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class="mw-page-title-main">Paper towel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_de_cuina" title="Paper de cuina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paper de cuina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8kkenrulle" title="Køkkenrulle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Køkkenrulle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCchenrolle" title="Küchenrolle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Küchenrolle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel_absorbente" title="Papel absorbente – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Papel absorbente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_xurgatzaile" title="Paper xurgatzaile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paper xurgatzaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0%DB%8C" title="حوله کاغذی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوله کاغذی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essuie-tout" title="Essuie-tout – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Essuie-tout" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC_%ED%83%80%EC%9B%94" title="페이퍼 타월 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페이퍼 타월" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akp%E1%BB%A5kp%E1%BB%8D_an%E1%BB%A5_akw%E1%BB%A5kw%E1%BB%8D" title="Akpụkpọ anụ akwụkwọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Akpụkpọ anụ akwụkwọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotolo_da_cucina" title="Rotolo da cucina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rotolo da cucina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="מגבת נייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגבת נייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keukenrol" title="Keukenrol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keukenrol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Absorbent towel made from paper</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> <b>may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paper_towel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Paper_towel.jpg/220px-Paper_towel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Paper_towel.jpg/330px-Paper_towel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Paper_towel.jpg/440px-Paper_towel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption>A roll of paper towels (kitchen roll)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>paper towel</b> is an absorbent, disposable <a href="/wiki/Towel" title="Towel">towel</a> made from paper.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Commonwealth English, paper towels for kitchen use are also known as <b>kitchen rolls</b>, <b>kitchen paper</b>, or <b>kitchen towels</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For home use, paper towels are usually sold in a roll of <a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">perforated</a> sheets, but some are sold in stacks of pre-cut and pre-folded layers for use in <a href="/wiki/Paper-towel_dispenser" title="Paper-towel dispenser">paper-towel dispensers</a>. Unlike cloth towels, paper towels are <a href="/wiki/Disposable" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable">disposable</a> and intended to be used only once. Paper towels absorb water because they are loosely woven, which enables water to travel between the fibers, even against gravity (<a href="/wiki/Capillary_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Capillary effect">capillary effect</a>). They have similar purposes to conventional towels, such as drying hands, wiping windows and other surfaces, dusting, and cleaning up spills. Paper towel dispensers are commonly used in toilet facilities shared by many people (such as at schools or shopping malls), as they are often considered more hygienic than hot-air <a href="/wiki/Hand_dryer#Hygiene" title="Hand dryer">hand dryers</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or shared cloth towels. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nibroc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Nibroc.jpg/220px-Nibroc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Nibroc.jpg/330px-Nibroc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Nibroc.jpg/440px-Nibroc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Early paper towels</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1907, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Scott_Paper_Company" title="Scott Paper Company">Scott Paper Company</a> developed the first restroom tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They started the paper towel industry when they began selling Sani-Towels and used advertising to convince the public that paper towels were essential for <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">personal hygiene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Corbin" title="William E. Corbin">William E. Corbin</a>, Henry Chase, and Harold Titus began experimenting with paper towels in the Research and Development building of the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Company" title="Brown Company">Brown Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_New_Hampshire" title="Berlin, New Hampshire">Berlin, New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1922, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Corbin" title="William E. Corbin">Corbin</a> perfected their product and began mass-producing it at the <a href="/wiki/Cascade,_New_Hampshire" title="Cascade, New Hampshire">Cascade Mill</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_New_Hampshire" title="Berlin, New Hampshire">Berlin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gorham,_New_Hampshire" title="Gorham, New Hampshire">Gorham</a> line.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This product was called Nibroc Paper Towels (Corbin spelled backwards<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In 1931, the Scott Paper Company introduced their paper towel rolls for kitchens. </p><p>Paper towels are commonly used for drying hands in <a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">public bathrooms</a>. In the 21st century, however, electric <a href="/wiki/Hand_dryers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand dryers">jet-air dryers</a> have threatened their dominance. While there is no clear <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus" title="Scientific consensus">scientific consensus</a> over which method is more <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygienic</a>, the paper towel industry and hand dryer manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Dyson_(company)" title="Dyson (company)">Dyson</a> have each attempted to discredit each other by funding studies which spur <a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">sensationalist</a> headlines and running advertisements. The <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> battle has also been fueled by animosity between both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paper_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper tissue">Paper tissue</a></div> <p>Paper towels are made from either virgin or <a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">recycled</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">paper pulp</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-quick_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is extracted from wood or fiber crops. They are sometimes <a href="/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp" title="Bleaching of wood pulp">bleached</a> during the production process to lighten coloration,<sup id="cite_ref-Sasser_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sasser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may also be decorated with colored images on each square (such as flowers or teddy bears). <a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">Resin size</a> is used to improve the <a href="/wiki/Wet_strength" title="Wet strength">wet strength</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sasser_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sasser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paper towels are packed individually and sold as stacks, or are held on a continuous roll, and come in two distinct classes: domestic and institutional.<sup id="cite_ref-ppiOct2008_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppiOct2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many companies produce paper towels. Some common brand names are <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(brand)" title="Bounty (brand)">Bounty</a>, Seventh Generation, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Paper_Company" title="Scott Paper Company">Scott</a>, Viva, and Kirkland brand among many others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market">Market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tissue products in North America, including paper towels, are divided into consumer and commercial markets, with household consumer usage accounting for approximately two thirds of total North American consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-ppiOct2008_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppiOct2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial usage, or otherwise any use outside of the household, accounts for the remaining third of North American consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-ppiOct2008_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppiOct2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth in commercial use of paper towels can be attributed to the migration from folded towels (in public bathrooms, for example) to <a href="/wiki/Paper-towel_dispenser" title="Paper-towel dispenser">roll towel dispensers</a>, which reduces the amount of paper towels used by each patron.<sup id="cite_ref-ppiOct2008_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppiOct2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Forest_product" title="Forest product">forest products</a> <a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">industry</a>, paper towels are a major part of the "tissue market", second only to <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ppiOct2008_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppiOct2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Globally, Americans are the highest <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> users of paper towels in the home,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at approximately 24 kilograms (53 lb) yearly consumption per capita (combined consumption approximately <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)#106_to_1011_kg" title="Orders of magnitude (mass)">7.8 million tonnes (7,700,000 long tons; 8,600,000 short tons)</a> per year). This is 50% higher than in Europe and nearly 500% higher than in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-ppiOct2008_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppiOct2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, people in the Middle East tend to prefer reusable cloth towels, and people in Europe tend to prefer reusable <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_sponge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleaning sponge">cleaning sponges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paper towels are popular primarily among people who have disposable income, so their use is higher in wealthy countries and low in developing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Growing hygiene consciousness during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> led to a boost in paper towel market growth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper#Environmental_considerations" title="Toilet paper">Toilet paper § Environmental considerations</a></div> <p>Paper towels are a global product with rising production and consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-pulppapermill_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulppapermill-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being second in tissue consumption only to <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a> (36% vs. 45% in the U.S.), the proliferation of paper towels, which are mostly non-<a href="/wiki/Recyclable" class="mw-redirect" title="Recyclable">recyclable</a>, has globally adverse effects on the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, paper towels made from recycled paper do exist, and are sold at many outlets. Some are manufactured from bamboo, which grows faster than trees. </p><p>Electric <a href="/wiki/Hand_dryer" title="Hand dryer">hand dryers</a> are an alternative to using paper towels for hand drying.<sup id="cite_ref-innovateus_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innovateus-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, paper towels are quicker than hand dryers: after ten seconds, paper towels achieve 90% dryness,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="not clear what 90% dryness means (December 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while hot air dryers require 40 seconds to achieve a similar dryness.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Electric hand dryers may also spread bacteria to hands and clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huang2012_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang2012-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">Hand washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handle-o-Meter" title="Handle-o-Meter">Handle-o-Meter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/paper-towel">"PAPER TOWEL | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ocean+Currents&rft.atitle=Paper+Towels+%E2%80%93+What%27s+the+Big+Deal+Anyway%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oceanconservancy.org%2F2012%2F10%2F12%2Fpaper-towels-whats-the-big-deal-anyway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaper+towel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TÜV Produkt und Umwelt GmbH Report No. 425-452006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeantissue.com/pdfs/090410%20T%C3%9CV%20-%20Study%20of%20different%20methods%20used%20for%20drying%20hands%20Sept%202005.pdf">A report concerning a study conducted with regard to the different methods used for drying hands; September 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huang2012-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huang2012_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuangMaStack2012" class="citation journal cs1">Huang, Cunrui; Ma, Wenjun; Stack, Susan (1 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538484">"The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence"</a>. <i>Mayo Clinic Proceedings</i>. <b>87</b> (8): 791–798. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mayocp.2012.02.019">10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538484">3538484</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22656243">22656243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic+Proceedings&rft.atitle=The+Hygienic+Efficacy+of+Different+Hand-Drying+Methods%3A+A+Review+of+the+Evidence&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=791-798&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3538484%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22656243&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mayocp.2012.02.019&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Cunrui&rft.au=Ma%2C+Wenjun&rft.au=Stack%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3538484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaper+towel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ngeow YF, Ong HW, Tan P. Dispersal of bacteria by an electric air hand dryer. Malays J Pathol. 1989 Aug;11:53-6.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_towel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a 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