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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sulfur_oxidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sulfur oxidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sulfur_oxidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corrosion_and_habitat_adaptation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corrosion_and_habitat_adaptation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Corrosion and habitat adaptation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corrosion_and_habitat_adaptation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Genomics</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Halomonas titanicae</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="هالوموناس تیتانیکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالوموناس تیتانیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%A1%9C%EB%AA%A8%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4_%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%80%EB%8B%89" title="할로모나스 타이타닉 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할로모나스 타이타닉" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8" title="ハロモナス・ティタニカエ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハロモナス・ティタニカエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="டைட்டானிக் பாக்டீரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டைட்டானிக் பாக்டீரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomonas_titanicae" title="Halomonas titanicae – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Halomonas titanicae" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ہالومونس ٹائٹنیسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہالومونس ٹائٹنیسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%94%E5%B0%BC%E9%B9%BD%E5%96%AE%E8%83%9E%E8%8F%8C" title="鐵達尼鹽單胞菌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鐵達尼鹽單胞菌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg/220px-Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg/330px-Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg/440px-Detached_rusticles_hires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Halomonas" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonadota" title="Pseudomonadota">Pseudomonadota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gammaproteobacteria" title="Gammaproteobacteria">Gammaproteobacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oceanospirillales" title="Oceanospirillales">Oceanospirillales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halomonadaceae" title="Halomonadaceae">Halomonadaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halomonas" title="Halomonas"><i>Halomonas</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>H. titanicae</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Halomonas titanicae</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Mann, Kaur, Sánchez-Porro & Ventosa 2010<sup id="cite_ref-Sanchez2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Halomonas titanicae</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">gram-negative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halophile" title="Halophile">halophilic</a> species of <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> which was isolated in 2010 from <a href="/wiki/Rusticle" title="Rusticle">rusticles</a> recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Wreck_of_the_Titanic" title="Wreck of the Titanic">wreck of the RMS <i>Titanic</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanchez2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been estimated by Henrietta Mann, one of the researchers that first isolated it, that the action of microbes like <i>H. titanicae</i> may bring about the total deterioration of the <i>Titanic</i> by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the bacteria have been identified as a potential danger to oil rigs and other man-made objects in the deep sea, they also have the potential to be used in <a href="/wiki/Bioremediation" title="Bioremediation">bioremediation</a> to accelerate the decomposition of shipwrecks littering the ocean floor.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cell_morphology">Cell morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cell morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Halomonas titanicae</i> is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that produces peritrichous <a href="/wiki/Flagellum" title="Flagellum">flagella</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase">catalase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxidase" title="Oxidase">oxidase</a> positive. It has been found to form <a href="/wiki/Biofilm" title="Biofilm">biofilms</a> and some strains are capable of oxidation of thiosulfate, which is regulated by <a href="/wiki/Quorum_sensing" title="Quorum sensing">quorum sensing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is able to withstand high osmotic pressure due to producing molecules like <a href="/wiki/Ectoine" title="Ectoine">ectoine</a>, hydroxyectoine, betaine, and glycine.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance_in_corrosion">Importance in corrosion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Importance in corrosion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>H. titanicae</i> is involved in the corrosion of steel by reducing <a href="/wiki/Ferric" title="Ferric">Fe(III)</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ferrous" title="Ferrous">Fe(II)</a> when <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> is not available as an <a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">electron acceptor</a>. However, when in aerobic conditions, it helps to inhibit corrosion by consuming dissolved oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of the <i>Titanic</i> and other shipwrecks, the bacteria accelerate the corrosion of these structures since levels of dissolved oxygen deep in the ocean are very low.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>H. titanicae</i> strain BH1T is a type of bacteria that falls within the larger category of <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a>, specifically in the <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> <a href="/wiki/Pseudomonadota" title="Pseudomonadota">Proteobacteria</a> and the class <i><a href="/wiki/Gammaproteobacteria" title="Gammaproteobacteria">Gammaproteobacteria</a></i>. In the classification scheme, it falls under the category of <a href="/wiki/Oceanospirillales" title="Oceanospirillales">Oceanospirillales</a>, specifically within the family <a href="/wiki/Halomonadaceae" title="Halomonadaceae">Halomonadaceae</a> and the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Halomonas" title="Halomonas">Halomonas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists discovered this bacterium in rusticles collected from the wreckage of the RMS <a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">Titanic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They compared its genetic material to other bacteria and found it is closely related (98.6%) to another bacterium called <i>Halomonas neptunia</i> in regard to a 16S rRNA <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">gene sequence</a> comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family comprises diverse <a href="/wiki/Halophile" title="Halophile">halophilic</a> bacteria found in marine environments. Bacteria of the genus <i>Halomonas</i>, including <i>H. titanicae</i>, prefer salty habitats and generally don't pose a threat to other organisms.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_process/methods"><span id="Discovery_process.2Fmethods"></span>Discovery process/methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery process/methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The discovery of the bacterium <i>Halomonas titanicae</i> results from the study of the RMS Titanic wreckage and how microbial degradation influences the shape of the sunken ship. The bacterium was found by a research team, which was led by Dr. Henrietta Mann and included scientists from <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Seville" title="University of Seville">University of Seville</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and international partners. They were interested to know what caused the deterioration of the Titanic which sank in the North <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> in 1912. It was discovered through the examination of rusticles, which are icicle-like structures as seen on the Titanic's wreck. <a href="/wiki/Rusticle" title="Rusticle">Rusticles</a> are the result of the work of bacteria that ingest light metals such as iron on the ship, leaving the rust as the waste product.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crew gathered these rusticles during a diving expedition to the wreckage. There were more samples gathered from multiple expeditions to the Titanic site after the initial discovery. After some microbiological and genetic analysis, they were able to isolate a new species of bacterium. </p><p>To isolate the strain, a sample was repeatedly streaked onto Bacto marine <a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">agar</a> 2216 medium (Difco).<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method aimed to obtain a pure culture by separating individual bacterial colonies. The choice of marine agar suggests a preference for halophilic or <a href="/wiki/Halotolerance" title="Halotolerance">halotolerant</a> bacteria, as marine agar typically contains high salt levels suitable for their growth.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of marine agar implies that it acted as a selective medium for halophilic bacteria as it is known for its high salt content, mimicking the saline conditions of marine environments. Therefore, the isolation process likely favored the growth of halophilic bacteria present in the <a href="/wiki/Rusticle" title="Rusticle">rusticle</a> samples. The bacterium was officially identified and named in a study published in 2010 by Sánchez-Porro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insight_characterization">Insight characterization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Insight characterization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>H. titanicae,</i> known as a <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative bacterium</a> that obtains nutrients from organic sources,  and thrives in environments with plenty of oxygen. It thus exhibits heterotrophic behaviors in these aerobic conditions. It shows moderate tolerance to salt, growing best in solutions containing between 0.5% and 25% <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">NaCl</a>, with ideal development occurring at NaCl levels between 2% and 8%.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional research by Li, indicates that this bacterium grows best at temperatures between 30°C and 37°C and prefers a slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.0 to 7.5. It primarily obtains energy from organic compounds and can utilize various carbon sources like <a href="/wiki/Acetate" title="Acetate">acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a>. Additionally, it undergoes respiratory metabolism and produces enzymes such as <a href="/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase">catalase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxidase" title="Oxidase">oxidase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>H. titanicae</i> BH1 genome displays genes related to metal corrosion.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, numerous <a href="/wiki/PITRM1" title="PITRM1">metallopeptidases</a> are present. <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_reductase" title="Nitrate reductase">Nitrate reductases</a>, indicative of the ability to perform anaerobic respiration, are also detected.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>H. titanicae</i> was originated from rusticle samples sourced from the Titanic site. Rusticles are bioconcretious structures formed by a consortium of microorganisms. The bacterium is associated with saline-rich habitats as well as deep-sea environments. It plays a role in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling processes in extreme environments. It contributes to the microbial community dynamics of the deep-sea environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sulfur_oxidation">Sulfur oxidation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sulfur oxidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>H. titanicae</i> demonstrates a proficient competence in <a href="/wiki/Thiosulfate" title="Thiosulfate">thiosulfate</a> utilization, thus influencing the <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_cycle" title="Sulfur cycle">sulfur cycle</a> in these harsh habitats. A closer examination of its genetic makeup, it becomes evident that this bacterium houses specific genes responsible for thiosulfate oxidation, notably enzymes named TsdA and TsdB.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These enzymes play pivotal roles in the oxidation process to form <a href="/wiki/Tetrathionate" title="Tetrathionate">tetrathionate</a>, providing an alternative energy source derived from compounds with <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such genetic assets hint at a strategic adaptation for <i>H. titanicae</i>, allowing it to flourish amidst the dynamic chemical milieu of <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">hydrothermal vents</a>. Furthermore, signs of possible communication networks among microorganisms within the genome hint at a sophisticated regulatory framework governing the breakdown of thiosulfate.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the sulfur oxidation prowess exhibited by <i>H. titanicae</i> underscores its importance in contributing to the sulfur biogeochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems, accentuating its ecological relevance in harsh conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corrosion_and_habitat_adaptation">Corrosion and habitat adaptation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Corrosion and habitat adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This microorganism's resilience in extreme marine environments captivates researchers, particularly its involvement in the degradation of submerged metal structures. The capability of <i>H. titanicae</i> at adapting to its surroundings involves interactions with environmental factors, notably <a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">acceptors of electrons</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In environments rich in oxygen, <i>H. titanicae</i> employs a metabolic approach that curtails corrosion by modulating the concentration of oxygen in solution, thereby hindering the <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosive</a> processes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, in settings without oxygen, this bacterium accelerates corrosion by instigating chemical reactions that disrupt the protective layers on metal surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>H. titanicae</i> adjusted its metabolic processes, utilizing solid <a href="/wiki/Ferric" title="Ferric">Fe(III)</a> as an electron acceptor, which led to its accumulation on the surface of EH40 steel.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This metabolic shift triggered the reduction of Fe(III), gradually causing the surface film to degrade over time and expose fresh areas, thereby expediting the corrosion process.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the development of a microbial film increased the impediment to <a href="/wiki/Disodium_citrate" title="Disodium citrate">disodium citrate</a> diffusion, potentially leading to carbon depletion among bacteria in close proximity to the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, this metabolic adaptation facilitated localized corrosion by encouraging the utilization of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H<sub>2</sub></a> as an <a href="/wiki/Electron_donor" title="Electron donor">electron donor</a> within the microenvironment.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corrosion mechanisms observed in <i>H. titanicae</i> underscore the complex interplay between microbial activity and metal degradation in marine ecosystems. Gaining insights into the nuances of its corrosion dynamics is pivotal for devising effective strategies to manage and mitigate corrosion damage in underwater structures, including historically significant artifacts such as the Titanic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genomics">Genomics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genomics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The genomic analysis of <i>H. titanicae</i> provides profound insights into the bacterium's adaptation mechanisms and its survival in extreme environments. The fully sequenced genomes of strains SOB56 and BH1, each featuring a circular chromosome with a <a href="/wiki/GC-content" title="GC-content">G+C</a> content of approximately 54.6% and over 4,700 <a href="/wiki/Coding_region" title="Coding region">coding sequences</a>, include genes critical for thriving in <a href="/wiki/Saline_(medicine)" title="Saline (medicine)">saline</a> and metal-rich habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These genomic features highlight the bacterium's capability to handle osmotic stress and <a href="/wiki/Metal_toxicity" title="Metal toxicity">metal toxicity</a>, crucial for its existence in high-salt environments. </p><p>Further examination reveals the phylogenomic uniqueness of <i>H. titanicae</i>. This uniqueness refers to the distinct evolutionary traits and genetic adaptations that set this bacterium apart from its closest phylogenetic relatives. For example, unique gene clusters associated with osmoregulation and metal resistance, and specialized pathways for utilizing complex substrates under saline conditions are evident.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These genomic insights are not just markers of robust adaptation but also underscore the evolutionary innovations that enable <i>H. titanicae</i> to exploit niche habitats characterized by extreme abiotic stressors. </p><p>The phylogenomic analysis sheds light on the evolutionary pathways that have enabled <i>H. titanicae</i> to develop such specialized adaptations, illustrating a broader evolutionary context within the <i>Halomonas</i> genus.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By mapping these unique genetic signatures, researchers gain valuable perspectives on the mechanisms of microbial survival and adaptation in harsh environments, paving the way for innovative applications in biotechnology and environmental management. Such detailed genomic and phylogenomic investigations are crucial for furthering our understanding of <a href="/wiki/Extremophiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremophiles">extremophiless</a> and leveraging their capacities for industrial and environmental applications.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Probiotic_potential_and_immunity">Probiotic potential and immunity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Probiotic potential and immunity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exploring the potential of <i>H. titanicae</i> as a beneficial agent in aquaculture has emerged from its distinct environmental adaptability and metabolic capabilities. Given its preference for salty environments and ability to withstand various stressors, <i>H. titanicae</i> presents a promising candidate for <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">probiotic</a> use in <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its robustness in handling osmotic stress and its diverse metabolic pathways for utilizing organic compounds suggest potential benefits for modulating gut microbiota and enhancing the resilience and health of aquatic species.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have focused on the immune tissues in the gut, aiming to boost the resilience of aquatic species against harmful <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> and promote overall well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further investigation reveals promising outcomes, such as the study demonstrating that incorporating <i>H. titanicae</i> HT-Tc3 into the diet of <a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a> significantly enhances growth rates, gut enzyme activity, and immune function.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noteworthy changes in <a href="/wiki/Gut_microbiota" title="Gut microbiota">gut microbiome</a> composition, including increased levels of beneficial <a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">commensal bacteria</a>, were observed upon the introduction of <i>H. titanicae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also demonstrated enhanced resistance to illness and established a prolonged presence in the gut, maintaining its probiotic benefits even after discontinuation of use.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This highlights its potential as a valuable asset in <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> operations. </p><p>These findings contribute to the understanding of the intricate interplay between gut microbiota, immunity, and host health in aquatic species. The ongoing research underscores the importance of exploring the complex mechanisms associated with probiotics derived from <i>H. titanicae</i>, essential for optimizing their use in aquaculture and ultimately contributing to improved disease management and sustainable aquaculture practices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relevance">Relevance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Relevance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Titanic is a cultural and historical object that carries stories of human history. The increasingly rapid deterioration of the Titanic due to <i>H. titanicae</i> and similar bacteria advocates for the preservation of underwater cultural heritage. Understanding and potentially controlling such bacteria can help in developing strategies to protect and preserve important underwater artifacts. </p><p>Biocorrosion influenced by bacteria like <i>H. titanicae,</i> has broader implications for various industries like oil and gas. These industries frequently have to deal with the challenges of material degradation in marine environments, leading to economic losses and potential environmental hazards.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By studying these bacteria, researchers can develop new materials and coatings resistant to biocorrosion, thereby enhancing the longevity and safety of marine structures and vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sanchez2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanchez2010_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanchez2010_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCristina_Sánchez-PorroBhavleen_KaurHenrietta_MannAntonio_Ventosa2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cristina Sánchez-Porro; 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=6076&submit=Search">Type strain of <i>Halomonas titanicae</i> at Bac<i>Dive</i> – the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Titanic765" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RMS_Titanic" title="Template:RMS Titanic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RMS_Titanic" title="Template talk:RMS Titanic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RMS_Titanic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RMS Titanic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Titanic765" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">Titanic</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First-class_facilities_of_the_Titanic" title="First-class facilities of the Titanic">First class facilities</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second-_and_third-class_facilities_on_the_Titanic" title="Second- and third-class facilities on the Titanic">Second and Third class facilities</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase_of_the_Titanic" title="Grand Staircase of the Titanic">Grand Staircase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Animals_aboard_the_Titanic" title="Animals aboard the Titanic">Animals aboard</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Titanic" title="Sinking of the Titanic">Sinking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iceberg_that_sank_the_Titanic" title="Iceberg that sank the Titanic">Iceberg that sank the <i>Titanic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Changes_in_safety_practices_after_the_sinking_of_the_Titanic" title="Changes in safety practices after the sinking of the Titanic">Changes in safety practices</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lifeboats_of_the_Titanic" title="Lifeboats of the Titanic">Lifeboats</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Lifeboat_No._1" title="Titanic Lifeboat No. 1">Lifeboat No. 1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Wreck_Commissioner%27s_inquiry_into_the_sinking_of_the_Titanic" title="British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic">British inquiry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_inquiry_into_the_sinking_of_the_Titanic" title="United States Senate inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic">United States inquiry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wreck_of_the_Titanic" title="Wreck of the Titanic">Wreck of the <i>Titanic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legends_and_myths_regarding_the_Titanic" title="Legends and myths regarding the Titanic">Legends and myths</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_conspiracy_theories" title="Titanic conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith_(sea_captain)" title="Edward Smith (sea captain)">Edward J. Smith</a> (Captain)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Tingle_Wilde" title="Henry Tingle Wilde">Henry Tingle Wilde</a> (Chief Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_McMaster_Murdoch" title="William McMaster Murdoch">William McMaster Murdoch</a> (First Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lightoller" title="Charles Lightoller">Charles H. Lightoller</a> (Second Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Pitman" title="Herbert Pitman">Herbert Pitman</a> (Third Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boxhall" title="Joseph Boxhall">Joseph G. Boxhall</a> (Fourth Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Lowe" title="Harold Lowe">Harold G. Lowe</a> (Fifth Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Paul_Moody" title="James Paul Moody">James Paul Moody</a> (Sixth Officer)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McElroy" title="Hugh McElroy">Hugh McElroy</a> (Chief Purser)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bell_(engineer)" title="Joseph Bell (engineer)">Joseph Bell</a> (Machine Room Manager)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crew_of_the_Titanic" title="Crew of the Titanic">Crew members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barrett" title="Frederick Barrett">Frederick Barrett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bride" title="Harold Bride">Harold Bride</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Denton_Cox" title="William Denton Cox">William Denton Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crew_of_the_Titanic" title="Crew of the Titanic">Sid Daniels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oliver_Evans" title="Frank Oliver Evans">Frank Oliver Evans</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Fleet" title="Frederick Fleet">Frederick Fleet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gatti_(restaurateur)" title="Luigi Gatti (restaurateur)">Luigi Gatti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hichens_(sailor)" title="Robert Hichens (sailor)">Robert Hichens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Violet_Jessop" title="Violet Jessop">Violet Jessop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archie_Jewell" title="Archie Jewell">Archie Jewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joughin" title="Charles Joughin">Charles Joughin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Robinson_Lee" title="Reginald Robinson Lee">Reginald Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Marsden" title="Evelyn Marsden">Evelyn Marsden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Mintram" title="William Mintram">William Mintram</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Phillips_(wireless_operator)" title="Jack Phillips (wireless operator)">Jack Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Winnold_Prentice" title="Frank Winnold Prentice">Frank Winnold Prentice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_John_Priest" title="Arthur John Priest">Arthur John Priest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Symons_(sailor)" title="George Symons (sailor)">George Symons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Titanic" title="Musicians of the Titanic">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Hartley" title="Wallace Hartley">Wallace Hartley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Woodward" title="John Wesley Woodward">John Wesley Woodward</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passengers_of_the_Titanic" title="Passengers of the Titanic">Passengers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allison_family" title="Allison family">Allison family</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrews" title="Thomas Andrews">Thomas Andrews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_IV" title="John Jacob Astor IV">John Jacob Astor IV</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_John_Bowen" title="David John Bowen">David John Bowen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Butt" title="Archibald Butt">Archibald Butt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Byles" title="Thomas Byles">Thomas Byles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Chisholm_(engineer)" title="Roderick Chisholm (engineer)">Roderick Chisholm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Donald_Douglas" title="Walter Donald Douglas">Walter Donald Douglas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Funk" title="Annie Funk">Annie Funk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Futrelle" title="Jacques Futrelle">Jacques Futrelle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Child_(Titanic_victim)" title="Unknown Child (Titanic victim)">Sidney Leslie Goodwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Guggenheim" title="Benjamin Guggenheim">Benjamin Guggenheim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Harper_(pastor)" title="John Harper (pastor)">John Harper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Harris" title="Henry B. Harris">Henry B. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Hartley" title="Wallace Hartley">Wallace Hartley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Melville_Hays" title="Charles Melville Hays">Charles Melville Hays</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Elizabeth_Isham" title="Ann Elizabeth Isham">Ann Elizabeth Isham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Austin_Kent" title="Edward Austin Kent">Edward Austin Kent</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Philippe_Lemercier_Laroche" title="Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche">Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Davis_Millet" title="Francis Davis Millet">Francis Davis Millet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Markland_Molson" title="Harry Markland Molson">Harry Markland Molson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Moore_(businessman)" title="Clarence Moore (businessman)">Clarence Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Child_(Titanic_victim)" title="Unknown Child (Titanic victim)">Eino Viljami Panula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Stead" title="W. T. Stead">W. T. Stead</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Straus" title="Ida Straus">Ida Straus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Straus" title="Isidor Straus">Isidor Straus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Thayer" title="John B. Thayer">John B. Thayer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Warren_Sr." title="Frank M. Warren Sr.">Frank M. Warren Sr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_D._Wick" title="George D. Wick">George D. Wick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Dunton_Widener" title="George Dunton Widener">George Dunton Widener</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Elkins_Widener" title="Harry Elkins Widener">Harry Elkins Widener</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duane_Williams" title="Duane Williams">Duane Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Wright" title="George Henry Wright">George Henry Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Survivors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Abbott" title="Rhoda Abbott">Rhoda Abbott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allison_family" title="Allison family">Trevor Allison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Asplund" title="Lillian Asplund">Lillian Asplund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Astor" title="Madeleine Astor">Madeleine Astor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Passengers_of_the_Titanic" title="Passengers of the Titanic">Ruth Becker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Beesley" title="Lawrence Beesley">Lawrence Beesley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Behr" title="Karl Behr">Karl Behr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Bishop" title="Dickinson Bishop">Dickinson Bishop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mauritz_H%C3%A5kan_Bj%C3%B6rnstr%C3%B6m-Steffansson" title="Mauritz Håkan Björnström-Steffansson">Mauritz Håkan Björnström-Steffansson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Bowerman" title="Elsie Bowerman">Elsie Bowerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Browne" title="Francis Browne">Francis Browne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brown" title="Margaret Brown">Margaret "Molly" Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Churchill_Candee" title="Helen Churchill Candee">Helen Churchill Candee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Passengers_of_the_Titanic" title="Passengers of the Titanic">Charlotte Drake Cardeza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lucile_Carter" title="Lucile Carter">Lucile Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Leslie,_Countess_of_Rothes#Titanic_disaster" title="Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes">Gladys Cherry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Millvina_Dean" title="Millvina Dean">Millvina Dean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Duff-Gordon" title="Cosmo Duff-Gordon">Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon" title="Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon">Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Gibson" title="Dorothy Gibson">Dorothy Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_IV" title="Archibald Gracie IV">Archibald Gracie IV</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_John_William_Goldsmith" title="Frank John William Goldsmith">Frank John William Goldsmith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Haisman" title="Edith Haisman">Edith Haisman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Harper" title="Henry S. Harper">Henry S. Harper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eva_Hart" title="Eva Hart">Eva Hart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bechstein_Hays" title="Margaret Bechstein Hays">Margaret Bechstein Hays</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Masabumi_Hosono" title="Masabumi Hosono">Masabumi Hosono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Bruce_Ismay" title="J. Bruce Ismay">J. Bruce Ismay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Ileen_Johnson" title="Eleanor Ileen Johnson">Eleanor Ileen Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Kink" title="Louise Kink">Louise Kink</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Philippe_Lemercier_Laroche" title="Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche">Louise Laroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mannion" title="Margaret Mannion">Margaret Mannion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Marcel_Navratil" title="Michel Marcel Navratil">Michel Marcel Navratil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nourney" title="Alfred Nourney">Alfred Nourney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Godfrey_Peuchen" title="Arthur Godfrey Peuchen">Arthur Godfrey Peuchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Quick" title="Jane Quick">Jane Quick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Quick" title="Jane Quick">Winnifred Quick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Rosenbaum" title="Edith Rosenbaum">Edith Rosenbaum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Leslie,_Countess_of_Rothes" title="Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes">Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Ryerson" title="Emily Ryerson">Emily Ryerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Sandstr%C3%B6m" title="Agnes Sandström">Agnes Sandström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Passengers_of_the_Titanic" title="Passengers of the Titanic">Beatrice Sandström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Kimber_Seward" title="Frederic Kimber Seward">Frederic Kimber Seward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eloise_Hughes_Smith" title="Eloise Hughes Smith">Eloise Hughes Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Thayer" title="Jack Thayer">Jack Thayer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marian_Thayer" title="Marian Thayer">Marian Thayer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_West" title="Barbara West">Barbara West</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ella_Holmes_White" title="Ella Holmes White">Ella Holmes White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Elkins_Widener" title="Eleanor Elkins Widener">Eleanor Elkins Widener</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._Norris_Williams" title="R. Norris Williams">R. Norris Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Grice_Young" title="Marie Grice Young">Marie Grice Young</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Memorials_and_monuments_to_victims_of_the_Titanic" title="Memorials and monuments to victims of the Titanic">Monuments<br />and memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sturt_Street_Gardens#Titanic_Memorial_Bandstand" title="Sturt Street Gardens">Bandstand</a> (Ballarat)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Heroes_of_the_Marine_Engine_Room" title="Memorial to Heroes of the Marine Engine Room">Engine Room Heroes</a> (Liverpool)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Engineers%27_Memorial" title="Titanic Engineers' Memorial">Engineers</a> (Southampton)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Musicians%27_Memorial" title="Titanic Musicians' Memorial">Musicians</a> (Southampton)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial,_Belfast" title="Titanic Memorial, Belfast"><i>Titanic</i></a> (Belfast)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool">Orchestra</a> (Liverpool)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Straus_Park" title="Straus Park">Straus Park</a> (New York City)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial_(New_York_City)" title="Titanic Memorial (New York City)"><i>Titanic</i></a> (New York City)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Titanic Memorial (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Titanic</i></a> (Washington, D.C.)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Butt%E2%80%93Millet_Memorial_Fountain" title="Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain">Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain</a> (Washington, D.C.)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_in_popular_culture" title="Titanic in popular culture">Popular culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cultural_legacy_of_the_Titanic" title="Cultural legacy of the Titanic">(cultural legacy)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Titan:_Or,_Futility" title="The Wreck of the Titan: Or, Futility">The Wreck of the Titan: Or, Futility</a></i> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(book)" title="A Night to Remember (book)"><i>A Night to Remember</i></a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Polar_the_Titanic_Bear" title="Polar the Titanic Bear">Polar the Titanic Bear</a></i> (1995)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_Titanic" title="List of films about the Titanic">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saved_from_the_Titanic" title="Saved from the Titanic">Saved from the Titanic</a></i> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Nacht_und_Eis" title="In Nacht und Eis">In Nacht und Eis</a></i> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/La_hantise" title="La hantise">La hantise</a></i> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_(film)" title="Atlantic (film)">Atlantic</a></i> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantik_(film)" title="Atlantik (film)">Atlantik</a></i> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1943_film)" title="Titanic (1943 film)">Titanic</a></i> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1953_film)" title="Titanic (1953 film)">Titanic</a></i> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(1958_film)" title="A Night to Remember (1958 film)">A Night to Remember</a></i> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unsinkable_Molly_Brown_(film)" title="The Unsinkable Molly Brown (film)">The Unsinkable Molly Brown</a></i> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Raise_the_Titanic_(film)" title="Raise the Titanic (film)">Raise the Titanic</a></i> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Titanic" title="Secrets of the Titanic">Secrets of the Titanic</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanica" title="Titanica">Titanica</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chambermaid_on_the_Titanic" title="The Chambermaid on the Titanic">The Chambermaid on the Titanic</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_the_Titanic" title="The Legend of the Titanic">The Legend of the Titanic</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_The_Legend_Goes_On" title="Titanic: The Legend Goes On">Titanic: The Legend Goes On</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Who_Saw_the_Iceberg" title="The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg">The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_of_the_Abyss" title="Ghosts of the Abyss">Ghosts of the Abyss</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Tentacolino" title="Tentacolino">Tentacolino</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_II_(film)" title="Titanic II (film)">Titanic II</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Six_(film)" title="The Six (film)">The Six</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_666" title="Titanic 666">Titanic 666</a></i> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Unsinkable_(film)" title="Unsinkable (film)">Unsinkable</a></i> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_Titanic#Television_movies_and_notable_episodes" title="List of films about the Titanic">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(Kraft_Television_Theatre)" title="A Night to Remember (Kraft Television Theatre)">A Night to Remember</a>" (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Titanic" title="S.O.S. Titanic">S.O.S. Titanic</a></i> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_The_Complete_Story" title="Titanic: The Complete Story">Titanic: The Complete Story</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1996_miniseries)" title="Titanic (1996 miniseries)">Titanic</a></i> (1996 miniseries)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/No_Greater_Love_(1996_film)" title="No Greater Love (1996 film)"> No Greater Love</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Flight_to_Remember" title="A Flight to Remember">"A Flight to Remember" (<i>Futurama</i>)</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Mutants_Are_Revolting" title="The Mutants Are Revolting">"The Mutants Are Revolting" (<i>Futurama</i>)</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(2012_TV_series)" title="Titanic (2012 TV series)">Titanic</a></i> (2012 miniseries)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_Blood_and_Steel" title="Titanic: Blood and Steel">Titanic: Blood and Steel</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saving_the_Titanic" title="Saving the Titanic">Saving the Titanic</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_The_Aftermath" title="Titanic: The Aftermath">Titanic: The Aftermath</a></i> (2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Berg_(play)" title="The Berg (play)">The Berg</a></i> (1929) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unsinkable_Molly_Brown_(musical)" title="The Unsinkable Molly Brown (musical)">The Unsinkable Molly Brown</a></i> (1960 musical)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(play)" title="Titanic (play)">Titanic</a></i> (1974) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(musical)" title="Titanic (musical)">Titanic</a></i> (1997 musical)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Titanic_(song)" title="The Titanic (song)">The <i>Titanic</i> (It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down)</a>" (folk song)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sinking_of_the_Titanic_(Bryars)" title="The Sinking of the Titanic (Bryars)">The Sinking of the Titanic</a></i> (music composition)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_Music_from_the_Motion_Picture" title="Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture">Titanic</a></i> (soundtrack album)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Titanic" title="Back to Titanic">Back to Titanic</a></i> (soundtrack album)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" (song)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Nearer,_My_God,_to_Thee#RMS_Titanic_and_SS_Valencia" title="Nearer, My God, to Thee">Nearer, My God, to Thee</a>" (song)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanique" title="Titanique">Titanique</a></i> (musical parody)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Dance_Band_on_the_Titanic_(song)" title="Dance Band on the Titanic (song)">Dance Band on the Titanic</a>" (song)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Titanic_(Falco_song)" title="Titanic (Falco song)">Titanic</a>" (song)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Requiem" title="Titanic Requiem">Titanic Requiem</a></i> (music composition)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Tempest_(Bob_Dylan_song)" title="Tempest (Bob Dylan song)">Tempest</a>" (song)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Rising" title="Titanic Rising">Titanic Rising</a></i> (album)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Search_for_the_Titanic" title="Search for the Titanic">Search for the Titanic</a></i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_Adventure_Out_of_Time" title="Titanic: Adventure Out of Time">Titanic: Adventure Out of Time</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic:_Honor_and_Glory" title="Titanic: Honor and Glory">Titanic: Honor and Glory</a></i> (TBA)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums<br />and exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SeaCity_Museum" title="SeaCity Museum">SeaCity Museum</a> (Southampton)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Museum_(Branson,_Missouri)" title="Titanic Museum (Branson, Missouri)"><i>Titanic</i> Museum (Branson, Missouri)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Museum_(Pigeon_Forge,_Tennessee)" title="Titanic Museum (Pigeon Forge, Tennessee)"><i>Titanic</i> Museum (Pigeon Forge, Tennessee)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic" title="Maritime Museum of the Atlantic">Maritime Museum of the Atlantic</a> (Halifax)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Belfast" title="Titanic Belfast"><i>Titanic</i> Belfast</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic,_Saskatchewan" title="Titanic, Saskatchewan">Titanic (Canada)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Canyon" title="Titanic Canyon">Titanic Canyon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Quarter" title="Titanic Quarter">Titanic Quarter, Belfast</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Race" title="Cape Race">Cape Race, Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fairview_Lawn_Cemetery" title="Fairview Lawn Cemetery">Fairview Lawn Cemetery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olivet_Cemetery_(Halifax,_Nova_Scotia)" title="Mount Olivet Cemetery (Halifax, Nova Scotia)">Mount Olivet Cemetery (Halifax, Nova Scotia)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arrol_Gantry" title="Arrol Gantry">Arrol Gantry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic,_Oklahoma" title="Titanic, Oklahoma">Titanic, Oklahoma</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMS_Baltic_(1903)" title="RMS Baltic (1903)">RMS <i>Baltic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMS_Olympic" title="RMS Olympic">RMS <i>Olympic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HMHS_Britannic" title="HMHS Britannic">HMHS <i>Britannic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SS_Mount_Temple" title="SS Mount Temple">SS <i>Mount Temple</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMS_Carpathia" title="RMS Carpathia">RMS <i>Carpathia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SS_Californian" title="SS Californian">SS <i>Californian</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CS_Mackay-Bennett" title="CS Mackay-Bennett">CS <i>Mackay-Bennett</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SS_Birma" title="SS Birma">SS <i>Birma</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SS_Frankfurt" title="SS Frankfurt">SS <i>Frankfurt</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Replica_Titanic" title="Replica Titanic">Replica <i>Titanic</i></a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_II" title="Titanic II">Titanic II</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romandisea_Titanic" title="Romandisea Titanic">Romandisea <i>Titanic</i></a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic_Maritime_Memorial_Act" title="RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act">RMS <i>Titanic</i> Maritime Memorial Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Concerning_the_Shipwrecked_Vessel_RMS_Titanic" title="Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic">Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS <i>Titanic</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Blair_(mariner)" title="David Blair (mariner)">David Blair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Cottam" title="Harold Cottam">Harold Cottam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Haddock" title="Herbert Haddock">Herbert Haddock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Lord" title="Stanley Lord">Stanley Lord</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rostron" title="Arthur Rostron">Arthur Rostron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_Historical_Society" title="Titanic Historical Society"><i>Titanic</i> Historical Society</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanic_International_Society" title="Titanic International Society">Titanic International Society</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Titanica" title="Encyclopedia Titanica">Encyclopedia Titanica</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halomonas titanicae</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_and_children_first" title="Women and children first">Women and children first</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ballard" title="Robert Ballard">Robert Ballard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Circassienne_au_Bain" title="La Circassienne au Bain">La Circassienne au Bain</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(submersible)" title="Titan (submersible)"><i>Titan</i> submersible</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titan_submersible_implosion" title="Titan submersible implosion">implosion</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:RMS_Titanic" title="Category:RMS Titanic">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers1446" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers1446" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Halomonas titanicae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287265" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q287265">Q287265</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BacDive" title="BacDive">BacDive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/6076">6076</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3JFH5">3JFH5</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/11688223">11688223</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7759527">7759527</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=962154">962154</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature">LPSN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/halomonas-titanicae">halomonas-titanicae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=664683">664683</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&oldid=1255776073">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halomonas_titanicae&oldid=1255776073</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanospirillales" title="Category:Oceanospirillales">Oceanospirillales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:RMS_Titanic" title="Category:RMS Titanic">RMS 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