CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Patrice Lumumba - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"ca980917-c21b-497d-9017-f4f3b151bc4d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Patrice_Lumumba","wgTitle":"Patrice Lumumba","wgCurRevisionId":5676323,"wgRevisionId":5676323,"wgArticleId":978351,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Laman dengan ralat rujukan","Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)","Sumber CS1 bahasa Jerman (de)","Sumber CS1 bahasa Perancis (fr)","Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes","Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan","Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat","Rencana yang menggunakan kotak pesanan kecil","Rencanal dengan pautan Encyclopædia Britannica","Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Totela","Rencana dengan bahagian kosong dari September 2022", "Semua rencana dengan bahagian kosong","Kelahiran 1925","Kematian 1961","Perdana Menteri Republik Demokratik Congo","Pemimpin yang digulingkan melalui rampasan kuasa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Patrice_Lumumba","wgRelevantArticleId":978351,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q161672","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1991"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1328"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1062"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Patrice Lumumba - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Patrice_Lumumba rootpage-Patrice_Lumumba skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Patrice+Lumumba" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Patrice+Lumumba" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Patrice+Lumumba" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Patrice+Lumumba" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Awal_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awal_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Awal hidup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awal_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerjaya_politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerjaya_politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kerjaya politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kerjaya_politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kerjaya politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kerjaya_politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perjuangan_mendapatkan_kemerdekaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjuangan_mendapatkan_kemerdekaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Perjuangan mendapatkan kemerdekaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perjuangan_mendapatkan_kemerdekaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pemerintahan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Pemerintahan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sebagai_Perdana_Menteri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebagai_Perdana_Menteri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sebagai Perdana Menteri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebagai_Perdana_Menteri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krisis_bergolak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krisis_bergolak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Krisis bergolak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Krisis_bergolak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Krisis bergolak</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Krisis_bergolak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perebutan_kuasa_dengan_Mobutu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perebutan_kuasa_dengan_Mobutu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Perebutan kuasa dengan Mobutu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perebutan_kuasa_dengan_Mobutu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembunuhan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembunuhan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pembunuhan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembunuhan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Patrice Lumumba</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 93 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="باتريس لومومبا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتريس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patris_Lumumba" title="Patris Lumumba – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Patris Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریک لومومبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاتریک لومومبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="পাত্রিস লুমুম্বা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাত্রিস লুমুম্বা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрыс Лумумба – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патрыс Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕ་ཁྲི་རི་ཟེ་ལི་མིན་བ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕ་ཁྲི་རི་ཟེ་ལི་མིན་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Πατρίς Λουμούμπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πατρίς Λουμούμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A3%A8%EB%AD%84%EB%B0%94" title="파트리스 루뭄바 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파트리스 루뭄바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1" title="Պատրիս Լումումբա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատրիս Լումումբա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="पैट्रिस लुंबा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैट्रिस लुंबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%94" title="פטריס לומומבה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטריס לומומבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პატრის ლუმუმბა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პატრის ლუმუმბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricius_Lumumba" title="Patricius Lumumba – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patricius Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriss_Lumumba" title="Patriss Lumumba – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patriss Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patris_Lumumba" title="Patris Lumumba – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patris Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC" title="പാട്രിസ് ലുമുംബ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാട്രിസ് ലുമുംബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="पॅट्रिस लुमुम्बा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅट्रिस लुमुम्बा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პატრის ლუმუმბა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პატრის ლუმუმბა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="باتريس لومومبا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتريس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90" title="パトリス・ルムンバ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パトリス・ルムンバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%94%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B_%DF%9F%DF%8E%DF%A1%DF%8E%DF%B2%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߔߊ߬ߕߙߌߛ ߟߎߡߎ߲ߓߊ߫ – N’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߔߊ߬ߕߙߌߛ ߟߎߡߎ߲ߓߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੈਤਰਿਸ ਲਮੂੰਬਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਤਰਿਸ ਲਮੂੰਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پطرس لوممبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پطرس لوممبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پتریس لومومبا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лумумба, Патрис – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лумумба, Патрис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پاتریس لومومبا – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاتریس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="பத்திரிசு லுமும்பா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பத்திரிசு லுமும்பா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патрис Лумумба – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патрис Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE" title="ప్యాట్రిస్ లుముంబా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్యాట్రిస్ లుముంబా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="ปาทริส ลูมูมบา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาทริส ลูมูมบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Патріс Лумумба – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патріс Лумумба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="پیٹرائیس لومومبا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیٹرائیس لومومبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba – Ndebele Selatan" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Patrice Lumumba" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="Ndebele Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161672#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Patrice_Lumumba" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&oldid=5676323" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Patrice_Lumumba&id=5676323&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatrice_Lumumba"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatrice_Lumumba"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Patrice+Lumumba"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Patrice_Lumumba&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Patrice_Lumumba" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161672" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Patrice Lumumba</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Patrice_Lumumba,_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg/220px-Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg/330px-Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdana_Menteri_Republik_Demokratik_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdana Menteri Republik Demokratik Congo (laman tidak wujud)">Perdana Menteri</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">R.D. Congo</a> Pertama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Dalam jawatan</b></span><br />24 Jun 1960 – 5 September 1960</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Presiden</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Kasa-Vubu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu (laman tidak wujud)">Joseph Kasa-Vubu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Timbalan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Gizenga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Gizenga (laman tidak wujud)">Antoine Gizenga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Didahului oleh</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>jawatan ditubuhkan</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Digantikan oleh</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Il%C3%A9o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Iléo (laman tidak wujud)">Joseph Iléo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menteri_Pertahanan_Republik_Demokratik_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menteri Pertahanan Republik Demokratik Congo) (laman tidak wujud)">Menteri Pertahanan</a> R.D. Congo</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Dalam jawatan</b></span><br />24 Jun 1960 – 5 September 1960</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Maklumat peribadi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Élias Okit'Asombo</div><br />2 Julai 1925<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katakokombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katakokombe (laman tidak wujud)">Katakokombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congo_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Congo Belgium">Congo Belgium</a><br /><small>(kini <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">R. D. Congo</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mati</th><td class="infobox-data">17 Januari 1961 (berusia 35)<br />Berhampiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubumbashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubumbashi (laman tidak wujud)">Élisabethville</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negeri_Katanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negeri Katanga (laman tidak wujud)">Katanga</a><br /><small>(kini Lubumbashi, Republik Demokratik Congo)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukuman_tembakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukuman tembakan (laman tidak wujud)">Dihukum tembak mati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parti politik</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pergerakan_Kebangsaan_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pergerakan Kebangsaan Congo (laman tidak wujud)">Pergerakan Kebangsaan Congo</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patrice Émery Lumumba</b> (2 Julai 1925 - 17 Januari 1961) adalah seorang ahli politik dan pemimpin kemerdekaan Kongo yang berkhidmat sebagai Perdana Menteri pertama <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">Republik Demokratik Congo</a> yang merdeka dari bulan Jun hingga September 1960. Patrice memainkan peranan penting dalam transformasi Kongo dari koloni Belgium ke sebuah republik bebas. Beliau berpegang kepada ideologinya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasionalisme_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasionalisme Afrika (laman tidak wujud)">nasionalisme Afrika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pan-Afrikanisme" title="Pan-Afrikanisme">Pan-Africanist</a> memimpin parti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_Gerakan_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres Gerakan Nasional (laman tidak wujud)">Kongres Gerakan Nasional</a> (MNC) dari 1958 sehingga pembunuhannya.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tidak lama selepas kemerdekaan Kongo pada tahun 1960, satu pemberontakan meletus di tentera, menandakan permulaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisis_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisis Congo (laman tidak wujud)">krisis Congo</a>. Lumumba memohon pertolongan kepada <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-bangsa_Bersatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu</a> untuk membantu menumpaskan pemberontak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negeri_Katanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negeri Katanga (laman tidak wujud)">Katanga</a> yang diberi sokongan oleh <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. Keengganan kedua-dua pihak memaksa Lumumba berpaling meminta bantuan <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a> saat gentingnya antara kedua-dua kuasa besar ini dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini membawa kepada perbezaan yang semakin meningkat dengan Presiden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Kasa-Vubu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu (laman tidak wujud)">Joseph Kasa-Vubu</a> dan ketua pegawai <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Joseph-Désiré Mobutu</a> yang menjejaskan keadaan politik di negara tersebut yang berlarutan. </p><p>Beliau terkorban semasa Krisis Congo setelah dikepung dan dibunuh orang-orang penyokong Mobutu. Kematiannya diingati sebagai suatu kemartiran untuk negara R. D. Congo dan gerakan pan-Afrikanisme secara keseluruhannya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awal_hidup">Awal hidup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Awal hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Awal hidup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Patrice Lumumba lahir pada 2 Julai 1925 di kampung Onalua wilayah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katakokombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katakokombe (laman tidak wujud)">Katakokombe</a> provinsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasai_region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasai region (laman tidak wujud)">Kasai</a> di <a href="/wiki/Congo_Belge" title="Congo Belge">Congo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliau anak dari lima adik beradik (termasuk seorang yang tiri<sup id="cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) kepada Julienne Wamato Lomendja dan François Tolenga Otetshima, seorang petani<sup id="cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dua-dua berketurunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Tetela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Tetela (laman tidak wujud)">orang Tetela</a> <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Rom" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Rom">Katolik Rom</a>; nama keluarga asalnya Okit'Asombo bermaksud "pewaris (<span title="Totela-language text"><i lang="ttl">okitá</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ttl is deprecated </span>/<span title="Totela-language text"><i lang="ttl">okitɔ́</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ttl is deprecated </span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hagendorens_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hagendorens-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang disumpah (<span title="Totela-language text"><i lang="ttl">asombó</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ttl is deprecated </span>)".<sup id="cite_ref-Hagendorens2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hagendorens2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliau boleh berbual dalam bahasa-bahasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Tetela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Tetela (laman tidak wujud)">Tetela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Perancis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Lingala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Lingala (laman tidak wujud)">Lingala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swahili" title="Bahasa Swahili">Swahili</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tshiluba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tshiluba (laman tidak wujud)">Tshiluba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kerjaya_politik">Kerjaya politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Kerjaya politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kerjaya politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beliau menggiatkan diri dalam pergerakan kemerdekaan sebenua Afrika yang semakin terbuka berikutan <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua">Perang Dunia Kedua</a>. Beliau dilantik sebagai ketua daerah (<i>cercles</i>) Stanleyville (kini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisangani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kisangani (laman tidak wujud)">Kisangani</a>) tahun 1955 di bawah pimpinan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Liberal_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Liberal Belgium (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Liberal Belgium</a>, di sini juga beliau bertanggungjawab mengarang dan mengedarkan terbitan lidah parti. Dia disabitkan kesalahan menyeleweng wang sebanyak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franc_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franc Belgium (laman tidak wujud)">$</a>2500 di pejabat pos berikutan suatu jelajah darmawisata di Belgium tahun 1956<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di mana beliau dihukum penjara selama 12 tahun berdenda.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah Lumumba dibebaskan dari penjara, beliau mengasas bersama parti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouvement_National_Congolais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouvement National Congolais (laman tidak wujud)">Mouvement National Congolais</a></i> (MNC) pada 5 Oktober 1958 menjadi ketua parti tidak lama kemudian<sup id="cite_ref-rus_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parti MNC diketuainya tidak memihak kepada mana-mana suku bangsa<sup id="cite_ref-gibbs79_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbs79-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meumpu kepada kemerdekaan, menaikkan gagasan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengafrikanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengafrikanan (laman tidak wujud)">Pengafrikanan</a> pemerintahan serta keberkecualian dalam ehwal luar negara. Lumumba sangat dikagumi kerana peribadi tingginya serta gaya pidato dan pemikiran yang hebat mendapat sokongan ramai<sup id="cite_ref-gibbs79_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbs79-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sehinggakan bebas mewewenang berbanding orang lain seperjuangan yang sering meminta bantuan Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-gibbs80_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbs80-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perjuangan_mendapatkan_kemerdekaan">Perjuangan mendapatkan kemerdekaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Perjuangan mendapatkan kemerdekaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perjuangan mendapatkan kemerdekaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Bahagian_kosong plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Bahagian ini kosong.</b><br />Anda boleh bantu dengan <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=">menambah isi bahagian ini.</a> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemerintahan">Pemerintahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pemerintahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pemerintahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sebagai_Perdana_Menteri">Sebagai Perdana Menteri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Sebagai Perdana Menteri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sebagai Perdana Menteri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Bahagian_kosong plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Bahagian ini kosong.</b><br />Anda boleh bantu dengan <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=">menambah isi bahagian ini.</a> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Krisis_bergolak">Krisis bergolak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Krisis bergolak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Krisis bergolak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perebutan_kuasa_dengan_Mobutu">Perebutan kuasa dengan Mobutu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Perebutan kuasa dengan Mobutu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perebutan kuasa dengan Mobutu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pihak <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a> mengundi pada 24 November di mana majoriti suara bersetuju menerima pegawai lantikan Mobutu ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Agung_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Perhimpunan Agung</a> mengenepikan yang dijanjikan dari pihak Lumumba. Lumumba memutuskan mengikuti timbalannya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Gizenga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Gizenga (laman tidak wujud)">Antoine Gizenga</a> ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisangani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kisangani (laman tidak wujud)">Stanleyville</a> mendapatkan kembali kuasa wewenang direbut:<sup id="cite_ref-nzongola-ntalaja110_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzongola-ntalaja110-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beliau pada tulat harinya berkonvoi bersama keluarganya (isteri dan anak bongsunya) serta orang kuat seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9my_Mwamba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rémy Mwamba (laman tidak wujud)">Rémy Mwamba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mulele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mulele (laman tidak wujud)">Pierre Mulele</a> bertemu orang-orang pedalaman meskipun diancam bahaya dan sepatutnya bertemu askar-askar setia Gizenga di sempadan provinsi Orientale. </p><p>Pasukan Mobutu berjaya menangkap rombongan Lumumba pada 1 Disember di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Sankuru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Sankuru (laman tidak wujud)">sungai Sankuru</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tepi Lodi.<sup id="cite_ref-nzongola-ntalaja110_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzongola-ntalaja110-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lumumba berpatah balik mendapatkan isteri dan anaknya yang tertinggal di sebelah batang sungai meskipun ditegah Mwamba dan Mulele, Lumumba diberkas konco-konco<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan dibawa singgah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilebo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilebo (laman tidak wujud)">Port Francqui</a> sebelum diterbangkan kembali ke Léopoldville keesokan harinya,<sup id="cite_ref-nzongola-ntalaja110_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzongola-ntalaja110-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobutu berniat membicarakan dan menghukum Lumumba atas dakwaan memberontak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembunuhan">Pembunuhan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Pembunuhan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pembunuhan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lumumba dibawa diikat ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubumbashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubumbashi (laman tidak wujud)">Elisabethville</a> pada 17 Januari 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-wkl_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-wkl-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beliau dan beberapa orang sekutunya diseksa di Rumah Brouwez oleh askar-askar Katanga dan Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sambil Presiden Katanga Moïse Tshombe dan kabinet memutuskan apa mahu dilakukan kepada mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada malam hari kemdian, Lumumba, Mpolo dan Okito dibawa ke suatu tempat terpencil adanya tiga pasukan penembak maut diketuai pegawai kontrak Belgium Julien Gat<sup id="cite_ref-brusselstimes_20180911_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brusselstimes_20180911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta dihadiri Tshombe dan dua orang menterinya. Ketiga-tiga orang Congo ini segera diikat pada pokok dan dilepaskan tembakan searahan Gat;<sup id="cite_ref-brusselstimes_20180911_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brusselstimes_20180911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hukuman ini dilaksanakan sama ada pada jam 21:40-21:43 malam atau pada 22:45 malam.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayat-mayat mereka dilupuskan keesokan hari atas desakan Menteri Dalam Negeri Katanga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Munongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godefroid Munongo (laman tidak wujud)">Godefroid Munongo</a> secara dikerat-kerat, direndam dalam <a href="/wiki/Asid_sulfurik" title="Asid sulfurik">asid sulfurik</a> dan dihancurkan tulang-belulang bertaburan di kawasan setempat.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kematian Lumumba diumumkan di siaran radio Katangan radio sebulan kemudian dengan dakwaan kononnya beliau dibunuh orang kampung sebaik meloloskan diri sekitar pekarangan penjara Kolatey.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1961_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_1961-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khabar ini mencetuskan banyak tunjuk perasaan menyokong Lumumba di beberapa negara Eropah termasuk samunan kedutaan Belgium di<a href="/w/index.php?title=Beograd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beograd (laman tidak wujud)">Beograd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, suatu perarakan bertempung dengan pihak polis di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dataran_Trafalgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dataran Trafalgar (laman tidak wujud)">dataran Trafalgar</a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta tunjuk perasaan ganas semasa berlakunya sidang <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Keselamatan_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Majlis Keselamatan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Majlis Keselamatan PBB</a> di New York.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/22/statue-missing-hand-colonial-belgium-leopold-congo">The Guardian, 22 February 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E4DF123BF934A25752C1A9679C8B63">"Report Reproves Belgium in Lumumba's Death"</a>. Belgium; Congo (Formerly Zaire): New York Times. 17 November 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Report+Reproves+Belgium+in+Lumumba%27s+Death&rft.date=2001-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9800E4DF123BF934A25752C1A9679C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanyarwunga4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanyarwunga4_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKanyarwunga2006" class="citation book cs1">Kanyarwunga, Jean I N (2006). <i>République démocratique du Congo : Les générations condamnées : Déliquescence d'une société précapitaliste</i>. Paris: Publibook. m/s. 76. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9782748333435" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9782748333435"><bdi>9782748333435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9publique+d%C3%A9mocratique+du+Congo+%3A+Les+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations+condamn%C3%A9es+%3A+D%C3%A9liquescence+d%27une+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+pr%C3%A9capitaliste&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Publibook&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9782748333435&rft.aulast=Kanyarwunga&rft.aufirst=Jean+I+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZeilig2015" class="citation book cs1">Zeilig, Leo (2015-03-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lVcrDwAAQBAJ&q=patrice+lumumba+birth&pg=PT23"><i>Lumumba: Africa's Lost Leader</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Haus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781908323958" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781908323958"><bdi>9781908323958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lumumba%3A+Africa%27s+Lost+Leader&rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.isbn=9781908323958&rft.aulast=Zeilig&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlVcrDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpatrice%2Blumumba%2Bbirth%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hagendorens-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hagendorens_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHagendorens1975" class="citation book cs1">Hagendorens, MGR J (1975). <i>Dictionnaire ɔtɛtɛla-français</i>. Bandundu: Ceeba Publications. m/s. 275–76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C9%94t%C9%9Bt%C9%9Bla-fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Bandundu&rft.pages=275-76&rft.pub=Ceeba+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Hagendorens&rft.aufirst=MGR+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hagendorens2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hagendorens2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHagendorens1975" class="citation book cs1">Hagendorens, MGR J (1975). <i>Dictionnaire ɔtɛtɛla-français</i>. Bandundu: Ceeba Publications. m/s. 309, 371.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C9%94t%C9%9Bt%C9%9Bla-fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Bandundu&rft.pages=309%2C+371&rft.pub=Ceeba+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Hagendorens&rft.aufirst=MGR+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>:0</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/351310">Patrice Lumumba</a> di <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rus-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rus_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>rus</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-gibbs79-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gibbs79_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibbs79_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibbs1991">Gibbs 1991</a>, halaman 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibbs80-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gibbs80_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibbs1991">Gibbs 1991</a>, halaman 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nzongola-ntalaja110-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nzongola-ntalaja110_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nzongola-ntalaja110_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nzongola-ntalaja110_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNzongola-Ntalaja2002">Nzongola-Ntalaja 2002</a>, halaman 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKanza1994318–319_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKanza1994">Kanza 1994</a>, m/s. 318–319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-wkl-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-wkl_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/audio_video/programmes/correspondent/transcripts/974745.txt">"Correspondent:Who Killed Lumumba-Transcript"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 21 October 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Correspondent%3AWho+Killed+Lumumba-Transcript&rft.date=2000-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Faudio_video%2Fprogrammes%2Fcorrespondent%2Ftranscripts%2F974745.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span> 00.35.38–00.35.49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPrados2006" class="citation book cs1">Prados, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JokJ7K3b5fMC&q=%22Patrice+Lumumba%22+katanga+tortured&pg=PA278"><i>Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (laman tidak wujud)">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. m/s. 278. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781566638234" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781566638234"><bdi>9781566638234</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safe+for+Democracy%3A+The+Secret+Wars+of+the+CIA&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781566638234&rft.aulast=Prados&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJokJ7K3b5fMC%26q%3D%2522Patrice%2BLumumba%2522%2Bkatanga%2Btortured%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Witte2001" class="citation book cs1">De Witte, Ludo (2001). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Pendaftaran percuma diperlukan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/assassinationofl00witt"><i>The Assassination of Lumumba</i></a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verso_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verso Books (laman tidak wujud)">Verso Books</a>. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/assassinationofl00witt/page/136">136</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1859844106" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1859844106"><bdi>978-1859844106</bdi></a>. <q>Patrice Lumumba katanga tortured.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Assassination+of+Lumumba&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1859844106&rft.aulast=De+Witte&rft.aufirst=Ludo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fassassinationofl00witt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/13/newsid_2541000/2541053.stm">"BBC ON THIS DAY – 13 – 1961: Ex-Congo PM declared dead"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=BBC+ON+THIS+DAY+%E2%80%93+13+%E2%80%93+1961%3A+Ex-Congo+PM+declared+dead&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Ffebruary%2F13%2Fnewsid_2541000%2F2541053.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-43160052.html">"Erschlagen im Busch"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiegel_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiegel Online (laman tidak wujud)">Spiegel Online</a></i> (dalam bahasa Jerman). 22 June 1961<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Erschlagen+im+Busch&rft.date=1961-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-43160052.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brusselstimes_20180911-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brusselstimes_20180911_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brusselstimes_20180911_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFVanderstappen2018" class="citation web cs1">Vanderstappen, Tom (11 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/magazine/50661/facing-the-truths-of-belgium-s-colonial-past-the-unresolved-case-of-patrice-lumumba-s-death/">"Facing the truths of Belgium's colonial past: The unresolved case of Patrice Lumumba's death"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Brussels_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Brussels Times (laman tidak wujud)">The Brussels Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Brussels+Times&rft.atitle=Facing+the+truths+of+Belgium%27s+colonial+past%3A+The+unresolved+case+of+Patrice+Lumumba%27s+death&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=Vanderstappen&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brusselstimes.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F50661%2Ffacing-the-truths-of-belgium-s-colonial-past-the-unresolved-case-of-patrice-lumumba-s-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNdaywel_è_Nziem2015" class="citation book cs1">Ndaywel è Nziem, Isidor (2015). <i>Brève histoire du Congo</i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). Kinshasa: Médiaspaul. m/s. 223. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-2-7414-0936-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-2-7414-0936-6"><bdi>978-2-7414-0936-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Br%C3%A8ve+histoire+du+Congo&rft.place=Kinshasa&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=M%C3%A9diaspaul&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-2-7414-0936-6&rft.aulast=Ndaywel+%C3%A8+Nziem&rft.aufirst=Isidor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKinzer2013" class="citation book cs1">Kinzer, Stephen (2013). <i>The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War</i>. New York: Times Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brothers%3A+John+Foster+Dulles%2C+Allen+Dulles%2C+and+Their+Secret+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Kinzer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_1961-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1961_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/13/newsid_2541000/2541053.stm">"1961: Ex-Congo PM declared dead"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=1961%3A+Ex-Congo+PM+declared+dead&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Ffebruary%2F13%2Fnewsid_2541000%2F2541053.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/19/newsid_2748000/2748931.stm">"BBC: "1961: Lumumba rally clashes with UK police<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 February 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC%3A+%221961%3A+Lumumba+rally+clashes+with+UK+police%22&rft.date=2001-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Ffebruary%2F19%2Fnewsid_2748000%2F2748931.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMahoney1983" class="citation book cs1">Mahoney (1983). <i>JFK</i>. m/s. 72. <q>In the United States, the news of Lumumba's murder provoked racial riots. During an address by Ambassador Stevenson before the Security Council, a demonstration led by American blacks began in the visitors gallery. It quickly turned into a riot in which eighteen UN guards, two newsmen, and two protestors were injured. Outside of the UN building, fights between whites and blacks broke out. A large protest march into Times Square was halted by mounted police.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JFK&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Mahoney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUPI1961" class="citation news cs1">UPI (16 February 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kKgzAAAAIBAJ&pg=4519,3193749&hl=en">"Screaming Demonstrators Riot in United Nations Security Council"</a>. <i>Lodi News-Sentinel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lodi+News-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Screaming+Demonstrators+Riot+in+United+Nations+Security+Council&rft.date=1961-02-16&rft.au=UPI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DkKgzAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4519%2C3193749%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sumber utama</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGibbs1991" class="citation book cs1">Gibbs, David N. (1 November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NgN64EXv8mgC"><i>The Political Economy of Third World Intervention: Mines, Money, and U.S. Policy in the Congo Crisis</i></a>. American Politics and Political Economy. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780226290713" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780226290713"><bdi>9780226290713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Third+World+Intervention%3A+Mines%2C+Money%2C+and+U.S.+Policy+in+the+Congo+Crisis&rft.series=American+Politics+and+Political+Economy&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.isbn=9780226290713&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNgN64EXv8mgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKanza1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kanza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kanza (laman tidak wujud)">Kanza, Thomas R.</a> (1994). <i>The Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba: Conflict in the Congo</i> (ed. expanded). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochester,_Vermont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochester, Vermont (laman tidak wujud)">Rochester</a>, Vermont: Schenkman Books, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87073-901-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87073-901-9"><bdi>978-0-87073-901-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Patrice+Lumumba%3A+Conflict+in+the+Congo&rft.place=Rochester%2C+Vermont&rft.edition=expanded&rft.pub=Schenkman+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-87073-901-9&rft.aulast=Kanza&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNzongola-Ntalaja2014" class="citation book cs1">Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2DGBAAAQBAJ"><i>Patrice Lumumba</i></a> (ed. illustrated, reprint). Ohio University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780821445068" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780821445068"><bdi>9780821445068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patrice+Lumumba&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780821445068&rft.aulast=Nzongola-Ntalaja&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2DGBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APatrice+Lumumba" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tokoh_Perang_Dingin" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div id="Tokoh_Perang_Dingin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tokoh Perang Dingin</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> (Setiausaha Negara)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> (Senator Republikan)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> (Setiausaha Negara)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a> (Menteri Luar Negeri)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Dobrynin" title="Anatoly Dobrynin">Anatoly Dobrynin</a> (Duta kepada A.S.)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a> (Menteri Luar Negeri)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Barat" title="Jerman Barat">Jerman Barat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> (Premier)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" class="mw-redirect" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> (Setiausaha Agung)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Alain_Poher" title="Alain Poher">Alain Poher</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Berlinguer" title="Enrico Berlinguer">Enrico Berlinguer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Poland" title="Republik Rakyat Poland">Republik Rakyat Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gierek" title="Edward Gierek">Edward Gierek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Paus_Ioannes_Paulus_II" title="Paus Ioannes Paulus II">Paus Ioannes Paulus II</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Eropah_Timur" title="Eropah Timur">Eropah Timur</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Imre Nagy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Hungary" title="Republik Rakyat Hungary">Hungary</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania_Komunis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romania Komunis (laman tidak wujud)">Romania</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a> (<a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Timur_Jauh" title="Timur Jauh">Timur Jauh</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republik_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik China">Republik China</a>/Taiwan)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung-hee" title="Park Chung-hee">Park Chung-hee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il-sung" title="Kim Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" title="Hồ Chí Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Utara" title="Vietnam Utara">Vietnam Utara</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m" title="Ngô Đình Diệm">Ngô Đình Diệm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Selatan" title="Vietnam Selatan">Vietnam Selatan</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemboja_Demokratik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemboja Demokratik (laman tidak wujud)">Kemboja</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/U_Nu" title="U Nu">U Nu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nur_Misuari" title="Nur Misuari">Nur Misuari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">Louis St. Laurent</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Pearson">Lester Pearson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">John Turner</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Latin" title="Amerika Latin">Amerika Latin</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chile_rejim_Pinochet" title="Chile rejim Pinochet">Chile</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">João Goulart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_diktator_tentera_di_Brazil" title="Pemerintahan diktator tentera di Brazil">Brazil</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_El_Sadat" class="mw-redirect" title="Anwar El Sadat">Anwar El Sadat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patrice Lumumba</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu Sese Seko</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republik_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republik Congo (Léopoldville) (laman tidak wujud)">Congo</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto" title="Agostinho Neto">Agostinho Neto</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos" title="José Eduardo dos Santos">José Eduardo dos Santos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Savimbi" title="Jonas Savimbi">Jonas Savimbi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Ethiopia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"><div><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_masa_peristiwa_dalam_Perang_Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis masa peristiwa dalam Perang Dingin (laman tidak wujud)">Garis masa peristiwa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Perang_Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Perang Dingin (laman tidak wujud)">Portal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perang_Dingin" title="Kategori:Perang Dingin">Kategori</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&oldid=5676323">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&oldid=5676323</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencanal_dengan_pautan_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencanal dengan pautan Encyclopædia Britannica (laman tidak wujud)">Rencanal dengan pautan Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Totela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Totela (laman tidak wujud)">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Totela</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_dengan_bahagian_kosong_dari_September_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan bahagian kosong dari September 2022 (laman tidak wujud)">Rencana dengan bahagian kosong dari September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_dengan_bahagian_kosong" title="Kategori:Semua rencana dengan bahagian kosong">Semua rencana dengan bahagian kosong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kelahiran_1925" title="Kategori:Kelahiran 1925">Kelahiran 1925</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kematian_1961" title="Kategori:Kematian 1961">Kematian 1961</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Perdana_Menteri_Republik_Demokratik_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Perdana Menteri Republik Demokratik Congo (laman tidak wujud)">Perdana Menteri Republik Demokratik Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemimpin_yang_digulingkan_melalui_rampasan_kuasa" title="Kategori:Pemimpin yang digulingkan melalui rampasan kuasa">Pemimpin yang digulingkan melalui rampasan kuasa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_dengan_ralat_rujukan" title="Kategori:Laman dengan ralat rujukan">Laman dengan ralat rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Inggeris_(en)" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Jerman_(de)" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Jerman (de)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Jerman (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Perancis_(fr)" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Perancis (fr)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Perancis (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_untuk_dikembangkan" title="Kategori:Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan">Semua rencana untuk dikembangkan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_parameter_tarikh_tidak_sah_dalam_templat" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat">Rencana dengan parameter tarikh tidak sah dalam templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_menggunakan_kotak_pesanan_kecil" title="Kategori:Rencana yang menggunakan kotak pesanan kecil">Rencana yang menggunakan kotak pesanan kecil</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 09:55, 23 September 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrice_Lumumba&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-fclnj","wgBackendResponseTime":175,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.645","walltime":"0.763","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8996,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":100350,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3746,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":69292,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 681.569 1 -total"," 38.27% 260.837 1 Templat:Infobox_officeholder"," 21.84% 148.845 3 Templat:Lang"," 21.72% 148.063 1 Templat:Reflist"," 14.33% 97.685 1 Templat:Country2nationality"," 13.65% 93.060 2 Templat:ISO_3166_code"," 13.51% 92.055 17 Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jawatan/pejabat"," 12.24% 83.444 7 Templat:Cite_news"," 6.76% 46.041 2 Templat:Bahagian_kosong"," 5.99% 40.800 2 Templat:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.401","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23982868,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFDe_Witte2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbs1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagendorens1975\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKanyarwunga2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanza1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKinzer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahoney1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNdaywel_è_Nziem2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNzongola-Ntalaja2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrados2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUPI1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanderstappen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeilig2015\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Bahagian kosong\"] = 2,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Cold War figures\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-58cc965476-jjfb8","timestamp":"20241128224757","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Patrice Lumumba","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrice_Lumumba","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161672","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161672","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-05-30T10:17:22Z","dateModified":"2022-09-23T09:55:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7b\/Patrice_Lumumba%2C_1960.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>