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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="সাহায্য:আধ্বব/ফার্সি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:আধ্বব/ফার্সি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="راهنما:الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی فارسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی فارسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_Persian" title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Persian – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Persian" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Persia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Persia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI/Persian" title="Aiuto:AFI/Persian – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI/Persian" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਲਈ IPA – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਲਈ IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے فارسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے فارسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Persian on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Persian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Persian" title="Help talk:IPA/Persian">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-FA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-FA&redirect=no">H:IPA-FA</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Persian</div> <p>The charts below show the way in which the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) represents <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik language</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Persian phonology</a> for a more thorough look at the sounds of Persian. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">IPA </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><br/>Farsi </th> <th rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></span><br/>Dari </th> <th rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></span><br/>Tajik </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a><br/>letter </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a><br/>letter </th> <th colspan="2">Example word </th> <th rowspan="2">English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic script </th> <th>Cyrillic script </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ب</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">б</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">برادر</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">бародар</span></span> </td> <td><b>b</b>eet<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - <b>b</b>oy </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">د</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">д</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">د‫وست‬</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">дӯст</span></span> </td> <td><b>d</b>en - <b>D</b>aniel </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ج</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ҷ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جوان</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ҷавон</span></span> </td> <td><b>j</b>azz - <b>j</b>oy </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ف</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ф</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">فشار</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">фишор</span></span> </td> <td><b>f</b>ast - <b>f</b>estival </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">گ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">г</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">گروه</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">гуруҳ</span></span> </td> <td><b>g</b>ate<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - <b>g</b>ooseberry </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> , <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span><br/><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">غ</span></span><br/><sup id="cite_ref-q_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ғ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">باغ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">боғ</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Either: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> fue<b>g</b>o (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span>),</li> <li>Similar to <a href="/wiki/Cost" title="Cost"><b>c</b>ost</a> (but deeper in the throat) (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span>),</li> <li>Similar to <b>g</b>ot (but deeper in the throat) (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ]</span>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ق</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">қ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">قلم</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">қалам</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ه</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ح</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ҳ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">هفت</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ҳафт</span></span> </td> <td><b>h</b>at </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ی</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">й</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">یا</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ё</span></span> </td> <td><b>y</b>ard </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ک</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">к</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کشور</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">кишвар</span></span> </td> <td><b>c</b>at<sup id="cite_ref-pt_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ل</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">л</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">لب</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">лаб</span></span> </td> <td><b>l</b>and </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">م</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">м</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مادر</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">модар</span></span> </td> <td><b>m</b>an<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ن</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">н</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نان</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">нон</span></span> </td> <td><b>n</b>eck </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">‫پ‬</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">п</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">‫پدر‬</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">пидор</span></span> </td> <td><b>p</b>en<sup id="cite_ref-pt_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ر</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">р</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ایران</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">Эрон</span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar flap">Flapped</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">rolled R</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td><b>r</b>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">س</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ص</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ث</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">с</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سایه</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">сойа</span></span> </td> <td><b>s</b>ock </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">‫ش‬</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ш</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">‫شاه‬</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">шоҳ</span></span> </td> <td><b>sh</b>ake </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ت</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ط</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">т</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تا</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">то</span></span> </td> <td><b>t</b>all<sup id="cite_ref-pt_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʃʰ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">چ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ч</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">چوب</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">чӯб</span></span> </td> <td><b>ch</b>ip<sup id="cite_ref-pt_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">و</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">в</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ویژه</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">вижа</span></span> </td> <td><i>Farsi & Tajik</i>: o<b>v</b>en, <i>Dari</i>: <b>w</b>et<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">х</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خانه</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">хона</span></span> </td> <td>lo<b>ch</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ز</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ذ</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ض</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ظ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">з</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">آزاد</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">озод</span></span> </td> <td>ja<b>zz</b><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ژ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ж</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ژاله</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">жола</span></span> </td> <td>vi<b>si</b>on<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ع</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ء</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ъ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">معنا</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">маъно</span></span> </td> <td>As in wa<b>t</b>er, be<b>tt</b>er, Le<b>t'</b>s go! (<a href="/wiki/Cockney#Cockney_speech" title="Cockney">Cockney</a>); bu<b>tt</b>on (<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Received_pronounciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Received pronounciation">RP</a>; see <a href="/wiki/T-glottalization" title="T-glottalization">T-glottalization</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8">Marginal consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نگ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">нг</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رنگ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ранг</span></span> </td> <td>si<b>ng</b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">Stress</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˈ</span> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">э</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ایران</span></span><br/><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔiːˈɾɒːn]</span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">Эрон</span></span> </td> <td><b>a</b>bout<br/><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">IPA </th> <th colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><br/>Farsi </th> <th rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></span><br/>Dari </th> <th rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></span><br/>Tajik </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a><br/>letter </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a><br/>letter </th> <th colspan="2">Example word </th> <th colspan="3">English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic script </th> <th>Cyrillic script </th> <th>Farsi </th> <th>Dari </th> <th>Tajik </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Monophthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Toosarvandani_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toosarvandani-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa">َ</span></span>‎<sup id="cite_ref-short_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ه</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">а</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نه</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">на</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="3">b<b>a</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Toosarvandani_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toosarvandani-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa">ِ</span></span>‎<sup id="cite_ref-short_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ه</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">и</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">که</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ки</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><i>between</i> b<b>ai</b>t <i>and</i> b<b>e</b>t<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>i</b>t </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>ea</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Toosarvandani_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toosarvandani-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-:354_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:354-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps">ُ</span></span><br/><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">و</span></span>‎<sup id="cite_ref-short_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">у</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تو</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ту</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">st<b>o</b>ry </td> <td style="text-align: center;">p<b>u</b>ll </td> <td style="text-align: center;">c<b>oo</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒː</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">آ</span></span><br/><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">َا</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">о</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تا</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">то</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>o</b>ff, <i>but longer</i> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">f<b>a</b>ther </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>o</b>ff </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ی</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">е</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">شیر</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">шер</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>ea</b>t </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>ai</b>t </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>e</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ِی</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">и</span></span>, <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ӣ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">شیر</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">шир</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="3">b<b>ea</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid central rounded vowel">ɵ̞</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">و</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ӯ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رو</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">рӯ</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">c<b>oo</b>l </td> <td style="text-align: center;">st<b>o</b>ry </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>e</b>t, st<b>o</b>ry </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ُو</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">у</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رو</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ру</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="3">c<b>oo</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthongs</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ej</span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æj</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">َی</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ай</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کی</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">кай</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">b<b>ay</b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2">b<b>uy</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ow</span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æw</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æʋ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">َو</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ав</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نو</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">нав</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">g<b>oa</b>l </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2">l<b>ou</b>d </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Persian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Persian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Persian IPA">Category:Pages with Persian IPA</a> (432)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Dari_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Dari IPA">Category:Pages with Dari IPA</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Tajik_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Tajik IPA">Category:Pages with Tajik IPA</a> (37)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Persian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Persian consonants can be <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">geminated</a> (doubled), especially in words from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>. This is represented in IPA by doubling the consonant: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sejjed]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> before <a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced consonants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> before <a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced consonants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also an allophone of /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>/ before voiced consonants.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">غ and ق denoted the original Arabic phonemes in Classical Persian, the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span> and the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless uvular stop">voiceless uvular stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span> (pronounced in Persian as <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced uvular stop">voiced uvular stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ]</span>), respectively. In the modern <a href="/wiki/Tehrani_accent" title="Tehrani accent">Tehrani accent</a> (both colloquial and standard dialects), the phonemes of غ and ق are allophones; when <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span> (spelled either <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">غ</span></span> or <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ق</span></span>) occurs at the beginning or the end of a word, after a consonant and at the end of a syllable, it is realized as a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">voiced uvular plosive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ]</span>. When /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɢ</span>/ (also spelled either <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">غ</span></span> or <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ق</span></span>) occurs intervocalically, it is realized as a voiced velar fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span>. The allophone is probably influenced by <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a> like <a href="/wiki/Azeri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri language">Azeri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>. The sounds remain distinct in Persian dialects of southern Iran and Eastern Persian dialects (<a href="/wiki/Dari_(Persian_dialect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari (Persian dialect)">Dari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pt-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pt_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The unvoiced stops <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>tʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>k/</span> are <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a> much like their English counterparts: they become aspirated when they begin a syllable, but aspiration is not <a href="/wiki/Complementary_distribution" title="Complementary distribution">contrastive</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">bilabial consonants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">trilled</a> allophone <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span> occurs word-initially (Spanish, Italian, or Russian <i>r</i>; it can be in free variation between a trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r]</span> and a flap <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span>); trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span> as a separate phoneme occurs word-medially especially in loanwords of Arabic origin as a result of gemination (doubling) of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span>. Only <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span> occurs before and after consonants; in word-final position it is usually a free variation between a flap or a trill when followed by a consonant or a pause, but flap is more common, only flap before vowel-initial words. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">و</span></span> is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> in Iranian Persian, it is pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> in Dari.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> is also an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> before <a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced consonants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> before <a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced consonants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> before <a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced consonants</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreover spoken before all initial vowel onsets (as in ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] (Iran))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">Velar nasal</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> is an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[g]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ]</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span> in native vocabulary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stress falls on the last stem syllable of most words. For the various exceptions and other clarifications, see <a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology#Word_accent" title="Persian phonology">Persian phonology § Word accent</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toosarvandani-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toosarvandani_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toosarvandani_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toosarvandani_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> The three short or unstable vowels are actually short only in open, non-final syllables. In other environments, their length is equal to the long vowels (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFToosarvandani2004" class="citation journal cs1">Toosarvandani, Maziar Doustdar (9 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.ucsc.edu/~mtoosarv/papers/toosarvandani_2004_JRAS.pdf">"Vowel Length in Modern Farsi"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>14</b> (03): 241–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1356186304004079">10.1017/S1356186304004079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Vowel+Length+in+Modern+Farsi&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=03&rft.pages=241-251&rft.date=2004-11-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1356186304004079&rft.aulast=Toosarvandani&rft.aufirst=Maziar+Doustdar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.ucsc.edu%2F~mtoosarv%2Fpapers%2Ftoosarvandani_2004_JRAS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FPersian" class="Z3988"></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-short-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-short_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the modern <a href="/wiki/Persian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian script">Persian script</a>, the "short" vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> are usually not written, like in the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a>; only the long vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɒː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uː/</span> are represented in the text. That, of course, creates certain ambiguities. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span> is also a word-final allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æ/</span> in contemporary Iranian Persian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only word finally, when it forms the <a href="/wiki/Silent_letter#Persian" title="Silent letter">silent he</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Farsi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> is different from any English vowel, but the nearest equivalents are the vowel of <i>b<b>ai</b>t</i> (for most English dialects) and the vowel of <i>b<b>e</b>t</i>; the Persian vowel is usually between the two.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:354-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:354_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only when it forms the <a href="/wiki/Silent_vav" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent vav">silent vav</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The level of roundedness may vary. <a href="#CITEREFCampbell1995">Campbell (1995)</a> writes simply <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔː/</span>, but <a href="#CITEREFMajidiTernes1999">Majidi & Ternes (1999)</a> describe it as "underrounded" but write <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɒ/</span> anyway. The vowel may be written as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑ/</span> as well.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bamdadesari.ir/?p=4319">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://uijs.ui.ac.ir/jrl/files/site1/user_files_6120f6/admin-A-10-1-32-1d3774c.pdf">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The number and even the existence of diphthongs in Persian are disputed (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlamolhoda2000" class="citation journal cs1">Alamolhoda, Seyyed Morleza (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/StOrE/issue/view/3422">"Phonostatistics and Phonotactics of the Syllable in Modern Persian"</a>. <i>Studia Orientalia</i>. <b>89</b>: 14–15. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-3282">0039-3282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Orientalia&rft.atitle=Phonostatistics+and+Phonotactics+of+the+Syllable+in+Modern+Persian&rft.volume=89&rft.pages=14-15&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=0039-3282&rft.aulast=Alamolhoda&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Morleza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fojs.tsv.fi%2Findex.php%2FStOrE%2Fissue%2Fview%2F3422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FPersian" class="Z3988"></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ou/</span> becomes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> in the colloquial Tehrani dialect but is preserved in other Western dialects and standard Eastern Persian.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Persian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_L._Campbell" title="George L. Campbell">Campbell, George L.</a> (1995). "Persian". <i>Concise Compendium of the World's Languages</i> (1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415160499" title="Special:BookSources/0415160499"><bdi>0415160499</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31044817">31044817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persian&rft.btitle=Concise+Compendium+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=385&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31044817&rft.isbn=0415160499&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=George+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FPersian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajidiTernes1999" class="citation book cs1">Majidi, Mohammad-Reza; Ternes, Elmar (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_pes_phon-2">"Persian (Farsi)"</a>. <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521652360" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521652360"><bdi>978-0521652360</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/896414767">896414767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persian+%28Farsi%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=124-125&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F896414767&rft.isbn=978-0521652360&rft.aulast=Majidi&rft.aufirst=Mohammad-Reza&rft.au=Ternes%2C+Elmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frosettaproject_pes_phon-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FPersian" 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Persian&oldid=1248776542">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Persian&oldid=1248776542</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_Phonetic_Alphabet_help" title="Category:International Phonetic Alphabet help">International Phonetic Alphabet help</a></li></ul></div><div 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