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<li id="toc-Pre-Fatimid_Isma'ilism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Fatimid_Isma'ilism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Fatimid Isma'ilism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Fatimid_Isma'ilism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nizari_Isma'ilism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nizari_Isma'ilism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nizari Isma'ilism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nizari_Isma'ilism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tayyibi_Isma'ilism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tayyibi_Isma'ilism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tayyibi Isma'ilism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tayyibi_Isma'ilism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Satr</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ستر</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'concealment') is a term used by the <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ili">Isma'ili</a> <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> for various periods in their history where the true <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">imam</a> was hidden (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mastur</i></span>) and represented through agents. These periods of concealment (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">dawr al-satr</i></span>) might end with the renewed public manifestation of the imam, or continue until the present day. Entering into concealment did not mean that the line of imams stopped with the hidden imam; the Isma'ili concept is thus different from the concept of <a href="/wiki/Occultation_(Islam)" title="Occultation (Islam)">occultation</a> (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ghayba</i></span>) as conceived by the <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver Shi'a">Twelver Shi'a</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ismailism" title="Category:Ismailism">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion,_Persia,_19th_or_20th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ismail lion calligram"><img alt="Ismail lion calligram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion%2C_Persia%2C_19th_or_20th_century.jpg/200px-A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion%2C_Persia%2C_19th_or_20th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion%2C_Persia%2C_19th_or_20th_century.jpg/300px-A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion%2C_Persia%2C_19th_or_20th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion%2C_Persia%2C_19th_or_20th_century.jpg/400px-A_calligraphic_composition_in_the_form_of_a_lion%2C_Persia%2C_19th_or_20th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyya" title="Batiniyya">Batiniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">Ta'wil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">Ẓāhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">Bātin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">'Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm_(Arabic)" title="Ilm (Arabic)">ʿIlm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Daʿwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i" title="Da'i">Dāʿī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_(Shia_Islam)" title="Bab (Shia Islam)">Bāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Satr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqiya">Taqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pīr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology_(Ismailism)" title="Numerology (Ismailism)">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_Theology#Imami-Ismā'īlīs" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools of Islamic Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation#Islam" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_titles" title="List of Ismaili titles">Titles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Seven_pillars_of_Ismailism" title="Seven pillars of Ismailism">Seven Pillars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'lism</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nizari_Ismailism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nizari Ismailism">Nizarism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Branches/sects</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a></b> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Progressive Dawoodi Bohra">Progressive</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebtiahs_Bohra" title="Hebtiahs Bohra">Hebtiahs Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak">Atba-i-Malak Bohra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atba-e-Malak_Badar" title="Atba-e-Malak Badar">Badar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak_Vakil" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak Vakil">Vakil</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></b></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Seveners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><b>States</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarmatian">Qarmatian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty_of_Multan" title="Lodi dynasty of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanids_(Yemen)" title="Hamdanids (Yemen)">Hamdanid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Ismaili_state" title="Nizari Ismaili state">Nizari Ismaili state</a></li></ul> <p><b>People</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Fadl_al-Jayshani" title="Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani">ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Mansur_al-Yaman" title="Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman">ibn Mansur al-Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi">Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Numan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Numan">Qadi Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasafi" title="Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi">al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ya%27qub_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani">al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwa_al-Sulayhi" title="Arwa al-Sulayhi">Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan-i_Sabbah" title="Hasan-i Sabbah">Hasan-i Sabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Zikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_ad-Din_Sinan" title="Rashid ad-Din Sinan">Rashid ad-Din Sinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dai_of_the_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="List of Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra">Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_Nasir_Hunzai" title="Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai">Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai</a></li></ul> <p><b>Centers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjudan" title="Anjudan">Anjudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nizari_Ismaili_strongholds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nizari Ismaili strongholds">Nizārī strongholds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamut_Castle" title="Alamut Castle">Alamut </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atashgah_Castle" title="Atashgah Castle">Atashgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdkuh" title="Gerdkuh">Gerdkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambsar_Castle" title="Lambsar Castle">Lambsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masyaf_Castle" title="Masyaf Castle">Masyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maymun-Diz" title="Maymun-Diz">Maymun-Diz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudkhan_Castle" title="Rudkhan Castle">Rudkhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_al-Madiq" title="Qalaat al-Madiq">Qalaat al-Madiq</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Queen_Arwa" title="Palace of Queen Arwa">Palace of Queen Arwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Arwa_Mosque" title="Queen Arwa Mosque">Queen Arwa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz%C4%81r%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizārī">Nizārī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili_Constitution" title="Isma'ili Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegation_of_the_Ismaili_Imamat,_Ottawa" title="Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat, Ottawa">Delegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginans" title="Ginans">Ginans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Du%27a" title="Holy Du'a">Holy Du'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyama_(Nizari_Isma%27ilism)" title="Qiyama (Nizari Isma'ilism)">Qiyama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Manifesto" title="Baghdad Manifesto">Baghdad Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Knowledge" title="House of Knowledge">House of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ismailism" title="Women in Ismailism">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_imams" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ismaili imams">leaders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi_(Abadullah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Wafi (Abadullah)">ʿAbad Allāh <i>(al-Wāfī Ahmad)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Ahmed_ibn_Abadullah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah)">Ahmad <i>(al-Taqī Muhammad)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi Abdullah">Ḥusayn <i>(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qāʾim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">al-Manṣūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkami%27l-Lah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah">Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_al-Tayyib" title="Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib">Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Incumbent leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizārī Ismā'īlī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imām</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_V" title="Aga Khan V">Aga Khan V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Ismaili">Musta'li Ismaili</a>-<a href="/wiki/Taiyabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyabi">Taiyabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Haatim_Zakiyuddin" title="Haatim Zakiyuddin">Haatim Zakiyuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mufaddal_Saifuddin" title="Mufaddal Saifuddin">Mufaddal Saifuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taher_Fakhruddin" title="Taher Fakhruddin">Taher Fakhruddin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ismailism" title="Template:Ismailism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ismailism" title="Template talk:Ismailism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ismailism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ismailism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Fatimid_Isma'ilism"><span id="Pre-Fatimid_Isma.27ilism"></span>Pre-Fatimid Isma'ilism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Fatimid Isma'ilism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first period of concealment (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">dawr al-satr</i></span>) for the Isma'ilis began in 765, with the death of the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">imam</a> <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a>, and lasted until the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> in 909, when <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah</a> came forth as imam and caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, the Isma'ili imam was hidden (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mastur</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his return was expected by the Isma'ili faithful as the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">mahdi</a></i></span> ('the Rightly Guided One') or <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">qa'im</a></i></span> ('He Who Arises'), a messiah-like figure that would <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">usher in the end times</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201718_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201718-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199128–30_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199128–30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the early Isma'ilis, that <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mahdi</i></span> was al-Sadiq's grandson <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201718_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201718-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199127–28_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199127–28-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who according to the Isma'ili view had escaped <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> persecution by going into hiding (and is hence known by the epithet <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Maktum</i></span>, 'the Hidden').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary200788–90,_95–96_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary200788–90,_95–96-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mahdi</i></span> remained hidden, he was represented by an agent, living proof of the imam's existence, the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">hujja</a></i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">seal</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199129–30_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199129–30-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007117–118_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007117–118-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Already before his coming to power, al-Mahdi Billah broke with the notion that Muhammad ibn Isma'il was the hidden imam who would return as a messiah bringing the end times, declaring himself as one in a series of imams descended from Muhammad ibn Isma'il, that would continue after him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991144–145_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991144–145-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201735–37_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201735–37-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary200799–101_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary200799–101-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Fatimid-era Isma'ilis accepted the existence of hidden imams (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-a'imma al-masturun</i></span>) between Muhammad ibn Isma'il and al-Mahdi Billah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007712_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007712-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to later tradition, these were <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi" title="Ahmad al-Wafi">Abdallah al-Akbar</a> (the 8th imam), <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Isma%27ili)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Isma'ili)">Ahmad</a> (the 9th imam), and al-Mahdi Billah's father, <a href="/wiki/Radi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Radi Abdullah">al-Husayn</a> (the 10th imam).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007100,_507_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007100,_507-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nizari_Isma'ilism"><span id="Nizari_Isma.27ilism"></span>Nizari Isma'ilism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nizari Isma'ilism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1094, on the death of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">al-Mustansir Billah</a>, a succession struggle broke out between his sons, the older <a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizar</a> being sidelined by the younger <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">al-Musta'li</a> by the machinations of the vizier <a href="/wiki/Al-Afdal_Shahanshah" title="Al-Afdal Shahanshah">al-Afdal Shahanshah</a>. Nizar rose in revolt in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, but was defeated and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007241–242_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007241–242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017228–229_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017228–229-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in a schism in the Isma'ili movement into the <a href="/wiki/Nizari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musta%27li" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li">Musta'li</a> branches. The Nizari branch was led by <a href="/wiki/Hasan-i_Sabbah" title="Hasan-i Sabbah">Hasan-i Sabbah</a> in Persia, and found many adherents in the eastern Islamic lands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007242–243_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007242–243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017229–231_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017229–231-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the Nizaris, Nizar's death posed the problem of succession: contemporary sources attest that Nizar had a number of sons, but none had been designated as his successor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007325–326_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007325–326-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the absence of an imam, coinage from <a href="/wiki/Alamut_Castle" title="Alamut Castle">Alamut Castle</a>, the centre of Hasan-i Sabah's nascent <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ili_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari Isma'ili state">Nizari Isma'ili state</a> in central Persia, was minted with Nizar's regnal name of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Mustafa li-Din Allah</i></span> until 1162.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007326_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007326-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Nizaris soon came to believe that a grandson (or son) of Nizar had been smuggled out of Egypt and brought to Alamut, and was the rightful imam, living in concealment. Once again, the hidden imams were publicly represented by <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">hujja</i></span>s, in the person of Hasan and his successors. Three such hidden imams are held by modern Nizaris to have lived in Alamut in concealment: <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi_ibn_Nizar" title="Ali al-Hadi ibn Nizar">Ali al-Hadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi_(Nizari_imam)" title="Al-Muhtadi (Nizari imam)">Muhammad (I) al-Muhtadi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Qahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan al-Qahir">Hasan (I) al-Qahir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007301–302,_326,_509_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007301–302,_326,_509-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new period of concealment ended in 1164, when the Nizari imam <a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Alamut" title="Hassan II of Alamut">Hasan II</a> re-emerged in what is known as the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Qiyama_(Nizari_Isma%27ilism)" title="Qiyama (Nizari Isma'ilism)">qiyama</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In later times, the Nizaris developed the concept of (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">satr</i></span>) further: instead of the physical concealment of the imam, it came to mean a period in which the spiritual truth (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">haqa'iq</i></span>) had to be concealed; thus it became synonymous with the practice of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taqiyya" title="Taqiyya">taqiyya</a></i></span>, the dissimulation of one's true belief, up to and including the outward adoption of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, which was decreed by the imam <a href="/wiki/Hassan_III_of_Alamut" title="Hassan III of Alamut">Hasan III</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1210–1221</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tayyibi_Isma'ilism"><span id="Tayyibi_Isma.27ilism"></span>Tayyibi Isma'ilism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tayyibi Isma'ilism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1130, Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkam_Allah" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah">al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah</a> was murdered by Nizari agents. He left only an infant son, <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_al-Tayyib" title="Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib">Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib</a>, born a few months before. In the power struggle that followed, al-Tayyib disappeared, and his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">al-Hafiz</a>, assumed the caliphate and imamate in 1132.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246–247_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246–247-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This breach of the father-to-son succession caused a schism in Musta'li Isma'ilism, between those who accepted al-Hafiz (the '<a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizis</a>'), and those—mostly in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>—who upheld the rights of al-Tayyib (the '<a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibis</a>').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017265–266_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017265–266-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007248_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007248-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fate of al-Tayyib is unknown, as he disappears from the sources after al-Amir's death. Modern historians speculate that he either died in infancy or was killed by one of the contenders for power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246,_261_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246,_261-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017262–263_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017262–263-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tayyibi faithful, however, hold that al-Tayyib did not die, but that he had been entrusted by al-Amir to a certain Ibn Madyan, and that the infant had been hidden by Ibn Madyan and his helpers when Kutayfat came to power. Ibn Madyan was killed by Kutayfat, but his brother-in-law escaped with al-Tayyib, who now went into concealment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007261–262_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007261–262-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Tayyib is held to have died while still in concealment, but to have had descendants, who have provided a series of hidden imams that continue to the present day. The public leadership of the Tayyibi community was instead assumed by a succession of 'absolute missionaries' (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-mutlaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Da'i al-mutlaq">da'i al-mutlaq</a></i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cosmology">Cosmology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cosmology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">satr</i></span> is also an important part of Isma'ili cosmology, according to which the history of mankind comprises seven cycles (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">dawr</i></span>). The first six are eras of concealment, where the inner (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">batin</a></i></span>) truth of religion has to be concealed behind outer (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">zahir</a></i></span>) forms, i.e. religious precepts and laws. These truths would be revealed openly during the seventh era, a 'cycle of manifestation' (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">dawr al-kashf</i></span>) inaugurated by the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qa'im</i></span> and culminating in the end times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tayyibis further elaborated this scheme into an uninterrupted series of cycles composed of seven eras, where a cycle of concealment would be followed by one of manifestation. This process is held to culminate in the great resurrection (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qiyamat al-qiyamat</i></span>) that would be heralded by the final <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qa'im</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2004712_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2004">Daftary 2004</a>, p. 712.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201718-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201718_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201718_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2017">Brett 2017</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199128–30-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199128–30_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 28–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199127–28-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199127–28_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary200788–90,_95–96-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary200788–90,_95–96_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 88–90, 95–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199129–30-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199129–30_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007117–118-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007117–118_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991144–145-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991144–145_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201735–37-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201735–37_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2017">Brett 2017</a>, pp. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary200799–101-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary200799–101_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 99–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007712-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007712_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 712.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007100,_507-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007100,_507_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 100, 507.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007241–242-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007241–242_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 241–242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017228–229-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017228–229_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2017">Brett 2017</a>, pp. 228–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007242–243-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007242–243_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 242–243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017229–231-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017229–231_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2017">Brett 2017</a>, pp. 229–231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007325–326-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007325–326_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 325–326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007326-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007326_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007301–302,_326,_509-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007301–302,_326,_509_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 301–302, 326, 509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246–247-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246–247_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 246–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017265–266-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017265–266_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2017">Brett 2017</a>, pp. 265–266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007248-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007248_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246,_261-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007246,_261_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 246, 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett2017262–263-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett2017262–263_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2017">Brett 2017</a>, pp. 262–263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007261–262-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007261–262_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 261–262.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrett2017" class="citation book cs1">Brett, Michael (2017). <i>The Fatimid Empire</i>. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4076-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4076-8"><bdi>978-0-7486-4076-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fatimid+Empire&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.series=The+Edinburgh+History+of+the+Islamic+Empires&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-4076-8&rft.aulast=Brett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASatr+%28Isma%27ilism%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, Farhad</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8888">"Satr"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Peri_J._Bearman" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri J. Bearman">Bearman, P. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume XII:<i> Supplement</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">712–</span>713. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_8888">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8888</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13974-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13974-9"><bdi>978-90-04-13974-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Satr&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+XII%3A+Supplement&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E712-%3C%2Fspan%3E713&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_8888&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13974-9&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_8888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASatr+%28Isma%27ilism%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, Farhad</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSO9zh61AGEC"><i>The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines</i></a> (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-61636-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-61636-2"><bdi>978-0-521-61636-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ism%C4%81%CA%BF%C4%B1%CC%84l%C4%B1%CC%84s%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-61636-2&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcSO9zh61AGEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASatr+%28Isma%27ilism%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalm1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Halm" title="Heinz Halm">Halm, Heinz</a> (1991). <i>Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden</i> [<i>The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids</i>] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-35497-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-35497-7"><bdi>978-3-406-35497-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Reich+des+Mahdi%3A+Der+Aufstieg+der+Fatimiden&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-3-406-35497-7&rft.aulast=Halm&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASatr+%28Isma%27ilism%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&oldid=1256628039">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satr_(Isma%27ilism)&oldid=1256628039</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ismailism" title="Category:Ismailism">Ismailism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_terminology" title="Category:Islamic terminology">Islamic terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mahdism" title="Category:Mahdism">Mahdism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shia_eschatology" title="Category:Shia eschatology">Shia eschatology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 21:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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