Söylenişi" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:IPA" title="Yardım:IPA">[zəʔpən]</a></span>) veya Wenzhoucada <i>Zaipan</i> olarak adlandırılmaktadır. 13. yüzyılda <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>, <span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本國</span> karakterlerinin Erken <a href="/wiki/Mandarin" title="Mandarin">Mandarin Çincesi</a> telaffuzunu <span title="harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>Cipangu</i></span> olarak kaydetti.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın eski <a href="/wiki/Malayca" title="Malayca">Malayca</a> adı olan <i>Japang</i> veya <i>Japun</i>, Çin'in güney kıyısındaki bir lehçesinden ödünç alınmış ve bu sözcük 16. yüzyılın başlarında Avrupa'ya getiren <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fu_Asya" title="Güneydoğu Asya">Güneydoğu Asya</a>'daki <a href="/wiki/Portekiz_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Portekiz İmparatorluğu">Portekizli</a> tüccarlar tarafından getirilmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu ismin İngilizcedeki ilk kaydı, 1577'de basılmış ve Portekizli bir Cizvit Luís Fróis tarafından yazılmış 1565 bir mektubun çevirisinde Giapan'ın yazılışından ibarettir.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Örneğin ismin <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce">İngilizcedeki</a> ilk hali, 1577'de yayınlanan bir kitapta yer almaktadır ve 1565 tarihli <a href="/wiki/Portekizce" title="Portekizce">Portekizce</a> bir mektubun çevirisinde adı <i>Giapan</i> olarak yazmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e" title="Türkçe">Türkçe</a> kaynaklarda ise ilk olarak <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEv%C3%A2nu_Lug%C3%A2ti%27t-T%C3%BCrk" title="Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk">Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk</a></i> eserinde <i>Çaparka</i> adıyla geçmiş olup<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> günümüz Japonya adı ise yine Batı dillerinden gelmiştir. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restorasyonu" title="Meiji Restorasyonu">Meiji Restorasyonu</a>'ndan <a href="/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı">II. Dünya Savaşı</a>'nın sonuna kadar, Japonya'nın tam adı "<a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Japon İmparatorluğu">Büyük Japon İmparatorluğu</a>" anlamına gelen <i>Dai Nippon Teikoku</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">大日本帝國</span>)</span> idi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Günümüzde, resmî olarak "Japonya Devleti" anlamı gelen <i>Nihon-koku</i> veya <i>Nippon-koku</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">日本国</span>)</span> adı kullanılmaktadır. Uzun formu açıklayıcı bir tanım içermeyen Japonya gibi ülkelere genellikle "ülke", "ulus" veya "devlet" anlamına gelen koku<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">国</span>)</span> karakteriyle eklenmiş bir ad verilir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihçe"><span id="Tarih.C3.A7e"></span>Tarihçe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarihçe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarihçe"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya_tarihi" title="Japonya tarihi">Japonya tarihi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistorya_ve_antik_tarih">Prehistorya ve antik tarih</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Prehistorya ve antik tarih" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Prehistorya ve antik tarih"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Japan_glaciation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Japan_glaciation.gif/220px-Japan_glaciation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Japan_glaciation.gif/330px-Japan_glaciation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Japan_glaciation.gif/440px-Japan_glaciation.gif 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption>Yaklaşık 20.000 yıl önce <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen">Geç Pleistosen</a>'de <a href="/wiki/Son_Buzul_Maksimum" title="Son Buzul Maksimum">Son Buzul Maksimumu</a>'nda Japonya.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32638653">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fcac56; color:black;"> </span> Deniz seviyesinin üzerindeki bölgeler</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32638653"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> Bitki örtüsü olmayan yerler</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32638653"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#acfefc; color:black;"> </span> Deniz</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Yaklaşık MÖ 30.000'e ait bir <a href="/wiki/Japon_Paleolitik_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Japon Paleolitik Dönemi">Paleolitik kültür</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_Tak%C4%B1madalar%C4%B1" title="Japon Takımadaları">Japon adalarında</a> bilinen ilk yerleşimi oluşturmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunu, MÖ 14.500 civarından (<a href="/wiki/Jomon_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Jomon Dönemi">Jōmon Dönemi</a>'nin başlangıcı) itibaren, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ukur_ev" title="Çukur ev">çukurda yaşama</a> ve ilkel tarımla karakterize edilen <a href="/wiki/Orta_Ta%C5%9F_%C3%87a%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Orta Taş Çağı">Orta Taş Çağı</a>'ndan <a href="/wiki/Cilal%C4%B1_Ta%C5%9F_Devri" title="Cilalı Taş Devri">Cilalı Taş Devri</a>'ne kadar yarı yerleşik <a href="/wiki/Avc%C4%B1-toplay%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Avcı-toplayıcı">avcı-toplayıcı</a> kültürü izledi.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Döneme ait <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_%C3%A7%C3%B6mlek%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi" title="Jōmon çömlekçiliği">kil kaplar</a> günümüze ulaşan en eski çanak çömlek örnekleri arasındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MÖ 700 civarında, <a href="/wiki/Japon_dilleri" title="Japon dilleri">Japon dillerini</a> konuşan <a href="/wiki/Yayoiler" title="Yayoiler">Yayoiler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kore_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Kore Yarımadası">Kore Yarımadası</a>'ndan adalara girerek<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yayoi_culture_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yayoi_culture-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmonlar" title="Jōmonlar">Jōmonlar</a> ile karışmaya başladı.<sup id="cite_ref-Yayoi_culture_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yayoi_culture-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Yayoi Dönemi">Yayoi Dönemi</a>'nde <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Kore" title="Kore">Kore</a>'den <a href="/wiki/%C3%87eltik_tarlas%C4%B1" title="Çeltik tarlası">ıslak pirinç tarımı</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yeni bir çömlekçilik tarzı<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve metalurji gibi uygulamaların tanıtıldığı dönem görüldü.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efsaneye göre <a href="/wiki/Jimmu" title="Jimmu">İmparator Jimmu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a>'nun torunu), MÖ 660 yılında Japonya'nın merkezinde bir <a href="/wiki/Yamatai" title="Yamatai">krallık</a> kurarak <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Yamato Hanedanı">kesintisiz bir imparatorluk çizgisi</a> başlattı.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya yazılı tarihte ilk kez MS 111'de tamamlanan Çin <i><a href="/wiki/Hanshu" title="Hanshu">Han Kitabı</a></i> adlı eserde yer almaktadır. <a href="/wiki/Budizm" title="Budizm">Budizm</a>, Japonya'ya MS 552'de bir Kore krallığı olan <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a>'den tanıtıldı, ancak <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_Budizm" title="Japonya'da Budizm">Japon Budizmi</a>'nin gelişimi öncelikli olarak Çin'den etkilenmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erken direnişe rağmen Budizm, <a href="/wiki/Prens_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prens Shōtoku">Prens Shōtoku</a> gibi şahsiyetler de dâhil olmak üzere yönetici sınıf tarafından desteklendi ve <a href="/wiki/Asuka_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Asuka Dönemi">Asuka Dönemi</a>'nden (592-710) başlayarak yaygın bir kabul gördü.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Emperor_Jimmu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/220px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/330px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/440px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption>Efsanevi <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mparator_Jimmu" class="mw-redirect" title="İmparator Jimmu">İmparator Jimmu</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">神武天皇</span><span style="display:none">,</span> <i>Jinmu-tennō</i>)</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>MS 645 yılında <a href="/wiki/Tenji_(imparator)" title="Tenji (imparator)">Prens Naka no Ōe</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kamatari" title="Fujiwara no Kamatari">Fujiwara no Kamatari</a> liderliğindeki hükûmet, geniş kapsamlı <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reformlar%C4%B1" title="Taika Reformları">Taika Reformları</a>'nı planladı ve uyguladı. Reform, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a>'den gelen <a href="/wiki/Konf%C3%BC%C3%A7y%C3%BCs%C3%A7%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Konfüçyüsçülük">Konfüçyüsçü</a> fikir ve <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in_felsefesi" title="Çin felsefesi">felsefelere</a> dayanan <a href="/wiki/Toprak_reformu" title="Toprak reformu">toprak reformuyla</a> başladı.<sup id="cite_ref-Totman_2005_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Totman_2005-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'daki tüm toprakları çiftçiler arasında eşit olarak dağıtılmak üzere kamulaştırdı ve yeni bir vergi sisteminin temeli olarak bir hane kayıt defterinin derlenmesini emretti.<sup id="cite_ref-Sansom_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sansom-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reformların gerçek amacı, daha fazla merkezileşme sağlamak ve yine Çin'in hükûmet yapısına dayanan imparatorluk sarayının gücünü artırmaktı. Çin yazısı, siyaseti, sanatı ve dini hakkında bilgi edinmek için Çin'e elçiler ve öğrenciler gönderildi.<sup id="cite_ref-Totman_2005_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Totman_2005-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Temmu_(imparator)" title="Temmu (imparator)">Prens Ōama</a> ile yeğeni <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dbun_(imparator)" title="Kōbun (imparator)">Prens Ōtomo</a> arasındaki kanlı bir çatışma olan 672 <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Jinshin Savaşı">Jinshin Savaşı</a>, daha ileri idari reformlar için önemli bir dayanak haline geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-ritsuryo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ritsuryo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu reformlar, mevcut kanunları güçlendiren ve merkezi ve alt yerel yönetimlerin yapısını oluşturan <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Kanunu" title="Taihō Kanunu">Taihō Kanunu</a>'nun yayımlanmasıyla doruğa ulaştı.<sup id="cite_ref-Sansom_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sansom-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu yasal reformlar, yarım bin yıl boyunca yürürlükte kalan Çin tarzı bir merkezi hükûmet sistemi olan <a href="/wiki/Ritsury%C5%8D" title="Ritsuryō">ritsuryō sistemini</a> yarattı.<sup id="cite_ref-ritsuryo_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ritsuryo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nara_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Nara Dönemi">Nara Dönemi</a> (710-784), <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D-ky%C5%8D" title="Heijō-kyō">Heijō-kyō</a>'daki (modern <a href="/wiki/Nara" title="Nara">Nara</a>) İmparatorluk Sarayı merkezli bir Japon devletinin ortaya çıkışına işaret ediyordu.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu dönem, <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> (712) ve <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i> (720) kitaplarının tamamlanmasıyla yeni oluşan bir <a href="/wiki/Japon_edebiyat%C4%B1" title="Japon edebiyatı">edebiyat kültürünün</a> ortaya çıkışı ve Budist esinli sanat eserleri ve <a href="/wiki/Antik_Nara%27n%C4%B1n_Tarih%C3%AE_An%C4%B1tlar%C4%B1" title="Antik Nara'nın Tarihî Anıtları">mimarinin</a> gelişmesiyle karakterize edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/735-737_Japonya_%C3%A7i%C3%A7ek_hastal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_epidemisi" title="735-737 Japonya çiçek hastalığı epidemisi">MS 735-737'deki çiçek hastalığı salgını</a> sonucunda Japonya nüfusunun üçte birini kaybettiğine inanılmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MS 784 yılında <a href="/wiki/Kammu_(imparator)" title="Kammu (imparator)">İmparator Kammu</a> <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_ba%C5%9Fkenti" title="Japonya'nın başkenti">başkenti</a> taşıyarak MS 794 yılında <a href="/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8D" title="Heian-kyō">Heian-kyō</a>'ya (günümüz <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>) yerleşti.<sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu, belirgin bir şekilde yerli Japon kültürünün ortaya çıktığı <a href="/wiki/Heian_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Heian Dönemi">Heian Dönemi</a>'nin (794-1185) başlangıcına işaret ediyordu. <a href="/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu" title="Murasaki Shikibu">Murasaki Shikibu</a>'nun <i><a href="/wiki/Genji%27nin_Hik%C3%A2yesi" title="Genji'nin Hikâyesi">Genji'nin Hikâyesi</a></i> ile Japonya'nın milli marşı <i><a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>'</i>nun sözleri bu dönemde yazıldı.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feodal_dönem"><span id="Feodal_d.C3.B6nem"></span>Feodal dönem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Feodal dönem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Feodal dönem"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/220px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/330px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/440px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%9Follar%C4%B1n_Japonya_seferleri" title="Moğolların Japonya seferleri">Moğolların Japonya seferleri</a> sırasında Moğol gemisine binen Japon <a href="/wiki/Samuray" title="Samuray">samurayları</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba" title="Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba">Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba</a></i>, 1293.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'nın feodal dönemi, yönetici bir savaşçı sınıfı olan <a href="/wiki/Samuray" title="Samuray">samurayların</a> ortaya çıkışı ve hakimiyeti ile karakterizedir.<sup id="cite_ref-Leibo2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leibo2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1185 yılında, <a href="/wiki/Genpei_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Genpei Savaşı">Genpei Savaşı</a>'nda <a href="/wiki/Taira_boyu" title="Taira boyu">Taira boyunun</a> <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_boyu" title="Minamoto boyu">Minamoto boyu</a> tarafından yenilgiye uğratılmasının ardından samuray <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamakura" title="Kamakura">Kamakura</a>'da <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_%C5%9Fogunlu%C4%9Fu" title="Kamakura şogunluğu">askeri bir yönetim</a> kurdu.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yoritomo'nun ölümünden sonra <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_boyu" title="Hōjō boyu">Hōjō boyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eogun" title="Şogun">şogunun</a> vekili olarak iktidara geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Budizmin <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen okulu</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Kamakura Dönemi">Kamakura Dönemi</a>'nde (1185-1333) Çin'den tanıtıldı ve samuray sınıfı arasında yaygınlaştı.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kamakura şogunluğu, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%9Follar%C4%B1n_Japonya_seferleri" title="Moğolların Japonya seferleri">1274 ve 1281'de Moğol istilalarını</a> püskürttü ancak sonunda <a href="/wiki/Go-Daigo" title="Go-Daigo">İmparator Go-Daigo</a> tarafından devrildi.<sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Go-Daigo, <a href="/wiki/Kemmu_Restorasyonu" title="Kemmu Restorasyonu">kısa bir süre otoritesini yeniden kurmaya çalışırken</a> 1336'da <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Takauji" title="Ashikaga Takauji">Ashikaga Takauji</a>'ye yenilmesi <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Muromachi Dönemi">Muromachi Dönemi</a>'nin (1336-1573) başlangıcı oldu.<sup id="cite_ref-Shirane2012a_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirane2012a-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> İmparator Go-Daigo, bunun üzerine Kyoto'nun güneyinde <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Saray%C4%B1" title="Güney Sarayı">rakip bir saray</a> kurdu ve 60 yıl boyunca Japonya'daki siyasi güç iki taraf arasında bölündü.<sup id="cite_ref-concise_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-concise-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashikaga Takauji tarafından kurulan <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_%C5%9Fogunlu%C4%9Fu" title="Ashikaga şogunluğu">Ashikaga şogunluğu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyō</a> adı verilen feodal savaş ağalarını kontrol etmekte başarısız oldu ve 1467'de, yüzyıllık <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Sengoku Dönemi">Sengoku Dönemi</a>'ni ("Savaşan Devletler") başlatan bir <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Ōnin Savaşı">iç savaş</a> başladı.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>16. yüzyılda <a href="/wiki/Portekiz_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Portekiz İmparatorluğu">Portekizli</a> tüccarlar ve <a href="/wiki/Cizvitler" title="Cizvitler">Cizvit</a> misyonerleri ilk kez Japonya'ya ulaşarak Japonya ile Batı arasında doğrudan <a href="/wiki/Nanban_Ticareti_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Nanban Ticareti Dönemi">ticari</a> ve kültürel alışverişi başlattılar.<sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>, diğer birçok daimyōyu fethetmek için Avrupa teknolojisini ve ateşli silahlarını kullanarak<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iktidarını pekiştirmesi <a href="/wiki/Azuchi-Momoyama_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Azuchi-Momoyama Dönemi">Azuchi-Momoyama Dönemi</a> olarak bilinen dönemi başlattı.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Honn%C5%8D-ji_Olay%C4%B1" title="Honnō-ji Olayı">Nobunaga'nın 1582'deki ölümünün</a> ardından, halefi <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, 1590'ların başında ülkeyi birleştirdi ve <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_Kore%27yi_istilalar%C4%B1_(1592-1598)" title="Japonya'nın Kore'yi istilaları (1592-1598)">1592 ve 1597'de Kore'ye iki başarısız istila</a> girişiminde bulundu.<sup id="cite_ref-Courtiers_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Sekigaharascreen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sekigaharascreen.jpg/220px-Sekigaharascreen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sekigaharascreen.jpg/330px-Sekigaharascreen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sekigaharascreen.jpg/440px-Sekigaharascreen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3816" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption>1600 yılında meydana gelen <a href="/wiki/Sekigahara_Muharebesi" title="Sekigahara Muharebesi">Sekigahara Muharebesi</a>'ni resmeden parşömen; <i>Sekigahara Kassen Byōbu</i>, 1620'ler.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>, Hideyoshi'nin oğlu <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyori" title="Toyotomi Hideyori">Toyotomi Hideyori</a>'nin naibi olarak görev yaptı ve konumunu siyasi ve askeri destek kazanmak için kullandı.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull2011_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull2011-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Açık savaş patlak verdiğinde Ieyasu, 1600 yılında <a href="/wiki/Sekigahara_Muharebesi" title="Sekigahara Muharebesi">Sekigahara Muharebesi</a>'nde rakip boyları mağlup etti. 1603 yılında <a href="/wiki/Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Go-Yōzei">İmparator Go-Yōzei</a> tarafından şogun olarak atandı ve <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>'da (modern <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>) <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_%C5%9Fogunlu%C4%9Fu" title="Tokugawa şogunluğu">Tokugawa şogunluğunu</a> kurdu.<sup id="cite_ref-Closed_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closed-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Şogunluk, özerk daimyōyu kontrol etmek için davranış kuralları olarak buke shohatto ("Savaşçı Evleri için Çeşitli Kanun Noktaları")<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 1639'da <a href="/wiki/Edo_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Edo Dönemi">Edo Dönemi</a> (1603-1868) olarak bilinen iki buçuk yüzyıllık zayıf siyasi birliği kapsayan izolasyonist <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">sakoku</a> ("kapalı ülke") politikasını içeren önlemleri yürürlüğe koydu.<sup id="cite_ref-Closed_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closed-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Japonya'nın ekonomik büyümesi bu dönemde başladı ve bunun sonucunda yollar ve su ulaşım yolları ile Osaka pirinç komisyoncularının <a href="/wiki/Vadeli_kontrat" title="Vadeli kontrat">vadeli işlem</a> sözleşmeleri, bankacılık ve sigorta gibi finansal araçlar ortaya çıktı.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batı bilimleri (<a href="/wiki/Rangaku" title="Rangaku">rangaku</a>) çalışmaları <a href="/wiki/Hollanda" title="Hollanda">Hollanda</a>'nın <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>'deki <a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">yerleşim bölgesiyle</a> temasıyla devam etti.<sup id="cite_ref-Closed_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closed-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edo Dönemi'nde Japonların Japonya'yı incelemesi olan <a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">kokugaku</a> ("ulusal çalışmalar") ortaya çıkmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_dönem"><span id="Modern_d.C3.B6nem"></span>Modern dönem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Modern dönem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Modern dönem"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33502344/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:boyut;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Meiji_tenno1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/141px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/212px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/282px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="1203" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_(imparator)" title="Meiji (imparator)">İmparator Meiji</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">明治天皇</span><span style="display:none">,</span> <i>Meiji-tennō</i>)</span>; 1867–1912 yılları arasında hüküm sürdü.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Japanese_Empire_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/193px-Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/290px-Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/386px-Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1942'de <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Japon İmparatorluğu">Japon İmparatorluğu</a> sınırları.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Donanmas%C4%B1" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Donanması">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Donanması</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Japonya'nın dış dünyaya açılmasını</a> zorlamak için <a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Perry" title="Matthew C. Perry">Tuğamiral Matthew C. Perry</a>'yi gönderdi. Temmuz 1853'te dört "<a href="/wiki/Kara_Gemiler" title="Kara Gemiler">Kara Gemi</a>" ile <a href="/wiki/Uraga,_Kanagawa" title="Uraga, Kanagawa">Uraga</a>'ya gelen <a href="/wiki/Perry_Seferi" title="Perry Seferi">Perry Seferi</a>, Mart 1854'te <a href="/wiki/Kanagava_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Kanagava Antlaşması">Kanagava Antlaşması</a> ile sonuçlandı.<sup id="cite_ref-Closed_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closed-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daha sonra diğer Batılı ülkelerle yapılan benzer anlaşmalar ekonomik ve siyasi krizleri beraberinde getirdi.<sup id="cite_ref-Closed_51-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closed-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Şogunun istifası <a href="/wiki/Boshin_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Boshin Savaşı">Boshin Savaşı</a>'na yol açtı ve sonucunda tek bir imparatorun (<a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restorasyonu" title="Meiji Restorasyonu">Meiji Restorasyonu</a>) yönetiminde <a href="/wiki/Han_sisteminin_kald%C4%B1r%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Han sisteminin kaldırılması">merkezi bir devlet</a> kuruldu.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batılı siyasi, adli ve askeri kurumları benimseyen Kabine, Özel Konsey'i organize etti, <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Meiji Anayasası">Meiji Anayasası</a>'nı tanıttı (29 Kasım 1890) ve <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Diyet" title="Ulusal Diyet">İmparatorluk Diyeti</a>'ni topladı.<sup id="cite_ref-modernnation_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modernnation-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meiji_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Meiji Dönemi">Meiji Dönemi</a>'nde (1868-1912), <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Japon İmparatorluğu">Japon İmparatorluğu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a>'daki en gelişmiş ülke ve etki alanını genişletmek için askeri çatışma peşinde koşan sanayileşmiş bir dünya gücü olarak ortaya çıktı.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Birinci_%C3%87in-Japon_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Birinci Çin-Japon Savaşı">Birinci Çin-Japon Savaşı</a> (1894-1895) ve <a href="/wiki/Rus-Japon_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Rus-Japon Savaşı">Rus-Japon Savaşı</a>'ndaki (1904-1905) zaferlerden sonra Japonya; <a href="/wiki/Japon_y%C3%B6netiminde_Tayvan" title="Japon yönetiminde Tayvan">Tayvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_Koresi" title="Japon Koresi">Kore</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Sahalin" title="Sahalin">Sahalin</a>'in güney yarısının kontrolünü ele geçirdi.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon nüfusu 1873 yılında 35 milyon iken 1935'te 70 milyona çıkarak <a href="/wiki/Kentle%C5%9Fme" title="Kentleşme">kentleşmeye</a> önemli bir geçiş yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excesses_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excesses-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>20. yüzyılın başlarında, artan <a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1lmac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Yayılmacılık">yayılmacılık</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_militarizmi" title="Japon militarizmi">militarizasyonun</a> gölgesinde kalan nispeten demokratik bir <a href="/wiki/Tai%C5%9Fo_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Taişo Dönemi">Taişo Dönemi</a> (1912-1926) görüldü.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ramesh_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramesh-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/I._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="I. Dünya Savaşı">I. Dünya Savaşı</a>'na <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0tilaf_Devletleri" title="İtilaf Devletleri">İtilaf Devletleri</a> safında katılan Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Okyanus" title="Büyük Okyanus">Pasifik</a> ve Çin'deki <a href="/wiki/Alman_s%C3%B6m%C3%BCrge_imparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Alman sömürge imparatorluğu">Alman sömürgelerini</a> <a href="/wiki/I._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1%27nda_Japonya" title="I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Japonya">ele geçirmesine</a> izin verildi.<sup id="cite_ref-ramesh_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramesh-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1920'ler, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eova_devlet%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi" title="Şova devletçiliği">katı bir devletçiliğe</a> doğru siyasi bir kaymaya, <a href="/wiki/1923_Kanto_depremi" title="1923 Kanto depremi">1923 Büyük Tokyo Depremi</a>'nin ardından bir kanunsuzluk dönemine, <a href="/wiki/Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F_Koruma_Yasas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Barış Koruma Yasası">siyasi muhalefete karşı yasaların çıkarılmasına</a> ve <a href="/wiki/15_May%C4%B1s_Olay%C4%B1" title="15 Mayıs Olayı">bir dizi darbe girişimine</a> tanık oldu.<sup id="cite_ref-excesses_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excesses-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu süreç 1930'larda hızlandı ve liberal demokrasiye karşı bir düşmanlığı paylaşan ve kendilerini Asya'da yayılmaya adamış birkaç radikal milliyetçi grup doğurdu. 1931'de Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_Man%C3%A7urya%27y%C4%B1_istilas%C4%B1" title="Japonya'nın Mançurya'yı istilası">Mançurya'yı işgal etti</a> ve işgalin uluslararası alanda kınanmasının ardından iki yıl sonra <a href="/wiki/Milletler_Cemiyeti" title="Milletler Cemiyeti">Milletler Cemiyeti</a>'nden ayrıldı.<sup id="cite_ref-Inc1945_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inc1945-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1936'da Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Almanyas%C4%B1" title="Nazi Almanyası">Nazi Almanyası</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Anti-Komintern_Pakt%C4%B1" title="Anti-Komintern Paktı">Anti-Komintern Paktı</a>'nı imzaladı ve 1940'ta <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_G%C3%BC%C3%A7_Pakt%C4%B1" title="Üç Güç Paktı">Üç Güç Paktı</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Mihver_Devletleri" title="Mihver Devletleri">Mihver Devletleri</a>'nden biri haline geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-excesses_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excesses-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg/220px-Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg/330px-Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg/440px-Atomic_bombing_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4918" data-file-height="2918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a>'nin 6–9 Ağustos 1945 tarihlerinde Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima_ve_Nagasaki%27ye_atom_bombas%C4%B1_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Hiroşima ve Nagasaki'ye atom bombası saldırısı">Hiroşima (solda) ve Nagasaki (sağda) şehirlerine atmış olduğu iki nükleer atom bombası</a>, II. Dünya Savaşı'nı sona erdirmesinin yanında, 200 binden fazla insanın ölümüne neden oldu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya, 1937'de Çin'in diğer bölgelerini de işgal ederek <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_%C3%87in-Japon_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İkinci Çin-Japon Savaşı">İkinci Çin-Japon Savaşı</a>'nı (1937-1945) hızlandırdı.<sup id="cite_ref-Paine2012_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paine2012-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1940'ta İmparatorluk, <a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_%C3%87inhindi_%C4%B0%C5%9Fgali" title="Fransız Çinhindi İşgali">Fransız Hindiçini'ni işgal etti</a> ve ardından Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Japonya'ya petrol ambargosu koydu.<sup id="cite_ref-excesses_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excesses-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7-8 Aralık 1941'de Japon kuvvetleri <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Pearl Harbor Saldırısı">Pearl Harbor</a>'a ve diğerlerinin yanı sıra <a href="/wiki/Malaya_Cephesi" title="Malaya Cephesi">Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapur_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Singapur Savaşı">Singapur</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Muharebesi" title="Hong Kong Muharebesi">Hong Kong</a>'daki Britanya kuvvetlerine sürpriz saldırılar düzenleyerek <a href="/wiki/Pasifik_Cephesi_(II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1)" title="Pasifik Cephesi (II. Dünya Savaşı)">Pasifik'te II. Dünya Savaşı</a>'nı başlattı.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sonraki dört yıl boyunca, <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi%27nin_Man%C3%A7urya%27y%C4%B1_i%C5%9Fgali" title="Sovyetler Birliği'nin Mançurya'yı işgali">Sovyetlerin Mançurya'yı işgali</a> ve 1945'te <a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima_ve_Nagasaki%27ye_atom_bombas%C4%B1_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Hiroşima ve Nagasaki'ye atom bombası saldırısı">Hiroşima ve Nagasaki'ye atom bombası saldırısı</a> ile sonuçlanan Müttefik zaferlerinden sonra, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_teslim_olu%C5%9Fu" title="Japonya'nın teslim oluşu">Japonya koşulsuz teslim olmayı</a> kabul etti.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savaş, Japonya ve <a href="/wiki/Uzak_Do%C4%9Fu" title="Uzak Doğu">Uzak Doğu</a>'da milyonlarca insanın hayatına mal oldu.<sup id="cite_ref-excesses_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excesses-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Müttefikler, milyonlarca <a href="/wiki/Japon_diasporas%C4%B1" title="Japon diasporası">Japon yerleşimciyi</a> Asya'daki eski kolonilerinden ve askerî kamplarından geri gönderdiler ve Japon İmparatorluğu'nu ve fethettiği topraklar üzerindeki etkisini büyük ölçüde ortadan kaldırdılar.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phoenix_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Müttefikler, ayrıca Japon liderlerini <a href="/wiki/Japon_sava%C5%9F_su%C3%A7lar%C4%B1" title="Japon savaş suçları">savaş suçlarından</a> yargılamak için <a href="/wiki/Uzak_Do%C4%9Fu_Uluslararas%C4%B1_Asker%C3%AE_Ceza_Mahkemesi" title="Uzak Doğu Uluslararası Askerî Ceza Mahkemesi">Uzak Doğu Uluslararası Askerî Ceza Mahkemesi</a>'ni topladılar.<sup id="cite_ref-phoenix_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1947'de Japonya, liberal demokratik uygulamaları vurgulayan <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Anayasası">yeni bir anayasa</a> kabul etti.<sup id="cite_ref-phoenix_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fgal_Japonyas%C4%B1" title="İşgal Japonyası">Müttefik işgali</a>, 1952'de <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="San Francisco Barış Antlaşması">San Francisco Barış Antlaşması</a> ile sona erdi<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve Japonya 1956'da <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler" title="Birleşmiş Milletler">Birleşmiş Milletler</a>'e üye oldu.<sup id="cite_ref-phoenix_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savaştan sonra <a href="/wiki/Japon_ekonomik_mucizesi" title="Japon ekonomik mucizesi">rekor bir ekonomik büyüme dönemi</a> Japonya'yı <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">dünyanın en büyük ikinci ekonomisi</a> haline geldi. Bu dönem <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_balon_ekonomisi" title="Japonya'nın balon ekonomisi">varlık fiyatı balonunun patlamasıyla</a> 1990'ların ortalarında sona erdi ve ülkenin ancak 21. yüzyılın başlarında kademeli olarak çıkabildiği bir <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1p_Ony%C4%B1l_(Japonya)" title="Kayıp Onyıl (Japonya)">ekonomik durgunluk</a> başladı.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2011 yılında Japonya, <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_depremi_ve_tsunamisi" title="2011 Tōhoku depremi ve tsunamisi">dünya kayıtlı tarihindeki en büyük depremlerden birini</a> yaşadı ve <a href="/wiki/Fuku%C5%9Fima_I_N%C3%BCkleer_Santrali_kazalar%C4%B1" title="Fukuşima I Nükleer Santrali kazaları">Fukushima Daiichi nükleer felaketini</a> tetikledi.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 Mayıs 2019'da <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">İmparator Akihito</a>'nun tahttan çekilmesinin ardından oğlu <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>'nun imparator olmasıyla <a href="/wiki/Reiwa_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Reiwa Dönemi">Reiwa Dönemi</a> başladı.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coğrafya"><span id="Co.C4.9Frafya"></span>Coğrafya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Coğrafya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Coğrafya"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya_co%C4%9Frafyas%C4%B1" title="Japonya coğrafyası">Japonya coğrafyası</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Japan_topo_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Japan_topo_en.jpg/220px-Japan_topo_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Japan_topo_en.jpg/330px-Japan_topo_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Japan_topo_en.jpg/440px-Japan_topo_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Japonya'nın topoğrafik haritası</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya, Asya'nın Pasifik kıyısı boyunca uzanan <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_adalar_listesi" title="Japonya'daki adalar listesi">14.125 adadan</a> oluşur.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ohotsk_Denizi" title="Ohotsk Denizi">Ohotsk Denizi</a>'nden <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_%C3%87in_Denizi" title="Doğu Çin Denizi">Doğu Çin Denizi</a>'ne kadar 3.000 km kuzeydoğu-güneybatıya kadar uzanır.<sup id="cite_ref-water_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülkenin kuzeyden güneye beş ana adası <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hon%C5%9F%C5%AB" title="Honşū">Honşū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Adas%C4%B1" title="Okinawa Adası">Okinawa</a>'dır.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Okinawa'yı da içeren <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Ryukyu Adaları">Ryukyu Adaları</a>, Kyūshū'nun güneyinde bir zincirdir. <a href="/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Nanpō Adaları">Nanpō Adaları</a>, Japonya'nın ana adalarının güneyinde ve doğusunda yer almaktadır. Hepsi birlikte genellikle <a href="/wiki/Japon_Tak%C4%B1madalar%C4%B1" title="Japon Takımadaları">Japon Takımadaları</a> olarak bilinir.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019 itibarıyla Japonya'nın toprakları 377.975,24 km²'dir.<sup id="cite_ref-area-2019_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, 29.751 km ile <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1_uzunluklar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkelerin_listesi" title="Kıyı uzunluklarına göre ülkelerin listesi">dünyanın altıncı en uzun kıyı şeridine</a> sahiptir. Japonya, çok uzaklara yayılmış adaları nedeniyle, 4.470.000 km²'yi kaplayan dünyanın sekizinci en büyük <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnhas%C4%B1r_ekonomik_b%C3%B6lge" title="Münhasır ekonomik bölge">münhasır ekonomik bölgesine</a> sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japon Takımadaları'nın %67'si <a href="/wiki/Orman" title="Orman">ormanlardan</a>, %14'ü ise tarım alanlarından oluşmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esasen engebeli ve dağlık arazi yerleşim açısından kısıtlıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu nedenle yaşanabilir bölgeler, özellikle de kıyı bölgelerinde, çok yüksek nüfus yoğunluğu bulunmaktadır. Yerel yoğunlaşma dikkate alınmaksızın bile, Japonya <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfus_yo%C4%9Funluklar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nüfus yoğunluklarına göre ülkeler listesi">en yoğun nüfusa sahip 40. ülkedir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honşu, 2010 yılı itibarıyla 450 kişi/km² ile en yüksek nüfus yoğunluğuna sahip adayken, Hokkaidō, 2016 yılı itibarıyla 64,5 kişi/km² ile en düşük nüfus yoğunluğuna sahip adadır.<sup id="cite_ref-JPCensus_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPCensus-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014 yılı itibarıyla Japonya'nın toplam alanının yaklaşık %0,5'i <a href="/wiki/Toprak_%C4%B1slah%C4%B1" title="Toprak ıslahı">ıslah edilen arazilerden</a> (<i>umetachi</i>) oluşmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biwa_G%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Biwa Gölü">Biwa Gölü</a> <a href="/wiki/Antik_g%C3%B6l" title="Antik göl">antik bir göldür</a> ve ülkenin en büyük tatlı su gölüdür.<sup id="cite_ref-Tabata2016_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabata2016-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Pasifik_ate%C5%9F_%C3%A7emberi" title="Pasifik ateş çemberi">Pasifik ateş çemberi</a> boyunca yer alması nedeniyle <a href="/wiki/Deprem" title="Deprem">depremlere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamiye</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Yanarda%C4%9F" title="Yanardağ">volkanik patlamalara</a> büyük ölçüde eğilimlidir.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2016 Dünya Risk Endeksine göre ölçülen 17. en yüksek <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fal_afet" title="Doğal afet">doğal afet</a> riskine sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-wri_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wri-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'da 111 aktif yanardağ bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Çoğunlukla tsunamiyle sonuçlanan yıkıcı depremler her yüzyılda birkaç kez meydana gelir.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1923_Kanto_depremi" title="1923 Kanto depremi">1923 Kanto depremi</a> sonucunda 140.000'den fazla insan öldü.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daha yakın zamandaki büyük depremler ise <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Han%C5%9Fin_Depremi" title="Büyük Hanşin Depremi">1995 Büyük Hanşin Depremi</a> ve büyük bir tsunamiyi tetikleyen <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_depremi_ve_tsunamisi" title="2011 Tōhoku depremi ve tsunamisi">2011 Tōhoku depremidir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="İklim"><span id=".C4.B0klim"></span>İklim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: İklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: İklim"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/220px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/330px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/440px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5004" data-file-height="3336" /></a><figcaption>Baharda Arakurayama Sengen Parkı'ndan <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Fuji Dağı">Fuji Dağı</a> görünümü.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'nın iklimi ağırlıklı olarak ılımandır ancak kuzeyden güneye büyük farklılıklar gösterir. En kuzeydeki bölge olan Hokkaidō, uzun ve soğuk kışları ve çok sıcak ve serin yazları olan <a href="/wiki/Orta_enlemler" title="Orta enlemler">nemli bir karasal iklime</a> sahiptir. <a href="/wiki/Ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Yağış">Yağışlar</a> yoğun değildir ancak adalarda kışın genellikle derin kar kümeleri oluşur.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honşu'nun batı kıyısındaki <a href="/wiki/Japon_Denizi" title="Japon Denizi">Japon Denizi</a> bölgesinde, kuzeybatı kış rüzgarları kış aylarında yoğun kar yağışı getiriyor. Yazın <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6n_r%C3%BCzg%C3%A2r%C4%B1" title="Fön rüzgârı">Fön rüzgârı</a> nedeniyle bölge bazen aşırı yüksek sıcaklıklara maruz kalabilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honşu'nun tam ortasındaki Orta Yaylalar<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">中央高地</span><span style="display:none">,</span> <i>Chūō Kōchi</i>)</span>, yaz ve kış arasında büyük sıcaklık farklarının olduğu tipik bir iç nemli karasal iklime sahiptir. <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku" title="Chūgoku">Chūgoku</a> ve Shikoku bölgelerinin dağları, <a href="/wiki/Seto_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Denizi" title="Seto İç Denizi">Seto İç Denizi</a>'ni mevsimsel rüzgarlardan koruyarak yıl boyunca ılıman bir hava sağlamaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pasifik kıyısı, ara sıra kar yağışı ile daha ılıman kışlar ve güneydoğu mevsimsel rüzgar nedeniyle sıcak, nemli yazlar yaşayan <a href="/wiki/Il%C4%B1man_d%C3%B6nencealt%C4%B1_iklimi" title="Ilıman dönencealtı iklimi">nemli bir subtropikal iklime</a> sahiptir. Ryukyu ve Nanpō Adaları, sıcak kışlar ve sıcak yazlarla <a href="/wiki/Subtropikal_iklim" title="Subtropikal iklim">subtropikal bir iklime</a> sahiptir. Özellikle yağışlı mevsimde yağışlar çok yoğun olmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Okinawa'da <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F_mevsimi" title="Doğu Asya yağış mevsimi">ana yağış mevsimi</a> Mayıs ayı başlarında başlar ve yağmur cephesi yavaş yavaş kuzeye doğru ilerler. Yaz sonu ve sonbahar başında <a href="/wiki/Tayfun" title="Tayfun">tayfunlar</a> sıklıkla şiddetli yağmur getirir.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Çevre Bakanlığı'na göre şiddetli yağışlar ve artan sıcaklıklar tarım sektöründe ve başka yerlerde sorunlara neden olmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-climatechange_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatechange-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'da şimdiye kadar ölçülen en yüksek sıcaklık olan 41,1 °C, 23 Temmuz 2018'de kaydedildi<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 17 Ağustos 2020'de tekrarlandı.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Çevre_ve_doğa"><span id=".C3.87evre_ve_do.C4.9Fa"></span>Çevre ve doğa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Çevre ve doğa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Çevre ve doğa"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg/220px-Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg/330px-Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg/440px-Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miras%C4%B1" title="Dünya Mirası">UNESCO Dünya Mirası Alanı</a> olan <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dya_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kōya Dağı">Kōya Dağı</a>'ndaki <a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8Dbu-ji" title="Kongōbu-ji">Kongōbu-ji</a>'de sonbaharda <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7aa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7" title="Akçaağaç">akçaağaç</a> yaprakları (<i><a href="/wiki/Japon_ak%C3%A7aa%C4%9Fac%C4%B1" title="Japon akçaağacı">momiji</a></i>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'da adaların iklimini ve coğrafyasını yansıtan dokuz orman <a href="/wiki/Ekolojik_b%C3%B6lge" title="Ekolojik bölge">ekolojik bölgesi</a> bulunmaktadır. Ryukyu ve <a href="/wiki/Ogasavara_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Ogasavara Adaları">Ogasavara Adaları</a>'ndaki <a href="/wiki/Tropikal_ve_subtropikal_nemli_geni%C5%9F_yaprakl%C4%B1_ormanlar" title="Tropikal ve subtropikal nemli geniş yapraklı ormanlar">subtropikal nemli geniş yapraklı ormanlardan</a>, ana adaların ılıman iklim bölgelerindeki <a href="/wiki/Il%C4%B1man_geni%C5%9F_yaprakl%C4%B1_ve_karma_ormanlar" title="Ilıman geniş yapraklı ve karma ormanlar">ılıman geniş yapraklı ve karma ormanlara</a>, kuzey adaların soğuk, kış kısımlarındaki <a href="/wiki/Il%C4%B1man_i%C4%9Fne_yaprakl%C4%B1_orman" title="Ilıman iğne yapraklı orman">ılıman iğne yapraklı ormanlara</a> kadar uzanırlar.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kiraz_%C3%A7i%C3%A7e%C4%9Fi" title="Kiraz çiçeği">Sakura</a>, Japon kültüründe büyük bir öneme sahiptir ve Japonya'nın ulusal çiçeği olarak kabul edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-tsunagujapan_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsunagujapan-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunun dışında <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%A7am%C4%B1" title="Japon çamı">Japon çamı</a> da bir diğer önemli ağaç türüdür.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'da 2019 yılı itibarıyla <a href="/wiki/Boz_ay%C4%B1" title="Boz ayı">boz ayı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macaca_fuscata" title="Macaca fuscata">kar maymunu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_rakun_k%C3%B6pe%C4%9Fi" title="Japon rakun köpeği">Japon rakun köpeği</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apodemus_argenteus" title="Apodemus argenteus">Japon küçük tarla faresi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Dev_Japon_semenderi" title="Dev Japon semenderi">Dev Japon semenderi</a> dâhil olmak üzere 90.000'den fazla yaban hayatı türü bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sakurai2019_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakurai2019-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Önemli flora ve fauna alanlarının yanı sıra 52 <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_alan%C4%B1" title="Ramsar alanı">Ramsar sulak alanını</a> korumak için geniş bir <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_mill%C3%AE_parklar_listesi" title="Japonya'daki millî parklar listesi">millî park ağı</a> kurulmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olağanüstü doğal değerleri nedeniyle <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_D%C3%BCnya_Miraslar%C4%B1" title="Japonya'daki Dünya Mirasları">UNESCO Dünya Mirası Listesi'ne dört alan</a> eklenmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco1_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco1-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg/220px-Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg/330px-Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg/440px-Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Jigokudani kaplıcalarında <a href="/wiki/Macaca_fuscata" title="Macaca fuscata">kar maymunları</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonraki hızlı ekonomik büyüme döneminde, çevre politikaları hükûmet ve sanayi çevreleri tarafından küçümsendi; bunun sonucunda 1950'li ve 1960'lı yıllarda <a href="/wiki/%C3%87evre_kirlili%C4%9Fi" title="Çevre kirliliği">çevre kirliliği</a> yaygınlaştı. Artan endişelere yanıt olarak hükûmet, 1970 yılında çevre koruma yasalarını çıkardı.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1973_Petrol_Krizi" title="1973 Petrol Krizi">1973'teki petrol krizi</a>, Japonya'nın doğal kaynak eksikliği nedeniyle enerjinin verimli kullanımını da teşvik etti.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, bir ülkenin çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe olan bağlılığını ölçen 2018 <a href="/wiki/%C3%87evresel_Performans_Endeksi" title="Çevresel Performans Endeksi">Çevresel Performans Endeksi</a>'nde 20. sırada yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya dünyanın en büyük beşinci <a href="/wiki/Karbondioksit" title="Karbondioksit">karbondioksit</a> salımı yapan ülkesidir.<sup id="cite_ref-climatechange_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatechange-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1997 <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protokol%C3%BC" title="Kyoto Protokolü">Kyoto Protokolü</a>'nün ev sahibi ve imzacısı olan Japonya, karbondioksit emisyonlarını azaltma ve iklim değişikliğini engellemek için başka adımlar atma konusunda anlaşma yükümlülüğü altındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020 yılında Japonya hükûmeti 2050 yılına kadar karbon nötr olma hedefini açıkladı.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Çevre sorunları arasında kentsel <a href="/wiki/Hava_kirlili%C4%9Fi" title="Hava kirliliği">hava kirliliği</a> (NOx, asılı <a href="/wiki/Partik%C3%BCl" title="Partikül">partiküller</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Toksiklik" title="Toksiklik">toksikler</a>), <a href="/wiki/At%C4%B1k_y%C3%B6netimi" title="Atık yönetimi">atık yönetimi</a>, suyun <a href="/wiki/%C3%96trofikasyon" title="Ötrofikasyon">ötrofikasyonu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fa_koruma" title="Doğa koruma">doğanın korunması</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0klim_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Fi" title="İklim değişikliği">iklim değişikliği</a>, kimyasal yönetimi ve koruma için uluslararası işbirliği yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siyaset">Siyaset</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Siyaset" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=9" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Siyaset"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_siyaset" title="Japonya'da siyaset">Japonya'da siyaset</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japonya_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Japonya hükûmeti">Japonya hükûmeti</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33502344/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:boyut;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Crown_Prince_Naruhito_(2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg/118px-Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg/177px-Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg/236px-Crown_Prince_Naruhito_%282018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="938" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><center><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Japonya_imparatoru" title="Japonya imparatoru">Japonya imparatoru</a><br />2019'dan beri</center></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_(6)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_%286%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/126px-%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_%286%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_%286%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/189px-%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_%286%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_%286%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/252px-%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E7%99%BA%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AB%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%A6%8B_%286%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="998" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><center><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Japonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Japonya başbakanı">Japonya başbakanı</a><br />2024'ten beri</center></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Japonya_imparatoru" title="Japonya imparatoru">imparatorun</a> sembolik yetkilere sahip olduğu <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniter_devlet" title="Üniter devlet">üniter</a> bir <a href="/wiki/Me%C5%9Frutiyet" title="Meşrutiyet">anayasal monarşidir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-euparl_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euparl-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Anayasası">Japonya Anayasası</a>'na göre imparator “devletin ve halkın birliğinin simgesidir” ve egemenlik hakkı olmaksızın sadece törensel rol oynar. Egemenlik ise Japon halkına ait olup yürütme yetkisi başbakan ve Bakanlar Kurulunun diğer seçilmiş üyeleri tarafından kullanılır.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya imparatoru, günümüzde <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mparator" title="İmparator">imparator</a> unvanına sahip dünyadaki tek hükümdardır.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Yamato Hanedanı">Japonya İmparatorluk Ailesi</a>, MÖ 660 yılına kadar uzanan tarihi ile günümüzde de devam eden dünyanın en eski monarşi <a href="/wiki/Hanedan" title="Hanedan">hanedanıdır</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Günümüz Japonya imparatoru, 2019 yılında <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a>'nun çekilmesinden sonra tahta çıkan <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>'dur.<sup id="cite_ref-euparl_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euparl-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/220px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/330px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/440px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Diyet_Binas%C4%B1" title="Millî Diyet Binası">Millî Diyet Binası</a>, Japonya'nın ulusal yasama organının bulunduğu binadır.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'nın yasama organı, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ift_meclislilik" title="Çift meclislilik">çift meclisli</a> bir <a href="/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento">parlamento</a> olan <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Diyet" title="Ulusal Diyet">Ulusal Diyet</a>'tir.<sup id="cite_ref-euparl_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euparl-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diyet, her dört yılda bir veya feshedildiğinde halk oylamasıyla seçilen 465 sandalyeli alt <a href="/wiki/Temsilciler_Meclisi_(Japonya)" title="Temsilciler Meclisi (Japonya)">Temsilciler Meclisi</a> ile halk tarafından seçilen üyeleri altı yıl süreyle görev yapan 245 sandalyeli üst <a href="/wiki/Dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fmanlar_Meclisi_(Japonya)" title="Danışmanlar Meclisi (Japonya)">Danışmanlar Meclisi</a>'nden oluşmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-sec_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18 yaşın üzerindeki yetişkinler için <a href="/wiki/Genel_oy_hakk%C4%B1" title="Genel oy hakkı">genel oy hakkı</a> bulunmaktadır<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve tüm seçilmiş makamlar için <a href="/wiki/Gizli_oy" title="Gizli oy">gizli oylama</a> yapılır.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Merkez_sa%C4%9F" title="Merkez sağ">Merkez sağ</a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C3%A7ad%C4%B1r" title="Büyük çadır">büyük çadır</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Demokrat_Parti_(Japonya)" title="Liberal Demokrat Parti (Japonya)">Liberal Demokrat Parti</a>, 1993 ve 1994 yılları arasında kısa bir 11 aylık dönem ve 2009-2012 yılları dışında genellikle 1955 Sistemi olarak adlandırılan, 1950'lerden bu yana ülkenin egemen partisidir.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Japonya başbakanı">Japonya başbakanı</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCk%C3%BBmet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Hükûmet başkanı">hükûmetin başıdır</a> ve Diyet üyeleri arasından belirlenerek imparator tarafından atanır.<sup id="cite_ref-sec_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Başbakan, <a href="/wiki/Japonya_kabinesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya kabinesi">Bakanlar Kurulunun</a> başı olarak devlet bakanlarını atama ve görevden alma yetkisine sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-sec_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Günümüz başbakan 2024 Liberal Demokrat Parti liderlik seçimini kazandıktan sonra göreve başlayan <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a>'dır.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hukuk">Hukuk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Hukuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=10" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Hukuk"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya_hukuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya hukuku">Japonya hukuku</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropoliten_Polis_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Tokyo Metropoliten Polis Teşkilatı">Tokyo Metropoliten Polis Teşkilatı</a>'nın ana binası</figcaption></figure> <p>Tarihsel olarak Çin hukukundan etkilenen Japon hukuk sistemi, Edo Dönemi'nde <i>Kujikata Osadamegaki</i> gibi metinler aracılığıyla bağımsız olarak gelişti.<sup id="cite_ref-dean_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dean-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19. yüzyılın sonlarından bu yana yargı sistemi büyük ölçüde Avrupa'nın, özellikle de Almanya'nın <a href="/wiki/Kara_Avrupas%C4%B1_hukuk_d%C3%BCzeni" title="Kara Avrupası hukuk düzeni">Kara Avrupası hukuk düzenine</a> dayanmaktadır. 1896'da Japonya, Alman <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</a>'a dayalı bir <a href="/wiki/Medeni_hukuk" title="Medeni hukuk">medeni hukuk</a> oluşturdu ve bu kanun, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası değişikliklerle de yürürlükte kaldı.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1947'de kabul edilen <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Anayasası">Japonya Anayasası</a>, dünyanın değiştirilmemiş en eski anayasasıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-anomalous-constitution_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anomalous-constitution-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yasal hukuk yasama organından kaynaklanır ve anayasa, imparatorun Meclis tarafından kabul edilen mevzuatı, kendisine mevzuata karşı çıkma yetkisi vermeden yayınlamasını gerektirir. Japon yazılı hukukunun ana gövdesine Altı Kanun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">六法</span><span style="display:none">,</span> <i>roppō</i>)</span> adı verilir.<sup id="cite_ref-dean_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dean-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın mahkeme sistemi <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCksek_Mahkeme_(Japonya)" title="Yüksek Mahkeme (Japonya)">Yüksek Mahkeme</a> ve üç seviyeli alt mahkemeler olmak üzere dört temel kademeye ayrılmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya'da iç güvenlik esas olarak <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Kamu_G%C3%BCvenlik_Komisyonu" title="Ulusal Kamu Güvenlik Komisyonu">Ulusal Kamu Güvenlik Komisyonu</a> tarafından yönetilen <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Polis_Ajans%C4%B1_(Japonya)" title="Ulusal Polis Ajansı (Japonya)">Ulusal Polis Ajansı</a>'nın gözetimi altında prefektörlük polis teşkilatları tarafından sağlanmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPA1977-2_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPA1977-2-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japon_Sahil_G%C3%BCvenlik_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Japon Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatı">Japon Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatı</a>, Japonya'yı çevreleyen karasularını korumak ve kaçakçılık, denizde <a href="/wiki/%C3%87evre_su%C3%A7u" title="Çevre suçu">çevre suçları</a>, kaçak avcılık, casus gemiler ve <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzensiz_g%C3%B6%C3%A7" title="Düzensiz göç">yasadışı göçe</a> karşı müdahaleden sorumludur.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler_Uyu%C5%9Fturucu_ve_Su%C3%A7_Ofisi" title="Birleşmiş Milletler Uyuşturucu ve Suç Ofisi">Birleşmiş Milletler Uyuşturucu ve Suç Ofisi</a>'ne göre, 2018 yılı itibarıyla istatistik raporlayan BM üye ülkeleri arasında, Japonya'da cinayet, adam kaçırma, cinsel şiddet ve soygun gibi şiddet içeren suçların görülme oranlarının oldukça düşük olduğu belirtilmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, aynı zamanda ABD, Singapur ve Tayvan ile birlikte gelişmiş ülkeler arasında <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_%C3%B6l%C3%BCm_cezas%C4%B1" title="Japonya'da ölüm cezası">ölüm cezasının</a> uygulandığı dört ülkeden biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="İdari_bölümler"><span id=".C4.B0dari_b.C3.B6l.C3.BCmler"></span>İdari bölümler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: İdari bölümler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=11" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: İdari bölümler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_idari_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCmleri" title="Japonya'nın idari bölümleri">Japonya'nın idari bölümleri</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Daha fazla bilgi: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Japonya'nın bölgeleri">Japonya'nın bölgeleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCkleri" title="Japonya'nın prefektörlükleri">Japonya'nın prefektörlükleri</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_belediyeleri" title="Japonya'nın belediyeleri">Japonya'nın belediyeleri</a></div> <p>Japonya, idari olarak dört yılda bir seçilen vali, yasama ve idari bürokrasi tarafından denetlenen 47 <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCkleri" title="Japonya'nın prefektörlükleri">prefektörlüğe</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja">都道府県</span><span style="display:none">,</span> <i><i>todofuken</i></i>)</span> ayrılır.<sup id="cite_ref-ijmeb_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ijmeb-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prefektörlükler ise <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_%C5%9Fehirleri" title="Japonya'nın şehirleri">şehir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_kasabalar%C4%B1" title="Japonya'nın kasabaları">kasaba</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_k%C3%B6yleri" title="Japonya'nın köyleri">köy</a> olmak üzere 1.719 <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_belediyeleri" title="Japonya'nın belediyeleri">belediyeye</a> ayrılır ve prefektörlükler gibi seçimle başa gelen bir belediye başkanı ve yasamaya sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> özel bir statüye sahip olup bunlara ek olarak 23 <a href="/wiki/Tokyo%27nun_%C3%B6zel_semtleri" title="Tokyo'nun özel semtleri">özel semte</a> ayrılır. Ülkenin en büyük 20 şehri de daha fazla yetkileri ve <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_semtleri" title="Japonya'nın semtleri">alt bölümleri</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmet_kararnamesi_ile_belirlenmi%C5%9F_%C5%9Fehirleri" title="Japonya'nın hükûmet kararnamesi ile belirlenmiş şehirleri">hükûmet kararnamesi ile belirlenmiş şehir</a> statüsündedir.<sup id="cite_ref-ijmeb_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ijmeb-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a> ise prefektörlük ve belediyeler arası 14 <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_alt_prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCkleri" title="Japonya'nın alt prefektörlükleri">alt prefektörlüğe</a> ayrılır. Aynı zamanda bazı diğer prefektörlüklerde de alt prefektörlükler bulunmaktadır. Japonya üniter bir devlet olmasına rağmen, yerel yönetim hala birçok alanda nispeten yüksek derecede özerkliğe sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-ijmeb_139-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ijmeb-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya aynı zamanda sekiz <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Japonya'nın bölgeleri">bölgeye</a> ayrılmıştır ancak bu bölgeler coğrafi olup herhangi bir idari bir yapıyı temsil etmemektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg/500px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="662" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg/750px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg/1000px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="755" usemap="#ImageMap_ff4ae8911cc33881" resource="/wiki/Dosya:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_ff4ae8911cc33881"><area href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" shape="poly" coords="367,3,440,57,478,39,495,81,452,100,428,149,378,127,353,141,335,133,362,160,329,182,317,140,331,103,362,82,358,18" alt="Hokkaidō" title="Hokkaidō" /><area href="/wiki/Aomori_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" shape="poly" coords="339,193,349,193,353,208,368,207,370,191,354,194,358,179,372,181,376,210,389,224,367,233,366,225,334,230,326,223,341,195" alt="Aomori (prefektörlük)" title="Aomori (prefektörlük)" /><area href="/wiki/Akita_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" 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alt="Okayama (prefektörlük)" title="Okayama (prefektörlük)" /><area href="/wiki/Shimane" shape="poly" coords="125,458,131,481,109,495,88,514,79,502" alt="Shimane" title="Shimane" /><area href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" shape="poly" coords="130,481,143,504,112,518,98,516,91,509" alt="Hiroşima (prefektörlük)" title="Hiroşima (prefektörlük)" /><area href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" shape="poly" coords="77,504,98,517,96,537,63,535,53,516" alt="Yamaguchi (prefektörlük)" title="Yamaguchi (prefektörlük)" /><area href="/wiki/Kagawa" shape="poly" coords="160,505,148,515,151,524,178,512" alt="Kagawa" title="Kagawa" /><area href="/wiki/Tokushima_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" shape="poly" coords="177,512,150,525,175,540,188,524" alt="Tokushima (prefektörlük)" title="Tokushima (prefektörlük)" /><area href="/wiki/Ehime" shape="poly" coords="148,522,133,527,125,520,97,552,112,556,114,574,124,548" alt="Ehime" title="Ehime" /><area 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coords="201,552,249,563" alt="Wakayama (prefektörlük)" title="Wakayama (prefektörlük)" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dış_ilişkiler"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ili.C5.9Fkiler"></span>Dış ilişkiler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış ilişkiler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=12" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış ilişkiler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_d%C4%B1%C5%9F_ili%C5%9Fkileri" title="Japonya'nın dış ilişkileri">Japonya'nın dış ilişkileri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg/220px-G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg/330px-G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg/440px-G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3861" data-file-height="2574" /></a><figcaption>Japonya hem <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> hem de <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> üyesidir</figcaption></figure> <p>1956'dan bu yana <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler" title="Birleşmiş Milletler">Birleşmiş Milletler</a> üyesi olan Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler_G%C3%BCvenlik_Konseyi" title="Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi">Güvenlik Konseyi</a> reformu isteyen <a href="/wiki/G4_%C3%BClkeleri" title="G4 ülkeleri">G4 ülkeleri</a> arasında yer alır.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asya-Pasifik_Ekonomik_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi" title="Asya-Pasifik Ekonomik İşbirliği">APEC</a> ve "<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Serbest_Ticaret_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="ASEAN Serbest Ticaret Bölgesi">ASEAN Plus Three</a>" üyesidir ve <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi" title="Doğu Asya Zirvesi">Doğu Asya Zirvesi</a>'nin katılımcısıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-terada_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terada-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014'te 9,2 milyar ABD doları tutarında bağış yapan Japonya, dünyanın en büyük beşinci <a href="/wiki/Resm%C3%AE_kalk%C4%B1nma_yard%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Resmî kalkınma yardımı">resmî kalkınma yardımı</a> bağışçısıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2024 yılı itibarı ile Japonya dünyanın dördüncü en büyük diplomatik ağına sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-global-diplomacy-index_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global-diplomacy-index-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_ile_Japonya_aras%C4%B1nda_Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_ve_G%C3%BCvenlik_Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Japonya arasında Karşılıklı İşbirliği ve Güvenlik Anlaşması">güvenlik ittifakını</a> sürdürdüğü <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a> ile yakın bağları bulunur.<sup id="cite_ref-us-relations_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-relations-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> II. Dünya Savaşı'nın bitmesinden bu yana iki ülke yakın ekonomik ve savunma ilişkilerini sürdürmüştür. ABD, Japon ihracatı için büyük bir pazar ve Japon ithalatının başlıca kaynağıdır ve Japonya'yı kısmen bu amaç için askeri üslere sahip olan ülkeyi korumaya kararlıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-us-relations_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-relations-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya ayrıca, ABD, <a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a>'la birlikte <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a>'in <a href="/wiki/Hint-Pasifik" title="Hint-Pasifik">Hint-Pasifik bölgesindeki</a> etkisini mevcut ilişkileri ve işbirliği modellerini yansıtarak sınırlamayı amaçlayan, 2017'de yeniden düzenlenen çok taraflı bir güvenlik diyaloğu olan <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rtl%C3%BC_G%C3%BCvenlik_Diyalo%C4%9Fu" title="Dörtlü Güvenlik Diyaloğu">Dörtlü Güvenlik Diyaloğu</a>'nun ("Quad") da bir üyesidir.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya'nın komşularıyla çeşitli tarihsel ve bölgesel anlaşmazlıkları bulunur.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a>'nın 1945'te <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyetler Birliği</a> tarafından <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Adalar%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n_i%C5%9Fgali" title="Kuril Adaları'nın işgali">işgal edilen</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Adalar%C4%B1_anla%C5%9Fmazl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kuril Adaları anlaşmazlığı">Güney Kuril Adaları üzerindeki kontrolüne</a> karşı çıkar.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a>'nin <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Kayal%C4%B1klar%C4%B1" title="Liancourt Kayalıkları">Liancourt Kayalıkları</a> üzerindeki kontrolü Japonya tarafından kabul edilmez.<sup id="cite_ref-takeshima_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takeshima-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, Çin ve <a href="/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan">Tayvan</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Senkaku Adaları">Senkaku Adaları</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Okinotorishima" title="Okinotorishima">Okinotorishima</a>'nın statüsü nedeniyle gerginlik yaşar.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yine Japonya'nın, Çin ve Güney Kore ile II. Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki yaşananlar nedeniyle anlaşmazlıkları bulunur.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_149-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın ayrıca kaçırılan Japon vatandaşları ve <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Kore_n%C3%BCkleer_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_yak%C4%B1n_tarih%C3%A7esi" title="Kuzey Kore nükleer tartışmasının yakın tarihçesi">nükleer silah programı</a> konusunda <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Kore" title="Kuzey Kore">Kuzey Kore</a> ile devam eden bir gerginliği bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordu">Ordu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ordu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=13" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ordu"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Japon Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:JS_Ise,_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013,_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/JS_Ise%2C_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013%2C_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg/220px-JS_Ise%2C_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013%2C_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/JS_Ise%2C_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013%2C_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg/330px-JS_Ise%2C_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013%2C_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/JS_Ise%2C_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013%2C_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg/440px-JS_Ise%2C_Haruyuki_and_Abukuma_in_the_East_China_Sea_after_Keen_Sword_2013%2C_-16_Nov._2012_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3773" data-file-height="2515" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Japon_Deniz_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Deniz Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Japon Deniz Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri</a>'ne ait <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%ABga_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1f%C4%B1_refakat_gemisi" title="Hyūga sınıfı refakat gemisi"><i>Hyūga</i> sınıfı refakat gemisi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya, 2022 <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCresel_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F_Endeksi" title="Küresel Barış Endeksi">Küresel Barış Endeksi</a>'nde <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a>'dan sonra Asya ülkeleri arasında ikinci sırada yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022'de toplam GSYİH'sinin %1,1'ini savunma bütçesine harcadı<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 2022'de de <a href="/wiki/Savunma_harcamalar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Savunma harcamalarına göre ülkeler listesi">dünyanın en büyük onuncu askeri bütçesini</a> korudu.<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın askerî gücü olan <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Japon Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n_9._maddesi" title="Japonya Anayasası'nın 9. maddesi">Japonya Anayasası'nın 9. maddesi</a> ile sınırlandırılmış olup uluslararası anlaşmazlıklarda savaş ilan etme veya askerî güç kullanma hakkından feragat etmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri, <a href="/wiki/Savunma_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_(Japonya)" title="Savunma Bakanlığı (Japonya)">Savunma Bakanlığı</a> tarafından yönetilmektedir ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_Kara_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Kara Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Kara Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_Deniz_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Deniz Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Deniz Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_Hava_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Japon Hava Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Hava Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri</a>'nden oluşmaktadır. Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri'ne katılım tamamen gönüllüdür.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, 1992 yılında yapılan bir kanun değişikliğiyle birlikte <a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a> gibi ülkelerde barış operasyonlarına katılarak II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana ilk defa ülke dışına asker göndermiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon Deniz Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri, RIMPAC deniz tatbikatlarına düzenli olarak katılmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayrıca Japonya'nın, <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Boynuzu" title="Afrika Boynuzu">Afrika Boynuzu</a>'nda stratejik açıdan önemli küçük bir yer olan <a href="/wiki/Cibuti" title="Cibuti">Cibuti</a>'de 2009'dan beri <a href="/wiki/Korsanl%C4%B1k" title="Korsanlık">korsanlıkla</a> mücadele amaçlı bir askeri üssü bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya hükûmeti, <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_G%C3%BCvenlik_Konseyi_(Japonya)" title="Ulusal Güvenlik Konseyi (Japonya)">Ulusal Güvenlik Konseyi</a>'nin kurulması, Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi'nin kabul edilmesi ve Ulusal Savunma Programı Kılavuzları'nın geliştirilmesini içeren güvenlik politikasında değişiklikler düzenlemektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-Japan's_Security_Policy_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan's_Security_Policy-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayıs 2014'te Başbakan <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Einzo_Abe" title="Şinzo Abe">Şinzo Abe</a>, Japonya'nın II. Dünya Savaşı'nın sona ermesinden bu yana sürdürdüğü pasiflikten kurtulmak ve bölgesel güvenlik konusunda daha fazla sorumluluk almak istediğini açıklamıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-JapanAsia_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapanAsia-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aralık 2022'de Başbakan Fumiyo Kişida, hükûmete harcamaları 2027'ye kadar %65 artırma talimatı vererek bu eğilimi daha da doğruladı.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Özellikle Kuzey Kore ve Çin ile yaşanan son gerilimler, Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri'nin statüsü ve Japon toplumu arasındaki ilişkileri hakkındaki tartışmayı yeniden alevlendirdi.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=14" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ekonomi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya_ekonomisi" title="Japonya ekonomisi">Japonya ekonomisi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg/220px-The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg/330px-The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg/440px-The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Menkul_K%C4%B1ymetler_Borsas%C4%B1" title="Tokyo Menkul Kıymetler Borsası">Tokyo Menkul Kıymetler Borsası</a>, Asya'nın en büyük menkul kıymetler borsalarından biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-nikkeiasian_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkeiasian-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya, nominal GSYH bakımından ABD, Çin ve Almanya'nın ardından <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">dünyanın dördüncü büyük ekonomisine</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">satın alma gücüne</a> göre dördüncü büyük ekonomisidir.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 itibarıyla Japonya'nın işgücü, 68,6 milyondan fazla işçiden oluşan dünyanın sekizinci en büyük işgücüdür.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 itibarıyla Japonya'da %2,6 civarında <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelere_g%C3%B6re_i%C5%9Fsizlik_oran%C4%B1_listesi" title="Ülkelere göre işsizlik oranı listesi">düşük bir işsizlik oranı</a> bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yoksulluk oranı G7 ülkeleri arasında en yüksek ikinci sırada yer almaktadır<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve nüfusun %15,7'sini aşmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, gelişmiş ekonomiler arasında <a href="/wiki/Devlet_borcu" title="Devlet borcu">kamu borcunun</a> GSYH'ye oranının en yüksek olduğu ülke olup,<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kamu borcunun 2022 itibarıyla GSYH'ye oranı %248 olarak tahmin edilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japon_yeni" title="Japon yeni">Japon yeni</a>, ABD doları ve eurodan sonra dünyanın üçüncü büyük <a href="/wiki/Rezerv_para" title="Rezerv para">rezerv para birimidir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, 2022 itibarı ile dünyanın <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelere_g%C3%B6re_ihracat_rakamlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Ülkelere göre ihracat rakamları listesi">beşinci büyük ihracatçısı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelere_g%C3%B6re_ithalat_rakamlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Ülkelere göre ithalat rakamları listesi">dördüncü büyük ithalatçısıdır</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021'de ihracatı toplam GSYİH'nın %18,2'sini oluşturdu.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 itibarıyla Japonya'nın ana ihracat pazarları Çin (Hong Kong dâhil %23,9) ve ABD (%18,5) idi.<sup id="cite_ref-STATJETRO_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STATJETRO-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Başlıca ihracat ürünleri motorlu taşıtlar, demir-çelik ürünleri, yarı iletkenler ve otomobil parçalarıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 itibarıyla Japonya'nın ana ithalat pazarları Çin (%21,1), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (%9,9) ve Avustralya (%9,8) idi.<sup id="cite_ref-STATJETRO_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STATJETRO-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın ana ithalatı makine ve teçhizat, fosil yakıtlar, gıda maddeleri, kimyasallar ve endüstrilerine yönelik hammaddelerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-STATJETRO_178-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STATJETRO-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meiji Restorasyonu'nda Japonya feodal sosyal sistemi terk ederek hızlı modernleşme ve sanayileşmeye başladı. Meiji Dönemi'nin yöneticileri, başından beri <a href="/wiki/Piyasa_ekonomisi" title="Piyasa ekonomisi">piyasa ekonomisini</a> savundular ve Britanya ve Kuzey Amerika'dan bağımsız kurumsal kapitalizmi benimsediler. Agresif girişimcilerle dolu özel sektör, değişimi memnuniyetle karşıladı.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın 1960'lardan 1980'lere kadar olan hızlı ekonomik büyümesi "<a href="/wiki/Japon_ekonomik_mucizesi" title="Japon ekonomik mucizesi">ekonomik mucize</a>" olarak adlandırıldı. Bu dönemde ekonomi 1960'larda yılda yaklaşık %10, 1970'lerde %5 ve 1980'lerde %4 büyüdü. 1990'ların başında <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_balon_ekonomisi" title="Japonya'nın balon ekonomisi">Japonya'nın balon ekonomisinin</a> patlaması <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1p_Ony%C4%B1l_(Japonya)" title="Kayıp Onyıl (Japonya)">ekonomik krize ve durgunluğa</a> yol açtı.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekonominin durumu sonraki on yılda iyileşmedi ve <a href="/wiki/1997_Asya_mali_krizi" title="1997 Asya mali krizi">1997 Asya mali krizi</a> ile 2000-01'deki küresel durgunluk nedeniyle durum daha da kötüleşti.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devlet yönetiminin etkisi azalmaya başlamış ve 2005 yılından sonra ekonomide toparlanma işaretleri görülmeye başlanmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kapitalizmin Japon versiyonu birçok farklı özelliğe sahiptir: <a href="/wiki/Keiretsu" title="Keiretsu">keiretsu</a> girişimleri etkilidir ve Japon çalışma ortamında ömür boyu istihdam ve kıdeme dayalı kariyer gelişimi yaygındır.<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2008_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2008-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, 2018 itibarıyla en büyük <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCketici_kooperatifi" title="Tüketici kooperatifi">tüketici kooperatifi</a> ve en büyük <a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m_kooperatifi" title="Tarım kooperatifi">tarım kooperatifi</a> de dâhil olmak üzere dünyanın en büyük on kooperatifinden üçünün bulunduğu büyük bir <a href="/wiki/Kooperatif" title="Kooperatif">kooperatif</a> sektörüne sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Menkul_K%C4%B1ymetler_Borsas%C4%B1" title="Tokyo Menkul Kıymetler Borsası">Tokyo Menkul Kıymetler Borsası</a>, Asya'nın ve dünyanın en büyük menkul kıymetler borsalarından biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-nikkeiasian_167-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkeiasian-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, <a href="/wiki/Rekabet_(ekonomi)" title="Rekabet (ekonomi)">rekabet gücü</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Ekonomik_%C3%B6zg%C3%BCrl%C3%BCk" title="Ekonomik özgürlük">ekonomik özgürlük</a> açısından üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Japonya, 2019 <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCresel_Rekabet_Endeksi" title="Küresel Rekabet Endeksi">Küresel Rekabet Endeksi</a>'nde altıncı sıradadır.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarım_ve_balıkçılık"><span id="Tar.C4.B1m_ve_bal.C4.B1k.C3.A7.C4.B1l.C4.B1k"></span>Tarım ve balıkçılık</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarım ve balıkçılık" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=15" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarım ve balıkçılık"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_tar%C4%B1m,_ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_ve_bal%C4%B1k%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Japonya'da tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılık">Japonya'da tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılık</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu,_Japan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/220px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/330px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/440px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Aizu'da (<a href="/wiki/Fuku%C5%9Fima_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Fukuşima (prefektörlük)">Fukuşima</a>) bir <a href="/wiki/%C3%87eltik_tarlas%C4%B1" title="Çeltik tarlası">çeltik tarlası</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japon <a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m" title="Tarım">tarım</a> sektörü, 2018 itibarıyla ülkenin toplam GSYİH'sının yaklaşık %1,2'sini oluşturmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-sec_122-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya topraklarının yalnızca %11,5'i ekime uygundur.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekilebilir arazinin azlığı nedeniyle küçük alanlarda tarım yapmak için <a href="/wiki/Teras_(tar%C4%B1m)" title="Teras (tarım)">teras sistemi</a> kullanılmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-Urbanites_Help_Sustain_Japan's_Historic_Rice_Paddy_Terraces_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urbanites_Help_Sustain_Japan's_Historic_Rice_Paddy_Terraces-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu sayede Japonya, 2018 yılı itibarıyla yaklaşık %50'lik tarımsal kendi kendine yeterlilik oranıyla, birim alan başına dünyanın en yüksek mahsul verimi seviyelerinden birine sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın küçük tarım sektörü yüksek oranda sübvanse edilmekte ve korunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Çiftçiler yaşlandıkça ve haleflerini bulmakta zorlanırken çiftçilik konusunda artan bir endişe bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Balıkçılık">yakalanan balık</a> tonajında dünyada yedinci sırada yer almaktadır ve önceki on yıldaki yıllık ortalama 4.000.000 tondan 2016 yılı itibarı ile 3.167.610 metrik ton balık yakaladı.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, dünyanın en büyük balıkçılık filolarından birine sahiptir ve küresel avlanmanın yaklaşık %15'ini karşılamaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'daki balıkçılığın <a href="/wiki/Orkinos" title="Orkinos">ton balığı</a> gibi balık stoklarının tükenmesine yol açtığı yönündeki eleştirilere yol açmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın ticari <a href="/wiki/Balina_avc%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Balina avcılığı">balina avcılığını</a> desteklemesi tartışmalara yol açmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanayi">Sanayi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Sanayi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=16" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Sanayi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Toyota_MIRAI_Z_(JPD20)_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Toyota_MIRAI_Z_%28JPD20%29_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg/220px-Toyota_MIRAI_Z_%28JPD20%29_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Toyota_MIRAI_Z_%28JPD20%29_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg/330px-Toyota_MIRAI_Z_%28JPD20%29_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Toyota_MIRAI_Z_%28JPD20%29_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg/440px-Toyota_MIRAI_Z_%28JPD20%29_with_the_factory-installed_option.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> tarafından üretilen bir <a href="/wiki/Hidromobil" title="Hidromobil">hidrojen</a> <a href="/wiki/Yak%C4%B1t_h%C3%BCcreli_otomobil" title="Yakıt hücreli otomobil">yakıt hücreli otomobil</a>. Japonya, dünyanın <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelere_g%C3%B6re_otomobil_%C3%BCretimi_listesi" title="Ülkelere göre otomobil üretimi listesi">üçüncü</a> büyük otomobil üreticisidir.<sup id="cite_ref-OICA_Production_Statistics_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OICA_Production_Statistics-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya büyük bir endüstriyel kapasiteye sahiptir ve "<a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_otomotiv_end%C3%BCstrisi" title="Japonya'da otomotiv endüstrisi">otomotiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tak%C4%B1m_tezg%C3%A2h%C4%B1" title="Takım tezgâhı">Takım tezgâhlarının</a>, çelik ve demir dışı metallerin, <a href="/wiki/Gemi" title="Gemi">gemilerin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimyasal_madde" title="Kimyasal madde">kimyasal maddelerin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstillerin</a> ve <a href="/wiki/G%C4%B1da_i%C5%9Fleme" title="Gıda işleme">işlenmiş gıdaların</a> en büyük ve teknolojik olarak en gelişmiş üreticilerinden bazılarına" ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın sanayi sektörü, <a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a>'sının yaklaşık %27,5'ini oluşturmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülkenin imalat üretimi, 2019 itibarıyla dünyanın üçüncü en yüksek üretimidir.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanınmış Japon imalat ve teknoloji şirketleri arasında <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamaha" title="Yamaha">Yamaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Corporation">Nippon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Pharmaceutical_Company" title="Takeda Pharmaceutical Company">Takeda Pharma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komatsu" title="Komatsu">Komatsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp" title="Sharp">Sharp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canon" title="Canon">Canon</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, 2022 yılı itibarıyla <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelere_g%C3%B6re_otomobil_%C3%BCretimi_listesi" title="Ülkelere göre otomobil üretimi listesi">dünyanın üçüncü büyük otomobil üreticisi</a> konumunda olup, araç üretimi bakımından dünyanın en büyük otomobil şirketi <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>'ya ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-OICA_Production_Statistics_194-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OICA_Production_Statistics-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, niceliksel olarak 2021'de dünyanın en büyük otomobil ihracatçısıyken<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2023'ün başlarında bu unvanı Çin'e bıraktı.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon gemi inşa endüstrisi, Doğu Asyalı komşuları Güney Kore ve Çin'den gelen rekabetle karşı karşıyadır; bir 2020 hükûmet girişimi, bu sektörü ihracatı artırma hedefleri kapsamında desteklenmesi gereken sektörlerden biri olarak belirledi.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hizmet_ve_turizm">Hizmet ve turizm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Hizmet ve turizm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=17" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Hizmet ve turizm"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_turizm" title="Japonya'da turizm">Japonya'da turizm</a></div> <p>Japonya'nın hizmet sektörü, 2021 itibarıyla toplam ekonomik üretiminin yaklaşık %69,5'ini oluşturmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toyota, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_UFJ_Financial_Group" title="Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group">Mitsubishi UFJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86ON" title="ÆON">ÆON</a>, <a href="/wiki/SoftBank" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a>, Hitachi ve <a href="/wiki/Itochu" title="Itochu">Itochu</a> gibi <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500_listesi" title="Fortune Global 500 listesi">Fortune Global 500 listesinde</a> yer alan şirketler ile birlikte <a href="/wiki/Banka" title="Banka">bankacılık</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perakendecilik" title="Perakendecilik">perakende</a>, ulaşım ve <a href="/wiki/Telekom%C3%BCnikasyon" title="Telekomünikasyon">telekomünikasyon</a> büyük endüstrilerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-Fortune_Global_500_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortune_Global_500-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, 2019'da 31,9 milyon uluslararası turist çekti<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve içe yönelik turizmde 2019'da <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_turizm_s%C4%B1ralamas%C4%B1" title="Dünya turizm sıralaması">dünyada on birinci sırada</a> yer aldı.<sup id="cite_ref-WTOB_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTOB-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 Seyahat ve Turizm Rekabet Edebilirlik Raporu, Japonya'yı 117 ülke arasında dünyada birinci sıraya koydu.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019 yılında uluslararası turizm geliri 46,1 milyar dolara ulaştı.<sup id="cite_ref-WTOB_206-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTOB-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilim_ve_teknoloji">Bilim ve teknoloji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Bilim ve teknoloji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=18" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Bilim ve teknoloji"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_bilim_ve_teknoloji" title="Japonya'da bilim ve teknoloji">Japonya'da bilim ve teknoloji</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33502344/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:boyut;max-width:244px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_(11248310174).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_%2811248310174%29.jpg/240px-The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_%2811248310174%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_%2811248310174%29.jpg/360px-The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_%2811248310174%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_%2811248310174%29.jpg/480px-The_43rd_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2013_PENTAX_K-3_158_%2811248310174%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> tarafından geliştirilen <a href="/wiki/ASIMO" title="ASIMO">ASIMO</a> robotu.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/240px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/360px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/480px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2039" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Uzay_%C4%B0stasyonu" title="Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu">Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu</a>'ndaki Japon Deney Modülü (<a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D" title="Kibō">Kibō</a>).</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Japonya, özellikle <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fa_bilimleri" title="Doğa bilimleri">doğa bilimleri</a> ve <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChendislik" title="Mühendislik">mühendislik</a> olmak üzere bilimsel araştırmalarda dünyada önde gelen ülkeler arasında yer alır.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, 2023 <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCresel_%C4%B0novasyon_Endeksi" title="Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi">Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi</a>'nde 13. sırada yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gayri safi yurt içi hasılayla karşılaştırıldığında Japonya'nın araştırma ve geliştirme bütçesi, 2017 itibarıyla 867.000 araştırmacının 19 trilyon yenlik araştırma ve geliştirme bütçesiyle<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dünyanın en yüksek ikinci bütçesidir.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, fizik, kimya veya tıp alanlarında yirmi iki <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel Ödülü</a><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve üç <a href="/wiki/Fields_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Fields Madalyası">Fields Madalyası</a>'na sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, 2020 yılı toplamının %45'ini tedarik ederek <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robotik</a> üretimi ve kullanımında dünyaya liderlik etmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, 1000 çalışan başına 14 ile bilim ve teknoloji alanında dünyada kişi başına düşen en fazla araştırmacı sayısına sahip ikinci ülkedir.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bir zamanlar dünyanın en güçlüsü olarak kabul edilen Japon <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCketici_elektroni%C4%9Fi" title="Tüketici elektroniği">tüketici elektroniği</a> endüstrisi, Güney Kore ve Çin gibi komşu Doğu Asya ülkelerinden gelen rekabetle karşı karşıyadır.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancak Japon <a href="/wiki/Video_oyunu_end%C3%BCstrisi" title="Video oyunu endüstrisi">video oyunu endüstrisi</a> hala büyük bir sektör olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. 2014 yılında Japonya'nın tüketici video oyunu pazarı 9,6 milyar dolar hasılat elde etti; bunun 5,8 milyar doları <a href="/wiki/Mobil_oyun" title="Mobil oyun">mobil oyunlardan</a> geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2015 yılı itibarı ile Japonya, Çin, ABD ve Güney Kore'nin ardından dünyanın dördüncü büyük <a href="/wiki/Bilgisayar_oyunu" title="Bilgisayar oyunu">bilgisayar oyunu</a> pazarıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japonya_Uzay_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_Ajans%C4%B1" title="Japonya Uzay Araştırma Ajansı">Japonya Uzay Araştırma Ajansı</a>, Japonya'nın ulusal <a href="/wiki/Uzay_ajanslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Uzay ajansları listesi">uzay ajansı</a> olarak uzay, gezegen ve havacılık araştırmaları yürütür ve roket ve uyduların geliştirilmesine öncülük eder.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Uzay_%C4%B0stasyonu" title="Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu">Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu</a>'nun bir katılımcısıdır: <a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D" title="Kibō">Japon Deney Modülü</a> (<i>Kibō</i>), 2008 yılında <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> montaj uçuşları sırasında istasyona eklenmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(uzay_arac%C4%B1)" title="Akatsuki (uzay aracı)">Akatsuki</a> <a href="/wiki/Uzay_sondas%C4%B1" title="Uzay sondası">uzay sondası</a> 2010 yılında fırlatıldı ve 2015 yılında <a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%BCs" title="Venüs">Venüs</a>'ün etrafında yörüngeye ulaştı.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Uzay_ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1" title="Uzay araştırmaları">uzay araştırmalarına</a> ilişkin planları arasında bir <a href="/wiki/Ay%27%C4%B1n_kolonile%C5%9Ftirilmesi" title="Ay'ın kolonileştirilmesi">Ay üssü</a> inşa etmek ve 2030 yılına kadar astronot göndermek yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2007 yılında <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Uzay_Merkezi" title="Tanegashima Uzay Merkezi">Tanegashima Uzay Merkezi</a>'nden ay kaşifi <a href="/wiki/Kaguya" title="Kaguya">Kaguya</a>'yı fırlattı. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Projesi" title="Apollo Projesi">Apollo programından</a> bu yana gerçekleşen en büyük Ay misyonunun amacı Ay'ın kökeni ve evrimi hakkında veri toplamaktı. Kaguya, 4 Ekim 2007'de Ay yörüngesine girdi<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 11 Haziran 2009'da kasıtlı olarak Ay'a çarptı.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altyapı"><span id="Altyap.C4.B1"></span>Altyapı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Altyapı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=19" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Altyapı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulaşım"><span id="Ula.C5.9F.C4.B1m"></span>Ulaşım</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ulaşım" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=20" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ulaşım"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_ula%C5%9F%C4%B1m" title="Japonya'da ulaşım">Japonya'da ulaşım</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg/220px-Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg/330px-Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg/440px-Series-N700a-Mt.Fuji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5215" data-file-height="3477" /></a><figcaption>N700 serisi bir <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Einkansen" title="Şinkansen">Şinkansen</a> treni Fuji Dağı'nın önünden geçerken.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'da ulaşım altyapısı modern ve oldukça gelişmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülkede 2017 yılı itibarıyla 1 milyon km şehir, kasaba ve köy yolu, 130.000 km prefektörlük yolu, 54.736 km genel ulusal yol ve 7.641 km otoyol olmak üzere yaklaşık 1,2 milyon km karayolu bulunur.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'da trafik <a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fdan_ve_soldan_akan_trafik" title="Sağdan ve soldan akan trafik">soldan akar</a>. Yüksek hızlı, bölünmüş, sınırlı erişimli paralı yollardan oluşan bir tek ağ, büyük şehirleri birbirine bağlar ve paralı yol girişimleri tarafından işlenir. Enerji verimliliği teşvik etmek amacıyla araba sahipliği ücretleri ve benzin vergileri uygulanır.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'da otomobil kullanımı <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> ülkeleri arasındaki en düşüğüdür.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1987'deki özelleştirmeden bu yana, düzinelerce Japon demiryolu şirketi <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_demiryolu_ula%C5%9F%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Japonya'da demiryolu ulaşımı">yerel yolcu taşımacılığı</a> pazarlarında faaliyet gösterir; büyük şirketler arasında yedi <a href="/wiki/Japan_Railways" title="Japan Railways">JR</a> kuruluşu, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Railway" title="Kintetsu Railway">Kintetsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seibu_Railway" title="Seibu Railway">Seibu</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Keio_Corporation" title="Keio Corporation">Keio Corporation</a> yer alır.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Büyük şehirleri birbirine bağlayan yüksek hızlı <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Einkansen" title="Şinkansen">Şinkansenler</a> (hızlı trenler), güvenlikleri ve dakiklikleri ile bilinir.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2021 yılı itibarıyla ülkede <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_havalimanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Japonya'daki havalimanları listesi">175 havalimanı</a> bulunur.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_84-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En büyük iç hatlar havalimanı olan Tokyo'daki <a href="/wiki/Haneda_Uluslararas%C4%B1_Havaliman%C4%B1" title="Haneda Uluslararası Havalimanı">Haneda Uluslararası Havalimanı</a>, 2019'da <a href="/wiki/Yolcu_trafi%C4%9Fine_g%C3%B6re_d%C3%BCnyan%C4%B1n_en_i%C5%9Flek_havalimanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Yolcu trafiğine göre dünyanın en işlek havalimanları listesi">Asya'nın ikinci en işlek havalimanıydı</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keihin ve Hanshin süper liman merkezleri, 2017 itibarıyla sırasıyla 7,98 ve 5,22 milyon <a href="/wiki/Yirmi_ayak_e%C5%9Fde%C4%9Fer_birimi" title="Yirmi ayak eşdeğer birimi">TEU</a> ile dünyanın en büyükleri arasındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enerji">Enerji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Enerji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=21" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Enerji"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_enerji" title="Japonya'da enerji">Japonya'da enerji</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG/220px-Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG/330px-Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG/440px-Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Seaside_View.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_N%C3%BCkleer_Enerji_Santrali" title="Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nükleer Enerji Santrali">Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nükleer Enerji Santrali</a></figcaption></figure> <p>2019 yılı itibarıyla Japonya'da enerjinin %37,1'i <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrolden</a>, %25,1'i <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Kömür">kömürden</a>, %22,4'ü <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Falgaz" title="Doğalgaz">doğalgazdan</a>, %3,5'i <a href="/wiki/Hidroelektrik" title="Hidroelektrik">hidroelektrikten</a> ve %2,8'i <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_n%C3%BCkleer_enerji" title="Japonya'da nükleer enerji">nükleer enerjiden</a> ve diğer kaynaklardan üretilmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nükleer enerji, 2010 yılındaki yüzde 11,2'lik orana göre düşüş göstermiştir. Mart 2011'deki <a href="/wiki/Fuku%C5%9Fima_I_N%C3%BCkleer_Santrali_kazalar%C4%B1" title="Fukuşima I Nükleer Santrali kazaları">Fukuşima I Nükleer Santrali kazalarınin</a> ardından devam eden kamuoyu muhalefeti nedeniyle Mayıs 2012 itibarıyla ülkedeki tüm nükleer santraller devre dışı bırakılmıştı, ancak hükûmet yetkilileri kamuoyunu en azından bazılarının hizmete dönmesi lehine yönlendirmeye çalışmaya devam etti.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sendai Nükleer Enerji Santrali, 2015 yılında yeniden faaliyete geçti ve o tarihten bu yana diğer bazı nükleer enerji santralleri de yeniden faaliyete geçti.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya önemli yerel rezervlerden yoksundur ve ithal enerjiye büyük ölçüde bağımlıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu nedenle ülke kaynaklarını çeşitlendirmeyi ve yüksek enerji verimliliği seviyelerini korumayı hedeflemiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Su_ve_sanitasyon">Su ve sanitasyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Su ve sanitasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=22" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Su ve sanitasyon"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Su ve sanitasyon sektörünün sorumluluğu, evsel kullanıma yönelik su temininden sorumlu <a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k,_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_ve_Refah_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Sağlık, Çalışma ve Refah Bakanlığı">Sağlık, Çalışma ve Refah Bakanlığı</a>, su kaynaklarının geliştirilmesinden ve sanitasyondan sorumlu <a href="/wiki/Arazi,_Altyap%C4%B1,_Ula%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_ve_Turizm_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Arazi, Altyapı, Ulaştırma ve Turizm Bakanlığı">Arazi, Altyapı, Ulaştırma ve Turizm Bakanlığı</a>, ortamdaki su kalitesi ve çevrenin korunmasından sorumlu <a href="/wiki/%C3%87evre_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_(Japonya)" title="Çevre Bakanlığı (Japonya)">Çevre Bakanlığı</a> ve kamu hizmetlerinin performans kıyaslamasından sorumlu <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7i%C5%9Fleri_ve_Haberle%C5%9Fme_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İçişleri ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı">İçişleri ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı</a> arasında paylaşılmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> İyileştirilmiş bir su kaynağına erişim Japonya'da evrenseldir. Nüfusun yaklaşık %98'i kamu hizmetlerinden borulu su almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=23" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Demografi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya_demografisi" title="Japonya demografisi">Japonya demografisi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg/220px-%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg/330px-%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg/440px-%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%9A5%E4%BA%BA%E6%AA%80%E4%B8%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Japon bir aile</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'nın nüfusu 2022 yılı itibarı ile yaklaşık 125 milyondur ve bunların yaklaşık 122 milyonu Japon vatandaşıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-November_2020_population_estimate_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_2020_population_estimate-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geriye kalan kısmı ise küçük bir yabancı nüfus oluşturur.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya dünyanın en hızlı yaşlanan ülkelerinden biridir ve toplam nüfusunun üçte birini oluşturan herhangi bir ülkedeki en yüksek yaşlı nüfus oranına sahiptir;<sup id="cite_ref-EUAgeing_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUAgeing-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bu, yaşam beklentisinde bir artış ve <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fum_oran%C4%B1" title="Doğum oranı">doğum oranlarında</a> bir düşüşün izlediği II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası bebek patlamasının bir sonucudur.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Toplam_do%C4%9Furganl%C4%B1k_h%C4%B1z%C4%B1" title="Toplam doğurganlık hızı">toplam doğurganlık hızı</a> 1,4 olup, bu oran 2,1 olan yenilenme oranının altındadır ve <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelerin_do%C4%9Furganl%C4%B1k_oran%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_s%C4%B1ralan%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Ülkelerin doğurganlık oranına göre sıralanışı">dünyanın en düşük oranları arasındadır</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Ortanca_ya%C5%9F" title="Ortanca yaş">ortalama yaşı</a> 48,4 olup dünyadaki en yüksek yaştır.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFAgeing_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFAgeing-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020 itibarıyla nüfusun %28,7'sinden fazlası 65 yaşın üzerindedir; bu da Japon nüfusunun dörtte birinden fazladır.<sup id="cite_ref-EUAgeing_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUAgeing-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artan sayıda genç Japon evlenmediği veya çocuksuz kaldığı için<sup id="cite_ref-Walia_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walia-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'nın nüfusunun 2065 yılına kadar 88 milyon civarına düşmesi beklenmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-EUAgeing_251-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUAgeing-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/220px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/330px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/440px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="3598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a>'nin tepesinden <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> manzarası. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Tokyo" title="Büyük Tokyo">Büyük Tokyo Bölgesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Nüfuslarına göre büyük şehirler listesi">dünyanın en kalabalık metropoliten alanı</a> olarak sıralanmaktadır.</figcaption></figure> <p>Demografik yapıdaki değişiklikler, başta işgücü nüfusunda azalma ve sosyal güvenlik yardımlarının maliyetinde artış olmak üzere çeşitli sosyal sorunlar yaratmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-Walia_255-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walia-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya hükûmeti, 2060 yılına kadar çalışma çağındaki her kişiye neredeyse bir yaşlı kişinin düşeceğini öngörmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFAgeing_254-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFAgeing-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Göç ve doğum teşvikleri bazen ülkenin yaşlanan nüfusunu desteklemek için genç işçiler sağlamak amacıyla bir çözüm olarak önerilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 Nisan 2019'da, belirli sektörlerdeki işgücü açığının azaltılmasına yardımcı olmak amacıyla yabancı işçilerin haklarını koruyan revize edilmiş bir göç yasası yürürlüğe girdi.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya etnik ve kültürel açıdan homojen bir toplumdur<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve <a href="/wiki/Japonlar" title="Japonlar">Japonlar</a> ülke nüfusunun %98,1'ini oluşturur.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülkedeki azınlık etnik gruplar arasında yerli <a href="/wiki/Aynular" title="Aynular">Aynular</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Ryukyulular" title="Ryukyulular">Ryukyulular</a> yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_Koreliler" title="Japonya'daki Koreliler">Zainichi Koreliler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%87inliler" title="Çinliler">Çinliler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Filipinliler" title="Filipinliler">Filipinliler</a><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ile çoğunlukla Japon kökenli olan <a href="/wiki/Brezilya_Japonlar%C4%B1" title="Brezilya Japonları">Brezilyalı</a><sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Perulular</a> da Japonya'nın küçük azınlık grupları arasındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Burakumin" title="Burakumin">Burakumin</a> bir sosyal azınlık grubunu oluştururur.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2022 yılında toplam Japon nüfusunun %92'si şehirlerde yaşıyordu.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Başkent Tokyo'nun nüfusu 2022 yılı itibarı ile 13,9 milyondur<sup id="cite_ref-toukei-metro_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukei-metro-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 2016 yılı itibarı ile 38.140.000 kişiyle <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Nüfuslarına göre büyük şehirler listesi">dünyanın en büyük metropoliten alanı</a> olan <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Tokyo" title="Büyük Tokyo">Büyük Tokyo Bölgesi</a>'nin bir parçasıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_Worlds_Cities_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Worlds_Cities-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="navbox" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini" style="font-size:88%;float: left; margin-left:0.75em"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_en_b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C5%9Fehirleri" title="Şablon:Japonya'nın en büyük şehirleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_en_b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C5%9Fehirleri" title="Şablon tartışma:Japonya'nın en büyük şehirleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_en_b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C5%9Fehirleri&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:120%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a> büyük şehir ve merkezleri</span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/jinsoku/zuhyou/jinsoku.xls">2010 sayımı</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Sıra </th> <th>Şehir ismi </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCkleri" title="Japonya'nın prefektörlükleri">Prefektörlük</a> </th> <th>Nüfus </th> <th>Sıra </th> <th>Şehir ismi </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCkleri" title="Japonya'nın prefektörlükleri">Prefektörlük</a> </th> <th>Nüfus </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_(revised).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tokyo"><img alt="Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg/120px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg/180px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg/240px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1858" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a><br /> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yokohama"><img alt="Yokohama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg/120px-Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg/180px-Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg/240px-Minato_Mirai_In_Blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> </p> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></td> <td align="right">8.949.447</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima" title="Hiroşima">Hiroşima</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Hiroşima (prefektörlük)">Hiroşima</a></td> <td align="right">1.174.209 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Osaka"><img alt="Osaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg/120px-Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg/180px-Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg/240px-Osaka_Umeda_Sky_Building_Panoramablick_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4554" data-file-height="2778" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a><br /> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nagoya"><img alt="Nagoya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg/120px-Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg/180px-Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg/240px-Meieki_from_Heiwa_Park_Aqua_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5900" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa" title="Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a></td> <td align="right">3.689.603</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Miyagi" title="Miyagi">Miyagi</a></td> <td align="right">1.045.903 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Osaka_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Osaka (prefektörlük)">Osaka</a></td> <td align="right">2.666.371</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kitakyu%C5%9Fu" title="Kitakyuşu">Kitakyuşu</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Fukuoka (prefektörlük)">Fukuoka</a></td> <td align="right">977.288 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aichi" title="Aichi">Aichi</a></td> <td align="right">2.263.907</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Chiba" title="Chiba">Chiba</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chiba_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Chiba (prefektörlük)">Chiba</a></td> <td align="right">962.130 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a></td> <td align="right">1.914.434</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sakai" title="Sakai">Sakai</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Osaka_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Osaka (prefektörlük)">Osaka</a></td> <td align="right">842.134 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Hyōgo">Hyōgo</a></td> <td align="right">1.544.873</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Niigata" title="Niigata">Niigata</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Niigata_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Niigata (prefektörlük)">Niigata</a></td> <td align="right">812.192 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Kyoto (prefektörlük)">Kyoto</a></td> <td align="right">1.474.473</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eizuoka_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Şizuoka (prefektörlük)">Şizuoka</a></td> <td align="right">800.912 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Fukuoka (prefektörlük)">Fukuoka</a></td> <td align="right">1.463.826</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto" title="Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Kumamoto (prefektörlük)">Kumamoto</a></td> <td align="right">734.294 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa" title="Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a></td> <td align="right">1.425.678</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sagamihara" title="Sagamihara">Sagamihara</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa" title="Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a></td> <td align="right">717.561 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Saitama" title="Saitama">Saitama</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saitama_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Saitama (prefektörlük)">Saitama</a></td> <td align="right">1.222.910</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eizuoka" title="Şizuoka">Şizuoka</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eizuoka_(prefekt%C3%B6rl%C3%BCk)" title="Şizuoka (prefektörlük)">Şizuoka</a></td> <td align="right">716.328 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Din">Din</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=24" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Din"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_din" title="Japonya'da din">Japonya'da din</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg/220px-Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg/330px-Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg/440px-Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hiro%C5%9Fima" title="Hiroşima">Hiroşima</a> yakınlarındaki <a href="/wiki/Itsuku%C5%9Fima_Tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Itsukuşima Tapınağı">Itsukuşima Tapınağı</a> <a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">Torii Kapısı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_%C3%9C%C3%A7_Manzaras%C4%B1" title="Japonya'nın Üç Manzarası">Japonya'nın Üç Manzarası</a> ve <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miras%C4%B1" title="Dünya Mirası">UNESCO Dünya Mirası</a>'ndan biridir.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya Anayasası tam dini özgürlüğü garanti etmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-Inoue2007_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inoue2007-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Üst tahminler, Japon nüfusunun %84-96'sının yerli din olarak <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Einto" title="Şinto">Şintoyu</a> kabul ettiğini gösteriyor.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancak bu tahminler, gerçek inananların sayısından ziyade, bir tapınağa bağlı olan kişilere dayanmaktadır. Pek çok Japon hem Şinto hem de <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_Budizm" title="Japonya'da Budizm">Budizme</a> inanmaktadır; ya her iki din ile de özdeşleşebilirler ya da kendilerini dindar olmayan ya da maneviyatçı olarak tanımlayabilmektedirler.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kültürel bir gelenek olarak dini törenlere katılım düzeyi, özellikle <a href="/wiki/Japon_festivalleri" title="Japon festivalleri">festivaller</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_Yeni_Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1" title="Japon Yeni Yılı">yeni yılın</a> <a href="/wiki/Hatsum%C5%8Dde" title="Hatsumōde">ilk türbe ziyareti</a> gibi etkinlikler sırasında yüksek olmaya devam ediyor.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Çin'deki <a href="/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm">Taoizm</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Konf%C3%BC%C3%A7y%C3%BCs%C3%A7%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Konfüçyüsçülük">Konfüçyüsçülük</a> de Japon inanç ve geleneklerini etkilemiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-Totman_2005_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Totman_2005-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_Hristiyanl%C4%B1k" title="Japonya'da Hristiyanlık">Hristiyanlık</a> Japonya'ya ilk kez 1549'dan itibaren Cizvit misyonerleri tarafından getirildi. Günümüzde nüfusun %1<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ila %1,5'i Hristiyandır.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Son yüzyıl boyunca, başlangıçta Hristiyanlıkla ilgili olan Batı gelenekleri (Batı tarzı düğünler, <a href="/wiki/Sevgililer_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Sevgililer Günü">Sevgililer Günü</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Noel" title="Noel">Noel</a> dâhil), birçok Japon arasında seküler gelenekler olarak popüler hale geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2016 yılı itibarıyla <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_%C4%B0slam" title="Japonya'da İslam">Japonya'daki Müslümanların</a> yaklaşık %90'ı göçmenlerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2018 yılı itibarıyla Japonya'da tahminen 105 <a href="/wiki/Cami" title="Cami">cami</a> ve 200.000 Müslüman bulunmaktaydı; bunların 43.000'i Japon vatandaşıydı.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diğer azınlık dinleri arasında <a href="/wiki/Hinduizm" title="Hinduizm">Hinduizm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_Yahudilerin_tarihi" title="Japonya'daki Yahudilerin tarihi">Yahudilik</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A2%C3%AElik" title="Bahâîlik">Bahâîlerin</a> yanı sıra Aynuların <a href="/wiki/Animizm" title="Animizm">animist</a> inançları yer alır.<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diller">Diller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Diller" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=25" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Diller"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_konu%C5%9Fulan_diller" title="Japonya'da konuşulan diller">Japonya'da konuşulan diller</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_(5023366778).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg/220px-%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg/330px-%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg/440px-%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Bir <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81men" title="Rāmen">ramen</a> restoranında <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></i> ve <i><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a></i> yazılar.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca">Japonca</a>, Japonya'nın fiilen ulusal ve ülkedeki çoğu insanın da ana dilidir.<sup id="cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japon_yaz%C4%B1_sistemi" title="Japon yazı sistemi">Japon yazı sistemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%87in_karakterleri" title="Çin karakterleri">Çin karakterleri</a>) ve iki grup <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1_(Do%C4%9Fu_Asya)" title="El yazısı (Doğu Asya)">el yazısı</a> ve kanji tarafından kullanılan <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6k_(%C3%87in_karakterleri)" title="Kök (Çin karakterleri)">köklere</a> dayalı <a href="/wiki/Hece_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Hece yazısı">hece yazısı</a>) ile <a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji" title="Rōmaji">latin alfabesi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Arap_rakamlar%C4%B1" title="Arap rakamları">Arap rakamlarını</a> kullanır.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce">İngilizce</a>, Japonya'da çalışma dili ve uluslararası iletişim dili olarak önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İngilizcenin eğitim sistemindeki yaygınlığı arttı ve 2020 yılına kadar Japon eğitim sisteminin tüm seviyelerinde İngilizce dersleri zorunlu hale geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0%C5%9Faret_Dili" title="Japon İşaret Dili">Japon İşaret Dili</a>, Japonya'da kullanılan birincil <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Faret_dili" title="İşaret dili">işaret dilidir</a> ve resmî olarak kabul gördü, ancak kullanımı tarihsel olarak ayrımcı politikalar ve eğitim desteği eksikliği nedeniyle engellenmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryukyu Adaları'nda Japoncanın yanı sıra <a href="/wiki/Japon_dilleri" title="Japon dilleri">Japon dil ailesinden</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_dilleri" title="Ryukyu dilleri">Ryukyu dilleri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amami_dilleri" title="Amami dilleri">Amami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunigamice" title="Kunigamice">Kunigamice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawaca" title="Okinawaca">Okinawaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miyakoca" title="Miyakoca">Miyakoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaeyamaca" title="Yaeyamaca">Yaeyamaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yonagunice" title="Yonagunice">Yonagunice</a>) konuşulmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Günümüzde çok az çocuk bu dilleri öğrenmektedir<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ancak yerel yönetimler geleneksel dillere ilişkin farkındalığı artırmaya çalışmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hokkaidō'da konuşulan <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zole_dil" title="İzole dil">izole bir dil</a> olan <a href="/wiki/Aynuca" title="Aynuca">Aynuca</a> <a href="/wiki/Tehlike_alt%C4%B1ndaki_dil" title="Tehlike altındaki dil">tehlike altında bir dildir</a> ve günümüzde anadil olarak konuşanların sayısı beşten az olduğu tahmin edilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buna ek olarak, etnik azınlıklar, göçmen toplulukları ve <a href="/wiki/Korece" title="Korece">Korece</a> (farklı bir Zainichi Kore lehçesi dahil), <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ince" title="Çince">Çince</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Portekizce" title="Portekizce">Portekizce</a> gibi giderek artan sayıda yabancı dil öğrencisi tarafından başka diller de öğretilmekte ve kullanılmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eğitim"><span id="E.C4.9Fitim"></span>Eğitim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Eğitim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=26" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Eğitim"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_e%C4%9Fitim" title="Japonya'da eğitim">Japonya'da eğitim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG/220px-Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG/330px-Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG/440px-Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Tokyo Üniversitesi">Tokyo Üniversitesi</a>'ne giriş sınavlarının sonuçlarının açıklanmasının ardından kutlama yapan öğrenciler.</figcaption></figure> <p>1947 Temel Eğitim Yasası'ndan bu yana, Japonya'da zorunlu eğitim, birlikte dokuz yıl süren <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lkokul" title="İlkokul">ilkokul</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Ortaokul" title="Ortaokul">ortaokuldan</a> oluşur.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hemen hemen tüm çocuklar eğitimlerine üç yıllık bir <a href="/wiki/Lise" title="Lise">lisede</a> devam etmektedirler.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'daki en iyi iki üniversite, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Tokyo Üniversitesi">Tokyo Üniversitesi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Kyoto Üniversitesi">Kyoto Üniversitesi</a>'dir.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nisan 2016'dan itibaren, çeşitli okullar, dokuz yıllık zorunlu eğitim programına entegre edilen ilkokul ve ortaokul ile akademik yıla başladı; <a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Fitim,_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr,_Spor,_Bilim_ve_Teknoloji_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Eğitim, Kültür, Spor, Bilim ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı">MEXT</a>, bu yaklaşımın ülke çapında benimsenmesini planlamaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OECD tarafından koordine edilen <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_%C3%96%C4%9Frenci_De%C4%9Ferlendirme_Program%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Öğrenci Değerlendirme Programı">Uluslararası Öğrenci Değerlendirme Programı</a> (PISA), 15 yaşındaki Japonların bilgi ve becerilerini dünyanın en iyi üçüncü sıralamasında sıralamaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_Student_performance_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_Student_performance-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, ortalama 520 öğrenci puanıyla okuryazarlık, matematik ve fen bilimleri okumada en iyi performansı gösteren OECD ülkelerinden biridir ve OECD ülkeleri arasında dünyanın en yüksek eğitimli iş güçlerinden birine sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_Student_performance_293-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_Student_performance-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2018 itibarıyla toplam GSYİH'sının yaklaşık %3,1'ini eğitime harcamış olup<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bu rakam OECD ortalaması olan %4,9'un altında kalmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021'de ülke, 25-64 yaş aralığındakilerin yükseköğretime ulaşmış kişilerin yüzdesi açısından %55,6 ile üçüncü sırada yer aldı.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_GPS_Education_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_GPS_Education-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25 ila 34 yaşları arasındaki Japonların yaklaşık %65'i bir tür yükseköğretim yeterliliğine sahipken, 25 ila 64 yaşları arasındaki Japonların %34,2'si lisans derecesine sahiptir, bu da OECD'de Güney Kore'den sonra ikinci sıradadır.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_GPS_Education_298-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_GPS_Education-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon kadınların %59'unun üniversite diplomasına sahip olması ve Japon erkeklerin %52'sinin üniversite diplomasına sahip olması nedeniyle, Japon kadınları erkek meslektaşlarına kıyasla daha yüksek eğitimlidir.<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sağlık"><span id="Sa.C4.9Fl.C4.B1k"></span>Sağlık</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Sağlık" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=27" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Sağlık"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg/220px-Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg/330px-Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg/440px-Close_view_of_Fujita_Health_University_Hospital_Entrance_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Fujita Üniversite Hastanesi, Japonya'daki en büyük çok uzmanlıklı eğitim hastanesidir.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'da sağlık bakımı ulusal ve yerel yönetimler tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Kişisel tıbbi hizmetler için ödeme, bir hükûmet komitesi tarafından belirlenen ücretlerle, göreceli erişim eşitliği sağlayan evrensel bir sağlık sigortası sistemi aracılığıyla yapılır. İşverenler aracılığıyla sigortası olmayan kişiler, yerel yönetimler tarafından idare edilen ulusal sağlık sigortası programına katılabilir.<sup id="cite_ref-Ikegami2014_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ikegami2014-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1973'ten beri, tüm yaşlı insanlar devlet destekli sigorta kapsamındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya 2020'de toplam GSYİH'sının %10,9'unu sağlık hizmetlerine harcadı.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020 yılında Japonya'da beklenen yaşam süresi 84,62 yıl (erkekler için 81,64 yıl ve kadınlar için 87,74 yıl) ile <a href="/wiki/Beklenen_ya%C5%9Fam_s%C3%BCresine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Beklenen yaşam süresine göre ülkeler listesi">dünyadaki en yüksek rakam</a> iken;<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bebek_%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC" title="Bebek ölümü">bebek ölüm oranı</a> ise çok düşük bir seviyededir (1000 canlı doğumda 2).<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1981'den bu yana Japonya'daki başlıca ölüm nedeni, 2018'deki toplam ölümlerin %27'sini oluşturan <a href="/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser">kanserken</a>, bunu ölümlerin %15'ine yol açan <a href="/wiki/Kardiyovask%C3%BCler_hastal%C4%B1klar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar">kardiyovasküler hastalıklar</a> izlemektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, önemli bir sosyal sorun olarak kabul edilen, dünyanın en yüksek <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_intihar" title="Japonya'da intihar">intihar</a> oranlarından birine sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bir diğer önemli halk sağlığı sorunu da Japon erkekleri arasında <a href="/wiki/Sigara" title="Sigara">sigara</a> içme alışkanlığıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancak Japonya, OECD'de en düşük kalp hastalığı oranına ve gelişmiş ülkeler arasında en düşük <a href="/wiki/Demans" title="Demans">demans</a> oranına sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kültür"><span id="K.C3.BClt.C3.BCr"></span>Kültür</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kültür" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=28" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kültür"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japon_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Japon kültürü">Japon kültürü</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG/220px-Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG/330px-Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG/440px-Lake_Kawaguchiko_Sakura_Mount_Fuji_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Japonya'nın ulusal simgeleri <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Fuji Dağı">Fuji Dağı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Kiraz_%C3%A7i%C3%A7e%C4%9Fi" title="Kiraz çiçeği">kiraz çiçeği</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tsunagujapan_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsunagujapan-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Çağdaş Japon kültürü Asya, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika'dan gelen etkileri birleştirir.<sup id="cite_ref-Haffner_309-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haffner-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geleneksel Japon sanatları arasında <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%A7%C3%B6mlek%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi_ve_porselenleri" title="Japon çömlekçiliği ve porselenleri">seramik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">tekstil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_lakesi" title="Japon lakesi">lake eşya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_k%C4%B1l%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Japon kılıcı">kılıç</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_oyuncak_bebekleri" title="Japon oyuncak bebekleri">oyuncak bebek</a> gibi el sanatları; <a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">bunraku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a>, dans ve <a href="/wiki/Rakugo" title="Rakugo">rakugo</a> sahne gösterileri; <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%A7ay_seremonisi" title="Japon çay seremonisi">çay seremonisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kebana" title="İkebana">ikebana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_d%C3%B6v%C3%BC%C5%9F_sanatlar%C4%B1" title="Japon dövüş sanatları">dövüş sanatları</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon_kaligrafisi" title="Japon kaligrafisi">kaligrafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">origami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">onsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gey%C5%9Fa" title="Geyşa">Geyşa</a> ve oyunlar gibi diğer sanatlar bulunmaktadır. Japonya, hem somut hem de somut olmayan kültürel varlıkların ve <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Hazine_(Japonya)" title="Ulusal Hazine (Japonya)">Ulusal Hazinelerlerin</a> korunması ve tanıtılmasına yönelik gelişmiş bir sisteme sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miras%C4%B1_listesi" title="Dünya Mirası listesi">Dünya Mirası Listesi</a>'ne <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_D%C3%BCnya_Miraslar%C4%B1" title="Japonya'daki Dünya Mirasları">18'i kültürel öneme sahip 22 alan</a> konulmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco1_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco1-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, günümüzde <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7_(uluslararas%C4%B1_ili%C5%9Fkiler)" title="Güç (uluslararası ilişkiler)">kültürel bir süper güç</a> olarak kabul edilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanat_ve_mimarlık"><span id="Sanat_ve_mimarl.C4.B1k"></span>Sanat ve mimarlık</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Sanat ve mimarlık" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=29" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Sanat ve mimarlık"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Japon_sanat%C4%B1" title="Japon sanatı">Japon sanatı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_mimarisi" title="Japon mimarisi">Japon mimarisi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33502344/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:boyut;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:166px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/164px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/246px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/328px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="2990" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>'nin 19. yüzyılı <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> <a href="/wiki/Ah%C5%9Fap_bask%C4%B1" title="Ahşap baskı">ahşap baskısı</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Oki_Nami_Ura" title="Kanagawa Oki Nami Ura">Kanagawa Oki Nami Ura</a></i>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:boyut;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg/170px-150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg/255px-150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg/340px-150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Japonya'nın en ünlü gezinti bahçelerinden biri olan <a href="/wiki/Ritsurin_Bah%C3%A7esi" title="Ritsurin Bahçesi">Ritsurin Bahçesi</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Japon_ressaml%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Japon ressamlığı">Japon resminin</a> tarihi, <a href="/wiki/Japon_esteti%C4%9Fi" title="Japon estetiği">Japon estetiği</a> ile ülke dışından gelen fikirler arasında sentez ve rekabetten meydana gelmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon ve Avrupa sanatı arasındaki etkileşim önem arz etmekteydi: örneğin, 19. yüzyılda ihraç edilmeye başlanan <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> baskılar, <a href="/wiki/Japonizm" title="Japonizm">Japonizm</a> olarak bilinen hareket, Batı'da modern sanatın gelişiminde özellikle de <a href="/wiki/Ard-%C4%B0zlenimcilik" title="Ard-İzlenimcilik">Ard-İzlenimcilik</a> üzerinde önemli etki yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_315-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japon mimarisi yerel ve dışarıdan gelen etkilerin birleşiminden meydana gelmektedir. Geleneksel olarak, zeminden hafifçe yükseltilmiş, kiremitli veya sazdan çatılı ahşap veya çamur sıva yapıları ile karakterize edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ise_Tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Ise Tapınağı">Ise Mabedi</a>, Japon mimarisinin asıl örneği olarak kabul edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minka" title="Minka">Geleneksel evler</a> ve birçok <a href="/wiki/Japon_Budist_mimarisi" title="Japon Budist mimarisi">tapınak binalarında</a>, odalarla iç ve dış mekan arasındaki farkı yok eden <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a> hasır ve <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji" title="Shōji">sürgülü kapıların</a> kullanımını görülür.<sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19. yüzyıldan beri Japonya, Batı <a href="/wiki/Modern_mimarl%C4%B1k" title="Modern mimarlık">modern mimarisinin</a> çoğunu kendi inşaat ve tasarımında kullanmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon mimarlar, önce <a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Tange" title="Kenzō Tange">Kenzō Tange</a> gibi mimarların çalışmaları ve ardından <a href="/wiki/Metabolizma_(mimarl%C4%B1k)" title="Metabolizma (mimarlık)">Metabolizma</a> gibi hareketlerle uluslararası sahnede bir etki yarattılar.<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edebiyat_ve_felsefe">Edebiyat ve felsefe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Edebiyat ve felsefe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=30" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Edebiyat ve felsefe"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Japon_edebiyat%C4%B1" title="Japon edebiyatı">Japon edebiyatı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_felsefesi" title="Japon felsefesi">Japon felsefesi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/220px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/330px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/440px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Hazine_(Japonya)" title="Ulusal Hazine (Japonya)">Ulusal Hazine</a> olan <i><a href="/wiki/Genji%27nin_Hik%C3%A2yesi" title="Genji'nin Hikâyesi">Genji'nin Hikayesi</a></i> eserinin 12. yüzyıldan kalma resimli el kaydırması.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japon edebiyatının en eski eserleri arasında tamamı 8. yüzyıldan kalma ve Çince karakterlerle yazılmış <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> ve <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i> kronikleri ve <i><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">Man'yōshū</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C5%9Fiiri" title="Japon şiiri">şiir</a> <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A7ki" title="Seçki">antolojisi</a> yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erken Heian döneminde kana (<a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>) olarak bilinen <a href="/wiki/Fonogram" title="Fonogram">fonogram</a> sistemi geliştirildi.<sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Bambu_Kesicisinin_Hikayesi" title="Bambu Kesicisinin Hikayesi">Bambu Kesicisinin Hikayesi</a></i>, günümüze ulaşan en eski Japon anlatısı olarak kabul edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sei_%C5%9Eonagon" title="Sei Şonagon">Sei Şonagon</a>'un <i><a href="/wiki/Yast%C4%B1k_Kitab%C4%B1" title="Yastık Kitabı">Yastık Kitabı</a></i> eserinde saray hayatı anlatılırken, <a href="/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu" title="Murasaki Shikibu">Murasaki Shikibu</a>'nun <i><a href="/wiki/Genji%27nin_Hik%C3%A2yesi" title="Genji'nin Hikâyesi">Genji'nin Hikâyesi</a></i> genellikle dünyanın ilk romanı olarak tanımlanır.<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edo Dönemi'nde <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dnin" title="Chōnin">chōnin</a> ("kasaba halkı"), edebiyatın üreticileri ve tüketicileri olarak samuray aristokrasisini geride bıraktı. Örneğin <a href="/wiki/Ihara_Saikaku" title="Ihara Saikaku">Saikaku</a>'nun eserlerinin popülaritesi okuyucu ve yazarlıktaki bu değişimi ortaya koyarken <a href="/wiki/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D" title="Matsuo Bashō">Bashō</a> haikai (<a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a>) ile <a href="/wiki/Kokin_Wakash%C5%AB" title="Kokin Wakashū">Kokinshū</a>'nun şiirsel geleneğini yeniden canlandırdı ve <i><a href="/wiki/Oku_no_Hosomichi" title="Oku no Hosomichi">Oku no Hosomichi</a></i> adında şiirsel seyahat günlüğünü yazdı.<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meiji Dönemi, Japon edebiyatının Batı etkileriyle bütünleşmesiyle geleneksel edebi biçimlerin düşüşünü gördü. <a href="/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki" title="Natsume Sōseki">Natsume Sōseki</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Mori_%C5%8Cgai" title="Mori Ōgai">Mori Ōgai</a>, 20. yüzyılın başlarında önemli romancılardı; bunları <a href="/wiki/Ryunosuke_Akutagava" title="Ryunosuke Akutagava">Ryunosuke Akutagava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuni%C3%A7iro_Tanizaki" title="Cuniçiro Tanizaki">Cuniçiro Tanizaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaf%C5%AB_Nagai" title="Kafū Nagai">Kafū Nagai</a> ve daha yakın zamanda <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a> ve Kenji Nakagami izledi. Japonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kavabata" title="Yasunari Kavabata">Yasunari Kavabata</a> (1968) ve <a href="/wiki/Kenzaburo_Oe" title="Kenzaburo Oe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (1994) olmak üzere iki <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel ödüllü</a> yazarı bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-328" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japon felsefesi tarihsel olarak hem yabancı, özellikle <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in_felsefesi" title="Çin felsefesi">Çin</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_felsefesi" title="Batı felsefesi">Batılı</a> unsurların hem de benzersiz Japon unsurlarının bir birleşimi olmuştur. Edebi biçimleriyle Japon felsefesi yaklaşık on dört yüzyıl önce başladı. Konfüçyüsçü idealler, Japonların toplum ve benlik kavramında, hükûmetin örgütlenmesinde ve toplumun yapısında belirgindir.<sup id="cite_ref-Japanese_Confucian_Philosophy_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japanese_Confucian_Philosophy-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Budizm, Japon psikolojisini, metafiziğini ve estetiğini derinden etkilemiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Müzik_ve_tiyatro"><span id="M.C3.BCzik_ve_tiyatro"></span>Müzik ve tiyatro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Müzik ve tiyatro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=31" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Müzik ve tiyatro"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Japon_m%C3%BCzi%C4%9Fi" title="Japon müziği">Japon müziği</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_tiyatrosu" title="Japon tiyatrosu">Japon tiyatrosu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg/220px-%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg/330px-%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg/440px-%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Einto_tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Şinto tapınağı">Şinto tapınağında</a> bir <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a> performansı</figcaption></figure> <p>Japon müziği eklektik ve çeşitlidir. <a href="/wiki/Koto_(enstr%C3%BCman)" title="Koto (enstrüman)">Koto</a> gibi birçok enstrüman 9. ve 10. yüzyıllarda tanıtıldı. Gitar benzeri <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eamisen" title="Şamisen">şamisen</a> ile çalınan popüler <a href="/wiki/Halk_m%C3%BCzi%C4%9Fi" title="Halk müziği">halk müziği</a> 16. yüzyıldan kalmadır.<sup id="cite_ref-331" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19. yüzyılın sonlarında tanıtılan klasik Batı müziği, Japon kültürünün ayrılmaz bir parçasını oluşturur.<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taiko" title="Taiko">Kumi-daiko</a> (toplu davul çalma) savaş sonrası Japonya'da ortaya çıktı ve Kuzey Amerika'da oldukça popüler haline geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savaş sonrası Japonya'daki <a href="/wiki/Pop%C3%BCler_m%C3%BCzik" title="Popüler müzik">popüler müzik</a>, Amerikan ve Avrupa trendlerinden büyük ölçüde etkilendi ve <a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/J-Rock" title="J-Rock">J-Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">visual kei</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_m%C3%BCzik" title="Hip hop müzik">hip hop</a> gibi diğer kentsel müzik tarzları giderek daha popüler hale geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">Karaoke</a> ise önemli bir kültürel aktivitedir.<sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya'nın dört geleneksel tiyatrosu <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">kyōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">bunrakudur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tatiller_ve_festivaller">Tatiller ve festivaller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tatiller ve festivaller" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=32" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tatiller ve festivaller"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_resm%C3%AE_tatiller" title="Japonya'daki resmî tatiller">Japonya'daki resmî tatiller</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_festivalleri" title="Japon festivalleri">Japon festivalleri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Funehoko_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Funehoko_001.jpg/220px-Funehoko_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Funehoko_001.jpg/330px-Funehoko_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Funehoko_001.jpg/440px-Funehoko_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>'da düzenlenen <a href="/wiki/Gion_Festivali" title="Gion Festivali">Gion Festivali</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Resmî olarak Japonya'da hükûmet tarafından tanınan 16 ulusal tatil bulunmaktadır. Japonya'daki resmî tatiller, 1948 tarihli Resmî Tatil Yasası ile düzenlenmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2000 yılından başlayarak Japonya, uzun bir hafta sonu elde etmek için bir dizi ulusal tatili Pazartesi gününe taşıyan Mutlu Pazartesi Sistemi'ni uygulamaya koydu.<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya'daki ulusal bayramlar, 1 Ocak <a href="/wiki/Japon_Yeni_Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1" title="Japon Yeni Yılı">Yeni Yıl Günü</a>, Ocak ayının ikinci Pazartesi günü <a href="/wiki/Yeti%C5%9Fkinler_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Yetişkinler Günü">Yetişkinler Günü</a>, 11 Şubat <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Kurulu%C5%9F_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Ulusal Kuruluş Günü">Ulusal Kuruluş Günü</a>, 23 Şubat <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mparatorun_Do%C4%9Fum_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="İmparatorun Doğum Günü">İmparatorun Doğum Günü</a>, 20 veya 21 Mart ilkbahara gündönümü, 29 Nisan <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eova_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Şova Günü">Şova Günü</a>, 3 Mayıs <a href="/wiki/Anayasa_Anma_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Anayasa Anma Günü">Anayasa Anma Günü</a>, 4 Mayıs <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fillik_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Yeşillik Günü">Yeşillik Günü</a>, 5 Mayıs <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ocuk_Bayram%C4%B1_(Japonya)" title="Çocuk Bayramı (Japonya)">Çocuk Bayramı</a>, Temmuz ayının üçüncü Pazartesi günü <a href="/wiki/Deniz_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Deniz Günü">Deniz Günü</a>, 11 Ağustos <a href="/wiki/Da%C4%9F_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Dağ Günü">Dağ Günü</a>, Eylül ayının üçüncü Pazartesi günü <a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1lara_Sayg%C4%B1_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Yaşlılara Saygı Günü">Yaşlılara Saygı Günü</a>, 23 veya 24 Eylül sonbahar gündönümü, Ekim ayının ikinci Pazartesi günü <a href="/wiki/Spor_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Spor Günü">Spor Günü</a>, 3 Kasım <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Kültür Günü">Kültür Günü</a> ve 23 Kasım İşçi Şükran Günü'dür.<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Matsuri olarak adlandırılan ve yıl içerisinde çeşitli zamanlarda kutlanan festivallerin çoğu uzun bir geçmişten günümüze kadar gelmektedir. Bu kutlamaların çoğu Çin ve Budist kökenlidir fakat bu kutlamalar dini tören havasında yapılmamaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunların dışında Mart ile Nisan ayları arasında <a href="/wiki/Hanami" title="Hanami">Hanami</a>, Mayıs ayında birçok resmî tatili kapsayan <a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n_Hafta" title="Altın Hafta">Altın Hafta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temmuz'un 13 ile 15 arası veya bazen Ağustos ayında yapılan <a href="/wiki/Bon_Festivali" title="Bon Festivali">Bon Festivali</a> ve Eylül ayı ortalarında düzenlenen <a href="/wiki/Tsukimi" title="Tsukimi">Tsukimi</a> gibi özel günler ve festivaller bulunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mutfak">Mutfak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Mutfak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=33" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Mutfak"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japon_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Japon mutfağı">Japon mutfağı</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:East_West_sushi_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/220px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/330px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/440px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6798" data-file-height="4492" /></a><figcaption>Bir tabak <i>nigiri-zushi</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Japon mutfağı, geleneksel tarifler ve yerel malzemeler kullanan çok çeşitli bölgesel spesiyaliteler sunmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deniz ürünleri ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_pirinci" title="Japon pirinci">Japon pirinci</a> veya <a href="/wiki/Japon_eri%C5%9Ftesi" title="Japon eriştesi">erişte</a> geleneksel temel yiyeceklerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japon_k%C3%B6risi" title="Japon körisi">Japon körisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britanya_Hindistan%C4%B1" title="Britanya Hindistanı">Britanya Hindistanı</a>'ndan Japonya'ya girişinden bu yana oldukça yaygın tüketilmesinden dolayı <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81men" title="Rāmen">rāmen</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Su%C5%9Fi" title="Suşi">suşi</a> ile birlikte <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_yemek" title="Ulusal yemek">ulusal yemek</a> olarak adlandırılmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geleneksel Japon tatlıları <a href="/wiki/Wagashi" title="Wagashi">wagashi</a> olarak bilinir.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein2015_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein2015-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1_fasulye_ezmesi" title="Kırmızı fasulye ezmesi">Kırmızı fasulye ezmesi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">mochi</a> gibi malzemeler kullanılır. <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_%C3%A7ayl%C4%B1_dondurma" title="Yeşil çaylı dondurma">Yeşil çaylı dondurma</a> modern zaman tatları arasındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-FujitaStallings2008_348-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FujitaStallings2008-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genellikle %14-17 alkol içeren ve pirincin birden fazla fermantasyonu ile yapılan demlenmiş pirinç içeceği <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a> popüler Japon içeceklerindendir.<sup id="cite_ref-Batt2014_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batt2014-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bira" title="Bira">Bira</a>, 17. yüzyılın sonlarından beri Japonya'da üretilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-BoultonQuain2013_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoultonQuain2013-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_%C3%A7ay" title="Yeşil çay">Yeşil çay</a> Japonya'da üretilir ve <a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%A7ay_seremonisi" title="Japon çay seremonisi">Japon çay seremonisinde</a> kullanılan <a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">matcha</a> gibi şekillerde hazırlanır.<sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michelin_Rehberi" title="Michelin Rehberi">Michelin Rehberi</a>'ne göre Japonya, dünyanın geri kalanından daha fazla Michelin yıldızlı restorana ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-michelin20101124_352-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-michelin20101124-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medya">Medya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Medya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=34" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Medya"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_medya" title="Japonya'da medya">Japonya'da medya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya_sinemas%C4%B1" title="Japonya sineması">Japonya sineması</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">Manga (çizgi roman)</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto,_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto%2C_Japan.jpg/220px-008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto%2C_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto%2C_Japan.jpg/330px-008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto%2C_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto%2C_Japan.jpg/440px-008_Anime_and_manga_bookshop_in_Japan_-_bookstore_in_Kyoto%2C_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>'da bir <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">manga</a> dükkânı.</figcaption></figure> <p>Japonya'da televizyon izlemeyle ilgili 2015 <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a> anketine göre, Japonların %79'u her gün televizyon izlemektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-353"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J-drama" title="J-drama">Japon televizyon dizileri</a> hem Japonya'da hem de uluslararası alanda izlenmektedir;<sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> diğer popüler şovlar varyete şovları, komedi ve haber programları türlerindedir.<sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Doraemon" title="Doraemon">Doraemon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Ball" title="Dragon Ball">Dragon Ball</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/One_Piece" title="One Piece">One Piece</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Naruto_(manga)" title="Naruto (manga)">Naruto</a></i> ve <i><a href="/wiki/Kirpi_Sonic_(video_oyunu_serisi)" title="Kirpi Sonic (video oyunu serisi)">Sonic</a></i> gibi birçok Japon <a href="/wiki/Seri_(medya)" title="Seri (medya)">medya imtiyazı</a> küresel çapta önemli bir popülerlik kazandı ve dünyanın en yüksek hasılat yapan medya imtiyazları arasında yer almaktadır. Japon gazeteleri 2016 yılı itibarıyla dünyada en çok tirajı olan gazeteler arasındadır.<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-356"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, dünyadaki en eski ve en büyük film endüstrilerinden birine sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-357" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-357"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ishiro_Honda" title="Ishiro Honda">Ishiro Honda</a>'nın <i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(film,_1954)" title="Godzilla (film, 1954)">Godzilla</a></i> filmi Japonya'nın uluslararası bir simgesi haline geldi ve <a href="/wiki/Kaij%C5%AB" title="Kaijū">kaijū</a> filmlerinin tüm bir alt türünün yanı sıra tarihteki en uzun soluklu film serisini ortaya çıkardı.<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-359"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">Manga</a> olarak bilinen Japon çizgi romanları 20. yüzyılın ortalarında gelişti ve dünya çapında popüler hale geldi. Çok sayıda manga serisi, <a href="/wiki/Amerikan_%C3%A7izgi_roman%C4%B1" title="Amerikan çizgi romanı">Amerikan çizgi roman endüstrisine</a> rakip olarak tüm zamanların en çok satan çizgi roman serilerinden biri haline geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-360"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> olarak bilinen Japon animasyon filmleri ve televizyon dizileri, büyük ölçüde Japon mangasından etkilenmiş ve uluslararası alanda oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-361"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spor">Spor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Spor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=35" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Spor"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_spor" title="Japonya'da spor">Japonya'da spor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Sumo_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sumo_ceremony.jpg/220px-Sumo_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sumo_ceremony.jpg/330px-Sumo_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sumo_ceremony.jpg/440px-Sumo_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a> töreni</figcaption></figure> <p>Geleneksel olarak, <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> Japonya'nın millî sporu olarak kabul edilir.<sup id="cite_ref-363" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">kendo</a> gibi <a href="/wiki/Japon_d%C3%B6v%C3%BC%C5%9F_sanatlar%C4%B1" title="Japon dövüş sanatları">Japon dövüş sanatları</a> ülkede izleyiciler yaygın olarak uygulanmakta ve tercih edilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-364" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-364"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meiji Restorasyonu'ndan sonra, bazı Batılı sporlar Japonya'ya geldi ve eğitim sistemi aracılığıyla yayılmaya başladı.<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülkedeki en popüler spor olan <a href="/wiki/Beyzbol" title="Beyzbol">beyzbolun</a><sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>364<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ülkedeki en eski ve en çok izlenilen profesyonel ligi olan <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> (NPB) 1936'da kurulmuştu.<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>365<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1992 yılında profesyonel <a href="/wiki/J1_League" title="J1 League">J1 League</a>'nin kuruluşundan bu yana <a href="/wiki/Futbol" title="Futbol">futbol</a> da geniş bir taraftar kitlesi kazandı.<sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>366<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, <a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_D%C3%BCnya_Kupas%C4%B1" title="2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası">2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası</a>'na Güney Kore ile birlikte ev sahipliği yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-369" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>367<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, dört kez <a href="/wiki/AFC_Asya_Kupas%C4%B1" title="AFC Asya Kupası">Asya Kupası</a>'nı<sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>368<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 2011'de <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Kad%C4%B1nlar_D%C3%BCnya_Kupas%C4%B1" title="FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Kupası">FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Kupası</a>'nı kazanarak Asya'nın en başarılı futbol takımlarından biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>369<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a>, Japonya'da da popüler sporlardan biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>370<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-373"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>371<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_(29308028622).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_%2829308028622%29.jpg/220px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_%2829308028622%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_%2829308028622%29.jpg/330px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_%2829308028622%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_%2829308028622%29.jpg/440px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_2016_%2829308028622%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Dome" title="Tokyo Dome">Tokyo Dome</a>'da <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> ligi maçı.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Motor_sporlar%C4%B1" title="Motor sporları">Motor sporlarında</a> Japon otomobil üreticileri, <a href="/wiki/Formula_1" title="Formula 1">Formula 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/MotoGP" title="MotoGP">MotoGP</a> ve <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Ralli_%C5%9Eampiyonas%C4%B1" title="Dünya Ralli Şampiyonası">Dünya Ralli Şampiyonası</a> gibi serilerdeki şampiyonluklar ve zaferlerle birçok farklı kategoride başarılar elde etti.<sup id="cite_ref-374" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-374"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>372<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-375" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>373<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>374<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japon sürücüler <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_24_Saat" title="Le Mans 24 Saat">Le Mans 24 Saat</a> yarışlarında zaferler elde etmenin ve yerel şampiyonalardaki başarılarının yanı sıra Formula 1'de podyumda yer almaktadırlar.<sup id="cite_ref-377" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-377"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>375<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-378"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>376<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Super_GT" title="Super GT">Super GT</a>, Japonya'daki en popüler ulusal yarış serisi iken <a href="/wiki/Super_Formula" title="Super Formula">Super Formula</a> ise üst düzey yerli açık tekerlek serisidir.<sup id="cite_ref-379" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-379"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>377<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Grand_Prix" title="Japonya Grand Prix">Japonya Grand Prix</a>'si gibi önemli yarışlara ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-380"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japonya, <a href="/wiki/1964_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1964 Yaz Olimpiyatları">1964'te Tokyo'da</a> Yaz Olimpiyatları'na, <a href="/wiki/1972_K%C4%B1%C5%9F_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1972 Kış Olimpiyatları">1972'de Sapporo</a> ve <a href="/wiki/1998_K%C4%B1%C5%9F_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1998 Kış Olimpiyatları">1998'de Nagano</a> olmak üzere iki kez Kış Olimpiyatları ev sahipliği yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, <a href="/wiki/2006_FIBA_D%C3%BCnya_Basketbol_%C5%9Eampiyonas%C4%B1" title="2006 FIBA Dünya Basketbol Şampiyonası">2006 Dünya Basketbol Şampiyonası</a>'na ev sahipliği yaptı<sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-382"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve <a href="/wiki/2023_FIBA_Basketbol_D%C3%BCnya_Kupas%C4%B1" title="2023 FIBA Basketbol Dünya Kupası">2023 FIBA Basketbol Dünya Kupası</a>'nın ev sahiplerinden biriydi.<sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-383"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>381<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tokyo, 2021 yılında <a href="/wiki/2020_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="2020 Yaz Olimpiyatları">2020 Yaz Olimpiyatları</a>'na ev sahipliği yaparak Tokyo'yu Olimpiyatlara iki kez ev sahipliği yapan ilk Asya şehri haline getirdi.<sup id="cite_ref-384" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-384"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>382<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, resmi <a href="/wiki/FIVB_D%C3%BCnya_Kad%C4%B1nlar_Voleybol_%C5%9Eampiyonas%C4%B1" title="FIVB Dünya Kadınlar Voleybol Şampiyonası">Dünya Kadınlar Voleybol Şampiyonası</a>'na beş kez ev sahipliği yapma hakkını elde ederek bu hakkı diğer tüm ülkelerden daha fazla kazandı.<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>383<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonya, <a href="/wiki/Ragbi_birli%C4%9Fi" title="Ragbi birliği">ragbi birliğinde</a> Asya'nın en başarılı ülkesidir<sup id="cite_ref-386" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>384<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve 2019 IRB <a href="/wiki/Ragbi_D%C3%BCnya_Kupas%C4%B1" title="Ragbi Dünya Kupası">Ragbi Dünya Kupası</a>'na ev sahipliği yaptı.<sup id="cite_ref-387" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>385<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notlar">Notlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Notlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=36" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Notlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca">Japonca</a>: <span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本</span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/TomJ-Japan.ogg\/TomJ-Japan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"telaffuz"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"tr","wikibase":"","file":"TomJ-Japan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/TomJ-Japan.ogg/TomJ-Japan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Ses çal" title="Ses çal" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">telaffuz</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:TomJ-Japan.ogg" title="Dosya:TomJ-Japan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> <i><span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nippon</span> veya <span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nihon</span></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> veya resmî adı ile <span class="lang-ja" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本国</span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/86\/Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg\/Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"telaffuz"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"tr","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-nippon nihonkoku.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg/Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Ses çal" title="Ses çal" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">telaffuz</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg" title="Dosya:Ja-nippon nihonkoku.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> <i><span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nippon-koku</span> veya <span title="Japonca harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nihon-koku</span></i>; "Japonya Devleti"</span> </span></span></li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32805677"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><small>Japonca telaffuz: </small><span title="IPA Söylenişi" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:IPA" title="Yardım:IPA">[ɲippoꜜɴ]</a></span><small>  (<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg" class="internal" title="Ja-nippon(日本).ogg">dinle</a>)</small> veya <small>Japonca telaffuz: </small><span title="IPA Söylenişi" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:IPA" title="Yardım:IPA">[ɲihoꜜɴ]</a></span><small>  (<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg" class="internal" title="Ja-nihon(日本).ogg">dinle</a>)</small></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=37" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32805677"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-area-2019-1"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-area-2019_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-area-2019_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415123703/https://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO201910-index.html">"令和元年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調 (10月1日時点)"</a> [Reiwa 1 prefektörlükler ve belediyeler tarafından ülke çapında alan araştırması (1 Ekim itibarıyla)] (Japonca). <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Uzamsal_Bilgi_Kurumu" title="Japonya Uzamsal Bilgi Kurumu">Japonya Uzamsal Bilgi Kurumu</a>. 26 Aralık 2019. 16 Nisan 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO201910-index.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%E5%85%83%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%9C%8C%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E5%88%A5%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D%E8%AA%BF+%2810%E6%9C%881%E6%97%A5%E6%99%82%E7%82%B9%29&rft.pub=Japonya+Uzamsal+Bilgi+Kurumu&rft.date=2019-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2FKOKUJYOHO%2FMENCHO201910-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER">"Surface water and surface water change"</a>. OECD. 24 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surface+water+and+surface+water+change&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.oecd.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DSURFACE_WATER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405030144/https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html">"Population estimates by age (five-year groups) and sex"</a>. Statistics Bureau of Japan. 5 Nisan 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates+by+age+%28five-year+groups%29+and+sex&rft.pub=Statistics+Bureau+of+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fjinsui%2Ftsuki%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707224705/https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en/dbview?sid=0003445154">"2020 Population Census: population by sex, age (single years), month of birth and all nationality or Japanese"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Bureau_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Bureau (Japan) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Statistics Bureau of Japan</a>. 7 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en/dbview?sid=0003445154">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">7 Temmuz</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+Census%3A+population+by+sex%2C+age+%28single+years%29%2C+month+of+birth+and+all+nationality+or+Japanese&rft.pub=Statistics+Bureau+of+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-stat.go.jp%2Fen%2Fdbview%3Fsid%3D0003445154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-5"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=158,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Uluslararası Para Fonu 2023 GYSİH Tahminleri"</a>. <i>Dünya Ekonomi Tahmini</i>. Uluslararası Para Fonu. 10 Ekim 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C3%BCnya+Ekonomi+Tahmini&rft.atitle=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Para+Fonu+2023+GYS%C4%B0H+Tahminleri&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D158%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm"><i>Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. 1 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inequality+%E2%80%93+Income+inequality+%E2%80%93+OECD+Data&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Finequality%2Fincome-inequality.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMKP-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-BMKP_7-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler_Kalk%C4%B1nma_Program%C4%B1" title="Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı">Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı</a>. 13 Mart 2024. 13 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F+Milletler+Kalk%C4%B1nma+Program%C4%B1&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schreiber-10"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-schreiber_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schreiber_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Schreiber, Mark (26 Kasım 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2019/11/26/language/nihon-nippon-japan/">"You say 'Nihon', I say 'Nippon', or let's call the whole thing 'Japan'?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i>. 27 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027120630/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2019/11/26/language/nihon-nippon-japan/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">16 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=You+say+%27Nihon%27%2C+I+say+%27Nippon%27%2C+or+let%27s+call+the+whole+thing+%27Japan%27%3F&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2019%2F11%2F26%2Flanguage%2Fnihon-nippon-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carr-11"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-carr_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carr_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Carr, Michael (Mart 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ijl/article/5/1/1/950449">"Wa Wa Lexicography"</a>. <i>International Journal of Lexicography</i>. <b>5</b> (1). ss. 1-31. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/5.1.1">10.1093/ijl/5.1.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0950-3846">0950-3846</a>. 2 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802084811/https://academic.oup.com/ijl/article/5/1/1/950449">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">16 Mart</span> 2024</span> – <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> vasıtasıyla.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wa+Wa+Lexicography&rft.pages=1-31&rft.date=1992-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fijl%2F5.1.1&rft.issn=0950-3846&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fijl%2Farticle%2F5%2F1%2F1%2F950449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Piggott, Joan R. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BruaJSZmjHcC"><i>The Emergence of Japanese Kingship</i></a>. Stanford University Press. ss. 143-144. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-8047-2832-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-8047-2832-4">978-0-8047-2832-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111147/https://books.google.com/books?id=BruaJSZmjHcC">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">16 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Japanese+Kingship&rft.pages=143-144&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2832-4&rft.aulast=Piggott&rft.aufirst=Joan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBruaJSZmjHcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Hoffman, Michael (27 Temmuz 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825151317/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/07/27/general/cipangus-landlocked-isles">"Cipangu's landlocked isles"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 25 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/07/27/general/cipangus-landlocked-isles/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cipangu%27s+landlocked+isles&rft.date=2008-07-27&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2008%2F07%2F27%2Fgeneral%2Fcipangus-landlocked-isles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Lach, Donald (2010). <i>Asia in the Making of Europe</i>. <b>I</b>. University of Chicago Press. s. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Mancall, Peter C. (2006). "Of the Ilande of Giapan, 1565". <i>Travel narratives from the age of discovery: an anthology</i>. Oxford University Press. ss. 156-157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+the+Ilande+of+Giapan%2C+1565&rft.btitle=Travel+narratives+from+the+age+of+discovery%3A+an+anthology&rft.pages=156-157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mancall&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Batchelor, Robert K. (6 Ocak 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=giZnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA79"><i>London: The Selden Map and the Making of a Global City, 1549–1689</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. ss. 76, 79. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-226-08079-6" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-226-08079-6">978-0-226-08079-6</a>. 13 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513063152/https://books.google.com/books?id=giZnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA79">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London%3A+The+Selden+Map+and+the+Making+of+a+Global+City%2C+1549%E2%80%931689&rft.pages=76%2C+79&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2014-01-06&rft.isbn=978-0-226-08079-6&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgiZnAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Mancall, Peter C. (2006). "Of the Ilande of Giapan, 1565". <i>Travel Narratives from the Age of Discovery: an anthology</i>. Oxford University Press. ss. 156-157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+the+Ilande+of+Giapan%2C+1565&rft.btitle=Travel+Narratives+from+the+Age+of+Discovery%3A+an+anthology&rft.pages=156-157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mancall&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Batchelor, Robert K. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=giZnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA79"><i>London: The Selden Map and the Making of a Global City, 1549–1689</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. ss. 76, 79. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-226-08079-6" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-226-08079-6">978-0-226-08079-6</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111045/https://books.google.com/books?id=giZnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA79#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">16 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London%3A+The+Selden+Map+and+the+Making+of+a+Global+City%2C+1549%E2%80%931689&rft.pages=76%2C+79&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-226-08079-6&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgiZnAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2%C5%9Fgarl%C4%B1_Mahmud" title="Kâşgarlı Mahmud">Kâşgarlı Mahmud</a> (1986) [1074]. <i>Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk</i>. B. Atalay tarafından çevrildi (2 bas.). Ankara. s. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%AEv%C3%A2nu+Lug%C3%A2ti%27t-T%C3%BCrk&rft.place=Ankara&rft.pages=29&rft.edition=2&rft.date=1986&rft.au=K%C3%A2%C5%9Fgarl%C4%B1+Mahmud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Frédéric, Louis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA143&lpg=PA143&dq=dai+nippon+teikoku#v=onepage&q=dai%20nippon%20teikoku"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a> (İngilizce). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. s. 143. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-674-00770-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-674-00770-3">978-0-674-00770-3</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">29 Ocak</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00770-3&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA143%26lpg%3DPA143%26dq%3Ddai%2Bnippon%2Bteikoku%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Ddai%2520nippon%2520teikoku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Ono, Akira; Sato, Hiroyuki; Tsutsumi, Takashi; Kudo, Yuichiro (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/radiocaron-dates-and-archaeology-of-the-late-pleistocene-in-the-japanese-islands/580E3E8E6F7C0E9E65D9FA8EC7FB6553">"Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands"</a>. <i>Radiocarbon</i>. <b>44</b> (2). ss. 477-494. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200031854">10.1017/S0033822200031854</a>. 7 Haziran 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607232516/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/radiocaron-dates-and-archaeology-of-the-late-pleistocene-in-the-japanese-islands/580E3E8E6F7C0E9E65D9FA8EC7FB6553">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radiocarbon+Dates+and+Archaeology+of+the+Late+Pleistocene+in+the+Japanese+Islands&rft.pages=477-494&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0033822200031854&rft.aulast=Ono&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft.au=Sato%2C+Hiroyuki&rft.au=Tsutsumi%2C+Takashi&rft.au=Kudo%2C+Yuichiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fradiocarbon%2Farticle%2Fradiocaron-dates-and-archaeology-of-the-late-pleistocene-in-the-japanese-islands%2F580E3E8E6F7C0E9E65D9FA8EC7FB6553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Habu, Junko (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC&pg=PA43"><i>Ancient Jomon of Japan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. s. 43. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-521-77670-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-521-77670-7">978-0-521-77670-7</a>. 25 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325235019/https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC&pg=PA43">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Jomon+of+Japan&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77670-7&rft.aulast=Habu&rft.aufirst=Junko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvGnAbTyTynsC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jomo/hd_jomo.htm">"Jōmon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 13 Aralık 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213222716/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jomo/hd_jomo.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J%C5%8Dmon+Culture+%28ca.+10%2C500%E2%80%93ca.+300+B.C.%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fjomo%2Fhd_jomo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Wade, Nicholas (4 Mayıs 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/science/04language.html">"Finding on Dialects Casts New Light on the Origins of the Japanese People"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 31 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331175152/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/science/04language.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+on+Dialects+Casts+New+Light+on+the+Origins+of+the+Japanese+People&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F04%2Fscience%2F04language.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Vovin, Alexander (2017). "Origins of the Japanese Language". <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.277">10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.277</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-938465-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-938465-5">978-0-19-938465-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Japanese+Language&rft.btitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199384655.013.277&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938465-5&rft.aulast=Vovin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yayoi_culture-26"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Yayoi_culture_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yayoi_culture_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Watanabe, Yusuke; Naka, Izumi; Khor, Seik-Soon; Sawai, Hiromi; Hitomi, Yuki; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Ohashi, Jun (17 Haziran 2019). "Analysis of whole Y-chromosome sequences reveals the Japanese population history in the Jomon period". <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>9</b> (1). s. 8556. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44473-z">10.1038/s41598-019-44473-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572846">6572846</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31209235">31209235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+whole+Y-chromosome+sequences+reveals+the+Japanese+population+history+in+the+Jomon+period&rft.pages=8556&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6572846&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31209235&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-019-44473-z&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=Yusuke&rft.au=Naka%2C+Izumi&rft.au=Khor%2C+Seik-Soon&rft.au=Sawai%2C+Hiromi&rft.au=Hitomi%2C+Yuki&rft.au=Tokunaga%2C+Katsushi&rft.au=Ohashi%2C+Jun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010530/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html">"Road of rice plant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Do%C4%9Fa_ve_Bilim_M%C3%BCzesi" title="Ulusal Doğa ve Bilim Müzesi">Ulusal Doğa ve Bilim Müzesi</a>. 30 Nisan 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Road+of+rice+plant&rft.pub=Ulusal+Do%C4%9Fa+ve+Bilim+M%C3%BCzesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kahaku.go.jp%2Fspecial%2Fpast%2Fjapanese%2Fipix%2F5%2F5-25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm">"Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 21 Şubat 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221210151/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kofun+Period+%28ca.+300%E2%80%93710%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fkofu%2Fhd_kofu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">"Yayoi Culture (ca. 300 B.C.–300 A.D.)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200104161858/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yayoi+Culture+%28ca.+300+B.C.%E2%80%93300+A.D.%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fyayo%2Fhd_yayo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Hendry, Joy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingjap00hend"><i>Understanding Japanese Society</i></a>. Routledge. s. 9. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-136-27918-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-136-27918-8">978-1-136-27918-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Japanese+Society&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-27918-8&rft.aulast=Hendry&rft.aufirst=Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingjap00hend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney; Jansen, Marius B.; Shively, Donald H.; Twitchett, Denis (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A3_6lp8IOK8C&pg=PA141"><i>The Cambridge History of Japan</i></a>. <b>1</b>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. ss. 140-149, 275. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-521-22352-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-521-22352-2">978-0-521-22352-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=140-149%2C+275&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22352-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Delmer+M.&rft.au=Hall%2C+John+Whitney&rft.au=Jansen%2C+Marius+B.&rft.au=Shively%2C+Donald+H.&rft.au=Twitchett%2C+Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA3_6lp8IOK8C%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Beasley, William Gerald (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9AivK7yMICgC&pg=PA42"><i>The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan</i></a>. University of California Press. s. 42. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-520-22560-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-520-22560-2">978-0-520-22560-2</a>. 25 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325235016/https://books.google.com/books?id=9AivK7yMICgC&pg=PA42">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Experience%3A+A+Short+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22560-2&rft.aulast=Beasley&rft.aufirst=William+Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9AivK7yMICgC%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Totman_2005-33"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Totman_2005_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Totman_2005_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Totman_2005_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. 2nd. Blackwell. s. 72. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.series=2nd&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sansom-34"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Sansom, George (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0syC6L77dpAC"><i>A History of Japan: 1334–1615</i></a>. Stanford University Press. ss. 57, 68. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-8047-0525-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-8047-0525-7">978-0-8047-0525-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+1334%E2%80%931615&rft.pages=57%2C+68&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0525-7&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0syC6L77dpAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ritsuryo-35"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-ritsuryo_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ritsuryo_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. Blackwell. ss. 107-108. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=107-108&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Prof. Dr. W. Eberhard, Uzak Doğu Tarihi, TTK Basımevi, Ankara 1992, s. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. Blackwell. ss. 64-79. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=64-79&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Courtiers-38"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courtiers_38-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "Of Courtiers and Warriors: Early and Medieval History (710–1600)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p5OL-k7A4mAC&pg=PT24"><i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 24-52. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-230-36918-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-230-36918-4">978-0-230-36918-4</a>. 25 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325235014/https://books.google.com/books?id=p5OL-k7A4mAC&pg=PT24">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+Courtiers+and+Warriors%3A+Early+and+Medieval+History+%28710%E2%80%931600%29&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=24-52&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36918-4&rft.au=Henshall%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp5OL-k7A4mAC%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Hays, J.N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GyE8Qt-kS1kC&pg=PA31"><i>Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. s. 31. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-85109-658-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-85109-658-9">978-1-85109-658-9</a>. 25 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325235018/https://books.google.com/books?id=GyE8Qt-kS1kC&pg=PA31">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epidemics+and+pandemics%3A+their+impacts+on+human+history&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-658-9&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=J.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGyE8Qt-kS1kC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. Blackwell. ss. 79-87, 122-123. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=79-87%2C+122-123&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leibo2015-41"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Leibo2015_41-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Leibo, Steven A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1yX-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA99"><i>East and Southeast Asia 2015–2016</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ss. 99-104. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4758-1875-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4758-1875-8">978-1-4758-1875-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+and+Southeast+Asia+2015%E2%80%932016&rft.pages=99-104&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4758-1875-8&rft.aulast=Leibo&rft.aufirst=Steven+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1yX-CQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Middleton, John (2015). <i>World Monarchies and Dynasties</i>. Routledge. s. 616.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Monarchies+and+Dynasties&rft.pages=616&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. 2nd. Blackwell. ss. 106-112. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.series=2nd&rft.pages=106-112&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shirane2012a-44"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Shirane2012a_44-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Shirane, Haruo (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8qq6zhhM5kC&pg=PA409"><i>Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600</i></a>. Columbia University Press. s. 409. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-231-15730-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-231-15730-8">978-0-231-15730-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Japanese+Literature%3A+An+Anthology%2C+Beginnings+to+1600&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15730-8&rft.aulast=Shirane&rft.aufirst=Haruo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE8qq6zhhM5kC%26pg%3DPA409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-concise-45"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-concise_45-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199"><i>Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology,</i> p. 199 n57</a> 31 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531122854/https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199">arşivlendi</a>., citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). <i>History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.</i> p. 140-147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Sansom, George (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0syC6L77dpAC"><i>A History of Japan: 1334–1615</i></a>. Stanford University Press. ss. 42, 217. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-8047-0525-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-8047-0525-7">978-0-8047-0525-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+1334%E2%80%931615&rft.pages=42%2C+217&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0525-7&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0syC6L77dpAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Lidin, Olof (2005). <i>Tanegashima</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-203-47957-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-203-47957-2">0-203-47957-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanegashima&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-203-47957-2&rft.aulast=Lidin&rft.aufirst=Olof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Brown, Delmer (Mayıs 1948). "The impact of firearms on Japanese warfare, 1543–98". <i>The Far Eastern Quarterly</i>. <b>7</b> (3). ss. 236-253. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2048846">10.2307/2048846</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2048846">2048846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+impact+of+firearms+on+Japanese+warfare%2C+1543%E2%80%9398&rft.pages=236-253&rft.date=1948-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2048846&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2048846&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Delmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.dma.org/essay/dAg2pDvx">"Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573–1603)"</a>. Dallas Museum of Art. 6 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106110854/https://collections.dma.org/essay/dAg2pDvx">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azuchi-Momoyama+period+%281573%E2%80%931603%29&rft.pub=Dallas+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.dma.org%2Fessay%2FdAg2pDvx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turnbull2011-50"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull2011_50-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Turnbull, Stephen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x8govgAACAAJ"><i>Toyotomi Hideyoshi</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. s. 61. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-84603-960-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-84603-960-7">978-1-84603-960-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toyotomi+Hideyoshi&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-960-7&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx8govgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Closed-51"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Closed_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Closed_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Closed_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Closed_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Closed_51-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "The Closed Country: the Tokugawa Period (1600–1868)". <i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 53-74. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-230-36918-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-230-36918-4">978-0-230-36918-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Closed+Country%3A+the+Tokugawa+Period+%281600%E2%80%931868%29&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=53-74&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36918-4&rft.au=Henshall%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. 2nd. Blackwell. ss. 142-143. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.series=2nd&rft.pages=142-143&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". <i>Journal of Japanese Studies</i>. <b>3</b> (2). ss. 323-363. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/132115">10.2307/132115</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/132115">132115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reopening+the+Question+of+Sakoku%3A+Diplomacy+in+the+Legitimation+of+the+Tokugawa+Bakufu&rft.pages=323-363&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F132115&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F132115&rft.aulast=Toby&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Howe, Christopher (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XkCRcv0iXn0C"><i>The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy</i></a>. Hurst & Company. ss. 58ff. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-85065-538-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-85065-538-1">978-1-85065-538-1</a>. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235611/https://books.google.com/books?id=XkCRcv0iXn0C">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Japanese+Trade+Supremacy&rft.pages=58ff&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-538-1&rft.au=Howe%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXkCRcv0iXn0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Ohtsu, M.; Imanari, Tomio (1999). "Japanese National Values and Confucianism". <i>Japanese Economy</i>. <b>27</b> (2). ss. 45-59. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753/JES1097-203X270245">10.2753/JES1097-203X270245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+National+Values+and+Confucianism&rft.pages=45-59&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2FJES1097-203X270245&rft.aulast=Ohtsu&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Imanari%2C+Tomio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. 2nd. Blackwell. ss. 289-296. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.series=2nd&rft.pages=289-296&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-modernnation-57"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-modernnation_57-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "Building a Modern Nation: the Meiji Period (1868–1912)". <i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 75-107. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-230-36918-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-230-36918-4">978-0-230-36918-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Building+a+Modern+Nation%3A+the+Meiji+Period+%281868%E2%80%931912%29&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=75-107&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36918-4&rft.au=Henshall%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">McCargo, Duncan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8au8QgAACAAJ"><i>Contemporary Japan</i></a>. Macmillan. ss. 18-19. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-333-71000-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-333-71000-5">978-0-333-71000-5</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111137/https://books.google.com/books?id=8au8QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Japan&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-333-71000-5&rft.aulast=McCargo&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8au8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Baran, Paul (1962). <i>The Political Economy of Growth</i>. Monthly Review Press. s. 160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Growth&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Monthly+Review+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Baran&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a>. 2nd. Blackwell. ss. 312-314. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.series=2nd&rft.pages=312-314&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Matsusaka, Y. Tak (2009). "The Japanese Empire". Tsutsui, William M. (Ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companiontojapan0000unse"><i>Companion to Japanese History</i></a>. Blackwell. ss. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companiontojapan0000unse/page/n239">224</a>-241. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-1690-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-1690-9">978-1-4051-1690-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Empire&rft.btitle=Companion+to+Japanese+History&rft.pages=224-241&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1690-9&rft.aulast=Matsusaka&rft.aufirst=Y.+Tak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompaniontojapan0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Hiroshi, Shimizu; Hitoshi, Hirakawa (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7k0F8YoZ6P0C"><i>Japan and Singapore in the world economy: Japan's economic advance into Singapore, 1870–1965</i></a>. Routledge. s. 17. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-415-19236-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-415-19236-1">978-0-415-19236-1</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111122/https://books.google.com/books?id=7k0F8YoZ6P0C">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+and+Singapore+in+the+world+economy%3A+Japan%27s+economic+advance+into+Singapore%2C+1870%E2%80%931965&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-19236-1&rft.aulast=Hiroshi&rft.aufirst=Shimizu&rft.au=Hitoshi%2C+Hirakawa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7k0F8YoZ6P0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-excesses-63"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-excesses_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excesses_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excesses_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excesses_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excesses_63-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "The Excesses of Ambition: the Pacific War and its Lead-Up". <i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 108-141. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-230-36918-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-230-36918-4">978-0-230-36918-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Excesses+of+Ambition%3A+the+Pacific+War+and+its+Lead-Up&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=108-141&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36918-4&rft.au=Henshall%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Tsuzuki, Chushichi (2011). "Taisho Democracy and the First World War". <i>The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan 1825–1995</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof%3Aoso/9780198205890.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205890.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-820589-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-820589-0">978-0-19-820589-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taisho+Democracy+and+the+First+World+War&rft.btitle=The+Pursuit+of+Power+in+Modern+Japan+1825%E2%80%931995&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198205890.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-820589-0&rft.aulast=Tsuzuki&rft.aufirst=Chushichi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramesh-65"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-ramesh_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramesh_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Ramesh, S (2020). "The Taisho Period (1912–1926): Transition from Democracy to a Military Economy". <i>China's Economic Rise</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 173-209. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-3-030-49811-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-3-030-49811-5">978-3-030-49811-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Taisho+Period+%281912%E2%80%931926%29%3A+Transition+from+Democracy+to+a+Military+Economy&rft.btitle=China%27s+Economic+Rise&rft.pages=173-209&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-49811-5&rft.aulast=Ramesh&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Burnett, M. Troy (2020). <i>Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World</i>. ABC-CLIO. s. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalism+Today%3A+Extreme+Political+Movements+around+the+World&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Burnett%2C+M.+Troy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Weber, Torsten (2018). <i>Embracing 'Asia' in China and Japan</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. s. 268.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Embracing+%27Asia%27+in+China+and+Japan&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Torsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inc1945-68"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Inc1945_68-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t0kEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA109">"The Japanese Nation: It has a history of feudalism, nationalism, war and now defeat"</a>. <i>LIFE</i>. 17 Eylül 1945. ss. 109-111. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111140/https://books.google.com/books?id=t0kEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Nation%3A+It+has+a+history+of+feudalism%2C+nationalism%2C+war+and+now+defeat&rft.pages=109-111&rft.date=1945-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt0kEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paine2012-69"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Paine2012_69-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Paine, S. C. M. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bAYgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123"><i>The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. ss. 123-125. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-139-56087-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-139-56087-0">978-1-139-56087-0</a>. 2 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402121752/https://books.google.com/books?id=bAYgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+for+Asia%2C+1911%E2%80%931949&rft.pages=123-125&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-139-56087-0&rft.aulast=Paine&rft.aufirst=S.+C.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbAYgAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Worth, Roland H. Jr. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ezBnAAAAMAAJ"><i>No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific</i></a>. McFarland. ss. 56, 86. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-7864-0141-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-7864-0141-3">978-0-7864-0141-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Choice+But+War%3A+the+United+States+Embargo+Against+Japan+and+the+Eruption+of+War+in+the+Pacific&rft.pages=56%2C+86&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0141-3&rft.aulast=Worth&rft.aufirst=Roland+H.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DezBnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Bailey, Beth; Farber, David (2019). "Introduction: December 7/8, 1941". <i>Beyond Pearl Harbor: A Pacific History</i>. University Press of Kansas. ss. 1-8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+December+7%2F8%2C+1941&rft.btitle=Beyond+Pearl+Harbor%3A+A+Pacific+History&rft.pages=1-8&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft.au=Farber%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Pape, Robert A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-security_fall-1993_18_2/page/154">"Why Japan Surrendered"</a>. <i>International Security</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 154-201. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2539100">10.2307/2539100</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2539100">2539100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Japan+Surrendered&rft.pages=154-201&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539100&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539100&rft.aulast=Pape&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-security_fall-1993_18_2%2Fpage%2F154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Watt, Lori (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_F3AN6x6AQ8C"><i>When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan</i></a>. Harvard University Press. ss. 1-4. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-674-05598-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-674-05598-8">978-0-674-05598-8</a>. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235733/https://books.google.com/books?id=_F3AN6x6AQ8C">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Empire+Comes+Home%3A+Repatriation+and+Reintegration+in+Postwar+Japan&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-674-05598-8&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_F3AN6x6AQ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phoenix-74"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-phoenix_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phoenix_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phoenix_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phoenix_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Henshall, Kenneth (2012). "A Phoenix from the Ashes: Postwar Successes and Beyond". <i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 142-180. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-230-36918-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-230-36918-4">978-0-230-36918-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Phoenix+from+the+Ashes%3A+Postwar+Successes+and+Beyond&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=142-180&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36918-4&rft.au=Henshall%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Coleman, Joseph (6 Mart 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 11 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411091335/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2752+coup+plot+bid+to+rearm+Japan%3A+CIA&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2007%2F03%2F06%2Fnational%2F52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Saxonhouse, Gary; Stern, Robert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_world-economy_2003-03_26_3/page/267">"The bubble and the lost decade"</a>. <i>The World Economy</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 267-281. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00522">10.1111/1467-9701.00522</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_Sistemi" title="Handle Sistemi">hdl</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F71597">2027.42/71597</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bubble+and+the+lost+decade&rft.pages=267-281&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F71597&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9701.00522&rft.aulast=Saxonhouse&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Stern%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_world-economy_2003-03_26_3%2Fpage%2F267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-77"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Fackler, Martin; Drew, Kevin (11 Mart 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html">"Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 3 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html">arşivlendi</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devastation+as+Tsunami+Crashes+Into+Japan&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Drew%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F12%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F12japan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Japan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication">"Japan's emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asian Review</i>. 30 Nisan 2019. 11 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511172939/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Japan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+emperor+thanks+country%2C+prays+for+peace+before+abdication&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FSpotlight%2FJapan-s-Reiwa-era%2FJapan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">McCurry, Justin (16 Şubat 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/16/japan-sees-its-number-of-islands-double-after-recount">"Japan sees its number of islands double after recount"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 1 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301154105/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/16/japan-sees-its-number-of-islands-double-after-recount">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+sees+its+number+of+islands+double+after+recount&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.aulast=McCurry&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Ffeb%2F16%2Fjapan-sees-its-number-of-islands-double-after-recount&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-water-80"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-water_80-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126130519/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html">"Water Supply in Japan"</a>. Sağlık, Çalışma ve Refah Bakanlığı. 26 Ocak 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Supply+in+Japan&rft.pub=Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k%2C+%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma+ve+Refah+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhlw.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fpolicy%2Fhealth%2Fwater_supply%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Iwashita, Akihiro (2011). "An Invitation to Japan's Borderlands: At the Geopolitical Edge of the Eurasian Continent". <i>Journal of Borderlands Studies</i>. <b>26</b> (3). ss. 279-282. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2011.686969">10.1080/08865655.2011.686969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Invitation+to+Japan%27s+Borderlands%3A+At+the+Geopolitical+Edge+of+the+Eurasian+Continent&rft.pages=279-282&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08865655.2011.686969&rft.aulast=Iwashita&rft.aufirst=Akihiro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Kuwahara, Sueo (2012). "The development of small islands in Japan: An historical perspective". <i>Journal of Marine and Island Cultures</i>. <b>1</b> (1). ss. 38-45. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2012.04.004">10.1016/j.imic.2012.04.004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+development+of+small+islands+in+Japan%3A+An+historical+perspective&rft.pages=38-45&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.imic.2012.04.004&rft.aulast=Kuwahara&rft.aufirst=Sueo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">McCargo, Duncan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8au8QgAACAAJ"><i>Contemporary Japan</i></a>. Macmillan. ss. 8-11. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-333-71000-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-333-71000-5">978-0-333-71000-5</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111137/https://books.google.com/books?id=8au8QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Japan&rft.pages=8-11&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-333-71000-5&rft.aulast=McCargo&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8au8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-84"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_84-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/">"World Factbook: Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a>. 5 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105105736/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Factbook%3A+Japan&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fjapan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Yamada, Yoshihiko (2011). "Japan's New National Border Strategy and Maritime Security". <i>Journal of Borderlands Studies</i>. <b>26</b> (3). s. 357–367. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2011.686972">10.1080/08865655.2011.686972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+New+National+Border+Strategy+and+Maritime+Security&rft.pages=357-367&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08865655.2011.686972&rft.aulast=Yamada&rft.aufirst=Yoshihiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/npr/ncj/section1.html">"Natural environment of Japan: Japanese archipelago"</a>. Çevre Bakanlığı. 5 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220805032536/https://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/npr/ncj/section1.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+environment+of+Japan%3A+Japanese+archipelago&rft.pub=%C3%87evre+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fen%2Fnature%2Fnpr%2Fncj%2Fsection1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Fujimoto, Shouji; Mizuno, Takayuki; Ohnishi, Takaaki; Shimizu, Chihiro; Watanabe, Tsutomu (2017). "Relationship between population density and population movement in inhabitable lands". <i>Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review</i>. Cilt 14. ss. 117-130. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40844-016-0064-z">10.1007/s40844-016-0064-z</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relationship+between+population+density+and+population+movement+in+inhabitable+lands&rft.pages=117-130&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40844-016-0064-z&rft.aulast=Fujimoto&rft.aufirst=Shouji&rft.au=Mizuno%2C+Takayuki&rft.au=Ohnishi%2C+Takaaki&rft.au=Shimizu%2C+Chihiro&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+Tsutomu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statisticstimes.com/demographics/countries-by-population-density.php">"List of countries by population density"</a>. <i>Statistics Times</i>. 26 Eylül 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926222139/http://statisticstimes.com/demographics/countries-by-population-density.php">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Times&rft.atitle=List+of+countries+by+population+density&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatisticstimes.com%2Fdemographics%2Fcountries-by-population-density.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Fujimoto, Shouji; Mizuno, Takayuki; Ohnishi, Takaaki; Shimizu, Chihiro; Watanabe, Tsutomu (2014). "Geographic Dependency of Population Distribution". <i>Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, Plus Econophysics Colloquium</i>. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. ss. 151-162. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_14">10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-3-319-20590-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-3-319-20590-8">978-3-319-20590-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographic+Dependency+of+Population+Distribution&rft.series=Springer+Proceedings+in+Complexity&rft.pages=151-162&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-20591-5_14&rft.isbn=978-3-319-20590-8&rft.aulast=Fujimoto&rft.aufirst=Shouji&rft.au=Mizuno%2C+Takayuki&rft.au=Ohnishi%2C+Takaaki&rft.au=Shimizu%2C+Chihiro&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+Tsutomu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPCensus-90"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-JPCensus_90-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/jichi_gyousei/c-gyousei/daityo/index.html">"総務省|住基ネット"</a> [İçişleri ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı Mukim Kayıt Ağı]. <i>soumu.go.jp</i>. 24 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144613/https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/jichi_gyousei/c-gyousei/daityo/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=soumu.go.jp&rft.atitle=%E7%B7%8F%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81%EF%BD%9C%E4%BD%8F%E5%9F%BA%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmain_sosiki%2Fjichi_gyousei%2Fc-gyousei%2Fdaityo%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Hua, Yang (2014). "Legal Regulation of Land Reclamation in China's Coastal Areas". <i>Coastal Management</i>. <b>42</b> (1). ss. 59-79. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2013.865008">10.1080/08920753.2013.865008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Regulation+of+Land+Reclamation+in+China%27s+Coastal+Areas&rft.pages=59-79&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08920753.2013.865008&rft.aulast=Hua&rft.aufirst=Yang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabata2016-92"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Tabata2016_92-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Tabata, Ryoichi; Kakioka, Ryo; Tominaga, Koji; Komiya, Takefumi; Watanabe, Katsutoshi (2016). "Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: The ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan". <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. <b>6</b> (8). ss. 2601-2623. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2070">10.1002/ece3.2070</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4798153">4798153</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27066244">27066244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phylogeny+and+historical+demography+of+endemic+fishes+in+Lake+Biwa%3A+The+ancient+lake+as+a+promoter+of+evolution+and+diversification+of+freshwater+fishes+in+western+Japan&rft.pages=2601-2623&rft.date=2016&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4798153&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27066244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fece3.2070&rft.aulast=Tabata&rft.aufirst=Ryoichi&rft.au=Kakioka%2C+Ryo&rft.au=Tominaga%2C+Koji&rft.au=Komiya%2C+Takefumi&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+Katsutoshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Israel, Brett (14 Mart 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html">"Japan's Explosive Geology Explained"</a>. Live Science. 5 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805085127/https://www.livescience.com/30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Explosive+Geology+Explained&rft.pub=Live+Science&rft.date=2011-03-14&rft.aulast=Israel&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wri-94"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-wri_94-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:5763#viewMetadata">"World Risk Report 2016"</a>. UNU-EHS. 23 Eylül 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923203844/https://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:5763#viewMetadata">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Risk+Report+2016&rft.pub=UNU-EHS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.unu.edu%2Fview%2FUNU%3A5763%23viewMetadata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Fujita, Eisuke; Ueda, Hideki; Nakada, Setsuya (July 2020). "A New Japan Volcanological Database". <i>Frontiers in Earth Science</i>. Cilt 8. s. 205. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00205">10.3389/feart.2020.00205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+New+Japan+Volcanological+Database&rft.pages=205&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffeart.2020.00205&rft.aulast=Fujita&rft.aufirst=Eisuke&rft.au=Ueda%2C+Hideki&rft.au=Nakada%2C+Setsuya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204064754/http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html">"Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan"</a>. Oregon State University. 4 Şubat 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tectonics+and+Volcanoes+of+Japan&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.und.edu%2Fvwdocs%2Fvolc_images%2Fnorth_asia%2Fjapan_tec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Hammer, Joshua (Mayıs 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-great-japan-earthquake-of-1923-1764539/">"The Great Japan Earthquake of 1923"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. 18 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318031207/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-great-japan-earthquake-of-1923-1764539/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Great+Japan+Earthquake+of+1923&rft.date=2011-05&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fthe-great-japan-earthquake-of-1923-1764539%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-98"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Karan, Pradyumna Prasad; Gilbreath, Dick (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oze_mWihnU0C"><i>Japan in the 21st century</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. ss. 18-21, 41. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-8131-2342-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-8131-2342-4">978-0-8131-2342-4</a>. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235612/https://books.google.com/books?id=oze_mWihnU0C">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+in+the+21st+century&rft.pages=18-21%2C+41&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2342-4&rft.aulast=Karan&rft.aufirst=Pradyumna+Prasad&rft.au=Gilbreath%2C+Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doze_mWihnU0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/longfcst/en/tourist/file/Hokuriku.html">"Climate of Hokuriku district"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Meteoroloji_Ajans%C4%B1" title="Japonya Meteoroloji Ajansı">Japonya Meteoroloji Ajansı</a>. 15 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115152056/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/longfcst/en/tourist/file/Hokuriku.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+of+Hokuriku+district&rft.pub=Japonya+Meteoroloji+Ajans%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.jma.go.jp%2Fgmd%2Fcpd%2Flongfcst%2Fen%2Ftourist%2Ffile%2FHokuriku.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/longfcst/en/tourist_japan.html">"Overview of Japan's climate"</a>. Japan Meteorological Association. 12 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031532/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/longfcst/en/tourist_japan.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+Japan%27s+climate&rft.pub=Japan+Meteorological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.jma.go.jp%2Fgmd%2Fcpd%2Flongfcst%2Fen%2Ftourist_japan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climatechange-101"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-climatechange_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-climatechange_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Ito, Masami. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://features.japantimes.co.jp/climate-crisis-2030/">"Japan 2030: Tackling climate issues is key to the next decade"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 9 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309021632/https://features.japantimes.co.jp/climate-crisis-2030///">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Japan+2030%3A+Tackling+climate+issues+is+key+to+the+next+decade&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=Masami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeatures.japantimes.co.jp%2Fclimate-crisis-2030%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723124113/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/23/world/asia/ap-as-asia-heat-wave.html">"Record High in Japan as Heat Wave Grips the Region"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Associated Press. 23 Temmuz 2018. 23 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/23/world/asia/ap-as-asia-heat-wave.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Record+High+in+Japan+as+Heat+Wave+Grips+the+Region&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2018%2F07%2F23%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fap-as-asia-heat-wave.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Ogura, Junko; Regan, Helen (18 Ağustos 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/18/weather/japan-hottest-temperature-record-climate-intl-hnk/index.html">"Japan's heat wave continues, as temperatures equal highest record"</a>. CNN. 20 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120015703/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/18/weather/japan-hottest-temperature-record-climate-intl-hnk/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+heat+wave+continues%2C+as+temperatures+equal+highest+record&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft.aulast=Ogura&rft.aufirst=Junko&rft.au=Regan%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F08%2F18%2Fweather%2Fjapan-hottest-temperature-record-climate-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213035135/http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm">"Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness"</a>. Embassy of Japan in the USA. 13 Şubat 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flora+and+Fauna%3A+Diversity+and+regional+uniqueness&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Japan+in+the+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.us.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fjicc%2Fspotflora.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsunagujapan-105"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-tsunagujapan_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsunagujapan_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Honoca (4 Şubat 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tsunagujapan.com/the-beauty-and-history-of-sakura-japans-national-flower/">"The beauty and history of sakura, Japan's national flower"</a>. <i>Tsunagu Japan</i>. 12 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512095848/https://www.tsunagujapan.com/the-beauty-and-history-of-sakura-japans-national-flower/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tsunagu+Japan&rft.atitle=The+beauty+and+history+of+sakura%2C+Japan%27s+national+flower&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.au=Honoca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsunagujapan.com%2Fthe-beauty-and-history-of-sakura-japans-national-flower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160904123846/https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a158">"Cryptomeria japonica - Plant Finder"</a>. <i>www.missouribotanicalgarden.org</i>. 4 Eylül 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a158">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org&rft.atitle=Cryptomeria+japonica+-+Plant+Finder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.missouribotanicalgarden.org%2FPlantFinder%2FPlantFinderDetails.aspx%3Fkempercode%3Da158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/WildlifePamphlet-EN_151126.pdf">"The Wildlife in Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%87evre_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_(Japonya)" title="Çevre Bakanlığı (Japonya)">Çevre Bakanlığı</a>. Mart 2015. 21 Aralık 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221054522/http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/WildlifePamphlet-EN_151126.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wildlife+in+Japan&rft.pub=%C3%87evre+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fnature%2Fyasei%2Fpamph%2Fpamph01%2FWildlifePamphlet-EN_151126.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakurai2019-108"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Sakurai2019_108-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Sakurai, Ryo (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=68OWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12"><i>Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Japan: From Asia to the World</i></a>. Springer. ss. 12-13. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-981-13-6332-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-981-13-6332-0">978-981-13-6332-0</a>. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235658/https://books.google.com/books?id=68OWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Dimensions+of+Wildlife+Management+in+Japan%3A+From+Asia+to+the+World&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-981-13-6332-0&rft.aulast=Sakurai&rft.aufirst=Ryo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D68OWDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/">"National Parks of Japan"</a>. Çevre Bakanlığı. 15 Şubat 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215223541/http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Parks+of+Japan&rft.pub=%C3%87evre+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fen%2Fnature%2Fnps%2Fpark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramsar.org/wetland/japan">"Japan"</a>. Ramsar. 21 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021083523/https://ramsar.org/wetland/japan">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.pub=Ramsar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramsar.org%2Fwetland%2Fjapan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco1-111"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco1_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco1_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp">"Japan – Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List"</a>. UNESCO. 5 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805220232/http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/JP/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+%E2%80%93+Properties+Inscribed+on+the+World+Heritage+List&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fjp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501085231/http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html">"ja:日本の大気汚染の歴史"</a> [Japonya'da Tarihsel Hava Kirliliği] (Japonca). Çevre Restorasyon ve Koruma Ajansı. 1 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ja%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E6%B1%9A%E6%9F%93%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=%C3%87evre+Restorasyon+ve+Koruma+Ajans%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erca.go.jp%2Ftaiki%2Fhistory%2Fko_syousyu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Sekiyama, Takeshi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216005103/http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf">"Japan's international cooperation for energy efficiency and conservation in Asian region"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Energy Conservation Center. 16 Şubat 2008 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+international+cooperation+for+energy+efficiency+and+conservation+in+Asian+region&rft.pub=Energy+Conservation+Center&rft.aulast=Sekiyama&rft.aufirst=Takeshi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnice.erina.or.jp%2Fen%2Fpdf%2FC-SEKIYAMA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119100506/https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-country-report/JPN">"Environmental Performance Index: Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Yale Üniversitesi">Yale Üniversitesi</a>. 19 Kasım 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-country-report/JPN">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Performance+Index%3A+Japan&rft.pub=Yale+%C3%9Cniversitesi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepi.envirocenter.yale.edu%2Fepi-country-report%2FJPN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUST191967">"Japan sees extra emission cuts to 2020 goal – minister"</a>. Reuters. 24 Haziran 2009. 12 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012011542/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUST191967">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+sees+extra+emission+cuts+to+2020+goal+%E2%80%93+minister&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUST191967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Davidson, Jordan (26 Ekim 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecowatch.com/japan-carbon-neutral-2648499409.html">"Japan Targets Carbon Neutrality by 2050"</a>. <i>Ecowatch</i>. 1 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101101328/https://www.ecowatch.com/japan-carbon-neutral-2648499409.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Targets+Carbon+Neutrality+by+2050&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecowatch.com%2Fjapan-carbon-neutral-2648499409.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/17/2110905.pdf">"Environmental Performance Review of Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. 15 Şubat 2010 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215084051/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/17/2110905.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Performance+Review+of+Japan&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F0%2F17%2F2110905.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euparl-118"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-euparl_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-euparl_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-euparl_118-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI%282020%29651951">"Japan's Parliament and other political institutions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Parlamentosu" title="Avrupa Parlamentosu">Avrupa Parlamentosu</a>. 9 Haziran 2020. 19 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019205439/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2020)651951">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Parliament+and+other+political+institutions&rft.pub=Avrupa+Parlamentosu&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fthinktank%2Fen%2Fdocument.html%3Freference%3DEPRS_BRI%25282020%2529651951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution-119"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214104438/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html">"The Constitution of Japan"</a> (İngilizce). Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. 3 Kasım 1946. 14 Aralık 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+Japan&rft.pub=Prime+Minister+of+Japan+and+His+Cabinet&rft.date=1946-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fconstitution_and_government_of_japan%2Fconstitution_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreaworldtimes.com/topics/news/6198/">"天皇は韓流日王でなく皇帝? いつからエンペラーと扱われ始めたのか"</a>. <i>KoreaWorldTimes</i> (Japonca). 22 Ekim 2019. 4 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704231727/https://www.koreaworldtimes.com/topics/news/6198/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">3 Temmuz</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E3%81%AF%E9%9F%93%E6%B5%81%E6%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%EF%BC%9F+%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%81%A8%E6%89%B1%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E5%A7%8B%E3%82%81%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaworldtimes.com%2Ftopics%2Fnews%2F6198%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/japan-desperate-for-male-heir-to-oldest-monarchy-1339667.html">"Japan desperate for male heir to oldest monarchy"</a>. <i>independent.co.uk</i>. Londra. 1 Mart 1996. 14 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014104848/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/japan-desperate-for-male-heir-to-oldest-monarchy-1339667.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">3 Temmuz</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+desperate+for+male+heir+to+oldest+monarchy&rft.place=Londra&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fjapan-desperate-for-male-heir-to-oldest-monarchy-1339667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sec-122"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-sec_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sec_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sec_122-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sec_122-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/837056/000119312520211213/d477441dex1.htm">"Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Menkul_K%C4%B1ymetler_ve_Borsa_Komisyonu" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Menkul Kıymetler ve Borsa Komisyonu">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Menkul Kıymetler ve Borsa Komisyonu</a>. 6 Ağustos 2020. 6 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106133727/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/837056/000119312520211213/d477441dex1.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.pub=Amerika+Birle%C5%9Fik+Devletleri+Menkul+K%C4%B1ymetler+ve+Borsa+Komisyonu&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F837056%2F000119312520211213%2Fd477441dex1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/07/japan-youth-can-make-difference-new-voting-rights-u-n-envoy/">"Japan Youth Can Make Difference with New Voting Rights: UN Envoy"</a>. UN Envoy on Youth. Temmuz 2016. 28 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028222010/https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/07/japan-youth-can-make-difference-new-voting-rights-u-n-envoy/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Youth+Can+Make+Difference+with+New+Voting+Rights%3A+UN+Envoy&rft.pub=UN+Envoy+on+Youth&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fyouthenvoy%2F2016%2F07%2Fjapan-youth-can-make-difference-new-voting-rights-u-n-envoy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Crespo, José Antonio (Nisan 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-political-science-review_1995-04_16_2/page/199">"The Liberal Democratic Party in Japan: Conservative Domination"</a>. <i>International Political Science Review</i>. <b>16</b> (2). ss. 199-209. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1601459">1601459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Liberal+Democratic+Party+in+Japan%3A+Conservative+Domination&rft.pages=199-209&rft.date=1995-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1601459&rft.aulast=Crespo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-political-science-review_1995-04_16_2%2Fpage%2F199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japans-new-pm-ishiba-set-be-formally-anointed-unveil-cabinet-2024-10-01/">"Japan's Ishiba confirmed as prime minister, set to unveil cabinet"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 1 Ekim 2024. 1 Ekim 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241001082247/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japans-new-pm-ishiba-set-be-formally-anointed-unveil-cabinet-2024-10-01/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">4 Ekim</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Ishiba+confirmed+as+prime+minister%2C+set+to+unveil+cabinet&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fjapans-new-pm-ishiba-set-be-formally-anointed-unveil-cabinet-2024-10-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dean-126"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-dean_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dean_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Dean, Meryll (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lt9jB5CjfRIC"><i>Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials</i></a>. 2nd. Cavendish. ss. 55-58, 131. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-85941-673-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-85941-673-0">978-1-85941-673-0</a>. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235649/https://books.google.com/books?id=lt9jB5CjfRIC">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+legal+system%3A+text%2C+cases+%26+materials&rft.series=2nd&rft.pages=55-58%2C+131&rft.pub=Cavendish&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85941-673-0&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Meryll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlt9jB5CjfRIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Kanamori, Shigenari (1 Ocak 1999). "German influences on Japanese Pre-War Constitution and Civil Code". <i>European Journal of Law and Economics</i>. <b>7</b> (1). ss. 93-95. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1008688209052">10.1023/A:1008688209052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+influences+on+Japanese+Pre-War+Constitution+and+Civil+Code&rft.pages=93-95&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1008688209052&rft.aulast=Kanamori&rft.aufirst=Shigenari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anomalous-constitution-128"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-anomalous-constitution_128-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a05602/the-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html">"The Anomalous Life of the Japanese Constitution"</a>. <i>Nippon.com</i>. 15 Ağustos 2017. 11 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811213143/https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a05602/the-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html">arşivlendi</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Anomalous+Life+of+the+Japanese+Constitution&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fin-depth%2Fa05602%2Fthe-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html">"The Japanese Judicial System"</a>. Başbakanlık Ofisi. Temmuz 1999. 13 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813005215/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Judicial+System&rft.pub=Ba%C5%9Fbakanl%C4%B1k+Ofisi&rft.date=1999-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fjudiciary%2F0620system.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.go.jp/saiban/qa_keizi/qa_keizi_09/index.html">"Who will conduct the investigation?"</a>. Japonya Yüksek Mahkemesi. 2005. 24 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924211451/http://www.courts.go.jp/saiban/qa_keizi/qa_keizi_09/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+will+conduct+the+investigation%3F&rft.pub=Japonya+Y%C3%BCksek+Mahkemesi&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courts.go.jp%2Fsaiban%2Fqa_keizi%2Fqa_keizi_09%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPA1977-2-131"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-NPA1977-2_131-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Ulusal Polis Ajansı Polis Geçmişi Derleme Komitesi (1977). <i>Japan post-war police history</i> (Japonca). Japonya Polis Destek Derneği.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+post-war+police+history&rft.pub=Japonya+Polis+Destek+Derne%C4%9Fi&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Ulusal+Polis+Ajans%C4%B1+Polis+Ge%C3%A7mi%C5%9Fi+Derleme+Komitesi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/image/15_b%20of%20jcg.pdf">"Japan Coast Guard"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Japon_Sahil_G%C3%BCvenlik_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Japon Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatı">Japon Sahil Güvenlik Teşkilatı</a>. 8 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708235951/https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/image/15_b%20of%20jcg.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Coast+Guard&rft.pub=Japon+Sahil+G%C3%BCvenlik+Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaiho.mlit.go.jp%2Fe%2Fimage%2F15_b%2520of%2520jcg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/content/data/homicide/homicide-rate">"Victims of intentional homicide, 1990–2018"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler_Uyu%C5%9Fturucu_ve_Su%C3%A7_Ofisi" title="Birleşmiş Milletler Uyuşturucu ve Suç Ofisi">UNODC</a>. 28 Mart 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220328012947/https://dataunodc.un.org/content/data/homicide/homicide-rate">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victims+of+intentional+homicide%2C+1990%E2%80%932018&rft.pub=UNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fcontent%2Fdata%2Fhomicide%2Fhomicide-rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/kidnapping">"Kidnapping: 2018"</a>. UNODC. 21 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021235926/https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/kidnapping">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kidnapping%3A+2018&rft.pub=UNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fdata%2Fcrime%2Fkidnapping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/sexual-violence">"Sexual violence"</a>. UNODC. 7 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107001709/https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/sexual-violence">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sexual+violence&rft.pub=UNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fdata%2Fcrime%2Fsexual-violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/Robbery">"Robbery: 2018"</a>. UNODC. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111163831/https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/Robbery">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robbery%3A+2018&rft.pub=UNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fdata%2Fcrime%2FRobbery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Mairi McLaren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newthinking.com/culture/why-japan-is-one-of-the-worlds-safest-countries">"Why Japan is One of the World's Safest Countries"</a>. <i>newthinking.com</i>. 21 Nisan 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421142449/https://www.newthinking.com/culture/why-japan-is-one-of-the-worlds-safest-countries">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Nisan</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newthinking.com&rft.atitle=Why+Japan+is+One+of+the+World%E2%80%99s+Safest+Countries&rft.au=Mairi+McLaren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newthinking.com%2Fculture%2Fwhy-japan-is-one-of-the-worlds-safest-countries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2024/01/18/japanese-man-sentenced-to-death-for-2021-crimes-as-minor/">"Japanese man sentenced to death for 2021 crimes as minor"</a>. Free Malaysia Today. 18 Şubat 2024. 21 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121170151/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2024/01/18/japanese-man-sentenced-to-death-for-2021-crimes-as-minor/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+man+sentenced+to+death+for+2021+crimes+as+minor&rft.pub=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.date=2024-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fworld%2F2024%2F01%2F18%2Fjapanese-man-sentenced-to-death-for-2021-crimes-as-minor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ijmeb-139"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-ijmeb_139-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ijmeb_139-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ijmeb_139-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijmeb.org/index.php/zkesbe/article/viewFile/218/167">"Japonya'da yerel yönetimlerin yapısı ve finansmanında yaşanan gelişmeler"</a>. <b>6</b> (11). ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2010. ss. 163-186. 12 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212439/http://www.ijmeb.org/index.php/zkesbe/article/viewFile/218/167">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japonya%27da+yerel+y%C3%B6netimlerin+yap%C4%B1s%C4%B1+ve+finansman%C4%B1nda+ya%C5%9Fanan+geli%C5%9Fmeler&rft.pages=163-186&rft.pub=ZK%C3%9C+Sosyal+Bilimler+Dergisi&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijmeb.org%2Findex.php%2Fzkesbe%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F218%2F167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">McCargo, Duncan (2000). <i>Contemporary Japan</i> (İngilizce). Macmillan. ss. 84-85. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0333710002" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0333710002">0333710002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Japan&rft.pages=84-85&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0333710002&rft.aulast=McCargo&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/regions/">"Regions of Japan"</a>. <i>web-japan.org</i>. 1 Haziran 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601085938/https://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/regions/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web-japan.org&rft.atitle=Regions+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb-japan.org%2Fkidsweb%2Fexplore%2Fregions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2017/html/chapter3/c030105.html">"Japan's Efforts at the United Nations (UN)"</a>. <i>Diplomatic Bluebook 2017</i>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 14 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214051435/https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2017/html/chapter3/c030105.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+Bluebook+2017&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Efforts+at+the+United+Nations+%28UN%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpolicy%2Fother%2Fbluebook%2F2017%2Fhtml%2Fchapter3%2Fc030105.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-terada-143"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-terada_143-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Terada, Takashi (2011). "The United States and East Asian Regionalism". Borthwick, Mark; Yamamoto, Tadashi (Ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/PacificNation/Terada.pdf"><i>A Pacific Nation</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-4-88907-133-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-4-88907-133-7">978-4-88907-133-7</a>. 6 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106123037/https://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/PacificNation/Terada.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+United+States+and+East+Asian+Regionalism&rft.btitle=A+Pacific+Nation&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-4-88907-133-7&rft.aulast=Terada&rft.aufirst=Takashi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcie.org%2Fresearchpdfs%2FPacificNation%2FTerada.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dac/japan.htm">"Statistics from the Development Co-operation Report 2015"</a>. OECD. 23 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123081241/http://www.oecd.org/dac/Japan.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+from+the+Development+Co-operation+Report+2015&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdac%2Fjapan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-global-diplomacy-index-145"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-global-diplomacy-index_145-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Lowy2017" class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html">"Global Diplomacy Index – Country Rank"</a>. <i>Lowy Institute</i>. 1 Şubat 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201012801/http://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">1 Nisan</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowy+Institute&rft.atitle=Global+Diplomacy+Index+%E2%80%93+Country+Rank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org%2Fcountry_rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-relations-146"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-us-relations_146-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-us-relations_146-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-japan/">"US Relations with Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_D%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dışişleri Bakanlığı">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dışişleri Bakanlığı</a>. 21 Ocak 2020. 3 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503135404/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Relations+with+Japan&rft.pub=Amerika+Birle%C5%9Fik+Devletleri+D%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fu-s-relations-with-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak report">Chanlett-Avery, Emma (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17325">Japan, the Indo-Pacific, and the "Quad"</a>. Chicago Council on Global Affairs. 26 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126202238/https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17325">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Japan%2C+the+Indo-Pacific%2C+and+the+%22Quad%22&rft.pub=Chicago+Council+on+Global+Affairs&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Chanlett-Avery&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fresrep17325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Smith, Sheila A. (27 Mayıs 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/quad-indo-pacific-what-know">"The Quad in the Indo-Pacific: What to Know"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i>. 3 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503162143/https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/quad-indo-pacific-what-know">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=The+Quad+in+the+Indo-Pacific%3A+What+to+Know&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Sheila+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fin-brief%2Fquad-indo-pacific-what-know&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-columbia-149"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-columbia_149-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-columbia_149-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/fpdefense/foreign.htm">"Japan's Foreign Relations and Role in the World Today"</a>. <i>Asia for Educators</i>. 9 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109195438/http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/fpdefense/foreign.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 13 Kasım 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+for+Educators&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Foreign+Relations+and+Role+in+the+World+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafe.easia.columbia.edu%2Fjapan%2Fjapanworkbook%2Ffpdefense%2Fforeign.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/russia/territory/index.html">"Japanese Territory, Northern Territories"</a>. <i>mofa.go.jp</i>. <a href="/wiki/D%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_(Japonya)" title="Dışişleri Bakanlığı (Japonya)">Dışişleri Bakanlığı</a>. 4 Nisan 2014. 26 Haziran 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626202149/https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/russia/territory/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mofa.go.jp&rft.atitle=Japanese+Territory%2C+Northern+Territories&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fregion%2Feurope%2Frussia%2Fterritory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-takeshima-151"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-takeshima_151-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/takeshima/index.html">"Japanese Territory, Takeshima"</a>. <i>mofa.go.jp</i>. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. 30 Temmuz 2014. 13 Haziran 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613022420/https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/takeshima/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mofa.go.jp&rft.atitle=Japanese+Territory%2C+Takeshima&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fregion%2Fasia-paci%2Ftakeshima%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/senkaku/index.html">"Japanese Territory, Senkaku Islands"</a>. <i>mofa.go.jp</i>. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. 13 Nisan 2016. 10 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510191735/https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/senkaku/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mofa.go.jp&rft.atitle=Japanese+Territory%2C+Senkaku+Islands&rft.date=2016-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fregion%2Fasia-paci%2Fsenkaku%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Chanlett-Avery, Emma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22845.pdf">"North Korea's Abduction of Japanese Citizens and the Six-Party Talks"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>CRS Report for Congress</i>. Federation of American Scientists. 10 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410000618/https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22845.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CRS+Report+for+Congress&rft.atitle=North+Korea%27s+Abduction+of+Japanese+Citizens+and+the+Six-Party+Talks&rft.aulast=Chanlett-Avery&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRS22845.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GPI-2022-web.pdf">"Global Peace Index 2022"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Institute for Economics & Peace. Haziran 2022. ss. 10-11. 9 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GPI-2022-web.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Peace+Index+2022&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Institute+for+Economics+%26+Peace&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofhumanity.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F06%2FGPI-2022-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=JP">"Military expenditure (% of GDP) – Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Bankas%C4%B1" title="Dünya Bankası">Dünya Bankası</a>. 11 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811211411/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29+%E2%80%93+Japan&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FMS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-2020-156"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_156-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/2304_fs_milex_2022.pdf">"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Stockholm Uluslararası Barış Araştırmaları Enstitüsü. Nisan 2023. 23 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231601/https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/2304_fs_milex_2022.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+World+Military+Expenditure%2C+2022&rft.pub=Stockholm+Uluslararas%C4%B1+Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-04%2F2304_fs_milex_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/japan-constitution/article9.php">"Japan: Article 9 of the Constitution"</a>. Library of Congress. Şubat 2006. 13 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113230055/https://www.loc.gov/law/help/japan-constitution/article9.php">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%3A+Article+9+of+the+Constitution&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Flaw%2Fhelp%2Fjapan-constitution%2Farticle9.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">ChartsBin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chartsbin.com/view/1887">"Military Conscription Policy by Country"</a>. <i>chartsbin.com</i>. 16 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016123751/http://chartsbin.com/view/1887">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">3 Nisan</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chartsbin.com&rft.atitle=Military+Conscription+Policy+by+Country&rft.au=ChartsBin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchartsbin.com%2Fview%2F1887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Teslik, Lee Hudson (13 Nisan 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/japan-and-its-military">"Japan and its military"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193330/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/japan-and-its-military">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+and+its+military&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2006-04-13&rft.aulast=Teslik&rft.aufirst=Lee+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Fjapan-and-its-military&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806203903/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html">"About RIMPAC"</a> (İngilizce). Singapur Hükûmeti. 6 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 12 Ağustos 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+RIMPAC&rft.pub=Singapur+H%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindef.gov.sg%2Fimindef%2Fmindef_websites%2Ftopics%2Fexrimpac%2Fabt_rimpac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227211455/https://www.dw.com/en/japan-to-expand-djibouti-base-despite-decline-in-piracy/a-46356825">"Japan to expand Djibouti base despite decline in piracy"</a>. <i>Dw.com</i> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 19 Kasım 2018. 27 Şubat 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/japan-to-expand-djibouti-base-despite-decline-in-piracy/a-46356825">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+to+expand+Djibouti+base+despite+decline+in+piracy&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fjapan-to-expand-djibouti-base-despite-decline-in-piracy%2Fa-46356825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japan's_Security_Policy-162"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Japan's_Security_Policy_162-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/security/">"Japan's Security Policy"</a>. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. 6 Nisan 2016. 28 Ocak 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132310/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/security/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Security+Policy&rft.pub=D%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpolicy%2Fsecurity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JapanAsia-163"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-JapanAsia_163-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531184828/http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/222467193/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Abe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security">"Abe offers Japan's help in maintaining regional security"</a>. <i>Japan Herald</i>. 30 Mayıs 2014. 31 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/222467193/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Abe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abe+offers+Japan%27s+help+in+maintaining+regional+security&rft.date=2014-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanherald.com%2Findex.php%2Fsid%2F222467193%2Fscat%2Fc4f2dd8ca8c78044%2Fht%2FAbe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Liff, Adam P. (22 Mayıs 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2023/05/22/no-japan-is-not-planning-to-double-its-defense-budget/">"No, Japan is not planning to 'double its defense budget<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. Brookings Institution. 23 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523074432/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2023/05/22/no-japan-is-not-planning-to-double-its-defense-budget/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No%2C+Japan+is+not+planning+to+%27double+its+defense+budget%27&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2023-05-22&rft.aulast=Liff&rft.aufirst=Adam+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fblog%2Forder-from-chaos%2F2023%2F05%2F22%2Fno-japan-is-not-planning-to-double-its-defense-budget%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Yoji, Koda (18 Eylül 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/japan-dealing-with-north-koreas-growing-missile-threat/">"Japan: Dealing with North Korea's Growing Missile Threat"</a>. <i>The Diplomat</i>. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111164739/https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/japan-dealing-with-north-koreas-growing-missile-threat/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%3A+Dealing+with+North+Korea%27s+Growing+Missile+Threat&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft.aulast=Yoji&rft.aufirst=Koda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2020%2F09%2Fjapan-dealing-with-north-koreas-growing-missile-threat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Gale, Alastair; Tsuneoka, Chieko (14 Temmuz 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-china-military-provocations-revival-disputed-islands-pacifism-11594735596">"China Provocations Hasten Japan's Military Revival"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111145238/https://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-china-military-provocations-revival-disputed-islands-pacifism-11594735596">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=China+Provocations+Hasten+Japan%27s+Military+Revival&rft.date=2020-07-14&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft.au=Tsuneoka%2C+Chieko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fjapan-china-military-provocations-revival-disputed-islands-pacifism-11594735596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nikkeiasian-167"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-nikkeiasian_167-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nikkeiasian_167-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asia.nikkei.com/Markets/Equities/Tokyo-Stock-Exchange-ranked-third-in-Asia-in-2014">"Tokyo Stock Exchange ranked third in Asia in 2014"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asian Review</i>. 16 Ocak 2015. 8 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208112614/http://asia.nikkei.com/Markets/Equities/Tokyo-Stock-Exchange-ranked-third-in-Asia-in-2014">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=Tokyo+Stock+Exchange+ranked+third+in+Asia+in+2014&rft.date=2015-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FMarkets%2FEquities%2FTokyo-Stock-Exchange-ranked-third-in-Asia-in-2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Para_Fonu" title="Uluslararası Para Fonu">Uluslararası Para Fonu</a>. 10 Ekim 2023. 21 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240321221602/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Para+Fonu&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D512%2C914%2C612%2C171%2C614%2C311%2C213%2C911%2C314%2C193%2C122%2C912%2C313%2C419%2C513%2C316%2C913%2C124%2C339%2C638%2C514%2C218%2C963%2C616%2C223%2C516%2C918%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C522%2C622%2C156%2C626%2C628%2C228%2C924%2C233%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C238%2C662%2C960%2C423%2C935%2C128%2C611%2C321%2C243%2C248%2C469%2C253%2C642%2C643%2C939%2C734%2C644%2C819%2C172%2C132%2C646%2C648%2C915%2C134%2C652%2C174%2C328%2C258%2C656%2C654%2C336%2C263%2C268%2C532%2C944%2C176%2C534%2C536%2C429%2C433%2C178%2C436%2C136%2C343%2C158%2C439%2C916%2C664%2C826%2C542%2C967%2C443%2C917%2C544%2C941%2C446%2C666%2C668%2C672%2C946%2C137%2C546%2C674%2C676%2C548%2C556%2C678%2C181%2C867%2C682%2C684%2C273%2C868%2C921%2C948%2C943%2C686%2C688%2C518%2C728%2C836%2C558%2C138%2C196%2C278%2C692%2C694%2C962%2C142%2C449%2C564%2C565%2C283%2C853%2C288%2C293%2C566%2C964%2C182%2C359%2C453%2C968%2C922%2C714%2C862%2C135%2C716%2C456%2C722%2C942%2C718%2C724%2C576%2C936%2C961%2C813%2C726%2C199%2C733%2C184%2C524%2C361%2C362%2C364%2C732%2C366%2C144%2C146%2C463%2C528%2C923%2C738%2C578%2C537%2C742%2C866%2C369%2C744%2C186%2C925%2C869%2C746%2C926%2C466%2C112%2C111%2C298%2C927%2C846%2C299%2C582%2C487%2C474%2C754%2C698%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=JP">"Unemployment, total (% of the total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate): Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Bankas%C4%B1" title="Dünya Bankası">Dünya Bankası</a></i>. 31 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731125918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft.atitle=Unemployment%2C+total+%28%25+of+the+total+labor+force%29+%28modeled+ILO+estimate%29%3A+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSL.UEM.TOTL.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Komiya, Kantaro; Kihara, Leiha (31 Ekim 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-confronts-rising-inequality-after-abenomics-2021-10-12/">"Japan confronts rising inequality after Abenomics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 31 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731125918/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-confronts-rising-inequality-after-abenomics-2021-10-12/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Japan+confronts+rising+inequality+after+Abenomics&rft.date=2021-10-31&rft.aulast=Komiya&rft.aufirst=Kantaro&rft.au=Kihara%2C+Leiha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fjapan-confronts-rising-inequality-after-abenomics-2021-10-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Huang, Eustance (2 Temmuz 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/03/japans-middle-class-is-disappearing-as-poverty-rises-warns-economist.html">"Japan's middle class is 'disappearing' as poverty rises, warns economist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. 31 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731125917/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/03/japans-middle-class-is-disappearing-as-poverty-rises-warns-economist.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+middle+class+is+%27disappearing%27+as+poverty+rises%2C+warns+economist&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Eustance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F07%2F03%2Fjapans-middle-class-is-disappearing-as-poverty-rises-warns-economist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">İmrohoroğlu, Selahattin; Kitao, Sagiri; Yamada, Tomoaki (Şubat 2016). "Achieving fiscal balance in Japan". <i>International Economic Review</i>. <b>57</b> (1). ss. 117-154. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/44075341">44075341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Achieving+fiscal+balance+in+Japan&rft.pages=117-154&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44075341&rft.aulast=%C4%B0mrohoro%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Selahattin&rft.au=Kitao%2C+Sagiri&rft.au=Yamada%2C+Tomoaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/monetary-tightening-poses-medium-term-risks-to-japans-debt-dynamics-06-05-2022">"Monetary Tightening Poses Medium-Term Risks to Japan's Debt Dynamics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fitch_Ratings" title="Fitch Ratings">Fitch Ratings</a>. 6 Mayıs 2022. 19 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519084011/https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/monetary-tightening-poses-medium-term-risks-to-japans-debt-dynamics-06-05-2022">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monetary+Tightening+Poses+Medium-Term+Risks+to+Japan%27s+Debt+Dynamics&rft.pub=Fitch+Ratings&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fitchratings.com%2Fresearch%2Fsovereigns%2Fmonetary-tightening-poses-medium-term-risks-to-japans-debt-dynamics-06-05-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=41175">"Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserve"</a>. Uluslararası Para Fonu. 12 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512202858/https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=41175">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Currency+Composition+of+Official+Foreign+Exchange+Reserve&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Para+Fonu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.imf.org%2Fregular.aspx%3Fkey%3D41175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1">"List of importing markets for the product exported by Japan in 2022"</a>. International Trade Centre. 10 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410225438/https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?nvpm=1%7C392%7C%7C%7C%7CTOTAL%7C%7C%7C2%7C1%7C1%7C2%7C1%7C%7C2%7C1%7C1%7C1">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+importing+markets+for+the+product+exported+by+Japan+in+2022&rft.pub=International+Trade+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trademap.org%2FCountry_SelProductCountry.aspx%3Fnvpm%3D1%257c392%257c%257c%257c%257cTOTAL%257c%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c2%257c1%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?nvpm=1%7c392%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1">"List of supplying markets for the product imported by Japan in 2022"</a>. International Trade Centre]. 10 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410225448/https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry.aspx?nvpm=1%7C392%7C%7C%7C%7CTOTAL%7C%7C%7C2%7C1%7C1%7C1%7C1%7C%7C2%7C1%7C1%7C1">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+supplying+markets+for+the+product+imported+by+Japan+in+2022&rft.pub=International+Trade+Centre%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trademap.org%2FCountry_SelProductCountry.aspx%3Fnvpm%3D1%257c392%257c%257c%257c%257cTOTAL%257c%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS?locations=JP">"Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Japan"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 30 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130064945/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS?locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exports+of+goods+and+services+%28%25+of+GDP%29%3A+Japan&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNE.EXP.GNFS.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STATJETRO-178"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-STATJETRO_178-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STATJETRO_178-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STATJETRO_178-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/statistics/">"Japanese Trade and Investment Statistics"</a>. Japonya Dış Ticaret Örgütü. 1 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301094344/https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/statistics/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+Trade+and+Investment+Statistics&rft.pub=Japonya+D%C4%B1%C5%9F+Ticaret+%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jetro.go.jp%2Fen%2Freports%2Fstatistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Emergence of Modern Japan, 1868-1919: Modernization and Industrializationt'</i> <a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi">Kongre Kütüphanesi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fhayashi.fc2web.com/Prescott1/Postscript_2003/hayashi-prescott.pdf">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 22 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722042207/http://fhayashi.fc2web.com/Prescott1/Postscript_2003/hayashi-prescott.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffhayashi.fc2web.com%2FPrescott1%2FPostscript_2003%2Fhayashi-prescott.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Masake, Hisane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061120013846/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/HC02Dh01.html">"A farewell to zero"</a> (İngilizce). Asia Times Online. 20 Kasım 2006 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/HC02Dh01.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+farewell+to+zero&rft.pub=Asia+Times+Online&rft.aulast=Masake&rft.aufirst=Hisane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FJapan%2FHC02Dh01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oecd2008-182"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-oecd2008_182-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101109122744/http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0%2C3343%2Cen_2649_34111_40353553_1_1_1_1%2C00.html">"Economic survey of Japan 2008"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. 9 Kasım 2010 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0,3343,en_2649_34111_40353553_1_1_1_1,00.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+survey+of+Japan+2008&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdocument%2F17%2F0%2C3343%2Cen_2649_34111_40353553_1_1_1_1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/7193984?story_id=7193984">"Japan's Economy: Free at last"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 20 Temmuz 2006. 30 Nisan 2011 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430001614/http://www.economist.com/node/7193984?story_id=7193984">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Economy%3A+Free+at+last&rft.date=2006-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F7193984%3Fstory_id%3D7193984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/publication-files/wcm2018-printx50-227290600.pdf">"The 2018 World Cooperative Monitor: Exploring the Cooperative Economy"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Kooperatifler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Uluslararası Kooperatifler Birliği">Uluslararası Kooperatifler Birliği</a>. Ekim 2018. 2 Şubat 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042643/https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/publication-files/wcm2018-printx50-227290600.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2018+World+Cooperative+Monitor%3A+Exploring+the+Cooperative+Economy&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Kooperatifler+Birli%C4%9Fi&rft.date=2018-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ica.coop%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublication-files%2Fwcm2018-printx50-227290600.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Schwab, Klaus</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf">"The Global Competitiveness Report"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Ekonomik_Forumu" title="Dünya Ekonomik Forumu">Dünya Ekonomik Forumu</a>. 30 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730051309/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Competitiveness+Report&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Ekonomik+Forumu&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Schwab&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FWEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS">"Arable land (% of land area)"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 7 Kasım 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107201125/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arable+land+%28%25+of+land+area%29&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FAG.LND.ARBL.ZS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urbanites_Help_Sustain_Japan's_Historic_Rice_Paddy_Terraces-187"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Urbanites_Help_Sustain_Japan's_Historic_Rice_Paddy_Terraces_187-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Nagata, Akira; Chen, Bixia (22 Mayıs 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/the-people-who-sustain-japans-historic-terraced-rice-fields">"Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces"</a>. <i>Our World</i>. 24 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924164244/http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/the-people-who-sustain-japans-historic-terraced-rice-fields">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World&rft.atitle=Urbanites+Help+Sustain+Japan%27s+Historic+Rice+Paddy+Terraces&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.au=Nagata%2C+Akira&rft.au=Chen%2C+Bixia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourworld.unu.edu%2Fen%2Fthe-people-who-sustain-japans-historic-terraced-rice-fields&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Chen, Hungyen (2018). "The spatial patterns in long-term temporal trends of three major crops' yields in Japan". <i>Plant Production Science</i>. <b>21</b> (3). ss. 177-185. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2018.1459752">10.1080/1343943X.2018.1459752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+spatial+patterns+in+long-term+temporal+trends+of+three+major+crops%27+yields+in+Japan&rft.pages=177-185&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1343943X.2018.1459752&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Hungyen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/751935f0-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/751935f0-en">"Japan: Support to agriculture"</a>. <i>Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation</i>. OECD. 2020. 20 Haziran 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620151745/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/751935f0-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/751935f0-en">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Policy+Monitoring+and+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Japan%3A+Support+to+agriculture&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-ilibrary.org%2Fsites%2F751935f0-en%2Findex.html%3FitemId%3D%2Fcontent%2Fcomponent%2F751935f0-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Nishimura, Karyn (1 Ocak 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/12/31/grown-from-necessity-vertical-farming-takes-off-in-ageing-japan.html">"Grown from necessity: Vertical farming takes off in aging Japan"</a>. <i>The Jakarta Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 5 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205084025/https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/12/31/grown-from-necessity-vertical-farming-takes-off-in-ageing-japan.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Grown+from+necessity%3A+Vertical+farming+takes+off+in+aging+Japan&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.aulast=Nishimura&rft.aufirst=Karyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Flife%2F2019%2F12%2F31%2Fgrown-from-necessity-vertical-farming-takes-off-in-ageing-japan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf">"The state of world fisheries and aquaculture"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2018. 11 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211011147/http://www.fao.org/3/I9540EN/i9540en.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+state+of+world+fisheries+and+aquaculture&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fi9540en%2Fi9540en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">McCurry, Justin (24 Nisan 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/24/japan-criticised-exceed-bluefin-tuna-fishing-quota">"Japan to exceed bluefin tuna quota amid warnings of commercial extinction"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 12 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024926/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/24/japan-criticised-exceed-bluefin-tuna-fishing-quota">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Japan+to+exceed+bluefin+tuna+quota+amid+warnings+of+commercial+extinction&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.aulast=McCurry&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fapr%2F24%2Fjapan-criticised-exceed-bluefin-tuna-fishing-quota&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48821797">"Japan resumes commercial whaling after 30 years"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 Temmuz 2019. 12 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020054/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48821797">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Japan+resumes+commercial+whaling+after+30+years&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-48821797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OICA_Production_Statistics-194"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-OICA_Production_Statistics_194-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OICA_Production_Statistics_194-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/">"Production Statistics"</a>. OICA. 2016. 6 Kasım 2013 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106174001/http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production+Statistics&rft.pub=OICA&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true">"Manufacturing, value added (current US$)"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107135049/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manufacturing%2C+value+added+%28current+US%24%29&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNV.IND.MANF.CD%3Fmost_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asian-links.com/gdp/japan-largest-companies">"Japan's largest companies in 2021"</a>. <i>asian-links.com</i> (İngilizce). 11 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211115858/https://asian-links.com/gdp/japan-largest-companies">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asian-links.com&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+largest+companies+in+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasian-links.com%2Fgdp%2Fjapan-largest-companies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/2022-statistics/">"2022 Production Statistics"</a>. OICA. 8 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408125523/https://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/2022-statistics/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Production+Statistics&rft.pub=OICA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2022-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-26/how-china-is-quietly-dominating-the-global-car-market">"The US Hasn't Noticed That China-Made Cars Are Taking Over the World"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i> (İngilizce). 26 Ocak 2023. 28 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230728230544/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-26/how-china-is-quietly-dominating-the-global-car-market">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+US+Hasn%27t+Noticed+That+China-Made+Cars+Are+Taking+Over+the+World&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-01-26%2Fhow-china-is-quietly-dominating-the-global-car-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Harley, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelharley/2023/05/22/china-overtakes-japan-as-the-worlds-biggest-exporter-of-passenger-cars/">"China Overtakes Japan As The World's Biggest Exporter Of Passenger Cars"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 6 Haziran 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065741/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelharley/2023/05/22/china-overtakes-japan-as-the-worlds-biggest-exporter-of-passenger-cars/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=China+Overtakes+Japan+As+The+World%27s+Biggest+Exporter+Of+Passenger+Cars&rft.aulast=Harley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmichaelharley%2F2023%2F05%2F22%2Fchina-overtakes-japan-as-the-worlds-biggest-exporter-of-passenger-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65643064">"China overtakes Japan as world's top car exporter"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 Mayıs 2023. 14 Kasım 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114000824/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65643064">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+overtakes+Japan+as+world%27s+top+car+exporter&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-65643064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Okada, Mizuki (5 Eylül 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japan-forward.com/japan-targets-to-export-more-ships-revive-global-market-share/">"Japan Targets to Export More Ships, Revive Global Market Share"</a>. <i>Japan Forward</i>. 23 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123140851/https://japan-forward.com/japan-targets-to-export-more-ships-revive-global-market-share/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Forward&rft.atitle=Japan+Targets+to+Export+More+Ships%2C+Revive+Global+Market+Share&rft.date=2020-09-05&rft.aulast=Okada&rft.aufirst=Mizuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapan-forward.com%2Fjapan-targets-to-export-more-ships-revive-global-market-share%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS?locations=JP">"Services, value added (% of GDP)"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 16 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516063109/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS?locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Services%2C+value+added+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNV.SRV.TOTL.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortune_Global_500-203"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Fortune_Global_500_203-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/global500/2020/search/?fg500_country=Japan&non-us-cos-y-n=true">"Fortune Global 500"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(dergi)" title="Fortune (dergi)">Fortune</a></i>. 17 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117130030/https://fortune.com/global500/2020/search/?fg500_country=Japan&non-us-cos-y-n=true">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fortune+Global+500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fglobal500%2F2020%2Fsearch%2F%3Ffg500_country%3DJapan%26non-us-cos-y-n%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/global2000/#2cb352db335d">"The World's Largest Public Companies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. 21 Aralık 2012 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121221222151/http://www.forbes.com/global2000/#2cb352db335d">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Largest+Public+Companies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fglobal2000%2F%232cb352db335d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistics.jnto.go.jp/en/graph/#graph--inbound--travelers--transition">"Trends in the Visitor Arrivals to Japan by Year"</a>. JNTO. 26 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126123636/https://statistics.jnto.go.jp/en/graph/#graph--inbound--travelers--transition">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+the+Visitor+Arrivals+to+Japan+by+Year&rft.pub=JNTO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.jnto.go.jp%2Fen%2Fgraph%2F%23graph--inbound--travelers--transition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTOB-206"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-WTOB_206-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WTOB_206-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5">"Statistical Annex"</a>. <i>UNWTO World Tourism Barometer</i>. <b>18</b> (5). UNWTO. Ağustos-Eylül 2020. s. 18. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5">10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5</a>. 22 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022175109/https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Annex&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=UNWTO&rft.date=2020-08%2F2020-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18111%2Fwtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-unwto.org%2Fdoi%2Fepdf%2F10.18111%2Fwtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Travel_Tourism_Development_2021.pdf">"The Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Dünya Ekonomik Forumu. Mayıs 2022. 3 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703090138/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Travel_Tourism_Development_2021.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Travel+%26+Tourism+Development+Index+2021&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Ekonomik+Forumu&rft.date=2022-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FWEF_Travel_Tourism_Development_2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Habib Ur Rehman (23 Aralık 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/12-most-advanced-countries-science-132342577.html">"12 Most Advanced Countries in Science"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> Finance. 25 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525095715/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/12-most-advanced-countries-science-132342577.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=12+Most+Advanced+Countries+in+Science&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+Finance&rft.date=2022-12-23&rft.au=Habib+Ur+Rehman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2F12-most-advanced-countries-science-132342577.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Habib Ur Rehman (12 Ocak 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/12-countries-produce-best-engineers-153649847.html">"12 Countries That Produce the Best Engineers in the World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> Finance. 25 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525095717/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/12-countries-produce-best-engineers-153649847.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=12+Countries+That+Produce+the+Best+Engineers+in+the+World&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+Finance&rft.date=2023-01-12&rft.au=Habib+Ur+Rehman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2F12-countries-produce-best-engineers-153649847.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01231-w">"The ten leading countries in natural-sciences research"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(dergi)" title="Nature (dergi)">Nature</a>. 20 Nisan 2020. 7 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220407160442/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01231-w">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ten+leading+countries+in+natural-sciences+research&rft.pub=Nature&rft.date=2020-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-020-01231-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html">"Global Innovation Index 2023"</a>. WIPO. 23 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240223001841/https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2023&rft.pub=WIPO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fglobal_innovation_index%2Fen%2F2023%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00388/japan%E2%80%99s-science-and-technology-research-spending-at-new-high.html">"Japan's Science and Technology Research Spending at New High"</a>. <i>Nippon.com</i>. 19 Şubat 2019. 3 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303221423/https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00388/japan%E2%80%99s-science-and-technology-research-spending-at-new-high.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nippon.com&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Science+and+Technology+Research+Spending+at+New+High&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fjapan-data%2Fh00388%2Fjapan%25E2%2580%2599s-science-and-technology-research-spending-at-new-high.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/">"How much does your country invest in R&D?"</a>. UNESCO. 23 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123180417/http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+much+does+your+country+invest+in+R%26D%3F&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuis.unesco.org%2Fapps%2Fvisualisations%2Fresearch-and-development-spending%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/">"All Nobel Prizes"</a>. Nobel Media. 13 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813202249/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Prizes&rft.pub=Nobel+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Flists%2Fall-nobel-prizes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal">"Fields Medal"</a>. Uluslararası Matematik Birliği. 2 Aralık 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202134031/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/fields/prizewinners/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fields+Medal&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Matematik+Birli%C4%9Fi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathunion.org%2Fimu-awards%2Ffields-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Wessling, Brianna (15 Aralık 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.therobotreport.com/10-most-automated-countries-wordlwide-in-2020/">"10 most automated countries worldwide"</a>. <i>The Robot Report</i>. 18 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230818213733/https://www.therobotreport.com/10-most-automated-countries-wordlwide-in-2020/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Robot+Report&rft.atitle=10+most+automated+countries+worldwide&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft.aulast=Wessling&rft.aufirst=Brianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.therobotreport.com%2F10-most-automated-countries-wordlwide-in-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Fujiwara, Hiroshi (17 Aralık 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifr.org/post/why-japan-leads-industrial-robot-production">"Why Japan leads industrial robot production"</a>. Uluslararası Robotik Federasyonu. 12 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112002714/https://ifr.org/post/why-japan-leads-industrial-robot-production">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Japan+leads+industrial+robot+production&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Robotik+Federasyonu&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Fujiwara&rft.aufirst=Hiroshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fifr.org%2Fpost%2Fwhy-japan-leads-industrial-robot-production&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=64">"Science, technology, and innovation: Researchers by sex, per million inhabitants, per thousand labour force, per thousand total employment (FTE and HC)"</a>. UNESCO. 5 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205173957/http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=64">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science%2C+technology%2C+and+innovation%3A+Researchers+by+sex%2C+per+million+inhabitants%2C+per+thousand+labour+force%2C+per+thousand+total+employment+%28FTE+and+HC%29&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.uis.unesco.org%2Findex.aspx%3Fqueryid%3D64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-21992700">"What happened to Japan's electronic giants?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 Nisan 2013. 6 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506160130/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-21992700">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+Japan%27s+electronic+giants%3F&rft.date=2013-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-21992700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Pham, Sherisse (4 Mayıs 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/05/04/technology/japanese-companies-fall-toshiba-olympus-sanyo-sharp/index.html">"How things got ugly for some of Japan's biggest brands"</a>. <i>CNN Money</i>. 4 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204154837/https://money.cnn.com/2017/05/04/technology/japanese-companies-fall-toshiba-olympus-sanyo-sharp/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Money&rft.atitle=How+things+got+ugly+for+some+of+Japan%27s+biggest+brands&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft.aulast=Pham&rft.aufirst=Sherisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F05%2F04%2Ftechnology%2Fjapanese-companies-fall-toshiba-olympus-sanyo-sharp%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Nutt, Christian (19 Haziran 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gamasutra.com/view/news/246644/Japans_game_market_hits_record_high_as_consoles_decline_and_mobile_grows.php">"Japan's game market hits record high as consoles decline and mobile grows"</a>. Gamasutra. 22 Eylül 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922173536/http://gamasutra.com/view/news/246644/Japans_game_market_hits_record_high_as_consoles_decline_and_mobile_grows.php">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+game+market+hits+record+high+as+consoles+decline+and+mobile+grows&rft.pub=Gamasutra&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft.aulast=Nutt&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F246644%2FJapans_game_market_hits_record_high_as_consoles_decline_and_mobile_grows.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-08-02-pc-games-revenue-to-hit-usd42-billion-in-2020-dfc">"PC games revenue to hit $42 billion in 2020 – DFC"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i>. 2 Ağustos 2016. 10 Şubat 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210180401/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-08-02-pc-games-revenue-to-hit-usd42-billion-in-2020-dfc">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=PC+games+revenue+to+hit+%2442+billion+in+2020+%E2%80%93+DFC&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Farticles%2F2016-08-02-pc-games-revenue-to-hit-usd42-billion-in-2020-dfc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Howell, Elizabeth (19 Mayıs 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/22672-japan-aerospace-exploration-agency.html">"JAXA: Japan's Aerospace Exploration Agency"</a>. <i>Space</i>. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111105102/https://www.space.com/22672-japan-aerospace-exploration-agency.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space&rft.atitle=JAXA%3A+Japan%27s+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F22672-japan-aerospace-exploration-agency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321160909/http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html">"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Homepage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Uzay_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_Ajans%C4%B1" title="Japonya Uzay Araştırma Ajansı">Japonya Uzay Araştırma Ajansı</a>. 3 Ağustos 2006. 21 Mart 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency+Homepage&rft.pub=Japonya+Uzay+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma+Ajans%C4%B1&rft.date=2006-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/akatsuki/in-depth/">"Akatsuki"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 12 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112195838/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/akatsuki/in-depth/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akatsuki&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fakatsuki%2Fin-depth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Howell, Elizabeth (7 Nisan 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/japan-robots-build-moon-base.html">"Can Robots Build a Moon Base for Astronauts? Japan Hopes to Find Out"</a>. <i>Space</i>. 7 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107232039/https://www.space.com/japan-robots-build-moon-base.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space&rft.atitle=Can+Robots+Build+a+Moon+Base+for+Astronauts%3F+Japan+Hopes+to+Find+Out&rft.date=2019-04-07&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fjapan-robots-build-moon-base.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010519/http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=15429">"Japan Successfully Launches Lunar Explorer 'Kaguya<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. Japan Corporate News Network. 14 Eylül 2007. 30 Nisan 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=15429">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Successfully+Launches+Lunar+Explorer+%27Kaguya%27&rft.pub=Japan+Corporate+News+Network&rft.date=2007-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japancorp.net%2FArticle.Asp%3FArt_ID%3D15429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6994272.stm">"Japan launches first lunar probe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 Eylül 2007. 11 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511101523/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6994272.stm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+launches+first+lunar+probe&rft.date=2007-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F6994272.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8094863.stm">"Japanese probe crashes into Moon"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 Haziran 2009. 30 Eylül 2009 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930160652/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8094863.stm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+probe+crashes+into+Moon&rft.date=2009-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F8094863.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eu-japan.eu/eubusinessinjapan/procedures/operational-issues/infrastructures-logistics">"Infrastructures & Logistics"</a>. EU-Japan Centre. 25 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525102332/https://www.eu-japan.eu/eubusinessinjapan/procedures/operational-issues/infrastructures-logistics">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Nisan</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Infrastructures+%26+Logistics&rft.pub=EU-Japan+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eu-japan.eu%2Feubusinessinjapan%2Fprocedures%2Foperational-issues%2Finfrastructures-logistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Brinded, Lianna (5 Ekim 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wef-countries-in-the-world-with-the-best-infrastructure-2016-10">"The 21 countries in the world with the best infrastructure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. 25 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525102331/https://www.businessinsider.com/wef-countries-in-the-world-with-the-best-infrastructure-2016-10">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Nisan</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+21+countries+in+the+world+with+the+best+infrastructure&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Brinded&rft.aufirst=Lianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwef-countries-in-the-world-with-the-best-infrastructure-2016-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/03CountryProfiles/Standalone2-pagerprofiles/WEF_GCI_2017_2018_Profile_Japan.pdf">"Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Ekonomik_Forumu" title="Dünya Ekonomik Forumu">Dünya Ekonomik Forumu</a></i>. Küresel Rekabet Edebilirlik Endeksi 2017-2018 baskısı. 24 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124144507/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/03CountryProfiles/Standalone2-pagerprofiles/WEF_GCI_2017_2018_Profile_Japan.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Nisan</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C3%BCnya+Ekonomik+Forumu&rft.atitle=Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FGCR2017-2018%2F03CountryProfiles%2FStandalone2-pagerprofiles%2FWEF_GCI_2017_2018_Profile_Japan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert (10 Ekim 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19893379">"Japan's high-spending legacy"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809172340/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19893379">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">24 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+high-spending+legacy&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft.aulast=Wingfield-Hayes&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-19893379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Shibayama, Takeru (2017). "Japan's transport planning at the national level, natural disasters, and their interplays". <i>European Transport Research Review</i>. <b>9</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-017-0255-7">10.1007/s12544-017-0255-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+transport+planning+at+the+national+level%2C+natural+disasters%2C+and+their+interplays&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12544-017-0255-7&rft.aulast=Shibayama&rft.aufirst=Takeru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Lipscy Phillip Y (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502200435/https://web.stanford.edu/~plipscy/JapanDPJEnergyEfficiency.pdf">"A Casualty of Political Transformation? The Politics of Japanese Energy Efficiency in the Transportation Sector"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of East Asian Studies</i>. Cilt 12. s. 3. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800008080">10.1017/S1598240800008080</a>. 2 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/~plipscy/JapanDPJEnergyEfficiency.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Casualty+of+Political+Transformation%3F+The+Politics+of+Japanese+Energy+Efficiency+in+the+Transportation+Sector&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1598240800008080&rft.au=Lipscy+Phillip+Y&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2F~plipscy%2FJapanDPJEnergyEfficiency.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraptranstats.net/jp">"Transport in Japan"</a> (İngilizce). International Transport Statistics Database. 2 Temmuz 2014 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702172231/http://www.iraptranstats.net/jp">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 17 Şubat 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transport+in+Japan&rft.pub=International+Transport+Statistics+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraptranstats.net%2Fjp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (abone olmak gerekir)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404110226/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/04/04/editorials/privatization-jnr-30-years/">"Privatization of JNR, 30 years on"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 4 Nisan 2017. 4 Nisan 2017 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/04/04/editorials/privatization-jnr-30-years/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Privatization+of+JNR%2C+30+years+on&rft.date=2017-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2017%2F04%2F04%2Feditorials%2Fprivatization-jnr-30-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Sieloff, Sarah (7 Ekim 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008005117/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-10-07/can-japan-s-bullet-trains-get-back-up-to-speed">"Japan's Bullet Trains Are Hitting a Speed Bump"</a>. Bloomberg. 8 Ekim 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-10-07/can-japan-s-bullet-trains-get-back-up-to-speed">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Bullet+Trains+Are+Hitting+a+Speed+Bump&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft.aulast=Sieloff&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2020-10-07%2Fcan-japan-s-bullet-trains-get-back-up-to-speed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Falcus, Matt (22 Nisan 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422235856/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/asia-busiest-airports-2019/index.html">"Asia's 9 busiest airports in 2019"</a>. CNN. 22 Nisan 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/asia-busiest-airports-2019/index.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+9+busiest+airports+in+2019&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.aulast=Falcus&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fasia-busiest-airports-2019%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119000412/https://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports">"Top 50 World Container Ports"</a>. World Shipping Council. 19 Kasım 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+50+World+Container+Ports&rft.pub=World+Shipping+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldshipping.org%2Fabout-the-industry%2Fglobal-trade%2Ftop-50-world-container-ports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006073749/http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/pdf/2021all.pdf#page=93">"Statistical Handbook of Japan 2021"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Japonya İstatistik Bürosu. 6 Ekim 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/pdf/2021all.pdf#page=93">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Handbook+of+Japan+2021&rft.pub=Japonya+%C4%B0statistik+B%C3%BCrosu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fhandbook%2Fpdf%2F2021all.pdf%23page%3D93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Tsukimori, Osamu (5 Mayıs 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuclear-japan-idUSBRE84405820120505">"Japan nuclear power-free as last reactor shuts"</a>. <i>Reuters</i> (İngilizce). 24 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163821/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/05/us-nuclear-japan-idUSBRE84405820120505">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+nuclear+power-free+as+last+reactor+shuts&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft.aulast=Tsukimori&rft.aufirst=Osamu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nuclear-japan-idUSBRE84405820120505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-asia-33858628">"Nuclear power restarted in Japan"</a>. <i>BBC News</i> (İngilizce). 13 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413233012/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-asia-33858628">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+power+restarted+in+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-asia-33858628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609023614/https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsmixed-progress-for-japans-nuclear-plant-restarts-7887062">"Mixed progress for Japan's nuclear plant restarts - Nuclear Engineering International"</a>. <i>www.neimagazine.com</i>. 9 Haziran 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsmixed-progress-for-japans-nuclear-plant-restarts-7887062">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.neimagazine.com&rft.atitle=Mixed+progress+for+Japan%E2%80%99s+nuclear+plant+restarts+-+Nuclear+Engineering+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neimagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsmixed-progress-for-japans-nuclear-plant-restarts-7887062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410013607/https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/A-Review-of-the-Evolution-of-the-Japanese-Oil-Industry-Oil-Policy-and-its-Relationship-with-the-Middle-East-WPM-76.pdf">"A Review of the Evolution of the Japanese Oil Industry, Oil Policy and its Relationship with the Middle East"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. Nisan 2018. 10 Nisan 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/A-Review-of-the-Evolution-of-the-Japanese-Oil-Industry-Oil-Policy-and-its-Relationship-with-the-Middle-East-WPM-76.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Review+of+the+Evolution+of+the+Japanese+Oil+Industry%2C+Oil+Policy+and+its+Relationship+with+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Oxford+Institute+for+Energy+Studies&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordenergy.org%2Fwpcms%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2FA-Review-of-the-Evolution-of-the-Japanese-Oil-Industry-Oil-Policy-and-its-Relationship-with-the-Middle-East-WPM-76.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Kucharski, Jeffrey B.; Unesaki, Hironobu (12 Haziran 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jen/2017/4107614/">"Japan's 2014 Strategic Energy Plan: A Planned Energy System Transition"</a>. <i>Journal of Energy</i> (İngilizce). <b>2017</b>: e4107614. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4107614">10.1155/2017/4107614</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2356-735X">2356-735X</a>. 7 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507015815/https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jen/2017/4107614/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%E2%80%99s+2014+Strategic+Energy+Plan%3A+A+Planned+Energy+System+Transition&rft.pages=e4107614&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2017%2F4107614&rft.issn=2356-735X&rft.aulast=Kucharski&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+B.&rft.au=Unesaki%2C+Hironobu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjen%2F2017%2F4107614%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/dl/3-1a.pdf">"Waterworks Vision Summary"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k,_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_ve_Refah_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Sağlık, Çalışma ve Refah Bakanlığı">Sağlık, Çalışma ve Refah Bakanlığı</a>. Haziran 2004. 6 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006212730/http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/dl/3-1a.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waterworks+Vision+Summary&rft.pub=Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k%2C+%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma+ve+Refah+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhlw.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fpolicy%2Fhealth%2Fwater_supply%2Fdl%2F3-1a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jwwa.or.jp/jigyou/kaigai_file/2017WaterSupplyInJapan.pdf">"Water Supply in Japan 2017"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Japonya Su İşleri Derneği. 16 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116110217/http://www.jwwa.or.jp/jigyou/kaigai_file/2017WaterSupplyInJapan.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Supply+in+Japan+2017&rft.pub=Japonya+Su+%C4%B0%C5%9Fleri+Derne%C4%9Fi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jwwa.or.jp%2Fjigyou%2Fkaigai_file%2F2017WaterSupplyInJapan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-November_2020_population_estimate-249"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-November_2020_population_estimate_249-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html">"Population Estimates Monthly Report November 2020"</a>. Japonya İstatistik Bürosu. 20 Haziran 2019. 5 Nisan 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405030144/https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Estimates+Monthly+Report+November+2020&rft.pub=Japonya+%C4%B0statistik+B%C3%BCrosu&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fjinsui%2Ftsuki%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190711174837/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190710/p2g/00m/0dm/075000c">"Japan population drops by record number to 124.8 mil.: gov't"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">The Mainichi</a></i>. 10 Temmuz 2019. 11 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190710/p2g/00m/0dm/075000c">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mainichi&rft.atitle=Japan+population+drops+by+record+number+to+124.8+mil.%3A+gov%27t&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F20190710%2Fp2g%2F00m%2F0dm%2F075000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUAgeing-251"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-EUAgeing_251-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EUAgeing_251-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EUAgeing_251-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">D'Ambrogio, Enrico (Aralık 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659419/EPRS_BRI(2020)659419_EN.pdf">"Japan's ageing society"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Parlamentosu" title="Avrupa Parlamentosu">Avrupa Parlamentosu</a>. 16 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201216060510/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659419/EPRS_BRI(2020)659419_EN.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+ageing+society&rft.pub=Avrupa+Parlamentosu&rft.date=2020-12&rft.aulast=D%27Ambrogio&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2FRegData%2Fetudes%2FBRIE%2F2020%2F659419%2FEPRS_BRI%282020%29659419_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Yoshida, Reiji (5 Ocak 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/01/05/national/numbers-tell-tale-japans-postwar-rise-fall/">"Numbers tell tale of Japan's postwar rise and fall"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 7 Ocak 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150107180452/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/01/05/national/numbers-tell-tale-japans-postwar-rise-fall/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Numbers+tell+tale+of+Japan%27s+postwar+rise+and+fall&rft.date=2015-01-05&rft.aulast=Yoshida&rft.aufirst=Reiji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2015%2F01%2F05%2Fnational%2Fnumbers-tell-tale-japans-postwar-rise-fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak report">Noriko, Tsuya (Haziran 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702014801/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/api131.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=36147">Low fertility in Japan—no end in sight</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <b>131</b>. East–West Center. ss. 1-4. 2 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/api131.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=36147">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Low+fertility+in+Japan%E2%80%94no+end+in+sight&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=East%E2%80%93West+Center&rft.date=2017-06&rft.aulast=Noriko&rft.aufirst=Tsuya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastwestcenter.org%2Fsystem%2Ftdf%2Fprivate%2Fapi131.pdf%3Ffile%3D1%26type%3Dnode%26id%3D36147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFAgeing-254"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFAgeing_254-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFAgeing_254-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/02/10/na021020-japan-demographic-shift-opens-door-to-reforms">"Japan: Demographic Shift Opens Door to Reforms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Para_Fonu" title="Uluslararası Para Fonu">Uluslararası Para Fonu</a>. 10 Şubat 2020. 12 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212164106/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/02/10/na021020-japan-demographic-shift-opens-door-to-reforms">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%3A+Demographic+Shift+Opens+Door+to+Reforms&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Para+Fonu&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FNews%2FArticles%2F2020%2F02%2F10%2Fna021020-japan-demographic-shift-opens-door-to-reforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walia-255"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Walia_255-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walia_255-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Walia, Simran (19 Kasım 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/11/19/commentary/japan-commentary/economic-challenge-japans-aging-crisis/">"The economic challenge of Japan's aging crisis"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 19 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191119155159/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/11/19/commentary/japan-commentary/economic-challenge-japans-aging-crisis/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+economic+challenge+of+Japan%27s+aging+crisis&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.aulast=Walia&rft.aufirst=Simran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2019%2F11%2F19%2Fcommentary%2Fjapan-commentary%2Feconomic-challenge-japans-aging-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Semuels, Alana (20 Temmuz 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/07/japan-mystery-low-birth-rate/534291/">"The Mystery of Why Japanese People Are Having So Few Babies"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. 20 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720214203/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/07/japan-mystery-low-birth-rate/534291/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Why+Japanese+People+Are+Having+So+Few+Babies&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft.aulast=Semuels&rft.aufirst=Alana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2017%2F07%2Fjapan-mystery-low-birth-rate%2F534291%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Wakatsuki, Yoko; Griffiths, James (7 Mayıs 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/07/health/japan-child-population-record-low-intl/index.html">"Number of children in Japan shrinks to new record low"</a>. CNN. 7 Mayıs 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507083400/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/07/health/japan-child-population-record-low-intl/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+children+in+Japan+shrinks+to+new+record+low&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft.aulast=Wakatsuki&rft.aufirst=Yoko&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F07%2Fhealth%2Fjapan-child-population-record-low-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Lufkin, Bryan (10 Aralık 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20181210-more-seniors-more-foreigners-how-japan-is-rapidly-changing">"More seniors, more foreigners: How Japan is changing"</a>. BBC. 27 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190727073218/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20181210-more-seniors-more-foreigners-how-japan-is-rapidly-changing">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+seniors%2C+more+foreigners%3A+How+Japan+is+changing&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Lufkin&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fworklife%2Farticle%2F20181210-more-seniors-more-foreigners-how-japan-is-rapidly-changing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702124120/https://www.rethinktokyo.com/2019/03/27/new-immigration-visa-rules-japan-foreign-workers">"New immigration rules to stir up Japan's regional rentals scene — if they work"</a>. <i>REthink Tokyo</i>. 27 Mart 2019. 2 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rethinktokyo.com/2019/03/27/new-immigration-visa-rules-japan-foreign-workers">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REthink+Tokyo&rft.atitle=New+immigration+rules+to+stir+up+Japan%27s+regional+rentals+scene+%E2%80%94+if+they+work&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rethinktokyo.com%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2Fnew-immigration-visa-rules-japan-foreign-workers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Burgess, Chris (1 Mart 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apjjf.org/-Chris-Burgess/2389/article.html">"Multicultural Japan? Discourse and the 'Myth' of Homogeneity"</a>. <i>The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus</i>. <b>5</b> (3). 24 Kasım 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124154805/https://apjjf.org/-Chris-Burgess/2389/article.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multicultural+Japan%3F+Discourse+and+the+%27Myth%27+of+Homogeneity&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F-Chris-Burgess%2F2389%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/26/world/asia/japan-fast-facts/index.html">"Japan Fast Facts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 31 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731181706/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/26/world/asia/japan-fast-facts/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Japan+Fast+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F07%2F26%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fjapan-fast-facts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Japanese Archipelago Human Population Genetics Consortium (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2012114">"The history of human populations in the Japanese Archipelago inferred from genome-wide SNP data with a special reference to the Ainu and the Ryukyuan populations"</a>. <i>Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>57</b> (12): 787-795. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2012.114">10.1038/jhg.2012.114</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23135232">23135232</a>. 15 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815093520/https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2012114">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+human+populations+in+the+Japanese+Archipelago+inferred+from+genome-wide+SNP+data+with+a+special+reference+to+the+Ainu+and+the+Ryukyuan+populations&rft.pages=787-795&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fjhg.2012.114&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23135232&rft.au=Japanese+Archipelago+Human+Population+Genetics+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fjhg2012114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Ambrose, Drew; Armont, Rhiona-Jade (13 Haziran 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/06/13/zainichi-being-korean-in-japan/">"Zainichi: Being Korean in Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128055446/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/06/13/zainichi-being-korean-in-japan/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zainichi%3A+Being+Korean+in+Japan&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=Ambrose&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft.au=Armont%2C+Rhiona-Jade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2018%2F06%2F13%2Fzainichi-being-korean-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Chen, Lara Tien-shi (2005). "Chinese in Japan". <i>Encyclopedia of Diasporas</i>. ss. 680-688. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_70">10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_70</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-306-48321-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-306-48321-9">978-0-306-48321-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chinese+in+Japan&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Diasporas&rft.pages=680-688&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-29904-4_70&rft.isbn=978-0-306-48321-9&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Lara+Tien-shi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Seiger, Fiona-Katharina (2019). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Mixed' Japanese-Filipino identities under Japanese multiculturalism". <i>Social Identities</i>. <b>25</b> (3). ss. 392-407. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2018.1499225">10.1080/13504630.2018.1499225</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_Sistemi" title="Handle Sistemi">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/10067%2F1593170151162165141">10067/1593170151162165141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Mixed%27+Japanese-Filipino+identities+under+Japanese+multiculturalism&rft.pages=392-407&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10067%2F1593170151162165141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630.2018.1499225&rft.aulast=Seiger&rft.aufirst=Fiona-Katharina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Tobace, Ewerthon (17 Temmuz 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33114120">"The Brazilians winning in Japan"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090917/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33114120">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Brazilians+winning+in+Japan&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft.aulast=Tobace&rft.aufirst=Ewerthon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-33114120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/people/e00054/">"Peruvians Struggling to Find a Place in Japanese Society"</a>. <i>Nippon.com</i>. 13 Şubat 2014. 13 Şubat 2014 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140213181022/https://www.nippon.com/en/people/e00054/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nippon.com&rft.atitle=Peruvians+Struggling+to+Find+a+Place+in+Japanese+Society&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fpeople%2Fe00054%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34615972">"Japan's hidden caste of untouchables"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 Ekim 2015. 2 Eylül 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220902111214/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34615972">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+hidden+caste+of+untouchables&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-34615972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=JP">"Urban population (% of total population)"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 21 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190121222411/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+population+%28%25+of+total+population%29&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toukei-metro-270"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-toukei-metro_270-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm">"東京都の人口(推計)"</a> [Tokyo nüfusu (tahmini)]. Tokyo Metropoliten Hükûmeti İstatistik Bürosu. 2 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002162446/http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88%E6%8E%A8%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Tokyo+Metropoliten+H%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti+%C4%B0statistik+B%C3%BCrosu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp%2Fjsuikei%2Fjs-index.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_Worlds_Cities-271"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-UN_Worlds_Cities_271-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf">"The World's Cities in 2016"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler" title="Birleşmiş Milletler">Birleşmiş Milletler</a>. 12 Mart 2017. 12 Ocak 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112211410/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Cities+in+2016&rft.pub=Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F+Milletler&rft.date=2017-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2Furbanization%2Fthe_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inoue2007-272"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Inoue2007_272-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Inoue, Kyoko (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ffeE989AWrAC&pg=PA132"><i>MacArthur's Japanese Constitution</i></a>. 2. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. ss. 132-133. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-226-38391-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-226-38391-0">978-0-226-38391-0</a>. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235734/https://books.google.com/books?id=ffeE989AWrAC&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MacArthur%27s+Japanese+Constitution&rft.series=2&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-226-38391-0&rft.aulast=Inoue&rft.aufirst=Kyoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DffeE989AWrAC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">McQuaid, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123023617/http://www.japansociety.org/a_view_of_religion_in_japan">"A View of Religion in Japan"</a>. Japan Society. 23 Ocak 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japansociety.org/a_view_of_religion_in_japan">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+View+of+Religion+in+Japan&rft.pub=Japan+Society&rft.aulast=McQuaid&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japansociety.org%2Fa_view_of_religion_in_japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/opinions/how-religious-are-japanese-people">"How religious are Japanese people?"</a>. <i>Japan Today</i>. 27 Ekim 2013. 23 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223021631/https://japantoday.com/category/features/opinions/how-religious-are-japanese-people">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=How+religious+are+Japanese+people%3F&rft.date=2013-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Ffeatures%2Fopinions%2Fhow-religious-are-japanese-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Cavaliere, Paola (2019). "Women between Religion and Spirituality: Observing Religious Experience in Everyday Japanese Life". <i>Religions</i>. <b>10</b> (6). s. 377. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10060377">10.3390/rel10060377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+between+Religion+and+Spirituality%3A+Observing+Religious+Experience+in+Everyday+Japanese+Life&rft.pages=377&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Frel10060377&rft.aulast=Cavaliere&rft.aufirst=Paola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Shellnutt, Kate (29 Mayıs 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/may/japan-unesco-hidden-christian-persecution-world-heritage.html">"Why Japan Wants Its Past Persecution of Christians to Be World Renowned"</a>. <i>Christianity Today</i>. 3 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143743/https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/may/japan-unesco-hidden-christian-persecution-world-heritage.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christianity+Today&rft.atitle=Why+Japan+Wants+Its+Past+Persecution+of+Christians+to+Be+World+Renowned&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft.aulast=Shellnutt&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fmay%2Fjapan-unesco-hidden-christian-persecution-world-heritage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/hakusho_nenjihokokusho/shukyo_nenkan/pdf/r01nenkan.pdf#page=49"><i>Shūkyō nenkan reiwa gan'nen-ban</i> <bdi lang="ja">宗教年鑑 令和元年版</bdi></a> [<i>2019 Din Yıllığı</i>] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (Japonca). <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_%C4%B0%C5%9Fleri_Ajans%C4%B1" title="Kültür İşleri Ajansı">Kültür İşleri Ajansı</a>. 2019. s. 35. 25 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225124108/https://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/hakusho_nenjihokokusho/shukyo_nenkan/pdf/r01nenkan.pdf#page=49">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sh%C5%ABky%C5%8D+nenkan+reiwa+gan%27nen-ban+%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91+%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%E5%85%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+%C4%B0%C5%9Fleri+Ajans%C4%B1&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunka.go.jp%2Ftokei_hakusho_shuppan%2Fhakusho_nenjihokokusho%2Fshukyo_nenkan%2Fpdf%2Fr01nenkan.pdf%23page%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Kato, Mariko (24 Şubat 2009). "Christianity's long history in the margins". <i>The Japan Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christianity%27s+long+history+in+the+margins&rft.date=2009-02-24&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=Mariko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Blakkarly, Jarni (13 Temmuz 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2016/07/13/issues/shadow-surveillance-looms-japans-muslims/">"Shadow of surveillance looms over Japan's Muslims"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 5 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205035509/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2016/07/13/issues/shadow-surveillance-looms-japans-muslims/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Shadow+of+surveillance+looms+over+Japan%27s+Muslims&rft.date=2016-07-13&rft.aulast=Blakkarly&rft.aufirst=Jarni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcommunity%2F2016%2F07%2F13%2Fissues%2Fshadow-surveillance-looms-japans-muslims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20191128/p2a/00m/0fe/014000c">"No. of Muslims, mosques on the rise in Japan amid some misconceptions, prejudice"</a>. <i>The Mainichi</i>. 29 Kasım 2019. 10 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210235636/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20191128/p2a/00m/0fe/014000c">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No.+of+Muslims%2C+mosques+on+the+rise+in+Japan+amid+some+misconceptions%2C+prejudice&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F20191128%2Fp2a%2F00m%2F0fe%2F014000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/JAPAN-2018-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf">"Japan 2018 International Religious Freedom Report"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dışişleri Bakanlığı. 28 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128074718/https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/JAPAN-2018-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+2018+International+Religious+Freedom+Report&rft.pub=Amerika+Birle%C5%9Fik+Devletleri+D%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F05%2FJAPAN-2018-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LangPolicy-282"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LangPolicy_282-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Fujita-Round, Sachiyo; Maher, John C. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-02344-1_36">"Language Policy and Education in Japan"</a>. McCarty, Teresa L.; May, Stephen (Ed.). <i>Language Policy and Political Issues in Education</i> (3.3seri=Encyclopedia of Language and Education bas.). Springer International Publishing. ss. 491-505. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02344-1_36">10.1007/978-3-319-02344-1_36</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-3-319-02343-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-3-319-02343-4">978-3-319-02343-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+Policy+and+Education+in+Japan&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+and+Political+Issues+in+Education&rft.pages=491-505&rft.edition=3.3seri%3DEncyclopedia+of+Language+and+Education&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-02344-1_36&rft.isbn=978-3-319-02343-4&rft.aulast=Fujita-Round&rft.aufirst=Sachiyo&rft.au=Maher%2C+John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-02344-1_36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Miyagawa, Shigeru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000413210711/http://web.mit.edu/jpnet/articles/JapaneseLanguage.html">"The Japanese Language"</a>. <i>web.mit.edu</i>. 13 Nisan 2000 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/jpnet/articles/JapaneseLanguage.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.mit.edu&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Language&rft.aulast=Miyagawa&rft.aufirst=Shigeru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fjpnet%2Farticles%2FJapaneseLanguage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Anderson, Mark (2019). "Language shift in the Ryukyu Islands". Heinrich, Patrick; Ohara, Yumiko (Ed.). <i>Routledge Handbook of Japanese Sociolinguistics</i>. Routledge. ss. 370-388. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-315-21337-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-315-21337-8">978-1-315-21337-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+shift+in+the+Ryukyu+Islands&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Japanese+Sociolinguistics&rft.pages=370-388&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-315-21337-8&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Fujita-Round, Sachiyo; Maher, John (2017). "Language Policy and Education in Japan". McCarty, T; May, S (Ed.). <i>Language Policy and Political Issues in Education</i>. Springer. ss. 1-15. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02320-5_36-2">10.1007/978-3-319-02320-5_36-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-3-319-02320-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-3-319-02320-5">978-3-319-02320-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+Policy+and+Education+in+Japan&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+and+Political+Issues+in+Education&rft.pages=1-15&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-02320-5_36-2&rft.isbn=978-3-319-02320-5&rft.aulast=Fujita-Round&rft.aufirst=Sachiyo&rft.au=Maher%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Ishihara, Masahide (2016). "Language Revitalization Efforts in the Ryukyus". Ishihara, Masahide; Hoshino, Eiichi; Fujita, Yoko (Ed.). <i>Self-determinable Development of Small Islands</i>. Springer. ss. 67-82. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-981-10-0132-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-981-10-0132-1">978-981-10-0132-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+Revitalization+Efforts+in+the+Ryukyus&rft.btitle=Self-determinable+Development+of+Small+Islands&rft.pages=67-82&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-981-10-0132-1&rft.aulast=Ishihara&rft.aufirst=Masahide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Hudson, Mark (2014). "The ethnohistory and anthropology of 'modern' hunter-gatherers: north Japan (Ainu)". Cummings, Vicki; Jordan, Peter; Zvelebil, Marek (Ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers</i>. Oxford University Press. s. 1058. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-955122-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-955122-4">978-0-19-955122-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+ethnohistory+and+anthropology+of+%27modern%27+hunter-gatherers%3A+north+Japan+%28Ainu%29&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Archaeology+and+Anthropology+of+Hunter-Gatherers&rft.pages=1058&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955122-4&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Efforts underway to save Ainu language and culture<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/20220221p06-07.pdf">"Ainu language special"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. The Japan Times. 21 Şubat 2022. s. 6. 25 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240525095722/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/20220221p06-07.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ainu+language+special&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F02%2F20220221p06-07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">25. harf sırasında bulunan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|bölüm=</code> parametresi line feed character içeriyor (<a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:KB1_hatalar%C4%B1#invisible_char" title="Yardım:KB1 hataları">yardım</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">"The Modernization and Development of Education in Japan". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/english/publications/reports/study/topical/educational/pdf/educational_02.pdf"><i>The History of Japan's Educational Development</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Japonya Uluslararası İşbirliği Ajansı Araştırma Enstitüsü. Mart 2004. s. 23. 5 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105093000/https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/english/publications/reports/study/topical/educational/pdf/educational_02.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Modernization+and+Development+of+Education+in+Japan&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Japan%27s+Educational+Development&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Japonya+Uluslararas%C4%B1+%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi+Ajans%C4%B1+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jica.go.jp%2Fjica-ri%2FIFIC_and_JBICI-Studies%2Fenglish%2Fpublications%2Freports%2Fstudy%2Ftopical%2Feducational%2Fpdf%2Feducational_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713110942/https://ncee.org/country/japan/">"Japan: Learning Systems"</a>. <i>NCEE</i> (İngilizce). 13 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncee.org/country/japan/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCEE&rft.atitle=Japan%3A+Learning+Systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncee.org%2Fcountry%2Fjapan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603190001/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023">"QS World University Rankings 2023: Top Global Universities"</a>. <i>Top Universities</i> (İngilizce). 3 Haziran 2022 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Top+Universities&rft.atitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+2023%3A+Top+Global+Universities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Thomas, Ben (10 Mayıs 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517211757/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/article-expired/">"Article expired"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i> (İngilizce). 17 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/article-expired/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Article+expired&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Farticle-expired%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD_Student_performance-293"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_Student_performance_293-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_Student_performance_293-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193741/https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?plotter=h5&primaryCountry=JPN&treshold=10&topic=PI">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Japonya – Öğrenci performansı (PISA 2015)<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. 11 Kasım 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?plotter=h5&primaryCountry=JPN&treshold=10&topic=PI">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Japonya+%E2%80%93+%C3%96%C4%9Frenci+performans%C4%B1+%28PISA+2015%29%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpseducation.oecd.org%2FCountryProfile%3Fplotter%3Dh5%26primaryCountry%3DJPN%26treshold%3D10%26topic%3DPI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nier.go.jp/kokusai/pisa/pdf/2018/01_point-eng.pdf">"Key Features of OECD Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 (PISA 2018)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Ulusal Eğitim Politikası Araştırma Enstitüsü. s. 2. 9 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509072224/https://www.nier.go.jp/kokusai/pisa/pdf/2018/01_point-eng.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+Features+of+OECD+Programme+for+International+Student+Assessment+2018+%28PISA+2018%29&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Ulusal+E%C4%9Fitim+Politikas%C4%B1+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nier.go.jp%2Fkokusai%2Fpisa%2Fpdf%2F2018%2F01_point-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/PISA2018_CN_JPN.pdf">"PISA – Results in Focus – Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. OECD. 2018. s. 1. 3 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203151025/https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/PISA2018_CN_JPN.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PISA+%E2%80%93+Results+in+Focus+%E2%80%93+Japan&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fpisa%2Fpublications%2FPISA2018_CN_JPN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202163842/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=JP">"Government expenditure on education, total (% of government expenditure) - Japan | Data"</a>. <i>Dünya Bankası</i>. 2 Aralık 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=JP">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft.atitle=Government+expenditure+on+education%2C+total+%28%25+of+government+expenditure%29+-+Japan+%7C+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Semuels, Alana (2 Ağustos 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802185432/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/japan-equal-education-school-cost/535611/">"Japan Might Be What Equality in Education Looks Like"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i> (İngilizce). 2 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/japan-equal-education-school-cost/535611/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Japan+Might+Be+What+Equality+in+Education+Looks+Like&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft.aulast=Semuels&rft.aufirst=Alana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2017%2F08%2Fjapan-equal-education-school-cost%2F535611%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD_GPS_Education-298"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_GPS_Education_298-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_GPS_Education_298-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?plotter=h5&primaryCountry=JPN&treshold=10&topic=EO">"Japan"</a>. OECD. 15 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815110716/https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?plotter=h5&primaryCountry=JPN&treshold=10&topic=EO">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpseducation.oecd.org%2FCountryProfile%3Fplotter%3Dh5%26primaryCountry%3DJPN%26treshold%3D10%26topic%3DEO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027141529/https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/sites/default/files/2019-10/Japan%20-%20Womenomics%20-V3-October%202019.pdf">"Womenomics, Will women help solve Japan's economic problems?"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. 27 Ekim 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/sites/default/files/2019-10/Japan%20-%20Womenomics%20-V3-October%202019.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Womenomics%2C+Will+women+help+solve+Japan%27s+economic+problems%3F&rft.pub=Asia+Pacific+Foundation+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiapacificcurriculum.ca%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-10%2FJapan%2520-%2520Womenomics%2520-V3-October%25202019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ikegami2014-300"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Ikegami2014_300-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Ikegami, Naoki (14 Ekim 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q6m1BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16"><i>Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Japan</i></a>. World Bank Publications. ss. 16-17. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4648-0408-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4648-0408-3">978-1-4648-0408-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Health+Coverage+for+Inclusive+and+Sustainable+Development%3A+Lessons+from+Japan&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=World+Bank+Publications&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4648-0408-3&rft.aulast=Ikegami&rft.aufirst=Naoki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq6m1BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Rodwin, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html">"Health Care in Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="New York Üniversitesi">New York Üniversitesi</a>. 19 Haziran 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619212526/https://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+Care+in+Japan&rft.pub=New+York+%C3%9Cniversitesi&rft.aulast=Rodwin&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fprojects%2Frodwin%2Flessons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=JP">"Current healthcare expenditure (% of GDP): Japan"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 25 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725125322/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+healthcare+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29%3A+Japan&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?end=2020">"Life expectancy at birth, total"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 1 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220501205550/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?end=2020">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+total&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.IN%3Fend%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?Locations=RU&locations=JP">"Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births): Japan"</a>. Dünya Bankası. 25 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725125128/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?Locations=RU&locations=JP">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mortality+rate%2C+infant+%28per+1%2C000+live+births%29%3A+Japan&rft.pub=D%C3%BCnya+Bankas%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.IMRT.IN%3FLocations%3DRU%26locations%3DJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Tsugane, Shoichiro (Temmuz 2020). "Why has Japan become the world's most long-lived country: insights from a food and nutrition perspective". <i>European Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. Cilt 75. ss. 921-928. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0677-5">10.1038/s41430-020-0677-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8189904">8189904</a> $2</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+has+Japan+become+the+world%27s+most+long-lived+country%3A+insights+from+a+food+and+nutrition+perspective&rft.pages=921-928&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8189904&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41430-020-0677-5&rft.aulast=Tsugane&rft.aufirst=Shoichiro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Russell, Roxanne; Metraux, Daniel; Tohen, Mauricio (2017). "Cultural influences on suicide in Japan". <i>Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences</i>. <b>71</b> (1). ss. 2-5. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12428">10.1111/pcn.12428</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487762">27487762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+influences+on+suicide+in+Japan&rft.pages=2-5&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fpcn.12428&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27487762&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Roxanne&rft.au=Metraux%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Tohen%2C+Mauricio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Akter, Shamima; Goto, Atsushi; Mizoue, Tetsuya (2017). "Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japan: A systematic review and meta-analysis". <i>Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>27</b> (12). ss. 553-561. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.12.017">10.1016/j.je.2016.12.017</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5623034">5623034</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716381">28716381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smoking+and+the+risk+of+type+2+diabetes+in+Japan%3A+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.pages=553-561&rft.date=2017&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5623034&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28716381&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.je.2016.12.017&rft.aulast=Akter&rft.aufirst=Shamima&rft.au=Goto%2C+Atsushi&rft.au=Mizoue%2C+Tetsuya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Britnell, Mark (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofperfec0000brit"><i>In Search of the Perfect Health System</i></a>. Palgrave. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofperfec0000brit/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-137-49661-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-137-49661-4">978-1-137-49661-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Perfect+Health+System&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-137-49661-4&rft.aulast=Britnell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofperfec0000brit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haffner-309"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Haffner_309-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Haffner, John; Klett, Tomas; Lehmann, Jean-Pierre (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japansopenfuture0000haff"><i>Japan's Open Future: An Agenda for Global Citizenship</i></a>. Anthem Press. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japansopenfuture0000haff/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-84331-311-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-84331-311-3">978-1-84331-311-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Open+Future%3A+An+Agenda+for+Global+Citizenship&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84331-311-3&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Klett%2C+Tomas&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapansopenfuture0000haff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/index.html">"Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan"</a>. Kültür İşleri Ajansı. 31 Ekim 2002 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021031062304/http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administration+of+Cultural+Affairs+in+Japan&rft.pub=K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+%C4%B0%C5%9Fleri+Ajans%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunka.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2002/jun/01/artsfeatures.features">"The other superpower"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 1 Haziran 2001. 21 Kasım 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121170416/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2002/jun/01/artsfeatures.features">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+other+superpower&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2002%2Fjun%2F01%2Fartsfeatures.features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/01/how-japan-became-a-pop-culture-superpower/">"How Japan became a pop culture superpower"</a>. <i>The Spectator</i>. 31 Ocak 2015. 10 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210190111/https://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/01/how-japan-became-a-pop-culture-superpower/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=How+Japan+became+a+pop+culture+superpower&rft.date=2015-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2015%2F01%2Fhow-japan-became-a-pop-culture-superpower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/07/18/books/pure-invention-jpop-culture/">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Pure Invention': How Japan's pop culture became the 'lingua franca' of the internet"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 18 Temmuz 2020. 14 Aralık 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214054619/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/07/18/books/pure-invention-jpop-culture/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Pure+Invention%27%3A+How+Japan%27s+pop+culture+became+the+%27lingua+franca%27+of+the+internet&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fculture%2F2020%2F07%2F18%2Fbooks%2Fpure-invention-jpop-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1806376/japans-image-has-changed-from-fierce-to-lovable-over-the-decades/amp/">"How Japan's global image morphed from military empire to eccentric pop-culture superpower"</a>. <i>Quartz</i>. 27 Mayıs 2020. 21 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021121139/https://qz.com/1806376/japans-image-has-changed-from-fierce-to-lovable-over-the-decades/amp/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Japan%27s+global+image+morphed+from+military+empire+to+eccentric+pop-culture+superpower&rft.date=2020-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1806376%2Fjapans-image-has-changed-from-fierce-to-lovable-over-the-decades%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-315"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_315-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_315-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC"><i>Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African, and Pacific Art and the London Avant-Garde</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-959369-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-959369-9">978-0-19-959369-9</a>. 22 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422114140/https://books.google.com/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">9 Temmuz</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism+and+the+Museum%3A+Asian%2C+African%2C+and+Pacific+Art+and+the+London+Avant-Garde&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959369-9&rft.aulast=Arrowsmith&rft.aufirst=Rupert+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMIBNXScRj3QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Locher, Mira (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njnRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT26"><i>Traditional Japanese Architecture: An Exploration of Elements and Forms</i></a>. Tuttle Publishing. ss. 26–27. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4629-0606-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4629-0606-2">978-1-4629-0606-2</a>. 8 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408203716/https://books.google.com/books?id=njnRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT26">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">9 Temmuz</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Japanese+Architecture%3A+An+Exploration+of+Elements+and+Forms&rft.pages=26-27&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4629-0606-2&rft.aulast=Locher&rft.aufirst=Mira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnjnRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Tange, Kenzo; Kawazoe, Noboru (1965). <i>Ise: Prototype of Japanese Architecture</i>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ise%3A+Prototype+of+Japanese+Architecture&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Tange&rft.aufirst=Kenzo&rft.au=Kawazoe%2C+Noboru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Kazuo, Nishi; Kazuo, Hozumi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oZl_yEJGtUYC"><i>What is Japanese Architecture?: A Survey of Traditional Japanese Architecture with a List of Sites and a Map</i></a>. Kodansha. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-4-7700-1992-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-4-7700-1992-9">978-4-7700-1992-9</a>. 22 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422114123/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZl_yEJGtUYC">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">9 Temmuz</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Japanese+Architecture%3F%3A+A+Survey+of+Traditional+Japanese+Architecture+with+a+List+of+Sites+and+a+Map&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-4-7700-1992-9&rft.au=Kazuo%2C+Nishi&rft.au=Kazuo%2C+Hozumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZl_yEJGtUYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Abe, K (May 1954). "Early Western Architecture in Japan". <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 13–18. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/987685">10.2307/987685</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/987685">987685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Western+Architecture+in+Japan&rft.pages=13-18&rft.date=1954-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F987685&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F987685&rft.aulast=Abe&rft.aufirst=K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Inagaki, Aizo (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211153036/https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000043440">"Japan"</a>. <i>Oxford Art Online</i>. Modern: Meiji and after. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T043440">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T043440</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-884446-05-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-884446-05-4">978-1-884446-05-4</a>. 11 Şubat 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000043440">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Art+Online&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.T043440&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-05-4&rft.aulast=Inagaki&rft.aufirst=Aizo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fgroveart%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.001.0001%2Foao-9781884446054-e-7000043440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Keene, Donald (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_DEwTJq3TbcC"><i>Seeds in the Heart: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-231-11441-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-231-11441-7">978-0-231-11441-7</a>. 15 Eylül 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230915170124/https://books.google.com/books?id=_DEwTJq3TbcC">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeds+in+the+Heart%3A+Japanese+Literature+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Late+Sixteenth+Century&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11441-7&rft.au=Keene%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_DEwTJq3TbcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116015033/http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm">"Asian Studies Conference, Japan (2000)"</a>. Meiji Gakuin Üniversitesi. 16 Ocak 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+Studies+Conference%2C+Japan+%282000%29&rft.pub=Meiji+Gakuin+%C3%9Cniversitesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meijigakuin.ac.jp%2F~ascj%2F2000%2F200015.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/heia/hd_heia.htm">"Heian Period (794–1185)"</a>. The Met. Ekim 2002. 23 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123235743/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/heia/hd_heia.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">24 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heian+Period+%28794%E2%80%931185%29&rft.pub=The+Met&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fheia%2Fhd_heia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calisphere.org/item/35b0ea2b3cd767b5ae9e0df7b07f43db/">"Tale of the bamboo cutter"</a>. <i>Calisphere</i>. 27 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527071341/https://calisphere.org/item/35b0ea2b3cd767b5ae9e0df7b07f43db/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Calisphere&rft.atitle=Tale+of+the+bamboo+cutter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalisphere.org%2Fitem%2F35b0ea2b3cd767b5ae9e0df7b07f43db%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Totman, Conrad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ"><i>A History of Japan</i></a> (2.2yıl=2005 bas.). Blackwell. ss. 126-127. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4051-2359-4">978-1-4051-2359-4</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111039/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=126-127&rft.edition=2.2y%C4%B1l%3D2005&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Royall, Tyler, (Ed.) (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIUvc9FnZ5AC"><i>The Tale of Genji</i></a>. Penguin Classics. ss. i-ii, xii. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-14-243714-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-14-243714-8">978-0-14-243714-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tale+of+Genji&rft.pages=i-ii%2C+xii&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-243714-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAIUvc9FnZ5AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Keene, Donald (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gwQTF-9axqoC"><i>World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era, 1600–1867</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-231-11467-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-231-11467-7">978-0-231-11467-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Within+Walls%3A+Japanese+Literature+of+the+Pre-Modern+Era%2C+1600%E2%80%931867&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11467-7&rft.au=Keene%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgwQTF-9axqoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Keene, Donald. "Japanese literature". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+literature&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japanese_Confucian_Philosophy-329"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Japanese_Confucian_Philosophy_329-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/japanese-confucian/">"Japanese Confucian Philosophy"</a>. <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. 20 Mayıs 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+Confucian+Philosophy&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2008-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fjapanese-confucian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Parkes, Graham (1 Ocak 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/japanese-aesthetics/">"Japanese aesthetics"</a>. Zalta, Edward N. (Ed.). <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+aesthetics&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.aulast=Parkes&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fwin2011%2Fentries%2Fjapanese-aesthetics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Malm, William P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traditionaljapan0000malm/page/31"><i>Traditional Japanese music and musical instruments</i></a> (New bas.). Kodansha International. ss. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traditionaljapan0000malm/page/31">31-45</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-4-7700-2395-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-4-7700-2395-7">978-4-7700-2395-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Japanese+music+and+musical+instruments&rft.pages=31-45&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Kodansha+International&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-4-7700-2395-7&rft.aulast=Malm&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraditionaljapan0000malm%2Fpage%2F31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Lo, Patrick (2016). "Katsu Watanabe, Akane Oki, and Yasushi Ishii, Librarians of the NHK Symphony Orchestra, Tokyo". <i>Conversations with the World's Leading Orchestra and Opera Librarians</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. ss. 156-167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Katsu+Watanabe%2C+Akane+Oki%2C+and+Yasushi+Ishii%2C+Librarians+of+the+NHK+Symphony+Orchestra%2C+Tokyo&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+the+World%27s+Leading+Orchestra+and+Opera+Librarians&rft.pages=156-167&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Lo&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordtaiko/cgi-bin/history.html">"History of Taiko"</a>. Stanford Taiko. 5 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305223939/https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordtaiko/cgi-bin/history.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Taiko&rft.pub=Stanford+Taiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fstanfordtaiko%2Fcgi-bin%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Campion, Chris (22 Ağustos 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/aug/21/popandrock3">"J-Pop History"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. 14 Haziran 2013 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614000713/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/aug/21/popandrock3">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">24 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J-Pop+History&rft.date=2005-08-22&rft.aulast=Campion&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2005%2Faug%2F21%2Fpopandrock3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Caracciolo, Frankie (18 Eylül 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/karaoke-in-japan">"What Karaoke Means to the Country That Invented It"</a>. <i>Thrillist</i>. 23 Eylül 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923083832/https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/karaoke-in-japan">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thrillist&rft.atitle=What+Karaoke+Means+to+the+Country+That+Invented+It&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft.aulast=Caracciolo&rft.aufirst=Frankie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thrillist.com%2Ftravel%2Fnation%2Fkaraoke-in-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/art/traditional-japanese-theatre-overview">"Traditional Japanese theatre: overview"</a>. <i>Time Out Tokyo</i>. 27 Eylül 2009. 1 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001153944/https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/art/traditional-japanese-theatre-overview">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out+Tokyo&rft.atitle=Traditional+Japanese+theatre%3A+overview&rft.date=2009-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Ftokyo%2Fart%2Ftraditional-japanese-theatre-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Nakamura, Akemi (8 Nisan 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713203247/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080408i1.html">"National holidays trace roots to China, ancients, harvests"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 13 Temmuz 2009 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080408i1.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+holidays+trace+roots+to+China%2C+ancients%2C+harvests&rft.date=2008-04-08&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Akemi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnn20080408i1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Hindell, Juliet (10 Ocak 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/596910.stm">"Happy Monday in Japan"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/596910.stm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Happy+Monday+in+Japan&rft.date=2000-01-10&rft.aulast=Hindell&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F596910.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00738/">"Japan's National Holidays in 2021"</a>. <i>Nippon.com</i>. 10 Haziran 2020. 19 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119164946/https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00738/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nippon.com&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+National+Holidays+in+2021&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fjapan-data%2Fh00738%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/yama-hoko-yatai-festivals-de-chars-au-japon-01059">"Yama, hoko, yatai, festivals de chars au Japon"</a>. <i>ich.unesco.org</i> (Fransızca). UNESCO. 4 Haziran 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604115640/https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/yama-hoko-yatai-festivals-de-chars-au-japon-01059">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">29 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ich.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Yama%2C+hoko%2C+yatai%2C+festivals+de+chars+au+Japon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Ffr%2FRL%2Fyama-hoko-yatai-festivals-de-chars-au-japon-01059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2282.html">"Golden Week"</a>. <i>japan-guide.com</i>. 19 Ekim 2000 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001019215850/http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2282.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">29 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=japan-guide.com&rft.atitle=Golden+Week&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japan-guide.com%2Fe%2Fe2282.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h10010/">"Customs, Festivals, and Observances: The Japanese Year"</a>. <i>Nippon.com</i>. 16 Temmuz 2014. 29 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329194353/https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h10010/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">29 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nippon.com&rft.atitle=Customs%2C+Festivals%2C+and+Observances%3A+The+Japanese+Year&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Ffeatures%2Fh10010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frommers.com/destinations/japan/in-depth/food--drink">"Food & Drink in Japan"</a>. Frommer's. 27 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127114557/https://www.frommers.com/destinations/japan/in-depth/food--drink">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 1 Aralık 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+%26+Drink+in+Japan&rft.pub=Frommer%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fjapan%2Fin-depth%2Ffood--drink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">von Bargen, Hinnerk (2015). <i>Street Foods</i>. Wiley. s. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Street+Foods&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=von+Bargen&rft.aufirst=Hinnerk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Makalintal, Bettina (11 Şubat 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/nepjbw/a-brief-history-of-how-curry-ended-up-in-japan">"A brief history of how curry ended up in Japan"</a>. <i>Vice</i>. 5 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305223529/https://www.vice.com/en/article/nepjbw/a-brief-history-of-how-curry-ended-up-in-japan">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+how+curry+ended+up+in+Japan&rft.date=2018-02-11&rft.aulast=Makalintal&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fnepjbw%2Fa-brief-history-of-how-curry-ended-up-in-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">McCurry, Justin (18 Haziran 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/18/ramen-japan-national-dish">"Ramen: Japan's super slurpy noodles"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 19 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019052824/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/18/ramen-japan-national-dish">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ramen%3A+Japan%27s+super+slurpy+noodles&rft.date=2010-06-18&rft.aulast=McCurry&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fjun%2F18%2Framen-japan-national-dish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldstein2015-347"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein2015_347-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Goldstein, Darra (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jbi6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA777"><i>The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets</i></a>. Oxford University Press. ss. 777-. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-931339-6" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-931339-6">978-0-19-931339-6</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111649/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbi6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA777#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Sugar+and+Sweets&rft.pages=777-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-931339-6&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Darra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djbi6BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FujitaStallings2008-348"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FujitaStallings2008_348-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Fujita, Hiroko; Stallings, Fran (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p7nNJAt75XQC&pg=PAPA148"><i>Folktales from the Japanese Countryside</i></a>. Libraries Unlimited. ss. 148-. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-59158-488-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-59158-488-9">978-1-59158-488-9</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111645/https://books.google.com/books?id=p7nNJAt75XQC&pg=PAPA148">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folktales+from+the+Japanese+Countryside&rft.pages=148-&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59158-488-9&rft.aulast=Fujita&rft.aufirst=Hiroko&rft.au=Stallings%2C+Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp7nNJAt75XQC%26pg%3DPAPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batt2014-349"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Batt2014_349-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Batt, Carl A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1b1CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA846"><i>Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology</i></a>. Academic Press. ss. 846-. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-12-384733-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-12-384733-1">978-0-12-384733-1</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111558/https://books.google.com/books?id=1b1CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA846#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.pages=846-&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-12-384733-1&rft.aulast=Batt&rft.aufirst=Carl+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1b1CAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoultonQuain2013-350"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-BoultonQuain2013_350-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Boulton, Christopher; Quain, David (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QpDVsu-vaBcC&pg=PAPT20"><i>Brewing Yeast and Fermentation</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. s. 20. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-118-68534-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-118-68534-1">978-1-118-68534-1</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111651/https://books.google.com/books?id=QpDVsu-vaBcC&pg=PAPT20#v=onepage&q&f=false">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brewing+Yeast+and+Fermentation&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-118-68534-1&rft.aulast=Boulton&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Quain%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQpDVsu-vaBcC%26pg%3DPAPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Hosking, Richard (1995). <i>A Dictionary of Japanese Food - Ingredients and Culture</i>. Tuttle. s. 30. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-8048-2042-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-8048-2042-2">0-8048-2042-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Japanese+Food+-+Ingredients+and+Culture&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8048-2042-2&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-michelin20101124-352"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-michelin20101124_352-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/">"「ミシュランガイド東京・横浜・鎌倉2011」を発行 三つ星が14軒、 二つ星が54軒、一つ星が198軒に"</a> (Japonca). Michelin Japan. 24 Kasım 2010. 6 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106105512/http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">19 Ekim</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%BB%E6%A8%AA%E6%B5%9C%E3%83%BB%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%892011%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%8C%26%23x3000%3B%E4%B8%89%E3%81%A4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%8C14%E8%BB%92%E3%80%81+%E4%BA%8C%E3%81%A4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%8C54%E8%BB%92%E3%80%81%E4%B8%80%E3%81%A4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%8C198%E8%BB%92%E3%81%AB&rft.pub=Michelin+Japan&rft.date=2010-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb-cache.stream.ne.jp%2Fwww09%2Fmichelin%2Fguide%2Ftokyo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/english/reports/pdf/report_16042101.pdf">"Television Viewing and Media Use Today: From "The Japanese and Television 2015" Survey"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute. Nisan 2016. 29 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329151957/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/english/reports/pdf/report_16042101.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Television+Viewing+and+Media+Use+Today%3A+From+%22The+Japanese+and+Television+2015%22+Survey&rft.pub=NHK+Broadcasting+Culture+Research+Institute&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fbunken%2Fenglish%2Freports%2Fpdf%2Freport_16042101.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Iwabuchi, Koichi, (Ed.) (2004). <i>Feeling Asian Modernities: Transnational Consumption of Japanese TV Dramas</i>. Hong Kong University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/9789622096318" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/9789622096318">9789622096318</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jc5b9">j.ctt2jc5b9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feeling+Asian+Modernities%3A+Transnational+Consumption+of+Japanese+TV+Dramas&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt2jc5b9&rft.isbn=9789622096318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/what-are-the-most-popular-japanese-tv-shows">"What are the most popular Japanese TV shows?"</a>. <i>Japan Today</i>. 8 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108125415/https://japantoday.com/category/entertainment/what-are-the-most-popular-japanese-tv-shows">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=What+are+the+most+popular+Japanese+TV+shows%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fentertainment%2Fwhat-are-the-most-popular-japanese-tv-shows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724194049/http://anp.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/WAN-IFRA_WPT_2016_3.pdf">"World Press Trends 2016"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. WAN-IFRA. 24 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anp.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/WAN-IFRA_WPT_2016_3.pdf">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">16 Ocak</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Press+Trends+2016&rft.pub=WAN-IFRA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanp.cl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2FWAN-IFRA_WPT_2016_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Sharp, Jasper (2011). <i>Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema</i>. Scarecrow Press. s. xi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Japanese+Cinema&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Ingoglia, Jesse (21 Mayıs 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/05/21/godzilla">"Godzilla: monster, metaphor, pop icon"</a>. New York Public Library. 18 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718115611/https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/05/21/godzilla">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Godzilla%3A+monster%2C+metaphor%2C+pop+icon&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft.date=2014-05-21&rft.aulast=Ingoglia&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F05%2F21%2Fgodzilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Kalat, David (2017). "Introduction". <i>A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series</i> (2.2 bas.). McFarland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=A+Critical+History+and+Filmography+of+Toho%27s+Godzilla+Series&rft.edition=2.2&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kalat&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rutgers.edu/news/why-are-manga-outselling-superhero-comics">"Why are manga outselling superhero comics?"</a>. <i>Rutgers Today</i>. 5 Aralık 2019. 14 Kasım 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114025433/https://www.rutgers.edu/news/why-are-manga-outselling-superhero-comics">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+are+manga+outselling+superhero+comics%3F&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rutgers.edu%2Fnews%2Fwhy-are-manga-outselling-superhero-comics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Hu, Tze-Yue (2010). "Miyazaki and Takahata anime cinema". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/framesofanimecul0000hutz"><i>Frames of Anime: culture and image-building</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. ss. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/framesofanimecul0000hutz/page/105">105</a>-136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Miyazaki+and+Takahata+anime+cinema&rft.btitle=Frames+of+Anime%3A+culture+and+image-building&rft.pages=105-136&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Tze-Yue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fframesofanimecul0000hutz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/japan-anime-global-identity-hnk-intl/index.html">"Japanese anime: From 'Disney of the East' to a global industry worth billions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 19 Temmuz 2019. 7 Şubat 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207140801/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/japan-anime-global-identity-hnk-intl/index.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Japanese+anime%3A+From+%27Disney+of+the+East%27+to+a+global+industry+worth+billions&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fstyle%2Farticle%2Fjapan-anime-global-identity-hnk-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html">"Sumo: East and West"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. 22 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080743/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">19 Ekim</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sumo%3A+East+and+West&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Findependentlens%2Fsumoeastandwest%2Fsumo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Aoki, Mizuho (24 Nisan 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/04/24/reference/prewar-bayonetting-martial-art-makes-return-schools/">"Prewar bayonetting martial art makes a return to schools"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 30 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730070944/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/04/24/reference/prewar-bayonetting-martial-art-makes-return-schools/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Prewar+bayonetting+martial+art+makes+a+return+to+schools&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.aulast=Aoki&rft.aufirst=Mizuho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2Freference%2Fprewar-bayonetting-martial-art-makes-return-schools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317192109/http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports">"Culture and Daily Life"</a>. Embassy of Japan in the UK. 17 Mart 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">19 Ekim</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Daily+Life&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Japan+in+the+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uk.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fen%2Ffacts%2Fculture_dailylife.html%23sports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Adler, David (21 Şubat 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/featured/japan-baseball-history">"History of baseball in Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>. 20 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320003802/https://www.mlb.com/news/featured/japan-baseball-history">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+baseball+in+Japan&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft.date=2023-02-21&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatured%2Fjapan-baseball-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Nagata, Yoichi; Holway, John B. "Japanese Baseball". Palmer, Pete (Ed.). <i>Total Baseball</i> (4.4yıl=1995 bas.). Viking Press. s. 547.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+Baseball&rft.btitle=Total+Baseball&rft.pages=547&rft.edition=4.4y%C4%B1l%3D1995&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.au=Nagata%2C+Yoichi&rft.au=Holway%2C+John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf">"Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. The Japan Forum. 17 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200517201500/https://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soccer+as+a+Popular+Sport%3A+Putting+Down+Roots+in+Japan&rft.pub=The+Japan+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tjf.or.jp%2Ftakarabako%2FPDF%2FTB09_JCN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Reineking, Jim (25 Mayıs 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2018/05/24/every-fifa-world-cup-winner-germany-brazil-italy/540978002/">"Every FIFA World Cup champion: Brazil, Germany, Italy historically dominate tournament"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. 11 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711033459/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2018/05/24/every-fifa-world-cup-winner-germany-brazil-italy/540978002/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Every+FIFA+World+Cup+champion%3A+Brazil%2C+Germany%2C+Italy+historically+dominate+tournament&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft.aulast=Reineking&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2Fworldcup%2F2018%2F05%2F24%2Fevery-fifa-world-cup-winner-germany-brazil-italy%2F540978002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125085954/http://www.afcasiancup.com/team/en/Japan">"Team Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asya_Futbol_Konfederasyonu" title="Asya Futbol Konfederasyonu">Asya Futbol Konfederasyonu</a>. 25 Ocak 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afcasiancup.com/team/en/Japan">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Team+Japan&rft.pub=Asya+Futbol+Konfederasyonu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afcasiancup.com%2Fteam%2Fen%2FJapan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718121005/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html">"Japan edge USA for maiden title"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. 17 Temmuz 2011. 18 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+edge+USA+for+maiden+title&rft.pub=FIFA&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fwomensworldcup%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D255989%2Fmatch%3D300144437%2Fsummary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japaninsider.com/why-more-young-people-in-japan-are-starting-to-play-golf/">"Why More Young People in Japan are Starting to Play Golf"</a>. <i>Japan Insider</i>. 18 Ağustos 2021. 21 Nisan 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421144436/https://japaninsider.com/why-more-young-people-in-japan-are-starting-to-play-golf/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">21 Nisan</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Insider&rft.atitle=Why+More+Young+People+in+Japan+are+Starting+to+Play+Golf&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapaninsider.com%2Fwhy-more-young-people-in-japan-are-starting-to-play-golf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Varcoe, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215517/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/604/sports.asp">"Japanese Golf Gets Friendly"</a>. <i>Metropolis</i>. 26 Eylül 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/604/sports.asp">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolis&rft.atitle=Japanese+Golf+Gets+Friendly&rft.aulast=Varcoe&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetropolis.co.jp%2Ftokyo%2F604%2Fsports.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213075303/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2021121200336/">"Honda Wins F1 Championship in Its Final Season"</a>. <i>nippon.com</i>. 13 Aralık 2021. 13 Aralık 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2021121200336/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nippon.com&rft.atitle=Honda+Wins+F1+Championship+in+Its+Final+Season&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fyjj2021121200336%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrc.com/en/more/wrc-history/group-a/">"Group A"</a>. World Rally Championship. 7 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107231954/https://www.wrc.com/en/more/wrc-history/group-a/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+A&rft.pub=World+Rally+Championship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrc.com%2Fen%2Fmore%2Fwrc-history%2Fgroup-a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Sports, Dorna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2017/10/11/japanese-industry-in-motogp/241690">"Japanese industry in MotoGP"</a>. <i>MotoGP</i>. 27 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827152343/https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2017/10/11/japanese-industry-in-motogp/241690">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MotoGP&rft.atitle=Japanese+industry+in+MotoGP&rft.aulast=Sports&rft.aufirst=Dorna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motogp.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2017%2F10%2F11%2Fjapanese-industry-in-motogp%2F241690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Nagatsuka, Kaz (14 Haziran 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/06/14/more-sports/auto-racing/sato-revels-glow-historic-indy-500-triumph/">"Sato revels in glow of historic Indy 500 triumph"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 17 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817181400/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/06/14/more-sports/auto-racing/sato-revels-glow-historic-indy-500-triumph/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sato+revels+in+glow+of+historic+Indy+500+triumph&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.aulast=Nagatsuka&rft.aufirst=Kaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fsports%2F2017%2F06%2F14%2Fmore-sports%2Fauto-racing%2Fsato-revels-glow-historic-indy-500-triumph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Newbold, James (7 Haziran 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autosport.com/general/news/the-man-behind-japans-only-le-mans-winner-5110896/5110896/">"The man behind Japan's only Le Mans winner"</a>. <i>Autosport</i>. 15 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070810/https://www.autosport.com/general/news/the-man-behind-japans-only-le-mans-winner-5110896/5110896/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autosport&rft.atitle=The+man+behind+Japan%27s+only+Le+Mans+winner&rft.date=2018-06-07&rft.aulast=Newbold&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autosport.com%2Fgeneral%2Fnews%2Fthe-man-behind-japans-only-le-mans-winner-5110896%2F5110896%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Clarke, Len. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215524/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/623/sports.asp">"Japanese Omnibus: Sports"</a>. <i>Metropolis</i>. 26 Eylül 2007 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/623/sports.asp">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolis&rft.atitle=Japanese+Omnibus%3A+Sports&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetropolis.co.jp%2Ftokyo%2F623%2Fsports.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2018/04/for-the-love-of-cars-auto-racing-in-japan/">"For the Love of Cars: Auto Racing in Japan"</a>. <i>Tokyo Weekender</i>. 18 Nisan 2018. 15 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070822/https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2018/04/for-the-love-of-cars-auto-racing-in-japan/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tokyo+Weekender&rft.atitle=For+the+Love+of+Cars%3A+Auto+Racing+in+Japan&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyoweekender.com%2F2018%2F04%2Ffor-the-love-of-cars-auto-racing-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid.html">"Olympic History in Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japonya_Olimpiyat_Komitesi" title="Japonya Olimpiyat Komitesi">Japonya Olimpiyat Komitesi</a>. 6 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106105559/http://www.joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">19 Ekim</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+History+in+Japan&rft.pub=Japonya+Olimpiyat+Komitesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joc.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fhistoryjapan%2Fhistory_japan_bid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903040643/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/06_wcm/">"2006 FIBA World Championship"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIBA" title="FIBA">FIBA</a>. 3 Eylül 2006 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/06_wcm/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+FIBA+World+Championship&rft.pub=FIBA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiba.com%2Fpages%2Feng%2Ffe%2F06_wcm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiba.basketball/basketballworldcup/2023">"FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023"</a>. FIBA. 24 Kasım 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124205723/http://www.fiba.basketball/basketballworldcup/2023">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FIBA+Basketball+World+Cup+2023&rft.pub=FIBA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiba.basketball%2Fbasketballworldcup%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-selects-tokyo-as-host-of-2020-summer-olympic-games/208784">"IOC selects Tokyo as host of 2020 Summer Olympic Games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Olimpiyat_Komitesi" title="Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi">Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi</a>. 21 Temmuz 2016. 7 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407092641/http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-selects-tokyo-as-host-of-2020-summer-olympic-games/208784">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IOC+selects+Tokyo+as+host+of+2020+Summer+Olympic+Games&rft.pub=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Olimpiyat+Komitesi&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fnews%2Fioc-selects-tokyo-as-host-of-2020-summer-olympic-games%2F208784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fivb.org/TheGame/TheGame_WorldChampionships.htm">"The Game – World Championships – FIVB Women's World Championships Finals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Voleybol_Federasyonu" title="Uluslararası Voleybol Federasyonu">FIVB</a>. 2 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302202031/http://www.fivb.org/thegame/TheGame_WorldChampionships.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Game+%E2%80%93+World+Championships+%E2%80%93+FIVB+Women%27s+World+Championships+Finals&rft.pub=FIVB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fivb.org%2FTheGame%2FTheGame_WorldChampionships.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiarugby.com/about-asia-rugby/history/">"History"</a>. Asia Rugby. 15 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070822/https://www.asiarugby.com/about-asia-rugby/history/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Asia+Rugby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiarugby.com%2Fabout-asia-rugby%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224929/http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/rugbyworldcup2019/news/newsid%3D2069327.html">"Japan reaches out to the rest of Asia"</a>. Rugby World Cup. 1 Kasım 2013. 17 Aralık 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/rugbyworldcup2019/news/newsid=2069327.html#japan+reaches+rest+asia">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+reaches+out+to+the+rest+of+Asia&rft.pub=Rugby+World+Cup&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rugbyworldcup.com%2Frugbyworldcup2019%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D2069327.html%23japan%2Breaches%2Brest%2Basia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya&action=edit&section=38" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.75em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"><div style="clear:both;"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Karde%C5%9F_projeler" title="Vikipedi:Kardeş projeler">Vikipedi'nin kardeş projelerinden</a><br /><b>Japonya</b><br />hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:Special:Search/Japan" title="Vikisözlük'te ara"><img alt="Vikisözlük'te ara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:Special:Search/Japan" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:Special:Search/Japan">Vikisözlük</a>'te tanımlar </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Commons'ta ara"><img alt="Commons'ta ara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="c:日本">Commons</a>'ta dosyalar </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/en:Diplomacy/Japan" title="Vikikitap'ta ara"><img alt="Vikikitap'ta ara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/en:Diplomacy/Japan" class="extiw" title="b:en:Diplomacy/Japan">Vikikitap</a>'ta kitaplar </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tr.wikiversity.org/wiki/Japan" title="Vikiversite'de ara"><img alt="Vikiversite'de ara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://tr.wikiversity.org/wiki/Japan" class="extiw" title="v:Japan">Vikiversite</a>'de eğitim kaynakları </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560057">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560105">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560075">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Vikigezgin'de <i><b><a href="https://tr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Japan" class="extiw" title="voy:Japan">Japan</a></b></i> ile ilgili gezi rehberi bulunmaktadır.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Hükûmet</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan.go.jp/">JapanGov – Japonya hükûmeti resmî sitesi</a></span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(Japonca)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japan.kantei.go.jp/">Başbakanlık ve Kabine resmî sitesi</a></span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(Japonca)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/">İmparatorluk Sarayı Ajansı resmî sitesi</a></span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(Japonca)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndl.go.jp/">Ulusal Diyet Kütüphanesi resmî sitesi</a></span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(Japonca)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Genel bilgiler</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan">"Japonya"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024 bas.). <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Japonya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fjapan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJaponya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nations/Japan">Encyclopaedia Britannica Japonya portali</a></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Curlie">Curlie</a>'de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/Japan/">Japonya</a> (<a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a> tabanlı) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Japan">Wikimedia Atlas'da Japan</a></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14918801">BBC News ülke profil</a></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/japan/">OECD Ülke profili</a></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a>'te <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/382313">Japonya</a> ile ilgili coğrafi veriler</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japonya&#124;link=Japonya_Japonya_konuları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Japonya_konular%C4%B1" title="Şablon:Japonya konuları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Japonya_konular%C4%B1" title="Şablon tartışma:Japonya konuları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Japonya_konular%C4%B1&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japonya&#124;link=Japonya_Japonya_konuları" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya"><img alt="Japonya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a> konuları</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_tarihi" title="Japonya tarihi">Tarih</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:70px; text-align:center;">Kronoloji</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Prehistorya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japon_paleolitik_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Japon paleolitik dönemi">Paleolitik dönem</a></li></ul></li> <li>Antik tarih <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jōmon dönemi">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yayoi dönemi">Yayoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofun_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofun dönemi">Kofun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuka_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asuka dönemi">Asuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara dönemi">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heian dönemi">Heian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Feodal dönem <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakura dönemi">Kamakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromachi dönemi">Muromachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azuchi-Momoyama_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Azuchi-Momoyama dönemi">Azuchi-Momoyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Edo dönemi">Edo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Modern tarih <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Japon İmparatorluğu">Japon İmparatorluğu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji dönemi">Meiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō dönemi">Taishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa dönemi">Shōwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Savaş sonrası</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa dönemi">Shōwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heisei_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heisei dönemi">Heisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiwa dönemi">Reiwa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:70px; text-align:center;">Konular</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_askeri_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'nın askeri tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Askeri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_ekonomi_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'nın ekonomi tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ekonomik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japonya arması"><img alt="Japonya arması" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_siyaset" title="Japonya'da siyaset">Siyaset</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Anayasası">Anayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_%C4%B0mparatoru" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya İmparatoru">İmparator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Japonya başbakanı">Başbakan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_ba%C5%9Fbakanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Japonya başbakanları listesi">liste</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_Bakanlar_Kurulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya Bakanlar Kurulu">Bakanlar Kurulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusal Diet">Ulusal Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fmanlar_Meclisi_(Japonya)" title="Danışmanlar Meclisi (Japonya)">Danışmanlar Meclisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temsilciler_Meclisi_(Japonya)" title="Temsilciler Meclisi (Japonya)">Temsilciler Meclisi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_d%C4%B1%C5%9F_ili%C5%9Fkileri" title="Japonya'nın dış ilişkileri">Dış ilişkiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_hukuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya hukuku">Hukuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27da_insan_haklar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'da insan hakları (sayfa mevcut değil)">İnsan hakları</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27da_LGBT_haklar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'da LGBT hakları (sayfa mevcut değil)">LGBT hakları</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_%C3%96z_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya Öz Savunma Kuvvetleri">Ordu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27da_se%C3%A7imler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'da seçimler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Seçimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_siyasi_partiler_listesi" title="Japonya'daki siyasi partiler listesi">Siyasi partiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_idari_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCmleri" title="Japonya'nın idari bölümleri">İdari bölümler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_co%C4%9Frafyas%C4%B1" title="Japonya coğrafyası">Coğrafya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japon_Tak%C4%B1madalar%C4%B1" title="Japon Takımadaları">Japon Takımadaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_adalar_listesi" title="Japonya'daki adalar listesi">Adalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_g%C3%B6ller_listesi" title="Japonya'daki göller listesi">Göller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_da%C4%9Flar_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya'daki dağlar listesi">Dağlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27daki_nehirler_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'daki nehirler listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nehirler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27daki_depremler_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'daki depremler listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Depremler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Japonya'nın bölgeleri">Bölgeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Japonya'daki şehirler listesi">Şehirler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_ekonomisi" title="Japonya ekonomisi">Ekonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_Bankas%C4%B1" title="Japonya Bankası">Merkez Bankası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_enerji" title="Japonya'da enerji">Enerji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27da_sanayi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'da sanayi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sanayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_bilim_ve_teknoloji" title="Japonya'da bilim ve teknoloji">Bilim ve teknoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonya%27da_telekom%C3%BCnikasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonya'da telekomünikasyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Telekomünikasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_tar%C4%B1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya'da tarım">Tarım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_turizm" title="Japonya'da turizm">Turizm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_ula%C5%9F%C4%B1m" title="Japonya'da ulaşım">Ulaşım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_yeni" title="Japon yeni">Para birimi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Toplum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:70px; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Japonya_demografisi" title="Japonya demografisi">Demografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japonlar" title="Japonlar">Japonlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_konu%C5%9Fulan_diller" title="Japonya'da konuşulan diller">Dil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca">Japonca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_e%C4%9Fitim" title="Japonya'da eğitim">Eğitim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_evler" title="Japonya'da evler">İskan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:70px; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya'da kültür">Kültür</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_bah%C3%A7esi" title="Japon bahçesi">Bahçeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_%C3%A7ay_seremonisi" title="Japon çay seremonisi">Çay seremonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_din" title="Japonya'da din">Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_d%C3%B6v%C3%BC%C5%9F_sanatlar%C4%B1" title="Japon dövüş sanatları">Dövüş sanatları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_edebiyat%C4%B1" title="Japon edebiyatı">Edebiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_festivalleri" title="Japon festivalleri">Festivaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_folklor%C3%BC" title="Japon folklorü">Folklor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Geisha">Geisha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikebana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikebana (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ikebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonca_isimler" title="Japonca isimler">İsimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">Kawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_medya" title="Japonya'da medya">Medya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_mimarisi" title="Japon mimarisi">Mimari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_mitolojisi" title="Japon mitolojisi">Mitoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Japon mutfağı">Mutfak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_m%C3%BCzi%C4%9Fi" title="Japon müziği">Müzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">Onsen</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Sent%C5%8D" title="Sentō">sentō</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geleneksel_Japon_oyunlar%C4%B1_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geleneksel Japon oyunları listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Oyunlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_sanat%C4%B1" title="Japon sanatı">Sanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_sinemas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Japon sineması">Sinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_tiyatrosu" title="Japon tiyatrosu">Tiyatro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27daki_resm%C3%AE_tatiller" title="Japonya'daki resmî tatiller">Resmî tatiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27n%C4%B1n_posta_tarihi_ve_posta_pullar%C4%B1" title="Japonya'nın posta tarihi ve posta pulları">Posta tarihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya%27da_spor" title="Japonya'da spor">Spor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Japonya bayrağı">Bayrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCkselen_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Yükselen Güneş bayrağı">Yükselen Güneş bayrağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonya_%C4%B0mparatorluk_M%C3%BCh%C3%BCr%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonya İmparatorluk Mühürü">Arma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Ulusal Marş</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vikiproje:Japonya" title="Vikiproje:Japonya">VikiProje</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Japonya" title="Kategori:Japonya">Kategori</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="İlgili_maddelere_bağlantılar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="İlgili_maddelere_bağlantılar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">İlgili maddelere bağlantılar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asya_ülkeleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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id="Asya_ülkeleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asya_%C3%BClkeleri_listesi" title="Asya ülkeleri listesi">Asya ülkeleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egemen_devlet" title="Egemen devlet">Egemen devletler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahreyn" title="Bahreyn">Bahreyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banglade%C5%9F" title="Bangladeş">Bangladeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Timor" title="Doğu Timor">Doğu Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinler" title="Filipinler">Filipinler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan" title="Gürcistan">Gürcistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran">İran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail" title="İsrail">İsrail</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zistan" title="Kırgızistan">Kırgızistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuveyt" title="Kuveyt">Kuveyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Kore" title="Kuzey Kore">Kuzey Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbnan" title="Lübnan">Lübnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivler" title="Maldivler">Maldivler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%9Folistan" title="Moğolistan">Moğolistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zbekistan" title="Özbekistan">Özbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suudi_Arabistan" title="Suudi Arabistan">Suudi Arabistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacikistan" title="Tacikistan">Tacikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan">Türkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umman" title="Umman">Umman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Crd%C3%BCn" title="Ürdün">Ürdün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tan%C4%B1nmayan_veya_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1rl%C4%B1_%C5%9Fekilde_tan%C4%B1nan_devletler_listesi" title="Tanınmayan veya sınırlı şekilde tanınan devletler listesi">Sınırlı tanınan devletler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhazya" title="Abhazya">Abhazya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan">Çin Cumhuriyeti (Tayvan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filistin_Devleti" title="Filistin Devleti">Filistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Osetya" title="Güney Osetya">Güney Osetya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_T%C3%BCrk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti">Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_toprak" title="Bağımlı toprak">Bağımlı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel_idari_b%C3%B6lge" title="Özel idari bölge">diğer bölgeler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Adas%C4%B1" title="Christmas Adası">Christmas Adası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Cocos Adaları">Cocos Adaları</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Frotur_ve_Dikelya" title="Ağrotur ve Dikelya">Ağrotur ve Dikelya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britanya_Hint_Okyanusu_Topraklar%C4%B1" title="Britanya Hint Okyanusu Toprakları">Britanya Hint Okyanusu Toprakları</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="G8_ülkeleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:G8_%C3%BClkeleri" title="Şablon:G8 ülkeleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:G8_%C3%BClkeleri" title="Şablon tartışma:G8 ülkeleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:G8_%C3%BClkeleri&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="G8_ülkeleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8 ülkeleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Üyeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Almanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="ABD"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Birleşik Krallık"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Fransa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İtalya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kanada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></span> <b>·</b>  <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Rusya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></span> <i>(Üyeliği askıda)</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temsil Edilenler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği"><img alt="Avrupa Birliği" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:G20" title="Şablon:G20"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:G20" title="Şablon tartışma:G20"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:G20&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya"><img alt="Almanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri"><img alt="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin"><img alt="Arjantin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin">Arjantin</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği"><img alt="Avrupa Birliği" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya"><img alt="Avustralya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık"><img alt="Birleşik Krallık" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brezilya" title="Brezilya"><img alt="Brezilya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brezilya" title="Brezilya">Brezilya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin"><img alt="Çin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya"><img alt="Endonezya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa"><img alt="Fransa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti"><img alt="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan"><img alt="Hindistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya"><img alt="İtalya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya"><img alt="Japonya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore"><img alt="Güney Kore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Kore Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika"><img alt="Meksika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya"><img alt="Rusya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suudi_Arabistan" title="Suudi Arabistan"><img alt="Suudi Arabistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suudi_Arabistan" title="Suudi Arabistan">Suudi Arabistan</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye"><img alt="Türkiye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ekonomik_Kalkınma_ve_İşbirliği_Örgütü_(OECD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:OECD" title="Şablon:OECD"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:OECD" title="Şablon tartışma:OECD"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:OECD&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ekonomik_Kalkınma_ve_İşbirliği_Örgütü_(OECD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü</a> (OECD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Üyeler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="ABD"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Almanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avustralya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avusturya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Belçika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika" title="Belçika">Belçika</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Birleşik Krallık"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çekya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Danimarka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Estonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Finlandiya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finlandiya" title="Finlandiya">Finlandiya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Fransa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Kore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hollanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hollanda" title="Hollanda">Hollanda</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İrlanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda" title="İrlanda">İrlanda</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İspanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsveç"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7" title="İsveç">İsveç</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsviçre"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re" title="İsviçre">İsviçre</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsrail"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail" title="İsrail">İsrail</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İtalya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İzlanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zlanda" title="İzlanda">İzlanda</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kanada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kolombiya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kolombiya" title="Kolombiya">Kolombiya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kosta Rika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosta_Rika" title="Kosta Rika">Kosta Rika</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Letonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Litvanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Lüksemburg"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg" title="Lüksemburg">Lüksemburg</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Macaristan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Macaristan" title="Macaristan">Macaristan</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Meksika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Norveç"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norve%C3%A7" title="Norveç">Norveç</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Polonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Portekiz"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portekiz" title="Portekiz">Portekiz</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Slovakya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Slovenya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Şili"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eili" title="Şili">Şili</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Türkiye"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Yunanistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Yeni Zelanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yeni_Zelanda" title="Yeni Zelanda">Yeni Zelanda</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:OECD_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="OECD"><img alt="OECD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/OECD_Logo.svg/55px-OECD_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="35" class="mw-file-element" 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id="*_Birinci_*_İkinci_*_Üçüncü_*_Dördüncü_*_Beşinci_*_Altıncı_*_Yedinci_*_Sekizinci_*_Dokuzuncu_*_Onuncu_*_Onbirinci"> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinci_Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinci Doğu Asya Zirvesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Birinci</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0kinci_Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İkinci Doğu Asya Zirvesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">İkinci</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9C%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üçüncü Doğu Asya Zirvesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Üçüncü</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B6rd%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dördüncü Doğu Asya Zirvesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dördüncü</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be%C5%9Finci_Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beşinci Doğu Asya 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href="/w/index.php?title=Onbirinci_Do%C4%9Fu_Asya_Zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onbirinci Doğu Asya Zirvesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Onbirinci</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:10em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avustralya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Brunei"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kamboçya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hindistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Endonezya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Malezya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Yeni Zelanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yeni_Zelanda" title="Yeni Zelanda">Yeni Zelanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Filipinler"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Filipinler" title="Filipinler">Filipinler</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Rusya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Singapur"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Kore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:17em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Tayland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="ABD"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Vietnam"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Çin-Japonya-Güney_Kore_üçlü_zirvesi_liderleri_ve_dışişleri_bakanları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:%C3%9C%C3%A7l%C3%BC_toplant%C4%B1_liderleri" title="Şablon:Üçlü toplantı liderleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:%C3%9C%C3%A7l%C3%BC_toplant%C4%B1_liderleri" title="Şablon tartışma:Üçlü toplantı liderleri"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:%C3%9C%C3%A7l%C3%BC_toplant%C4%B1_liderleri&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Çin-Japonya-Güney_Kore_üçlü_zirvesi_liderleri_ve_dışişleri_bakanları" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87in-Japonya-G%C3%BCney_Kore_%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BC_zirvesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çin-Japonya-Güney Kore üçlü zirvesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Çin-Japonya-Güney Kore üçlü zirvesi liderleri ve dışişleri bakanları</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ülkeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çin</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></span></li> <li><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Kore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liderler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin"><img alt="Çin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang">Li</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya"><img alt="Japonya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore"><img alt="Güney Kore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dışişleri bakanları</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin"><img alt="Çin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Yi_(politikac%C4%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Yi (politikacı) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Wang</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya"><img alt="Japonya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dno" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Kōno">Kōno</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore"><img alt="Güney Kore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kang_Kyung-wha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kang Kyung-wha (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Günümüz_monarşiler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Monar%C5%9Filer" title="Şablon:Monarşiler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Monar%C5%9Filer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şablon tartışma:Monarşiler (sayfa mevcut değil)"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Monar%C5%9Filer&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Günümüz_monarşiler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Günümüz <a href="/wiki/Monar%C5%9Fi" title="Monarşi">monarşiler</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini">Esvatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas" title="Fas">Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/80px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/120px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/160px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="222" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahreyn" title="Bahreyn">Bahreyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katar_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katar monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Katar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuveyt" title="Kuveyt">Kuveyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suudi_Arabistan_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suudi Arabistan monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Suudi Arabistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umman" title="Umman">Umman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Crd%C3%BCn_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ürdün monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ürdün</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avrupa%27daki_monar%C5%9Filer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avrupa'daki monarşiler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Avrupa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andora_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andora monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Andora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="Belçika monarşisi">Belçika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danimarka_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danimarka monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Danimarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollanda_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="Hollanda monarşisi">Hollanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="İspanya monarşisi">İspanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="İsveç monarşisi">İsveç</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihten%C5%9Ftayn_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihtenştayn monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lihtenştayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="Lüksemburg monarşisi">Lüksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monako_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monako monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norve%C3%A7_monar%C5%9Fisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norveç monarşisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Norveç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papalar_listesi" title="Papalar listesi">Vatikan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Okyanusya" title="Okyanusya">Okyanusya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngiliz_Milletler_Toplulu%C4%9Fu_b%C3%B6lgesi" title="İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu bölgesi">İngiliz Milletler<br />Topluluğu bölgesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_ve_Barbuda" title="Antigua ve Barbuda">Antigua ve Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamalar" title="Bahamalar">Bahamalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="Birleşik Krallık monarşisi">Birleşik Krallık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaika" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_Yeni_Gine" title="Papua Yeni Gine">Papua Yeni Gine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_ve_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts ve Nevis">Saint Kitts ve Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_ve_Grenadinler" title="Saint Vincent ve Grenadinler">Saint Vincent ve Grenadinler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Solomon Adaları">Solomon Adaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeni_Zelanda" title="Yeni Zelanda">Yeni Zelanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trafik_Akışının_Sol_Olduğu_Ülkeler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Trafik_Ak%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Sol_Oldu%C4%9Fu_%C3%9Clkeler" title="Şablon:Trafik Akışının Sol Olduğu Ülkeler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Trafik_Ak%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Sol_Oldu%C4%9Fu_%C3%9Clkeler" title="Şablon tartışma:Trafik Akışının Sol Olduğu Ülkeler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Trafik_Ak%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Sol_Oldu%C4%9Fu_%C3%9Clkeler&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trafik_Akışının_Sol_Olduğu_Ülkeler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Trafik Akışının Sol Olduğu Ülkeler</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avrupa" title="Avrupa">Avrupa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Frotur_ve_Dikelya" title="Ağrotur ve Dikelya">Ağrotur ve Dikelya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda" title="İrlanda">İrlanda</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_Adas%C4%B1" title="Man Adası">Man Adası</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg/155px-Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg/233px-Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg/310px-Drive_on_left_in_australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Amerika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_ve_Barbuda" title="Antigua ve Barbuda">Antigua ve Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamalar" title="Bahamalar">Bahamalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Britanya_Virjin_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Britanya Virjin Adaları">Britanya Virjin Adaları</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Cayman Adaları">Cayman Adaları</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Falkland Adaları">Falkland Adaları</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaika" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_ve_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts ve Nevis">Saint Kitts ve Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_ve_Grenadinler" title="Saint Vincent ve Grenadinler">Saint Vincent ve Grenadinler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_ve_Tobago" title="Trinidad ve Tobago">Trinidad ve Tobago</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turks_ve_Caicos_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Turks ve Caicos Adaları">Turks ve Caicos Adaları</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virjin_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Virjin Adaları">Virjin Adaları</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banglade%C5%9F" title="Bangladeş">Bangladeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_T%C3%BCrk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti">Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makao</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivler" title="Maldivler">Maldivler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana">Botsvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini">Esvatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Georgia_ve_G%C3%BCney_Sandwich_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Güney Georgia ve Güney Sandwich Adaları">Güney Georgia ve Güney Sandwich Adaları</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi">Malavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya">Namibya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sey%C5%9Feller" title="Seyşeller">Seyşeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanya" title="Tanzanya">Tanzanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambiya" title="Zambiya">Zambiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve">Zimbabve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Okyanusya" title="Okyanusya">Okyanusya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Timor" title="Doğu Timor">Doğu Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_Yeni_Gine" title="Papua Yeni Gine">Papua Yeni Gine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Pitcairn Adaları">Pitcairn Adaları</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Solomon Adaları">Solomon Adaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeni_Zelanda" title="Yeni Zelanda">Yeni Zelanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Bağımlı ülkeler <i>italik</i> yazılmıştır. <sup><small>1</small></sup>Tamamı <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a>'da olmasına rağmen kültürel özellikleri <a href="/wiki/Avrupa" title="Avrupa">Avrupa</a>'ya benzediğinden <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a>'ne üyedir. <sup><small>2</small></sup><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a>'ne üye. <sup><small>3</small></sup><a href="/wiki/Tan%C4%B1nmayan_veya_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1rl%C4%B1_%C5%9Fekilde_tan%C4%B1nan_devletler_listesi" title="Tanınmayan veya sınırlı şekilde tanınan devletler listesi">Sınırlı tanınmış olan devlet</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90706615">90706615</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İspanya Millî Kütüphanesi">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450954">XX450954</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">cb152384465</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04877014?l=en">DA04877014</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028495-5">4028495-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re_Tarihsel_S%C3%B6zl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="İsviçre Tarihsel Sözlüğü">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003412">003412</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000123649740">0000 0001 2364 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