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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_1927" title="تمرد يوليو 1927 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تمرد يوليو 1927" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_de_juliol_de_1927" title="Revolta de juliol de 1927 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolta de juliol de 1927" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cervencov%C3%A1_revolta" title="Červencová revolta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Červencová revolta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Justizpalastbrand" title="Wiener Justizpalastbrand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiener Justizpalastbrand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revuelta_de_julio_de_1927" title="Revuelta de julio de 1927 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revuelta de julio de 1927" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_de_Juillet" title="Révolte de Juillet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Révolte de Juillet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_de_xullo_de_1927" title="Revolta de xullo de 1927 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Revolta de xullo de 1927" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivolta_di_luglio" title="Rivolta di luglio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivolta di luglio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99_1927" title="מהומות יולי 1927 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהומות יולי 1927" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="1927 წლის ივლისის აჯანყება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1927 წლის ივლისის აჯანყება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Viena_de_1927" title="Massacre de Viena de 1927 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Massacre de Viena de 1927" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1927_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Июльская революция 1927 года – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Июльская революция 1927 года" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolten_1927" title="Julirevolten 1927 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Julirevolten 1927" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Temmuz_%C4%B0syan%C4%B1" title="1927 Temmuz İsyanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1927 Temmuz İsyanı" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Riots in Vienna, First Austrian Republic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">July Revolt</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_(68).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_%2868%29.JPG/240px-Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_%2868%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_%2868%29.JPG/360px-Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_%2868%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_%2868%29.JPG/480px-Justizpalast_Vienna_2007_%2868%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="955" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vienna Palace of Justice in the 1880s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">15 July 1927</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">Austria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;">Austrian <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>89 registered deaths, more than 600 seriously injured</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a> without success</li> <li>Rise of right-wing <a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a> forces and <a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrofascism</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Austria" title="Category:History of Austria">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of <span class="fn org label">Austria</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg/50px-Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg/75px-Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg/100px-Austria_coat_of_arms_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Noricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Noricum">Kingdom of Noricum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Era</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugiland" title="Rugiland">Rugiland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(476-493)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (476-493)">Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> - <a href="/wiki/Baiuvarii" title="Baiuvarii">Baiuvarii</a> - <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Margraviate of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">House of Babenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Minus" title="Privilegium Minus">Privilegium Minus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Archbishopric_of_Salzburg" title="Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg">Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria" title="Duchy of Austria">Duchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Duchy of Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">World War I</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Assassination of Franz Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">History of Austria-Hungary during World War I</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Interwar years</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_German-Austria" title="Republic of German-Austria">Republic of German-Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria" title="Federal State of Austria">Federal State of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostmark_(Austria)" title="Ostmark (Austria)">Ostmark (Austria)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_time_of_National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austria in the time of National Socialism">National Socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Post-war Austria</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">Allied-occupied Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Second Austrian Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Jews</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vienna" title="History of the Jews in Vienna">Vienna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Austria">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_football_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of football in Austria">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cricket_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of cricket in Austria">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Austria" title="Military history of Austria">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of rail transport in Austria">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of radio in Austria">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of liberalism in Austria">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cinema_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of cinema in Austria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hinduism in Austria">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Austria">Islam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Austrian_history" title="Timeline of Austrian history">Timeline</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/16px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/24px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Austria" title="Portal:Austria">Austria portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Austria" title="Template:History of Austria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Austria" title="Template talk:History of Austria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Austria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Austria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>July Revolt of 1927</b> (also known as the Vienna <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Vienna" title="Palace of Justice, Vienna">Palace of Justice</a> fire, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Wiener Justizpalastbrand</i>) was a major <a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">riot</a> starting on 15 July 1927 in the <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="First Republic of Austria">Austrian</a> capital, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. The revolt was sparked by the acquittal of three nationalist paramilitary members for the killing of two social democratic <i><a href="/wiki/Republikanischer_Schutzbund" title="Republikanischer Schutzbund">Republikanischer Schutzbund</a></i> members and culminated with <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> forces firing into the outraged crowd and killing 89 protesters,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and five policemen died. More than 600 protestors and around 600 policemen were injured. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The clash was the result of conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> and a right-wing alliance including wealthy industrialists and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Many paramilitary forces had been formed in Austria during the early 1920s such as the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> <i>Frontkämpfervereinigung Deutsch-Österreichs</i> under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hiltl" title="Hermann Hiltl">Hermann Hiltl</a> and the Social Democratic <i><a href="/wiki/Republikanischer_Schutzbund" title="Republikanischer Schutzbund">Republikanischer Schutzbund</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schattendorf_shooting">Schattendorf shooting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Schattendorf shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 January 1927, a <i>Republikanischer Schutzbund</i> group held a demonstration in the town of <a href="/wiki/Schattendorf" title="Schattendorf">Schattendorf</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Burgenland" title="Burgenland">Burgenland</a>. After the demonstration had ended, the <i>Frontkämpfervereinigung Deutsch-Österreichs</i> attacked the Schutzbund members heading back to the train station and injured several and killed Matthias Csmarits, a <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> veteran, and Josef Grössing, an eight-year-old boy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shooting provoked significant controversy, with the funeral of the two victims on 2 February being attended by thousands and trade unions declaring a 15 min general strike throughout Austria to mark the funeral. Several months later, On 5 July, the trial of three <i>Frontkämpfervereinigung</i> members who were accused of the shooting began in Vienna. During the trial, the three, defended by the lawyer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Riehl" title="Walter Riehl">Walter Riehl</a>, pleaded <a href="/wiki/Self-defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-defence">self-defence</a>. After nine days, on 14 July, the jury acquitted them.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_strike">General strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: General strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg/220px-Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg/330px-Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg/440px-Gerlach_justizpalastbrand_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Protesters in front of the burning Palace of Justice</figcaption></figure> <p>This "Schattendorf Verdict" led to a <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a>, which had the aim of bringing down the government headed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Austria)" title="Christian Social Party (Austria)">Christian Social Party</a> Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Seipel" title="Ignaz Seipel">Ignaz Seipel</a>. Massive protests began on the morning of 15 July, when a furious crowd tried to storm the main building of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ringstrasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringstrasse">Ringstrasse</a>. The protesters attacked and damaged a nearby police station and a newspaper building before they proceeded to the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament_Building" title="Austrian Parliament Building">Austrian Parliament Building</a>. Forced back by police, they arrived in the square in front of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice_(Vienna)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Justice (Vienna)">Palace of Justice</a>. Around noon, protesters entered the building by smashing the windows and then demolished the furnishings and began setting fire to files. Soon afterward, the building was ablaze. The fire spread quickly, as the Vienna fire brigade was attacked by several demonstrators, who cut the hoses and so prevented its being brought under control until the early morning. </p><p>The former (and later) Austrian Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schober" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Schober">Johann Schober</a>, who was then Vienna chief of police, suppressed the protests with force. He unsuccessfully urged Social Democratic Mayor <a href="/wiki/Karl_Seitz" title="Karl Seitz">Karl Seitz</a> to call for the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Austrian Armed Forces</a>, which Seitz rejected. Schober attempted for the Christian Social Party Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Carl_Vaugoin" title="Carl Vaugoin">Carl Vaugoin</a> to do the same. </p><p>Finally, Schober supplied the police troops with army <a href="/wiki/Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifles">rifles</a> and publicly announced that the premises would be cleared by force if the fire brigades could not work unhindered after Seitz and <i>Schutzbund</i> councillor <a href="/wiki/Theodor_K%C3%B6rner_(Austrian_president)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Körner (Austrian president)">Theodor Körner</a> had attempted to persuade the crowd to surrender. The police opened fire and left 5 police officers and 89 demonstrators dead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance_and_remembrance">Significance and remembrance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Significance and remembrance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg/220px-HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg/330px-HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg/440px-HGM_Brandakten_Justizpalast_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2734" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption>Scorched documents</figcaption></figure> <p>The 20th-century philosopher, scholar and social commentator <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> was 24 years old and living in Vienna during the unrest. In his 1976 autobiography, he recalled the event as foreshadowing <a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">extremism</a>: “I began to expect the worst: that the democratic bastions of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> would fall, and that a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">totalitarian Germany</a> would start <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">another war</a>”.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A memorial to the victims was erected in the Vienna <a href="/wiki/Zentralfriedhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentralfriedhof">Zentralfriedhof</a>. A plaque at the Palace of Justice was unveiled by President <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Fischer" title="Heinz Fischer">Heinz Fischer</a> in 2007. Several artifacts such as fire-damaged court papers and <i>Schutzbund</i> and <i>Frontkämpfer</i> uniforms are on display at the <a href="/wiki/Heeresgeschichtliches_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeresgeschichtliches Museum">Heeresgeschichtliches Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Putsch" title="July Putsch">July Putsch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrook-Shepherd1996" class="citation book cs1">Brook-Shepherd, Gordon (December 1996). <i>The Austrians : a thousand-year odyssey</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-638255-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-638255-X"><bdi>0-00-638255-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Austrians+%3A+a+thousand-year+odyssey&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1996-12&rft.isbn=0-00-638255-X&rft.aulast=Brook-Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolt+of+1927" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wien.gv.at/english/history/commemoration/justice-palace.html">"30 January 1927 – prologue of a fateful day"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=30+January+1927+%E2%80%93+prologue+of+a+fateful+day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wien.gv.at%2Fenglish%2Fhistory%2Fcommemoration%2Fjustice-palace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolt+of+1927" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlament.gv.at/ENGL/PERK/HIS/REP1/1927/index.shtml">"Hardened Fronts, Anti-Parliamentary Forces | Austrian Parliament"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hardened+Fronts%2C+Anti-Parliamentary+Forces+%26%23124%3B+Austrian+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.gv.at%2FENGL%2FPERK%2FHIS%2FREP1%2F1927%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolt+of+1927" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/article/1927-austrian-general-strike">"1927: Austrian General Strike | libcom.org"</a>. <i>libcom.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libcom.org&rft.atitle=1927%3A+Austrian+General+Strike+%26%23124%3B+libcom.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Farticle%2F1927-austrian-general-strike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolt+of+1927" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopper1976" class="citation book cs1">Popper, Karl Raimund (1976). <i>Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography</i> (Revised ed.). New York: Fontana/Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0006365922" title="Special:BookSources/0006365922"><bdi>0006365922</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unended+Quest%3A+An+Intellectual+Autobiography&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Fontana%2FCollins&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0006365922&rft.aulast=Popper&rft.aufirst=Karl+Raimund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolt+of+1927" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>G.R.E. Gedye, <i>Fallen Bastions</i> (London, 1939)</li> <li>F. Carsten, <i>Fascism in Austria</i> (London, 1977)</li> <li>B. Wenzl, <i>Red's Visit to Riotous Vienna: Sinclair Lewis Reports on the July Revolt of 1927</i>. In: Sinclair Lewis Society Newsletter Vol. 30 (1), Fall 2021, pp. 5</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/austria/index.htm#july-revolt">July Revolt, 1927</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marxists_Internet_Archive" title="Marxists Internet Archive">Marxists Internet Archive</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&oldid=1253810143">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_Revolt_of_1927&oldid=1253810143</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_history_of_Austria" title="Category:Social history of Austria">Social history of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1927_in_Austria" title="Category:1927 in Austria">1927 in Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1927_riots" title="Category:1927 riots">1927 riots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Police_misconduct_in_Europe" title="Category:Police misconduct in Europe">Police misconduct in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_1927" title="Category:Massacres in 1927">Massacres in 1927</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 00:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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