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id="toc-As_main_word_choice_for_meaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_main_word_choice_for_meaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>As main word choice for meaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_main_word_choice_for_meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esoteric_or_specialist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esoteric_or_specialist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Esoteric or specialist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esoteric_or_specialist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Words_with_indirect_or_possible_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_with_indirect_or_possible_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Words with indirect or possible links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_with_indirect_or_possible_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Welsh_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Welsh_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Welsh English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Welsh_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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As with the Goidelic languages, the Brythonic tongues are close enough for possible derivations from <a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> in some cases. </p><p>Beyond the acquisition of common nouns, there are numerous English toponyms, surnames, personal names or nicknames derived from Welsh (see <a href="/wiki/Celtic_toponymy" title="Celtic toponymy">Celtic toponymy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic onomastics</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi.jpg/200px-Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Welsh Corgi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_main_word_choice_for_meaning">As main word choice for meaning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As main word choice for meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier words passing into English, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin" title="List of English words of Brittonic origin">List of English words of Brittonic origin</a>.</div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Bara_brith" title="Bara brith">bara brith</a></dt> <dd><i>speckled bread</i>. Traditional Welsh bread flavoured with tea, dried fruits and mixed spices.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">bard</a></dt> <dd>from Old Celtic <i>bardos</i>, either through Welsh <i>bardd</i> (where the bard was highly respected) or Scottish <i>bardis</i> (where it was a term of contempt); Cornish <i>bardh</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Cawl" title="Cawl">cawl</a></dt> <dd>a traditional Welsh soup/stew; Cornish <i>kowl</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">coracle</a></dt> <dd>from <i>corwgl</i>. This Welsh term was derived from the Latin <i>corium</i> meaning "leather or hide", the material from which coracles are made.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Corgi" title="Welsh Corgi">corgi</a></dt> <dd>from <i>cor</i>, "dwarf" + <i>gi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Soft_mutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft mutation">soft mutation</a> of <i>ci</i>), "dog".</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Cwm_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cwm (landform)">cwm</a></dt> <dd>(very specific geographic sense today) or coomb/combe (dated). Cornish; <i>komm</i>; passed into Old English where sometimes written 'cumb'</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Flannel" title="Flannel">flannel</a></dt> <dd>the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> says the etymology is "uncertain", but Welsh <i>gwlanen</i> = "flannel wool" is likely. An alternative source is Old French <i>flaine</i>, "blanket". The word has been adopted in most European languages. An earlier English form was <i>flannen</i>, which supports the Welsh etymology. Shakspeare's <a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a> contains the term "the Welsh flannel".<sup id="cite_ref-ErnestWeekley1921_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ErnestWeekley1921-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WalterSkeat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalterSkeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Flummery" title="Flummery">flummery</a></dt> <dd>from <i>llymru</i><sup id="cite_ref-ErnestWeekley1921_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ErnestWeekley1921-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WalterSkeat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalterSkeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pikelet" class="extiw" title="wikt:pikelet">pikelet</a></dt> <dd>a type of small, thick pancake. Derived from the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <i>bara pyglyd</i>, meaning "pitchy [i.e. dark or sticky] bread", later shortened simply to <i>pyglyd</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-edwards_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-luard_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luard-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early 17th century lexicographer, <a href="/wiki/Randle_Cotgrave" title="Randle Cotgrave">Randle Cotgrave</a>, spoke of "our Welsh barrapycleds".<sup id="cite_ref-eds_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eds-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nq_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nq-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word spread initially to the West Midlands of England,<sup id="cite_ref-wilson_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it was anglicised to <i>picklets</i> and then to <i>pikelets</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nq_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nq-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recognisable crumpet-type recipe was for <i>picklets</i>, published in 1769 by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Raffald" title="Elizabeth Raffald">Elizabeth Raffald</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper" title="The Experienced English Housekeeper">The Experienced English Housekeeper</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-davidson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davidson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Wrasse" title="Wrasse">wrasse</a></dt> <dd>a kind of sea fish (derived via Cornish <i>wrach</i>, Welsh <i>gwrach</i> (meaning hag or witch)).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esoteric_or_specialist">Esoteric or specialist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Esoteric or specialist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">cist</a></dt> <dd>(archaeological) a stone-lined coffin</dd> <dt><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cromlech" class="extiw" title="wikt:cromlech">cromlech</a></dt> <dd>from <i>crom llech</i> literally "crooked flat stone"</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">crwth</a></dt> <dd>"a bowed lyre"</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Kistvaen" title="Kistvaen">kistvaen</a></dt> <dd>from <i><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">cist</a></i> (chest) and <i>maen</i> (stone).</dd> <dt><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lech" class="extiw" title="wikt:lech">lech</a> /lɛk/</dt> <dd>capstone of a cromlech, see above<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>tref</dt> <dd>meaning “hamlet, home, town.”;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornish <i>tre</i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Words_with_indirect_or_possible_links">Words with indirect or possible links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Words with indirect or possible links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar cognates across <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic (gaelic)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic languages">Brittonic</a> families makes isolating a precise origin hard. This applies to <i>cross</i> from Latin <i>crux</i>, Old Irish <i>cros</i> overtaking Old English <i>rood</i> ; appearing in Welsh and Cornish as <i>Croes</i>, <i>Krows</i>. It complicates <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Welsh language">Old Welsh</a> attributions for, in popular and technical topography, <a href="/wiki/Tor_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (geography)">Tor</a> (OW <i>tŵr</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">crag</a> (Old Welsh <i>carreg</i> or <i>craig</i>) with competing Celtic derivations, direct and indirect, for the Old English antecedents. </p> <dl><dt><b>coombe</b></dt> <dd>meaning "valley", is usually linked with the Welsh <i>cwm</i>, also meaning "valley", Cornish and Breton <i>komm</i>. However, the OED traces both words back to an earlier Celtic word, *<i><span title="Celtic languages collective text"><i lang="cel">kumbos</i></span></i>. It suggests a direct <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> derivation for "coombe". <dl><dd>(Coumba, or coumbo, is the common western-alpine vernacular word for "glen", and considered genuine gaulish (celtic-ligurian branch). Found in many toponyms of the western Alps like Coumboscuro (Grana valley), Bellecombe and Coumbafréide (Aoste), Combette (Suse), Coumbal dou Moulin (Valdensian valleys). Although seldom used, the word "combe" is included into major standard-french dictionaries. This could justify the celtic origin thesis).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><b><a href="/wiki/Crumpet" title="Crumpet">crumpet</a></b></dt> <dd>Welsh <i>crempog, cramwyth</i>, Cornish <i>krampoeth</i> or Breton <i>Krampouezh</i>; 'little hearth cakes'</dd> <dt><b><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">druid</a></b></dt> <dd>From the Old Celtic <i>derwijes</i>/<i>derwos</i> ("true knowledge" or literally "they who know the oak") from which the modern Welsh word <i>derwydd</i> evolved, but travelled to English through Latin (<i>druidae</i>) and French (<i>druide</i>)</dd> <dt><b><a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a></b></dt> <dd>from either Welsh or Cornish;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welsh <i>gwylan</i>, Cornish <i>guilan</i>, Breton <i>goelann</i>; all from O.Celt. *<span title="Celtic languages collective text"><i lang="cel">voilenno</i></span>- "gull" (OE <i>mæw</i>)</dd> <dt><b><a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">penguin</a></b></dt> <dd>possibly from <i>pen gwyn</i>, "white head". "The fact that the penguin has a black head is no serious objection."<sup id="cite_ref-ErnestWeekley1921_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ErnestWeekley1921-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WalterSkeat_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WalterSkeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton language</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish Language">Cornish Language</a>, which are all closely related. However, dictionaries suggest the derivation is from <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <i>pen</i> "head" and <i>gwyn</i> "white", including the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OED_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AHD_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Century_Dictionary" title="Century Dictionary">Century Dictionary</a><sup id="cite_ref-Century_Dictionary_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Century_Dictionary-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MW_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the basis that the name was originally applied to the <a href="/wiki/Great_auk" title="Great auk">great auk</a>, which had white spots in front of its eyes (although its head was black). <i>Pen gwyn</i> is identical in Cornish and in Breton. An alternative etymology links the word to Latin <i>pinguis</i>, which means "fat". In Dutch, the alternative word for penguin is "fat-goose" (vetgans see: Dutch wiki or dictionaries under Pinguïn), and would indicate this bird received its name from its appearance.</dd> <dt>Mither</dt> <dd>An English word possibly from the Welsh word "moedro" meaning to bother or pester someone. Possible links to the Yorkshire variant "moither"</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Welsh_English">In Welsh English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In Welsh English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg/200px-National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg/300px-National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg/400px-National_Eisteddfod_Maes_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Eisteddfod</figcaption></figure> <p>These are the words widely used by <a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a> speakers, with little or no Welsh, and are used with original spelling (largely used in Wales but less often by others when referring to Wales): </p> <dl><dt>afon</dt> <dd>river</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Awdl" title="Awdl">awdl</a></dt> <dd>ode</dd> <dt>bach</dt> <dd>literally "small", a term of affection</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">cromlech</a></dt> <dd>defined at esoteric/specialist terms section above</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">cwm</a></dt> <dd>a valley</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">crwth</a></dt> <dd>originally meaning "swelling" or "pregnant"</dd> <dt>cwrw</dt> <dd>Welsh ale or beer</dd> <dt>cwtch</dt> <dd>hug, cuddle, small cupboard, dog's kennel/bed<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Cynghanedd" title="Cynghanedd">cynghanedd</a></dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">eisteddfod</a></dt> <dd>broad cultural festival, "session/sitting" from eistedd "to sit" (from sedd "seat," cognate with L. sedere; see sedentary) + bod "to be" (cognate with O.E. beon; see be).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><dl><dt>Urdd Eisteddfod (in Welsh "Eisteddfod Yr Urdd"), the youth Eisteddfod</dt></dl></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Englyn" title="Englyn">englyn</a></dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Gorsedd" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorsedd">gorsedd</a></dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Hiraeth" title="Hiraeth">hiraeth</a></dt> <dd>homesickness tinged with grief or sadness over the lost or departed. It is a mix of longing, yearning, nostalgia, wistfulness, or an earnest desire.</dd> <dt>hwyl</dt> <dt>iechyd da</dt> <dd>cheers, or literally "good health"</dd> <dt>mochyn</dt> <dd>pig</dd> <dt>nant</dt> <dd>stream</dd> <dt><span title="Welsh-language text"><span lang="cy" style="font-style: normal;">sglod, sglods</span></span></dt> <dd>latter contrasts to Welsh plural which is sglodion. Chips (England); fries (United States); french-fried potatoes such as from takeaways (used in Flintshire)</dd> <dt>twp/dwp</dt> <dd>idiotic, daft</dd> <dt>ych â fi</dt> <dd>an expression of disgust</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Welsh" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:English terms derived from Welsh">Category:English terms derived from Welsh</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary_of_Welsh_Words_of_English_Origin" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary of Welsh Words of English Origin">Appendix:Glossary of Welsh Words of English Origin</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Lists of English words of Celtic origin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin" title="List of English words of Brittonic origin">List of English words of Brittonic origin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittonicisms_in_English" title="Brittonicisms in English">Brittonicisms in English</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Förster <i>Keltisches Wortgut im Englischen</i>, 1921, cited by <a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/English_and_Welsh" title="English and Welsh">English and Welsh</a></i>, 1955. "many 'English' surnames, ranging from the rarest to the most familiar, are linguistically derived from Welsh, from place-names, patronymics, personal names, or nick-names; or are in part so derived, even when that origin is no longer obvious. Names such as Gough, Dewey, Yarnal, Merrick, Onions, or Vowles, to mention only a few."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+South+Wales&rft.atitle=What+is+a+%27cwtch%27%3F&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southwales.ac.uk%2Fstory%2F926%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+words+of+Welsh+origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=eisteddfod">"eisteddfod | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=eisteddfod+%26%23124%3B+Search+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Deisteddfod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+words+of+Welsh+origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_words_of_foreign_origin" title="Template:English words of foreign origin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_words_of_foreign_origin" title="Template talk:English words of foreign origin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_words_of_foreign_origin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English words of foreign origin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_words_of_foreign_origin166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_by_country_or_language_of_origin" title="Lists of English words by country or language of origin">English words of foreign origin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_African_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of African origin">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_slang_words" title="List of South African slang words">South African</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Afrikaans_origin" title="List of English words of Afrikaans origin">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Zulu_origin" title="List of English words of Zulu origin">Zulu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_from_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words from indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of the Americas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin" title="List of English words of Arabic origin">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">star names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Chinese_origin" title="List of English words of Chinese origin">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hebrew_origin" title="List of English words of Hebrew origin">Hebrew</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indian_origin" title="List of English words of Indian origin">India</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dravidian_origin" title="List of English words of Dravidian origin">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sanskrit_origin" title="List of English words of Sanskrit origin">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indonesian_origin" title="List of English words of Indonesian origin">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Korean_origin" title="List of English words of Korean origin">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Malay_origin" title="List of English words of Malay origin">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Persian_origin" title="List of English words of Persian origin">Persian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Philippine_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Philippine origin">Philippines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Turkic_origin" title="List of English words of Turkic origin">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Etruscan_origin" title="List of English words of Etruscan origin">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Greek_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Greek origin">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English" title="List of Greek morphemes used in English">morphemes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romani_origin" title="List of English words of Romani origin">Romani</a></li> <li>Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Czech_origin" title="List of English words of Czech origin">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polish_origin" title="List of English words of Polish origin">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Russian_origin" title="List of English words of Russian origin">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Ukrainian_origin" title="List of English words of Ukrainian origin">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uralic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Finnish_origin" title="List of English words of Finnish origin">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hungarian_origin" title="List of English words of Hungarian origin">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sami_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Sami origin">Sami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin" title="List of English words of Brittonic origin">Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of English words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Irish_origin" title="List of English words of Irish origin">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scottish_Gaelic_origin" title="List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of English words of Dutch origin">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of place names of Dutch origin">place names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_places_with_Dutch_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian places with Dutch names">Australia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_expressions_in_English" title="List of German expressions in English">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-German_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-German words adapted to English">pseudo-German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Norwegian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Norwegian origin">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scots_origin" title="List of English words of Scots origin">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Swedish_origin" title="List of English words of Swedish origin">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Yiddish_origin" title="List of English words of Yiddish origin">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="List of English words of French origin">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_expressions_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French expressions in English">expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_with_dual_French_and_Anglo-Saxon_variations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations">with Anglo-Saxon variations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-French_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-French words adapted to English">pseudo-French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Italian_origin" title="List of English words of Italian origin">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English" title="List of Italian musical terms used in English">musical terms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Latin_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Latin origin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Portuguese_origin" title="List of English words of Portuguese origin">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romanian_origin" title="List of English words of Romanian origin">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Spanish_origin" title="List of English words of Spanish origin">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Australian_Aboriginal_origin" title="List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin">Australian aboriginal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hawaiian_origin" title="List of English words of Hawaiian origin">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_M%C4%81ori_origin" title="List of English words of Māori origin">Māori</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polynesian_origin" title="List of English words of Polynesian origin">Polynesian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Welsh_language494" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_language" title="Template:Welsh language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_language" title="Template talk:Welsh language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welsh_language494" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Welsh_language" title="History of the Welsh language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Welsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Welsh">Modern Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treachery_of_the_Blue_Books" title="Treachery of the Blue Books">Treachery of the Blue Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Not" title="Welsh Not">Welsh Not</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_grammar" title="Welsh grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li>Morphology <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colloquial_Welsh_morphology" title="Colloquial Welsh morphology">colloquial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_Welsh_morphology" title="Literary Welsh morphology">literary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_syntax" title="Welsh syntax">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_numerals" title="Welsh numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singulative_number" title="Singulative number">Singulative number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">Orthography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%BC" title="Ỽ">Ỽ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_with_loop" title="Y with loop">Y with loop</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dictionaries <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geiriadur_Prifysgol_Cymru" title="Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Academy_English%E2%80%93Welsh_Dictionary" title="Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary">Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_toponymy" title="Welsh toponymy">Toponymy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_place_names_in_other_countries" title="Welsh place names in other countries">outside Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Welsh_origin_in_the_United_States" title="List of place names of Welsh origin in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Wales" title="Road signs in Wales">on road signage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_exonyms" title="Welsh exonyms">Exonyms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_authors" title="List of Welsh-language authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Welsh_literature" title="Medieval Welsh literature">Medieval Welsh literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-medium_education" title="Welsh-medium education">Welsh-medium education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudiad_Ysgolion_Meithrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin">Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wlpan" title="Wlpan">Wlpan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Welsh" title="Bible translations into Welsh">Bible translations into Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_comics" title="Welsh-language comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-language_magazines" title="Category:Welsh-language magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-language_newspapers" title="Category:Welsh-language newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-language_novels" title="Category:Welsh-language novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_in_Welsh" title="Category:Poems in Welsh">Poetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-speaking_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh-speaking population">Welsh-speaking population</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y_Fro_Gymraeg" title="Y Fro Gymraeg">Y Fro Gymraeg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_areas_by_percentage_of_Welsh-speakers" title="List of Welsh areas by percentage of Welsh-speakers">by county or county borough in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsker_Line" title="Landsker Line">Landsker Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Tract" title="Welsh Tract">Welsh Tract</a> (historical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-language_surnames" title="Category:Welsh-language surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-speaking_politicians" title="List of Welsh-speaking politicians">Politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-speaking_people_by_occupation" title="Category:Welsh-speaking people by occupation">Other occupations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_media" title="List of Welsh-language media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_programmes" title="List of Welsh-language programmes">Programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_S4C" title="Timeline of S4C">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Cymru" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital Cymru">Capital Cymru</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golwg" title="Golwg">Golwg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golwg360" title="Golwg360">Golwg360</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maes-e" title="Maes-e">Maes-e</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tafod_y_Ddraig" title="Tafod y Ddraig">Tafod y Ddraig</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y_Cymro" title="Y Cymro">Y Cymro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barn_(Welsh_magazine)" title="Barn (Welsh magazine)">Barn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-language_music" title="Category:Welsh-language music">Music</a> and festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Eisteddfod_of_Wales" title="National Eisteddfod of Wales">National Eisteddfod of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdd_National_Eisteddfod" title="Urdd National Eisteddfod">Urdd National Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesiwn_Fawr_Dolgellau" title="Sesiwn Fawr Dolgellau">Sesiwn Fawr Dolgellau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shwmae_Sumae_Day" title="Shwmae Sumae Day">Shwmae Sumae Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafwyl" title="Tafwyl">Tafwyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Selar_Awards" title="Y Selar Awards">Y Selar Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Music_Day" title="Welsh Language Music Day">Welsh Language Music Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Learner_of_the_Year" title="Welsh Learner of the Year">Welsh Learner of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nant_Gwrtheyrn" title="Nant Gwrtheyrn">Nant Gwrtheyrn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh-language_films" title="Category:Welsh-language films">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyfedeg" title="Dyfedeg">Dyfedeg</a> (south-western)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyseg" title="Gwenhwyseg">Gwenhwyseg</a> (south-eastern)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyndodeg" title="Gwyndodeg">Gwyndodeg</a> (north-western) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cofi_dialect" title="Cofi dialect">Cofi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powyseg" title="Powyseg">Powyseg</a> (north/central-eastern)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_Welsh" title="Patagonian Welsh">Patagonian Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_for_Economy,_Energy_and_Welsh_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Energy and Welsh Language">Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Energy and Welsh Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Commissioner" title="Welsh Language Commissioner">Welsh Language Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Board" title="Welsh Language Board">Welsh Language Board</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arfor" title="Arfor">Arfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleg_Cymraeg_Cenedlaethol" title="Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol">Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymdeithas_y_Dysgwyr" title="Cymdeithas y Dysgwyr">Cymdeithas y Dysgwyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymreigyddion_y_Fenni" title="Cymreigyddion y Fenni">Cymreigyddion y Fenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Language_Society" title="Welsh Language Society">Welsh Language Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymuned" title="Cymuned">Cymuned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyfodol_i%27r_Iaith" title="Dyfodol i'r Iaith">Dyfodol i'r Iaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menter_Iaith" title="Menter Iaith">Menter Iaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudiad_Adfer" title="Mudiad Adfer">Mudiad Adfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdd_Gobaith_Cymru" title="Urdd Gobaith Cymru">Urdd Gobaith Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Welsh_Translators_and_Interpreters" title="Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters">Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters</a></li> <li><a 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(Wales) Measure 2011">Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales_(Official_Languages)_Act_2012" title="National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012">National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/16px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/24px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/32px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a 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