CINXE.COM
View source for Battle of Nam River - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for Battle of Nam River - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"04317f85-4146-4f52-a7dc-8f78bb3fcd55","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Battle_of_Nam_River","wgTitle":"Battle of Nam River","wgCurRevisionId":1232350263,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":29777986,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Battle_of_Nam_River","wgRelevantArticleId":29777986,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Battle_Trophy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="972"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Battle_Trophy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="648"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="518"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for Battle of Nam River - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Battle_of_Nam_River rootpage-Battle_of_Nam_River skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Nam+River&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Nam+River&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Nam+River&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Nam+River&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for Battle of Nam River</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Nam_River" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=edit" title="Edit this page"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Battle_of_Nam_River" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Battle_of_Nam_River" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBattle_of_Nam_River%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBattle_of_Nam_River%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2890901" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River" title="Battle of Nam River">Battle of Nam River</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">L235</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">Jon Kolbert</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{short description|1950 battle during the Korean War}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of Nam River | partof = the [[Battle of Pusan Perimeter]] | image = [[File:Battle Trophy.jpg|300px|alt=Soldiers hold a North Korean flag]] | caption = Troops of the US 35th Infantry display a North Korean flag captured along the Nam River | date = August 31 – September 19, 1950 | place = [[Nam River (Korea)|Nam River]], [[South Korea]] | result = United Nations victory | combatant1 = {{Flag|United States|1912}}<br>{{Flagcountry|First Republic of Korea|1949|size=23px}} | combatant2 = {{Flag|North Korea|1948}} | commander1 = {{Flagicon|United States|1912}} [[William B. Kean]] | commander2 = [[Pang Ho-san|Pang Ho San]]<br>Paek Nak Chil | units1 = {{Flagicon|United States|1912}} [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]]<br> *[[27th Infantry Regiment (United States)|27th Infantry Regiment]] *[[35th Infantry Regiment (United States)|35th Infantry Regiment]] {{Flagicon|First Republic of Korea|1949|size=23px}} [[National Police Agency (South Korea)|National Police]] | units2 = [[6th Division (North Korea)|6th Division]] *13th Infantry Regiment *14th Infantry Regiment *15th Infantry Regiment [[7th Division (North Korea)|7th Division]] *30th Infantry Regiment *31st Infantry Regiment *32nd Infantry Regiment | strength1 = ~15,000 | strength2 = 20,000 | casualties1 = ~275 killed<br>~625 wounded | casualties2 = ~11,000 killed and deserted | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Korean War}} {{Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter}} }} The '''Battle of Nam River''' was an engagement between the [[United Nations Command]] (UN) and [[North Korea]]n forces early in the [[Korean War]] from August 31 to September 19, 1950, in the vicinity of the [[Nam River (Korea)|Nam River]] and the [[Naktong River]] in [[South Korea]]. It was a part of the [[Battle of Pusan Perimeter]], and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United Nations after [[United States Army]] (US) troops repelled a [[Korean People's Army]] (KPA) attack across the river. Positioned in defense of [[Masan]] during the [[Battle of Masan]], the US [[35th Infantry Regiment (United States)|35th Infantry Regiment]], [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]] took up positions along the Nam River, one of the many tributaries of the Naktong River on the southern flank of the Pusan Perimeter. The KPA [[7th Division (North Korea)|7th Division]] crossed the river on August 31, and though the 35th Infantry stemmed the KPA advance, thousands of KPA troops exploited a hole in the line and surrounded the regiment. What followed was an intense battle in which the US and KPA units were heavily engaged all along and behind the Kum River line. Eventually, the KPA force was routed by the US troops. During the battle, the US Army's 35th Infantry division was instrumental in forcing back the KPA division and preventing it from advancing to capture [[Pusan]]. The 35th Infantry's performance in the battle earned the regiment a [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]]. ==Background== === Pusan Perimeter === {{Main|Battle of Pusan Perimeter}} From the outbreak of the Korean War and the invasion of South Korea by the North, the KPA had enjoyed superiority in both manpower and equipment over both the [[Republic of Korea Army]] (ROK) and the UN forces dispatched to South Korea to prevent it from collapsing.<ref name="Apple392">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=392}}</ref> The KPA tactics were to aggressively pursue UN forces on all avenues of approach south and to engage them aggressively, [[Frontal assault|attacking from the front]] and initiating a [[double envelopment]] of both flanks of the unit, which allowed the KPA to surround and cut off the opposing force, which would then be forced to retreat in disarray, often leaving behind much of its equipment.<ref name="Var6">{{harvnb|Varhola|2000|p=6}}</ref> From their initial June 25 offensive to fights in July and early August, the KPA used these tactics to effectively defeat any UN force and push it south.<ref name="Fehr138">{{harvnb|Fehrenbach|2001|p=138}}</ref> However, when the UN forces, under the [[Eighth United States Army]], established the [[Pusan Perimeter]] in August, the UN troops held a continuous line along the peninsula which KPA troops could not flank, and their advantages in numbers decreased daily as the [[Logistics at the Battle of Pusan Perimeter|superior UN logistical system]] brought in more troops and supplies to the UN forces.<ref name="Apple393">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=393}}</ref> [[File:Naktong Defense.jpg|thumb|left|250px|alt=Topographic map of a defensive line along the southeast tip of a peninsula|Map of the Pusan Perimeter Defensive line in September 1950 the Kyongju corridor is the northeasternmost sector.]] When the KPA approached the Pusan Perimeter on August 5, they attempted the same frontal assault technique on the four main avenues of approach into the perimeter. Throughout August, the KPA [[6th Division (North Korea)|6th Division]], and later the KPA 7th Division, engaged the US [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]] at the [[Battle of Masan]], initially repelling a UN [[counteroffensive]] before countering with battles at [[Battle of Komam-ni|Komam-ni]]<ref name="Apple367">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=367}}</ref> and [[Battle of Battle Mountain|Battle Mountain]].<ref name="Bowers149">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=149}}</ref> These attacks stalled as UN forces, well equipped and with plenty of [[reserve (military)|reserves]], repeatedly repelled KPA attacks.<ref name="Apple369">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=369}}</ref> North of Masan, the KPA 4th Division and the US [[24th Infantry Division (United States)|24th Infantry Division]] sparred in the [[Naktong Bulge]] area. In the [[First Battle of Naktong Bulge]], the KPA division was unable to hold its [[bridgehead]] across the river as large numbers of US reserve forces were brought in to repel it, and on August 19, the KPA 4th Division was forced back across the river with 50 percent casualties.<ref>{{harvnb|Fehrenbach|2001|p=130}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Alexander|2003|p=139}}</ref> In the [[Taegu]] region, five KPA divisions were repulsed by three UN divisions in several attempts to attack the city during the [[Battle of Taegu]].<ref name="Apple353">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=353}}</ref><ref name="Alex143">{{harvnb|Alexander|2003|p=143}}</ref> Particularly heavy fighting took place at the [[Battle of the Bowling Alley]] where the KPA [[13th Division (North Korea)|13th Division]] was almost completely destroyed in the attack.<ref name="Catch31">{{harvnb|Catchpole|2001|p=31}}</ref> On the east coast, three more KPA divisions were repulsed by the ROK at [[P'ohang-dong]] during the [[Battle of P'ohang-dong]].<ref name="Fehr136">{{harvnb|Fehrenbach|2001|p=136}}</ref> All along the front, the KPA troops were reeling from these defeats, the first time in the war their tactics were not working.<ref name="Fehr135">{{harvnb|Fehrenbach|2001|p=135}}</ref> === September push === {{Main|The Great Naktong Offensive}} In planning its new offensive, the KPA command decided any attempt to flank the UN force was impossible thanks to the support of the [[Battle of Pusan Perimeter order of battle#Sea|UN naval forces]].<ref name="Catch31"/> Instead, they opted to use a frontal attack to breach the perimeter and collapse it; this was considered to be the only hope of achieving success in the battle.<ref name="Apple393"/> Fed by intelligence from the [[Soviet Union]], the North Koreans were aware of the UN forces building up along the Pusan Perimeter and that they must conduct an offensive soon or they could not win the battle.<ref name="Fehr139">{{harvnb|Fehrenbach|2001|p=139}}</ref> A secondary objective was to surround Taegu and destroy the UN units in that city. As part of this mission, the KPA would first cut the supply lines to Taegu.<ref name="Mill508">{{harvnb|Millett|2000|p=508}}</ref><ref name="Alexander181"/> On August 20, the KPA commands distributed [[operations order]]s to their subordinate units.<ref name="Fehr139"/> The plan called for a simultaneous five-prong attack against the UN lines. These attacks would overwhelm the UN defenders and allow the KPA to break through the lines in at least one place to force the UN forces back. Five battle groupings were ordered.<ref name="Apple395">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=395}}</ref> In the southern part of its sector, where the US 25th Infantry Division held the UN line, KPA [[I Corps (North Korea)|I Corps]] planned a strong attack, coordinating it with an attack against the US 2nd Infantry Division to the north.<ref name=Alexander132>{{harvnb|Alexander|2003|p=132}}</ref> The KPA 6th and 7th Divisions received their attack orders on August 20. The plan called for KPA I Corps to assault all along the line at 22:00 on August 31.<ref name="Apple438"/> The 6th Division, farthest south on the right flank, was to attack through Haman, Masan, and [[Chinhae]] and then capture [[Kumhae]], on the west side of the Naktong River delta {{convert|15|mi}} from Pusan, by September 3.<ref name="Bowers157">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=157}}</ref> The division zone of attack was to be south of the highway from Chinju to Komam-ni to Masan.<ref name="Bowers149"/> The 7th Division, next in line north of the 6th Division, was to attack north of the Masan highway, wheel left to the Naktong, and wait for the 6th Division on its right and the KPA [[9th Division (North Korea)|9th Division]] on its left to join it.<ref name="Bowers157"/> Part of the 7th Division was concentrated in the Uiryong area west of the Nam River. This plan pitted the 6th Division against the US 24th Infantry Regiment and the 7th Division against the US [[35th Infantry Regiment (United States)|35th Infantry Regiment]].<ref name="Apple438">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=438}}</ref> As a part of this plan, the KPA 6th Division had been engaging the 24th Infantry at [[Battle of Battle Mountain|Battle Mountain]] for several weeks prior, with no gains for either side.<ref name="Bowers148">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=148}}</ref> ==Battle== === North Korean crossing === The KPA 7th Division troops committed all of their effort into attacking the US 35th Infantry line.<ref name=Alexander181>{{harvnb|Alexander|2003|p=181}}</ref> At 23:30 on August 31, a KPA [[SU-76]] self-propelled high-velocity gun from across the Nam fired shells into the position of G Company, 35th Infantry, overlooking the river.<ref name="Apple442"/> Within a few minutes, KPA artillery was attacking all front-line rifle [[company (military)|companies]] of the regiment from the Namji-ri bridge west.<ref name="Bowers157"/><ref name=Alexander183>{{harvnb|Alexander|2003|p=183}}</ref> Under cover of this fire a reinforced [[regiment]] of the KPA 7th Division crossed the Nam River and attacked F and G Companies, 35th Infantry.<ref name="Bowers158">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=158}}</ref> Other KPA soldiers crossed the Nam on an [[underwater bridge]] in front of the paddy ground north of Komam-ni and near the boundary between the 2nd Battalion, led by [[US Lieutenant Colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] John L. Wilkins, Jr., holding the river front and Lieutenant Colonel Bernard G. Teeter's 1st Battalion holding the hill line that stretched from the Nam River to Sibidang-san and the Chinju-Masan highway.<ref name="Apple442">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=442}}</ref> The 35th Infantry, facing shortages of materiel and reinforcements, was under-equipped but nonetheless prepared for an attack.<ref name="Bowers159">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=159}}</ref> [[File:Char T-34.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A large, heavily armed and armored tank outside a modern-day museum|The T-34 tank was standard armor used by the North Korean Army in 1950 and was also present at Masan]] At the river ferry crossing site in the low ground between these two battalions, the regimental commander placed 300 [[ROK National Police]], expecting them to hold there long enough to serve as a warning for the rest of the forces.<ref name="Bowers162">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=162}}</ref> Guns from the flanking hills there could cover the low ground with fire. Back at Komam-ni he held the 3rd Battalion ready for use in counterattack to stop a KPA penetration should it occur.<ref name="Apple442"/> Unexpectedly, the National Police companies near the ferry scattered at the first KPA fire.<ref name=Alexander183/> At 00:30, KPA troops streamed through this hole in the line, some turning left to take G Company in its flank and rear, and others turned right to attack C Company, which was on a spur of ground west of the Komam-ni road.<ref name="Bowers162"/> Elements of C and D Companies formed a defense line along the dike at the north edge of Komam-ni where US tanks joined them at dawn. The KPA, however, did not drive for the Komam-ni road fork {{convert|4|mi}} south of the river as the US commander, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Fisher had expected; instead, they turned east into the hills behind 2nd Battalion.<ref name="Apple442"/> The position of B Company, 35th Infantry, on the {{convert|1100|ft}} Sibidang-san, flanked the Masan road {{convert|2|mi}} west of Komam-ni and gave the company a commanding view over the surrounding countryside. It was a key position in the 25th Division line, and 25th Division commander General [[William B. Kean]] was aware the KPA would consider it important ground to target for attack.<ref name="Bowers161">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=161}}</ref> The KPA preparatory barrage there lasted from 11:30 to midnight. Under this cover, two battalions of the KPA 13th Regiment, 6th Division, moved up within {{convert|150|yd}} of the American foxholes. At the same time, KPA [[T-34]] tanks, SU-76 self-propelled guns, and antitank guns moved toward Komam-ni on the road at the foot of Sibidang-san. A US [[M4A3 Sherman]] tank there destroyed a T-34 just after midnight, and a [[Bazooka#Rocket Launcher, M20 "Super Bazooka"|3.5-inch Bazooka]] team destroyed a self-propelled gun and several 45&nbsp;mm antitank guns.<ref name="Apple442"/> On the crest of Sibidang-san, an antipersonnel minefield stopped the first KPA infantry assault. More attacks followed in quick succession, all of which were repulsed by the US troops' superior firepower.<ref name="Bowers162"/> By 02:30 the B Company riflemen were so depleted of ammunition that they began stripping machine-gun bullets from the ammunition belts and using them in their rifles. The 1st Platoon of C Company, at the base of the mountain behind B Company, climbed Sibidang-san in 45 minutes with an ammunition resupply for the company. Just before dawn the KPA attack subsided. Daylight revealed a vast amount of abandoned KPA equipment scattered on the slope just below the crest, including 33 machine-guns. Among the KPA dead was the commanding officer of the 13th Regiment.<ref name="Apple443">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=443}}</ref> At daybreak on September 1, a relief force of C Company headquarters troops, led by US tanks, cleared the road to Sibidang-san and resupplied the 2nd [[Platoon]], B Company, with ammunition just in time for it to repel another KPA assault. This failed assault resulted in the killing of 77 and capturing of 21 KPA.<ref name="Apple443"/> Although the 35th Infantry held all its original positions, except that of the forward platoon of G Company, 3,000 KPA soldiers were behind its lines.<ref name=Alexander183/><ref name="Bowers162"/> The farthest eastern penetration reached the high ground just south of [[Chirwon]] overlooking the north–south road there.<ref name="Apple443"/> In the meantime, the KPA 6th Division had made breakthroughs in the US 24th Infantry sector to the south, overwhelming the regiment and forcing it back. The 2nd Battalion, 24th Infantry, on the ridges overlooking Haman, was pushed back as its soldiers retreated without orders.<ref name="Bowers160">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=160}}</ref> Survivors from the 24th Infantry's 1st and 2nd battalions later appeared in the 35th's lines, and the regimental commanders found that the entire regiment had crumbled under KPA attack. Kean ordered the 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry to move in and help restore the 24th's position.<ref name="Bowers164">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=164}}</ref> === North Korean infiltration === In a counterattack after daylight, K Company and tanks had partially regained control of the ridges overlooking Haman, but not completely.<ref name="Apple470"/> Large numbers of KPA were behind the battle positions of the 35th Infantry as far as the Chirwon-ni and Chung-ni areas, {{convert|6|mi}} east of Komam-ni and the front positions. The KPA continued to cross the Nam River after daylight on September 1 in the general area of the gap between the 1st and 2nd Battalions.<ref name="Bowers162"/> UN observation aircraft spotted an estimated four companies crossing there and directed fire of the 64th Field Artillery Battalion on the crossing force, which destroyed an estimated three-fourths of it. Fighter planes then strafed the survivors. Another large group of KPA were spotted in the open at the river later in the day and American aircraft directed artillery fire on the column, with an estimated 200 KPA casualties.<ref name="Apple470">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=470}}</ref> The KPA I Corps plan of attack below the Nam River was for its 6th Division to push east along the main Chinju-Komam-ni-Masan highway through the 1st Battalion, 35th Infantry, and at the same time for major elements of its 7th Division to swing southeast behind the 2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry, and cut the Chirwon road.<ref name="Bowers162"/> This road crossed the Naktong River over the cantilever steel bridge at Namji-ri from the US 2nd Infantry Division zone and ran south through Chirwon to join the main Masan highway {{convert|8|mi}} east of Komam-ni near the village of Chung-ni, {{convert|4|mi}} northwest of Masan. These two avenues of approach, the Komam-ni-Masan highway and the Chirwon road converging at Chung-ni, formed the axes of their attack plan.<ref name="Apple471">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=471}}</ref> US Engineer troops counterattacking up the secondary road toward Chirwon during September 1 made slow progress, and the KPA stopped them in the early afternoon.<ref name="Apple472"/> The 35th Infantry was now surrounded by forces of the KPA 6th and 7th Divisions, with an estimated three battalions of them behind its lines.<ref name="Bowers162"/> Speaking later of the situation, Fisher said, "I never intended to withdraw. There was no place to go. I planned to go into a regimental perimeter and hold."<ref name="Apple472">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=472}}</ref> === US 2-27th Infantry counterattack === [[File:2d Battalion, 27th Infantry.jpg|thumb|alt=A column to soldiers and vehicles move down a river|Troops of the 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry traverse the recaptured Engineer Road.]] By mid-afternoon, Kean felt that the situation was a severe threat to the integrity of the division's line. He ordered the 2nd Battalion, [[27th Infantry Regiment (United States)|27th Infantry Regiment]], to attack behind the 35th Infantry, because a large part of the division's artillery there was under direct KPA infantry attack.<ref name="Apple472"/> During the morning hours of September 1, when the KPA 7th Division troops had attacked, the first American unit they encountered was G Company, 35th Infantry, at the north shoulder of the gap.<ref name="Bowers162"/> While some KPA units peeled off to attack G Company, others continued on and engaged E Company, {{convert|2|mi}} downstream from it, and still others attacked scattered units of F Company all the way to its 1st Platoon, which guarded the Namji-ri bridge. There, at the extreme right flank of the 25th Division, this platoon drove off a KPA force after a fierce fight. By September 2, E Company had destroyed most of a KPA battalion in heavy fighting.<ref name="Apple472"/> Of all the 2nd Battalion units, G Company received the hardest blows. Before dawn of September 1, KPA troops had G Company platoons on separate hills under heavy assault. Shortly after 03:00 they overran the 3rd Platoon, Heavy Mortar Company, and drove it from its position. These mortarmen climbed Hill 179 and on its crest joined the 2nd Platoon of G Company.<ref name="Apple472"/> Meanwhile, the 3rd Platoon of G Company, on a low hill along the Nam River {{convert|4|mi}} from its juncture with the Naktong River, was also under close quarters attack.<ref name="Bowers162"/> After daylight, [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] LeRoy E. Majeske, G Company commander, requested artillery concentrations and air strikes, but they were slow to come. At 11:45, the KPA had almost reached the crest of the hill, and only a narrow space separated the two forces. A few minutes later Majeske was killed, and [[US Second Lieutenant|Second Lieutenant]] George Roach, commanding the 3rd Platoon, again reported the situation and asked for an [[air strike]]. The [[US Air Force]] delivered the strike on the KPA held side of the hill, and this checked the assaults. By this time many KPA troops had captured and occupied foxholes in the platoon position and from there threw grenades into other parts of the position. One of the grenades killed Roach early in the afternoon. [[Sergeant First Class]] Junius Poovey, a squad leader, now assumed command. By 18:00, Poovey had only 12 effective troops left in the platoon, 17 of the 29 men still living were wounded.<ref name="Apple473"/> With ammunition almost gone, Poovey requested and received authority to withdraw into the main G Company position.<ref name="Bowers162"/> After dark, the 29 men, three of them carried on stretchers, withdrew, covered by the arrival of US tanks. The group reached the G Company position on Hill 179 at 23:30.<ref name="Apple473">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=473}}</ref> === Stalemate === While G Company held its positions on Hill 179 on September 2 against KPA attack, 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry started an attack northwest toward it at 17:00 from the Chung-ni area.<ref name="Bowers163"/> The battalion made slow progress against formidable KPA forces. The night was extremely dark and the terrain along the Kuhe-ri ferry road was mountainous. After fighting throughout the night, the battalion reached a position south of the original defensive positions of G Company, 35th Infantry the next day at 15:00. A coordinated attack by US armor, artillery, air, and infantry got under way and by 18:00 the battalion had re-established the battle line. In this attack the 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry, killed 275 KPA and recovered a large part of the equipment G Company had lost earlier.<ref name="Apple473"/> The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry remained on the regained positions during the night of September 3. At 08:00 the next morning, G Company, 35th Infantry, relieved it on the regained positions and the 2-27th Infantry started its attack back up the supply road.<ref name="Bowers163">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=163}}</ref> While this was in progress, word came that the KPA had again driven G Company from its newly reestablished position. The 2-27th Infantry turned around, attacked, and once more restored the G Company positions. By 12:00 September 4, the 2-27th Infantry again turned over these positions to G Company and resumed its attack to the rear along the road in the gap between the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 35th Infantry. Almost immediately it was in contact with KPA forces. Soon KPA machine-guns were firing on the US troops from three directions. Torrential rains fell and observation became poor. By this time, the 2-27th Infantry was running short of ammunition. The commander ordered the battalion to withdraw {{convert|500|yd}} to favorable terrain so that it could resupply.<ref name="Apple474">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=474}}</ref> Resupply proved to be a difficult task. The battalion had cleared the supply route two days previously in its attack to the G Company position but now it was closed again. The battalion commander requested air supply and the next morning, September 5, eight transport planes accomplished the resupply and the 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry, was ready to resume its attack to the rear.<ref name="Apple474"/> By evening it had cleared the supply road and adjacent terrain of KPA penetration for a distance of {{convert|8000|yd}} to the rear of G Company's front-line positions.<ref name="Bowers163"/> There the 2-27th Infantry received orders to halt and prepare to attack northeast to link up with the 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry.<ref name="Apple474"/> === US 3-27th Infantry moves up === After 2-27th Infantry had left the Chung-ni area on September 2 in its attack toward G Company, the KPA attacked the 24th Infantry command post and several artillery positions. To meet this new situation, General Kean ordered the remaining battalion of the 27th Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George H. DeChow, to attack and destroy the KPA operating there.<ref name="Apple475">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=475}}</ref><ref name="Bowers178">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=178}}</ref> [[File:27th CP at Haman 1950.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A group of soldiers around a makeshift office under a bridge|The 27th Infantry's command post beneath a bridge near Haman]] After an early morning struggle on September 3 against several hundred KPA in the vicinity of the artillery positions, DeChow's battalion launched its attack at 15:00 over the high, rugged terrain west of the "Horseshoe," as the deep curve in the Masan road was called, {{convert|4|mi}} east of Komam-ni. Its mission was to seize and secure the high ground dominating the Horseshoe, and then relieve the pressure on the 24th Infantry's rear. Initially only one artillery piece was in position to support the attack. After the battalion advanced some distance, a KPA force, estimated to number more than 1,000 men, counterattacked it and inflicted heavy casualties, which included 13 officers. Additional US tanks moved up to help secure the exposed right flank and rear, and air strikes helped to contain the KPA force. The battalion finally succeeded in taking the high ground.<ref name="Apple475"/> The next morning, September 4, instead of continuing the attack toward the 24th Infantry command post,<ref name="Bowers172">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=172}}</ref> 3rd Battalion, 27th Infantry was ordered to attack into the Komam-ni area where KPA troops were fighting in the US artillery positions. This attack got under way at 09:00 in the face of heavy small arms fire. In the afternoon, heavy rains slowed the attack, but after an all-day battle, I and K Companies, with the help of numerous air strikes, captured the high ground dominating the Komam-ni crossroads. Numerous casualties in the battalion had led Kean to attach C Company, 65th Engineer Combat Battalion, to it. The next day, September 5, the 3rd Battalion, 27th Infantry turned its attack across rugged terrain toward Haman and drove through to the vicinity of the 24th Infantry command post. In its attack, the 3rd Battalion counted more than 300 KPA dead in the area it traversed.<ref name="Apple475"/> === Artillery attacked === The series of events that caused Kean to change the direction of DeChow's attack toward Komam-ni began at 01:00, September 3. The 1st Battalion, 35th Infantry, protruded farther westward at this time than any other unit of the UN forces in Korea. Behind its positions on Sibidang-san the main supply route and rear areas were in KPA hands, and only in daylight and under escort could vehicles travel the road.<ref name="Apple476"/> On Sibidang-san the battalion had held its original positions after the heavy fighting of September 1, completely surrounded by [[barbed wire]], booby traps, and flares, with all supporting weapons inside its tight perimeters. The battalion had the advantage of calling for protective artillery fire covering all approaches.<ref name="Bowers164"/> An hour after midnight a KPA assault struck the battalion. The fight there continued until dawn September 3, when the 1st Battalion, 35th Infantry, counted 143 KPA dead in front of its positions, and on that basis estimated that the total KPA casualties must have been about 500 men.<ref name="Apple476">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=476}}</ref> The 35th units also had the advantage of well-constructed strong points throughout the battle which the KPA could not penetrate.<ref name="Bowers164"/> In this night battle the 64th Field Artillery Battalion, supporting the 1st Battalion, became directly involved in the fighting. About 50 KPA infiltrated before dawn to A Battery's position and assaulted it. KPA employing submachine guns overran two artillery-machine-gun perimeter positions, penetrating to the artillery pieces at 03:00. There, Captain Andrew C. Anderson and his men fought in [[hand-to-hand combat]] with the KPA. Some of the guns fell temporarily into KPA hands but the artillerymen repulsed the attack, aided by the concentrations of fire from C Battery, 90th Field Artillery Battalion nearby, which cut off the KPA from reinforcements. In defending its guns in this night battle, A Battery lost seven men killed and 12 wounded.<ref name="Apple476"/> Fighting in support of the Nam River front in the northern part of the 25th Division sector were five batteries of the 159th and 64th Field Artillery Battalions, firing 105&nbsp;mm howitzers, and one battery of the 90th Field Artillery Battalion which fired 155&nbsp;mm howitzers,<ref name="Bowers150">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=150}}</ref> for a total of 36 guns. One 155&nbsp;mm howitzer fired from Komam-ni to the area north of Chungam-ni, the route for the KPA 6th Division's supplies. Another forward artillery piece kept the Iryong-ni bridge over the Nam under fire. The 25th Division artillery estimated it killed approximately 1,825 KPA soldiers during the first three days of September.<ref name="Apple476"/> In this critical time, the [[US Fifth Air Force]] added its firepower to that of the division artillery in support of the ground force. Eighth Army commander General [[Walton S. Walker]] attributed the UN victory in this sector directly to the extensive air support his division received in the battle.<ref name="Apple477">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=477}}</ref> === North Koreans repulsed === Bitter, confused fighting continued behind the 35th Infantry's line for the next week.<ref name="Bowers177">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=177}}</ref> Battalions, companies, and platoons, cut off and isolated, fought independently of higher control and help except for airdrops which supplied many of them. Airdrops also supplied relief forces trying to reach the front-line units. Tanks and [[armored car (military)|armored car]]s drove to the isolated units with supplies of food and ammunition and carried back critically wounded on the return trips. In general, the 35th Infantry fought in its original battle line positions, while at first one battalion, and later two battalions, of the 27th Infantry fought toward it through the estimated 3,000 KPA operating to its rear.<ref name="Apple477"/> Although the 25th Division generally was under less pressure from KPA units after September 5, there were still severe local attacks. On September 6, 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry, moved north from the Haman area to join 2nd Battalion in the cleanup of KPA troops behind the 35th Infantry and below the Nam River. Caught between the 35th Infantry on its hill positions along the river and the attacking 27th Infantry units, large numbers of KPA were killed. Sixteen different groups reportedly were dispersed with heavy casualties during the day. By morning of September 7 there was clear evidence that survivors of the KPA 7th Division were trying to escape across the Nam River.<ref name="Apple478"/> However the KPA launched another attack against the 35th Infantry, which it quickly repulsed.<ref name="Bowers174">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=174}}</ref> The 25th Infantry Division buried more than 2,000 KPA dead, killed between September 1 and 7 behind its lines. This number did not include those killed in front of its positions.<ref name="Apple478">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=478}}</ref> Heavy rains caused the Nam and Naktong Rivers to rise on September 8 and 9, reducing the danger of new crossings. On September 8, after the 35th Infantry had been guarding it for a week, USAF [[F-82 Twin Mustang]]s mistakenly bombed the Namji-ri bridge over the Naktong and with one {{convert|500|lb|adj=on}} bomb destroyed the {{convert|80|ft}} center span. Only the bridges north of the junction of the Nam with the Naktong were supposed to be under aerial attack at this time. Some of the local commanders thought that had the KPA bypassed this bridge and crossed the Naktong farther east there would have been nothing between them and Pusan. However, KPA attacks against 2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry occurred nightly. The approaches to the bridge on the north side were mined. At one time there were about 100 KPA dead lying in that area.<ref name="Apple479">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=479}}</ref> From September 9 to 16, there were limited attacks on the 35th Infantry's front but most of the KPA's momentum had been broken and they could not muster strong attacks against the regiment again.<ref name="Bowers176">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=176}}</ref> === North Korean withdrawal === {{see also|Battle of Inchon|Pusan Perimeter Offensive}} The UN [[Battle of Inchon|counterattack at Inchon]] outflanked the KPA and cut off all their main supply and reinforcement routes. On 16 September when the Eighth Army began its [[Pusan Perimeter Offensive|breakout from the Pusan Perimeter]] 25th Infantry Division was still fighting KPA forces behind its lines, and KPA strong points existed on the heights of Battle Mountain, P'il-bong, and Sobuk-san.<ref name="Apple568">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=568}}</ref> Kean felt that the division could advance along the roads toward Chinju only when the mountainous center of the division front was clear. He therefore believed that the key to the advance of the 25th Division lay in its center where the KPA held the heights and kept the 24th Infantry Regiment under daily attack.<ref name="Bowers177"/> The 27th Infantry on the left and the 35th Infantry on the right, astride the roads between Chinju and Masan held their positions and could not advance until the situation in front of the 24th Infantry improved.<ref name="Apple569">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=569}}</ref> On September 19 the UN discovered the KPA had abandoned of Battle Mountain during the night, and the 1st Battalion, 24th Infantry, moved up and occupied it. On the right, the 35th Infantry began moving forward.<ref name="Bowers179">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=179}}</ref> There was only light resistance until it reached the high ground in front of Chungam-ni where hidden KPA soldiers in [[spider hole]]s shot at 1st Battalion soldiers from the rear. The next day the 1st Battalion captured Chungam-ni, and the 2nd Battalion captured the long ridge line running northwest from it to the Nam River. Meanwhile, the KPA still held strongly against the division left where the 27th Infantry had heavy fighting in trying to move forward.<ref name="Apple570">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=570}}</ref> The KPA withdrew from the Masan area the night of September 18–19. The KPA 7th Division withdrew from south of the Nam River while the 6th Division sideslipped elements to cover the entire front. Covered by the 6th Division, the 7th had crossed to the north side of the Nam River by the morning of September 19. Then the KPA 6th Division had withdrawn from its positions on Sobuk-san.<ref name="Apple570"/> The US units [[UN September 1950 counteroffensive|rapidly pursued them north]], passing over the Battle Mountain positions, which were no longer of strategic importance.<ref name="Bowers180">{{harvnb|Bowers|Hammong|MacGarrigle|2005|p=180}}</ref> == Aftermath == The 35th Infantry suffered 154 killed, 381 wounded, and two missing during the battle. The 27th Infantry lost a total of 118 killed, 382 wounded, and one captured during the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, however this included five killed and 54 wounded at the [[Battle of the Bowling Alley]] and around 150 casualties at the [[First Battle of Naktong Bulge]]. In support of the Nam River operations, the 64th Field Artillery Battalion suffered 16 killed, 27 wounded, one captured and five missing, the 159th Field Artillery Battalion lost 18 killed and 41 wounded, and the 90th Field Artillery Battalion 15 killed, 54 wounded and one missing.<ref name="Ecker29">{{harvnb|Ecker|2004|p=29}}</ref> The regiment had performed so well in repulsing the KPA that Kean nominated it for a [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]].<ref name="Bowers163"/> The KPA suffered heavily in the fight, most becoming casualties in the attack. By mid-September, the KPA 7th Division was reduced to just 4,000 men, a loss of 6,000 from when it was committed to the perimeter.<ref name="Apple546">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=546}}</ref> Only 2,000 from the KPA 6th Division returned to North Korea, a loss of 80 percent of its strength. Large groups of troops from the divisions were captured as they attempted to return to North Korea, including up to 3,000 troops. The attacking force of over 20,000 had been reduced to only 6,000 by the end of the fights at Masan.<ref name="Apple603">{{harvnb|Appleman|1998|p=603}}</ref> The fight at Masan remained a bitter stalemate during the entire six weeks of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. Each side attempted several offensives on the other in an attempt to force a withdrawal, but the KPA were unable to pierce the UN perimeter, and the UN troops were unable to overwhelm the KPA to the point they were forced to withdraw.<ref name="Bowers180"/> The battle itself was a tactical tie, since neither side could decisively defeat the other, however the UN units achieved their strategic goal of preventing the KPA from advancing further east and threatening Pusan. Instead, they were able to hold the line against repeated attacks until the Inchon attack and Pusan breakout, and were thus successful in defeating the KPA in subsequent engagements.<ref name="Apple570"/> ==Notes== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== {{Refbegin}} *{{citation|first=Bevin |last=Alexander |author-link=Bevin Alexander |title=Korea: The First War We Lost |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7818-1019-7}} *{{citation |last=Appleman |first=Roy E. |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/korea/20-2-1/toc.htm |title=South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War |year=1998 |publisher=[[Department of the Army]] |isbn=978-0-16-001918-0 |access-date=2010-12-22 |archive-date=2014-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207235336/http://www.history.army.mil/books/korea/20-2-1/toc.htm |url-status=dead }} {{PD-notice}} *{{citation|last=Bowers |first=William T. |first2=William M.|last2=Hammong|first3=George L.|last3=MacGarrigle |title=Black Soldier, White Army: The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea |year=2005 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |isbn=978-1-4102-2467-5}} *{{citation|first=Brian |last=Catchpole |title=The Korean War |year=2001 |publisher=[[Robinson Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-84119-413-4}} *{{citation|last=Ecker |first=Richard E. |title=Battles of the Korean War: A Chronology, with Unit-by-Unit United States Casualty Figures & Medal of Honor Citations |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7864-1980-7}} *{{citation|first=T.R. |last=Fehrenbach |author-link=T. R. Fehrenbach |title=This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History – Fiftieth Anniversary Edition |publisher=Potomac Books |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-57488-334-3}} * {{cite book | last = Millett | first = Allan R. | title = The Korean War, Volume 1 | year = 2000 | publisher = [[University of Nebraska]] Press | location = [[Lincoln, Nebraska]] | isbn = 978-0-8032-7794-6 }} *{{citation|first=Michael J. |last=Varhola |author-link=Michael J. Varhola |title=Fire and Ice: The Korean War, 1950–1953 |publisher=[[Da Capo Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-882810-44-4}} == Further reading == *{{citation |last=Hastings |first=Max |author-link=Max Hastings |title=The Korean War |year=1988 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-0-671-66834-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/koreanwar00hast_0 }} {{Korean War}} {{Refend}} {{coord|35.2369|N|128.4214|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nam River, Battle Of The}} [[Category:Battle of Pusan Perimeter]] [[Category:Battles and operations of the Korean War in 1950]] [[Category:Battles of the Korean War]] [[Category:Battles of the Korean War involving North Korea]] [[Category:Battles of the Korean War involving South Korea]] [[Category:Battles of the Korean War involving the United States]] [[Category:History of South Gyeongsang Province]] [[Category:August 1950 events in Asia]] [[Category:September 1950 events in Asia]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox" title="Template:Campaignbox">Template:Campaignbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox&action=edit" title="Template:Campaignbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Korean_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Korean War">Template:Campaignbox Korean War</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Korean_War&action=edit" title="Template:Campaignbox Korean War">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Pusan_Perimeter" title="Template:Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter">Template:Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Pusan_Perimeter&action=edit" title="Template:Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Template:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">Template:Citation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=edit" title="Template:Citation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Template:Cite book</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_book&action=edit" title="Template:Cite book">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Convert" title="Template:Convert">Template:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Convert&action=edit" title="Template:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coord" title="Template:Coord">Template:Coord</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Coord&action=edit" title="Template:Coord">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_First_Republic_of_Korea" title="Template:Country data First Republic of Korea">Template:Country data First Republic of Korea</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_First_Republic_of_Korea&action=edit" title="Template:Country data First Republic of Korea">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_North_Korea" title="Template:Country data North Korea">Template:Country data North Korea</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_North_Korea&action=edit" title="Template:Country data North Korea">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_United_States" title="Template:Country data United States">Template:Country data United States</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_United_States&action=edit" title="Template:Country data United States">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag" title="Template:Flag">Template:Flag</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag&action=edit" title="Template:Flag">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag/core" title="Template:Flag/core">Template:Flag/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag/core&action=edit" title="Template:Flag/core">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag_country" title="Template:Flag country">Template:Flag country</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag_country&action=edit" title="Template:Flag country">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag_country/core" title="Template:Flag country/core">Template:Flag country/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag_country/core&action=edit" title="Template:Flag country/core">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag_icon" title="Template:Flag icon">Template:Flag icon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag_icon&action=edit" title="Template:Flag icon">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag_icon/core" title="Template:Flag icon/core">Template:Flag icon/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag_icon/core&action=edit" title="Template:Flag icon/core">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flagcountry" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Flagcountry">Template:Flagcountry</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flagcountry&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Flagcountry">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flagicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Flagicon">Template:Flagicon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flagicon&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Flagicon">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Good_article" title="Template:Good article">Template:Good article</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Good_article&action=edit" title="Template:Good article">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation_no_brackets" title="Template:Harvard citation no brackets">Template:Harvard citation no brackets</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Harvard_citation_no_brackets&action=edit" title="Template:Harvard citation no brackets">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvnb" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Harvnb">Template:Harvnb</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Harvnb&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Harvnb">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hlist/styles.css" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">Template:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ifsubst" title="Template:Ifsubst">Template:Ifsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ifsubst&action=edit" title="Template:Ifsubst">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_military_conflict" title="Template:Infobox military conflict">Template:Infobox military conflict</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_military_conflict&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox military conflict">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_War" title="Template:Korean War">Template:Korean War</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Korean_War&action=edit" title="Template:Korean War">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">Template:Main</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main&action=edit" title="Template:Main">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&action=edit" title="Template:Main other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_navigation" title="Template:Military navigation">Template:Military navigation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Military_navigation&action=edit" title="Template:Military navigation">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nowrap" title="Template:Nowrap">Template:Nowrap</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nowrap&action=edit" title="Template:Nowrap">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PD-notice" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:PD-notice">Template:PD-notice</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:PD-notice&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:PD-notice">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagetype" title="Template:Pagetype">Template:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Template:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_bar" title="Template:Portal bar">Template:Portal bar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Portal_bar&action=edit" title="Template:Portal bar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin" title="Template:Refbegin">Template:Refbegin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refbegin&action=edit" title="Template:Refbegin">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin/styles.css" title="Template:Refbegin/styles.css">Template:Refbegin/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refbegin/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Refbegin/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refend" title="Template:Refend">Template:Refend</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refend&action=edit" title="Template:Refend">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist/styles.css" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">Template:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SDcat" title="Template:SDcat">Template:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SDcat&action=edit" title="Template:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:See_also" title="Template:See also">Template:See also</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:See_also&action=edit" title="Template:See also">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Template:Short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Short description">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">Template:Short description/lowercasecheck</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck&action=edit" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Smallcaps" title="Template:Smallcaps">Template:Smallcaps</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Smallcaps&action=edit" title="Template:Smallcaps">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Smallcaps/styles.css" title="Template:Smallcaps/styles.css">Template:Smallcaps/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Smallcaps/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Smallcaps/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Source-attribution" title="Template:Source-attribution">Template:Source-attribution</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Source-attribution&action=edit" title="Template:Source-attribution">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Stack/styles.css" title="Template:Stack/styles.css">Template:Stack/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Stack/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Stack/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Stack_begin" title="Template:Stack begin">Template:Stack begin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Stack_begin&action=edit" title="Template:Stack begin">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Stack_end" title="Template:Stack end">Template:Stack end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Stack_end&action=edit" title="Template:Stack end">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Top_icon" title="Template:Top icon">Template:Top icon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Top_icon&action=edit" title="Template:Top icon">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wrap" title="Template:Wrap">Template:Wrap</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wrap&action=edit" title="Template:Wrap">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-no" title="Template:Yesno-no">Template:Yesno-no</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-no&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-no">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler" title="Module:Category handler">Module:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/blacklist" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">Module:Category handler/blacklist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/blacklist&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/config" title="Module:Category handler/config">Module:Category handler/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/config&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/data" title="Module:Category handler/data">Module:Category handler/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/data&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/shared" title="Module:Category handler/shared">Module:Category handler/shared</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/shared&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/shared">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">Module:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert" title="Module:Convert">Module:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert&action=edit" title="Module:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/data" title="Module:Convert/data">Module:Convert/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/data&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/text" title="Module:Convert/text">Module:Convert/text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/text&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Coordinates" title="Module:Coordinates">Module:Coordinates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Coordinates&action=edit" title="Module:Coordinates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Coordinates/styles.css" title="Module:Coordinates/styles.css">Module:Coordinates/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Coordinates/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Coordinates/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Disambiguation/templates" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">Module:Disambiguation/templates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Disambiguation/templates&action=edit" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes" title="Module:Footnotes">Module:Footnotes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list">Module:Footnotes/anchor id list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list/data" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data">Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list/data&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/whitelist" title="Module:Footnotes/whitelist">Module:Footnotes/whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/whitelist">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Format_link" title="Module:Format link">Module:Format link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Format_link&action=edit" title="Module:Format link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote" title="Module:Hatnote">Module:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote/styles.css" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">Module:Hatnote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote_list" title="Module:Hatnote list">Module:Hatnote list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote_list&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:InfoboxImage" title="Module:InfoboxImage">Module:InfoboxImage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:InfoboxImage&action=edit" title="Module:InfoboxImage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox_military_conflict" title="Module:Infobox military conflict">Module:Infobox military conflict</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox_military_conflict&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox military conflict">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox_military_conflict/styles.css" title="Module:Infobox military conflict/styles.css">Module:Infobox military conflict/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox_military_conflict/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox military conflict/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Labelled_list_hatnote" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">Module:Labelled list hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Labelled_list_hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Math" title="Module:Math">Module:Math</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Math&action=edit" title="Module:Math">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Military_navigation" title="Module:Military navigation">Module:Military navigation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Military_navigation&action=edit" title="Module:Military navigation">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/config" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">Module:Namespace detect/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/config&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/data" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">Module:Namespace detect/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/data&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/configuration" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">Module:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/styles.css" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">Module:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/configuration" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">Module:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/styles.css" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">Module:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype" title="Module:Pagetype">Module:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/config" title="Module:Pagetype/config">Module:Pagetype/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/config&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/disambiguation" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">Module:Pagetype/disambiguation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/disambiguation&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/rfd" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">Module:Pagetype/rfd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/rfd&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/setindex" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">Module:Pagetype/setindex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/setindex&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/softredirect" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">Module:Pagetype/softredirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/softredirect&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal" title="Module:Portal">Module:Portal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal&action=edit" title="Module:Portal">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal/images/n" title="Module:Portal/images/n">Module:Portal/images/n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal/images/n&action=edit" title="Module:Portal/images/n">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal/images/other" title="Module:Portal/images/other">Module:Portal/images/other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal/images/other&action=edit" title="Module:Portal/images/other">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal/images/s" title="Module:Portal/images/s">Module:Portal/images/s</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal/images/s&action=edit" title="Module:Portal/images/s">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal_bar" title="Module:Portal bar">Module:Portal bar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal_bar&action=edit" title="Module:Portal bar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal_bar/styles.css" title="Module:Portal bar/styles.css">Module:Portal bar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal_bar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Portal bar/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:SDcat" title="Module:SDcat">Module:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:SDcat&action=edit" title="Module:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String" title="Module:String">Module:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String&action=edit" title="Module:String">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style" title="Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style">Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WPMILHIST_Infobox_style&action=edit" title="Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikitext_Parsing" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">Module:Wikitext Parsing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext_Parsing&action=edit" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River" title="Battle of Nam River">Battle of Nam River</a>.</p> <!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nam_River</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4pcp9","wgBackendResponseTime":394,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.062","walltime":"0.087","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 59.981 1 -total"," 99.87% 59.903 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 41.95% 25.161 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 38.67% 23.194 2 Template:Replace"," 37.79% 22.665 1 Template:Hidden"," 15.53% 9.316 1 Template:Tlx"," 15.40% 9.235 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 2.51% 1.506 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.31% 1.384 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 1.93% 1.158 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.012","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043313,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4pcp9","timestamp":"20241123222435","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>