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class="ArticlePage__ArticlePageMainColumn-sc-d019dc0d-0 ePodpb"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-aec765a1-0 ArticlePage__ArticleGridCell-sc-d019dc0d-1 gsGJfu jivZPe"><div data-testid="article-wrapper" class="ArticleWrapper__Wrapper-sc-bbdc12b4-0 fUdway"><article class="yle__article arkki-theme-default" data-vrsproduct="uutiset"><header class="yle__article__header"><div class="sc-ewMzwg taepJ"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204933/fi" aria-label="Lisää artikkeleita aiheesta Talous" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Talous</a></div><h1 class="sc-hUAZgl asJKO yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--1">Historia paljastaa, mihin Trumpin tullipolitiikka voi johtaa – vastaava tilanne oli viimeksi 1930-luvulla</h1><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-dslWvo hUYdmX cpEiOg yle__article__paragraph">Viimeksi vastaava kauppasota oli 1930-luvulla, sanoo taloushistorian professori. Silloin tullit pahensivat globaalia talouskriisiä.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ gaAVHD yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"74-20153699","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Donald Trumpin mukaan suuri lama olisi voitu 1930-luvulla välttää, jos kovia tulleja olisi peritty ajoissa. Kuvassa asukas Circlevillen ”Hoovervillessä”, Ohiossa, kesällä 1938.","copyrightHolder":"Universal History Archive / AOP","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5127585280687617,c_fill,g_faces,h_507,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1364131670e5a7b61368","keywords":"Yhdysvallat,köyhyys,Äärimmäinen köyhyys,1930-luvun lama"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw cxayOH"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5127585280687617,c_fill,g_faces,h_507,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1728994040/39-1364131670e5a7b61368 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5127585280687617,c_fill,g_faces,h_507,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1728994040/39-1364131670e5a7b61368 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5127585280687617,c_fill,g_faces,h_420,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1728994040/39-1364131670e5a7b61368 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5127585280687617,c_fill,g_faces,h_420,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1728994040/39-1364131670e5a7b61368 1x"/><img alt="Nainen lapsi sylissään ränsistyneen talon edessä. Sisällä oviaukossa poika." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3168,w_5632,x_0,y_529/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1728994040/39-1364131670e5a7b61368" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Avaa kuvien katselu</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>Donald Trumpin mukaan suuri lama olisi voitu 1930-luvulla välttää, jos kovia tulleja olisi peritty ajoissa. Kuvassa asukas Circlevillen ”Hoovervillessä”, Ohiossa, kesällä 1938.</span><span> Kuva: Universal History Archive / AOP</span></figcaption></figure><div class="sc-lertIE kTspkI"><ul aria-label="Tekijä" class="sc-cYoYeT kAbMlH"><li class="sc-lkbiLU fbQXTy"><span class="sc-dOUtaJ fLwwxC">Heikki Valkama</span></li></ul></div><div class="sc-bCCZMN ijFeZj"><div class="sc-ggPeai lantjH yle__article__date"><time class="sc-dmFEqP eNQWpc yle__article__date--published" dateTime="2025-04-04T07:04:52+03:00">4.4. 7:04</time><span aria-hidden="true" class="sc-eqpSQc qVrFL">•</span><time class="sc-dmFEqP eNQWpc yle__article__date--modified" dateTime="2025-04-04T11:59:39+03:00">Päivitetty 4.4. 11:59</time></div></div><div class="sc-kXkCoi dDYHXD"><button data-testid="default-article-audio-placeholder" class="sc-HzvkS Okeff"><span aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-1 exIoZf huiFxY"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-4 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-6 fVOhsW kTNNhq yds-button__icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.52 2.122a1 1 0 0 1 1.02.037l14 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.682l-14 9A1 1 0 0 1 5 21V3a1 1 0 0 1 .52-.878" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span><span class="sc-iPzZWv koWch">Kuuntele juttu 6:55</span></button><div aria-hidden="true" class="sc-dRRvfZ fcPqiN"><div data-testid="default-article-audio-player"></div></div><div class="sc-ZpFXC ikbtJF"></div></div></header><section class="yle__article__content"><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Taloushistoriaa tuntevat kuuntelivat keskiviikon ja torstain välisenä yönä Yhdysvaltain presidentin <strong class="sc-fQMTnL jFPcdh yle__article__strong">Donald Trumpin</strong> tullipuheita niin sanotusti korvat punaisena.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Trump haki tulleille perusteluja historiasta, ja täysin päin honkia.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Vuodesta 1789 vuoteen 1913 olimme tullien varaan rakennettu valtio, ja tuona aikana Yhdysvallat oli suhteellisesti rikkaimmillaan koko historiansa aikana, Trump julisti.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Hänen mukaansa tuolloin tullimaksut muodostivat suurimman osuuden liittovaltion tuloista. Sitten kaikki alkoi mennä väärin: vuonna 1913 Yhdysvaltoihin tuli tulovero. Ihmisten rikkaudet valuivat Trumpin mukaan liittovaltiolle. Trump on aiemmin väläytellyt, että<a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/13/trump-all-tariff-policy-to-replace-income-tax.html" role="link"> tullit voisivat korvata tuloverot.</a></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Myös 1930-luvun suuri lama olisi Trumpin mukaan voitu välttää, jos Yhdysvallat olisi käyttänyt voimakkaampaa tullipolitiikkaa.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"74-20153699","@context":"https://schema.org","video":{"@type":"VideoObject","description":"Trumpin mukaan kävi niin, että kun tullit poistettiin ja tulovero tuli, Yhdysvallat meni pilalle.","name":"1800-luvulla tullit toivat rahaa niin paljon ettei tiennyt, mihin sitä käyttää","thumbnailUrl":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_fill,g_faces,w_1200/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-144522567edf7b634d57","uploadDate":"2025-04-03T15:20:35+03:00","embedUrl":"https://player-v2.yle.fi/test.html#1-74218968"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw iRuPSi"><div><div data-testid="video-player" class="sc-incsXD eVBFQr"></div></div></div></figure><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Helsingin yliopiston taloushistorian professori <strong class="sc-fQMTnL jFPcdh yle__article__strong">Jari Elorannan</strong> mukaan Trump puhuu täysin vastoin historiallisia tosiasioita.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Hänen mukaansa tullipolitiikka palauttaa maan tilanteeseen, jossa se oli viimeksi noin 130 vuotta sitten.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Yhdysvallat oli voimakkaasti protektionistinen jo 1800-luvulla, etenkin suhteessa Iso-Britanniaan, joka oli silloin johtava teollisuusvalta. Ajateltiin, että omaa orastavaa teollisuutta pitää suojella vahvemmilta kilpailijoilta, Eloranta kertoo.</p><div class="sc-cHtFsA ebtxiN yle__article__infogram"> <div class="infogram-embed" data-id="2c77f971-2bdc-4a9d-80cd-e8bc5e87a373" data-type="interactive" data-title="Yhdysvaltain tullien taso oli 1800-luvulla korkea." ></div> </div><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Tämä ”infant industry” -argumentti, jonka mukaan omaa kehittyvää teollisuutta pitää suojella kilpailulta, oli aikanaan Yhdysvalloissa jossain määrin perusteltu. Samalla periaatteella esimerkiksi Etelä-Korea loi 1960-luvulla autoteollisuutta ja mahdollisti esimerkiksi Hyundain autojen synnyn.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Toisin sanoen kehittyville maille on ymmärrettävää, että ne haluavat luoda kotimaista tuotantoa ja suojata haurasta ja orastavaa teollisuuttaan. Tästä on taloushistoriassa monia esimerkkejä.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Elorannan mukaan nyky-Yhdysvalloissa tilanne on kuitenkin täysin erilainen.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"74-20153699","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Taloushistorian professori Jari Eloranta katsoi Trumpin tullijulistuksen tuoreeltaan ja totesi, että historiaa käytetään taas kerran väärin.","copyrightHolder":"Jyrki Ojala","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1395653675ff5a901284","keywords":"professorit"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw jGhOBf"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734343386/39-1395653675ff5a901284 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734343386/39-1395653675ff5a901284 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_424,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734343386/39-1395653675ff5a901284 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_424,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734343386/39-1395653675ff5a901284 1x"/><img alt="Jari Eloranta, taloushistorian professori, Helsingin yliopisto istuu työhuoneessaan kameraan katsoen." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_256/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1734343386/39-1395653675ff5a901284" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Avaa kuvien katselu</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>Taloushistorian professori Jari Eloranta katsoi Trumpin tullijulistuksen tuoreeltaan ja totesi, että historiaa käytetään taas kerran väärin.</span><span> Kuva: Jyrki Ojala</span></figcaption></figure><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Viimeksi vastaava kauppasota 1930-luvulla</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Yhdysvallat on maailman johtava talous, kehittynyt suurvalta ja ennen kaikkea moderni palvelutalous, jossa teollisuustuotanto ja maatalous ovat huomattavasti pienemmässä roolissa kuin 130 vuotta sitten.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– On epärealistista ajatella, että tullien avulla tuotanto voitaisiin tehdä Yhdysvalloissa niin edulliseksi, että teollisuus yhtäkkiä muuttuisi laajamittaisesti kannattavaksi, Eloranta sanoo. Esimerkiksi maan korkea palkkataso tekee tällaisesta ajatuksesta käytännössä mahdottoman.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Ajatus siitä, että USA suojelisi alkavaa teollisuuttaan tullien avulla, on nykytilanteessa täysin absurdi.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Trumpin ja republikaanipuolueen nykyinen suuntaus protektionismiin ja korkeisiin tulleihin heijastaa siis aikaa ennen toista maailmansotaa. Silloin republikaanipuolue kannatti korkeita tulleja ja vastusti ulkomaisia tuontituotteita sekä siirtolaisuutta.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"74-20153699","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Ihmisillä ei 1930-luvun lamassa ollut varaa junalippuihin. Taloushistorioitsijoiden mukaan tullit pahensivat lamaa.","copyrightHolder":"City of Toronto Archives","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/17-747165891e9665082d","keywords":"Hobo,junapummit,#juna,lama,30-luvun lama"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw iTrFtv"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_756,w_1344,x_291,y_189/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1488793504/17-747165891e9665082d 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_756,w_1344,x_291,y_189/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1488793504/17-747165891e9665082d 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_756,w_1344,x_291,y_189/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_357,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1488793504/17-747165891e9665082d 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_756,w_1344,x_291,y_189/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_357,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1488793504/17-747165891e9665082d 1x"/><img alt="Suuri joukko junapummeja junan katolla" src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_756,w_1344,x_291,y_189/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1488793504/17-747165891e9665082d" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Avaa kuvien katselu</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>Ihmisillä ei 1930-luvun lamassa ollut varaa junalippuihin. Taloushistorioitsijoiden mukaan tullit pahensivat lamaa.</span><span> Kuva: City of Toronto Archives</span></figcaption></figure><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Nykytilannetta vastaava kauppasota oli maailmassa Elorannan mukaan viimeksi juuri 1930-luvulla. Vuonna 1930 suuren laman aikana Yhdysvaltain toteuttama Smoot–Hawley-tullilaki pyrki suojaamaan maan taloutta, mutta aiheutti valtavia ongelmia sekä Yhdysvaltain omassa taloudessa että globaalissa kaupankäynnissä.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Smoot–Hawley-tullit laukaisivat kansainvälisen kauppasodan, jossa maat köyhdyttivät toinen toisiaan tullien avulla. Trumpin väite, että tullit olisivat estäneet laman, on historiallisesti täysin väärä. Päinvastoin, tullit pahensivat globaalia kriisiä, Eloranta sanoo.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Vastaavaa totesi taloustieteen professori, tulleja tutkinut<a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20142981" role="link"> taloushistorioitsija Douglas Irwin Ylelle.</a></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Haastattelun mukaan Smoot–Hawley -tullit olivat tarpeettomia ja haitallisia, sillä niitä suunniteltiin aikana, jolloin Yhdysvaltojen talous oli jo vahvassa kunnossa vuonna 1928. Tullit aiheuttivat kauppasodan, mikä kiihdytti maailmankaupan laskua, vaikka eivät yksin aiheuttaneetkaan suurta lamaa. Kauppasodat ja korkeat tullit osoittautuivat poliittisesti ongelmiksi, koska tullien poistaminen osoittautui myöhemmin hyvin vaikeaksi.</p><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Onko vapaakaupan aika ohi?</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen kansainvälinen yhteisö pyrki välttämään kauppasotia sopimuksilla ja järjestöillä, kuten GATT:lla (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) ja myöhemmin WTO:lla. GATT oli kansainvälisen kaupan edistämiseksi 1947 solmittu tulleja ja kaupankäyntiä koskeva yleissopimus, joka oli voimassa vuoteen 1995 asti. WTO eli World Trade Organisation taas on maailman kauppajärjestö, jonka tärkein tavoite on kaupan vapauttaminen.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Viime vuosikymmeninä kauppa on ollut yhä vapaampaa, mutta Elorannan mukaan Trumpin hallinnon uudet tullit uhkaavat tätä kehitystä vakavasti. Hän näkee tosin, että vuoden 2008 finanssikriisi oli jo yksi askel pois talouden globalisaatiosta.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Nykytilanteessa Yhdysvallat ei enää ole eristäytynyt 1800-luvun maa, vaan globaali supervalta, jonka tekemät päätökset vaikuttavat koko maailmantalouteen. Trumpin tullipolitiikka luo epävarmuutta, joka voi heikentää investointeja ja vaikeuttaa monien maiden taloudellista asemaa.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Paradoksaalisesti Trumpin politiikka voi vahvistaa Yhdysvaltojen kilpailijan, Kiinan, asemaa maailmankaupan uudeksi johtajaksi.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Kiina pyrkii nyt rakentamaan esimerkiksi Japanin ja Etelä-Korean kanssa uusia vapaakauppavyöhykkeitä. Tämä olisi vielä vähän aikaa sitten tuntunut mahdottomalta, Eloranta sanoo.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Professori uskoo, että tulevaisuudessa muu maailma saattaa jatkaa vapaakauppaa keskenään, vaikka Yhdysvallat pitäisikin yllä protektionistista linjaansa.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Trumpin politiikka heikentää ennen kaikkea Yhdysvaltojen omaa roolia ja uskottavuutta maailmantaloudessa. He ampuvat itseään jalkaan näillä toimilla, Eloranta toteaa.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph"><em class="sc-bWxZAa fQuqXk yle__article__emphasis">Korjattu 4.4.2024 kello 8.25: Jutussa luki aiemmin, että Trump olisi puhunut viime yönä. 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dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204933/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Talous – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Talous</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155113" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Ekonomistit: Tullitauko ei poista epävarmuutta – vaikutukset ulottuvat korkoihin ja investointeihin</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:42:16+0300">20:42</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-218195/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Vaalit – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Vaalit</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20143207" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Nimimerkki Gabika Ha julkaisi tökerön väärennöksen – se aloitti valheiden sarjan, joka voisi käydä Suomenkin vaaleissa</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:40:46+0300">20:40</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-205598/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Jalkapallo – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Jalkapallo</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155316" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Manchester Unitedin europelistä sanasota – seuran ex-tähti suuttui ”historian huonoimman veskarin” puheista</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:39:08+0300">20:39</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-215754/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Koripallo – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Koripallo</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155321" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">ToPo rynni naisten Korisliigan loppuotteluihin</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:30:41+0300">20:30</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-218195/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Vaalit – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Vaalit</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20153738" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Tule chattiin keskustelemaan ja esittämään kysymyksiä puheenjohtajille</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:26:25+0300">20:26</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-193507/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Yhdysvallat – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Yhdysvallat</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155320" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Trump voi kysyä kongressilta lupaa ostaa ulkomailta laivoja – Suomi toivonut jäänmurtajakauppoja</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:24:40+0300">20:24</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-207812/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Internet – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Internet</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155168" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Teinityttö julkisti somessa isänsä firmasta laittomasti hankittua henkilödataa Kiinassa</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:14:57+0300">20:14</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-207943/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Kunnat – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Kunnat</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155250" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Joensuussa on käynnissä erikoinen vääntö entisen kaupungintalon nimestä – eilen nimi muutettiin, tänään palautettiin</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T20:02:41+0300">20:02</time><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNt"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204933/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Talous – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Talous</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155317" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Britannia ja Japani sopivat yrittävänsä poistaa kaupan esteitä</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><time class="DateTime__StyledTime-sc-c1e3697-0 byWDPX MinimalHeadlines__Date-sc-76e54aa6-4 cfzqkD" dateTime="2025-04-10T19:34:33+0300">19:34</time></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 fhRapH"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-209443/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Paini – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Paini</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155172" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">”En ole nähnyt tuollaista koskaan” – venäläispomon käytös EM-kisojen palkintojenjaossa aiheutti ison skandaalin</a></h3></div></li></ol></aside><aside class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-aec765a1-0 SidebarLayout__SidebarItemContainer-sc-e74095cf-1 hkFzGH iTpqEf"><h2 id="sb-most-commented" class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 hggELm SidebarLayout__SidebarItemHeader-sc-e74095cf-0 kafeaj">Kommentoiduimmat</h2><ol aria-labelledby="sb-most-commented"><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><div aria-hidden="true" class="MinimalHeadlines__Index-sc-76e54aa6-3 hGjzZC">1</div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNj"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204933/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Talous – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Talous</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20154840" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Trump iski Temun paketeille huimat tullit, ja se näkyy hinnoissa myös Suomessa</a><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20154840#comments" class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 StoryCommentsCount__CommentsLink-sc-3c7db62d-0 OWCRX kHyTYs MinimalHeadlines__StyledStoryCommentsCount-sc-76e54aa6-5 hbnmnF" aria-label="Keskustele, 268 kommenttia"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="StoryCommentsCount__StyledMessageSquare-sc-3c7db62d-1 efOZCw"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v13.586l2.293-2.293A1 1 0 0 1 7 18h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zM2.879 4.879A3 3 0 0 1 5 4h14a3 3 0 0 1 3 3v10a3 3 0 0 1-3 3H7.414l-3.707 3.707A1 1 0 0 1 2 23V7a3 3 0 0 1 .879-2.121" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>Keskustele (268)</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><div aria-hidden="true" class="MinimalHeadlines__Index-sc-76e54aa6-3 hGjzZC">2</div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNj"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204933/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Talous – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Talous</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20154863" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Trump lyö armotta tulleja ja Kiina vastaa samalla mitalla – suurvaltojen ylpeys ajaa maailmaa vaarallisille vesille</a><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20154863#comments" class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 StoryCommentsCount__CommentsLink-sc-3c7db62d-0 OWCRX kHyTYs MinimalHeadlines__StyledStoryCommentsCount-sc-76e54aa6-5 hbnmnF" aria-label="Keskustele, 222 kommenttia"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="StoryCommentsCount__StyledMessageSquare-sc-3c7db62d-1 efOZCw"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v13.586l2.293-2.293A1 1 0 0 1 7 18h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zM2.879 4.879A3 3 0 0 1 5 4h14a3 3 0 0 1 3 3v10a3 3 0 0 1-3 3H7.414l-3.707 3.707A1 1 0 0 1 2 23V7a3 3 0 0 1 .879-2.121" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>Keskustele (222)</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><div aria-hidden="true" class="MinimalHeadlines__Index-sc-76e54aa6-3 hGjzZC">3</div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNj"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204253/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Luonnonsuojelu – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Luonnonsuojelu</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20146137" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Julia Thurénin kolumni: Ennen metsien hakkuut tehtiin talvella, sitten markkinatalous muutti suuntaa</a><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20146137#comments" class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 StoryCommentsCount__CommentsLink-sc-3c7db62d-0 OWCRX kHyTYs MinimalHeadlines__StyledStoryCommentsCount-sc-76e54aa6-5 hbnmnF" aria-label="Keskustele, 194 kommenttia"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="StoryCommentsCount__StyledMessageSquare-sc-3c7db62d-1 efOZCw"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v13.586l2.293-2.293A1 1 0 0 1 7 18h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zM2.879 4.879A3 3 0 0 1 5 4h14a3 3 0 0 1 3 3v10a3 3 0 0 1-3 3H7.414l-3.707 3.707A1 1 0 0 1 2 23V7a3 3 0 0 1 .879-2.121" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>Keskustele (194)</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><div aria-hidden="true" class="MinimalHeadlines__Index-sc-76e54aa6-3 hGjzZC">4</div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__ListLine-sc-76e54aa6-2 dEChNj"></div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 beiysB"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-220306/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Politiikka – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Politiikka</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155137" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Kansanedustaja käväisi etäyhteydellä 11 minuuttia aluevaltuuston kokouksessa – selvitimme monen roolin edustajien poissaoloja</a><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155137#comments" class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 StoryCommentsCount__CommentsLink-sc-3c7db62d-0 OWCRX kHyTYs MinimalHeadlines__StyledStoryCommentsCount-sc-76e54aa6-5 hbnmnF" aria-label="Keskustele, 110 kommenttia"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="StoryCommentsCount__StyledMessageSquare-sc-3c7db62d-1 efOZCw"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v13.586l2.293-2.293A1 1 0 0 1 7 18h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zM2.879 4.879A3 3 0 0 1 5 4h14a3 3 0 0 1 3 3v10a3 3 0 0 1-3 3H7.414l-3.707 3.707A1 1 0 0 1 2 23V7a3 3 0 0 1 .879-2.121" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>Keskustele (110)</a></h3></div></li><li class="MinimalHeadlines__TriggeredItem-sc-76e54aa6-0 kChaIM"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletContainer-sc-76e54aa6-7 dbmSw"><div class="MinimalHeadlines__BulletCell-sc-76e54aa6-8 hKpWrQ"><div aria-hidden="true" class="MinimalHeadlines__Index-sc-76e54aa6-3 hGjzZC">5</div></div></div><div class="MinimalHeadlines__Texts-sc-76e54aa6-1 fhRapH"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-204933/fi" data-testid="minimal-headline-tag" aria-label="Talous – Lisää aiheesta" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr">Talous</a><h3 class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 bcjrlF link-accent"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155092" class="MinimalHeadlines__Title-sc-76e54aa6-6 jKBWIY visitable-link">Neste romahdutti valtion salkun arvon – ylijohtaja sanoo suoraan, että osakkeita ei kannata myydä juuri nyt</a><a href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20155092#comments" class="Typography-sc-32e0cc0f-0 StoryCommentsCount__CommentsLink-sc-3c7db62d-0 OWCRX kHyTYs MinimalHeadlines__StyledStoryCommentsCount-sc-76e54aa6-5 hbnmnF" aria-label="Keskustele, 70 kommenttia"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="StoryCommentsCount__StyledMessageSquare-sc-3c7db62d-1 efOZCw"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v13.586l2.293-2.293A1 1 0 0 1 7 18h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zM2.879 4.879A3 3 0 0 1 5 4h14a3 3 0 0 1 3 3v10a3 3 0 0 1-3 3H7.414l-3.707 3.707A1 1 0 0 1 2 23V7a3 3 0 0 1 .879-2.121" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>Keskustele (70)</a></h3></div></li></ol></aside></div></div><div class="Decoration__FooterContainer-sc-9dca67d4-0 eittZN"><footer lang="fi" 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Silloin tullit pahensivat globaalia talouskriisiä.","mainMedia":[{"alt":"Nainen lapsi sylissään ränsistyneen talon edessä. Sisällä oviaukossa poika.","source":"Universal History Archive \u002F AOP","aspect":1.5127585280687617,"caption":"Donald Trumpin mukaan suuri lama olisi voitu 1930-luvulla välttää, jos kovia tulleja olisi peritty ajoissa. Kuvassa asukas Circlevillen ”Hoovervillessä”, Ohiossa, kesällä 1938.","id":"39-1364131670e5a7b61368","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"fin","value":"Nainen lapsi sylissään ränsistyneen talon edessä. 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Sisällä oviaukossa poika.","source":"Universal History Archive \u002F AOP","aspect":1.5127585280687617,"caption":"Donald Trumpin mukaan suuri lama olisi voitu 1930-luvulla välttää, jos kovia tulleja olisi peritty ajoissa. Kuvassa asukas Circlevillen ”Hoovervillessä”, Ohiossa, kesällä 1938.","id":"39-1364131670e5a7b61368","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"fin","value":"Nainen lapsi sylissään ränsistyneen talon edessä. 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Silloin tullit pahensivat globaalia talouskriisiä.","type":"text"},{"text":"Taloushistoriaa tuntevat kuuntelivat keskiviikon ja torstain välisenä yönä Yhdysvaltain presidentin **Donald Trumpin** tullipuheita niin sanotusti korvat punaisena.","type":"text"},{"text":"Trump haki tulleille perusteluja historiasta, ja täysin päin honkia.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Vuodesta 1789 vuoteen 1913 olimme tullien varaan rakennettu valtio, ja tuona aikana Yhdysvallat oli suhteellisesti rikkaimmillaan koko historiansa aikana, Trump julisti.","type":"text"},{"text":"Hänen mukaansa tuolloin tullimaksut muodostivat suurimman osuuden liittovaltion tuloista. Sitten kaikki alkoi mennä väärin: vuonna 1913 Yhdysvaltoihin tuli tulovero. Ihmisten rikkaudet valuivat Trumpin mukaan liittovaltiolle. Trump on aiemmin väläytellyt, että[ tullit voisivat korvata tuloverot.](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2024\u002F06\u002F13\u002Ftrump-all-tariff-policy-to-replace-income-tax.html)","type":"text"},{"text":"Myös 1930-luvun suuri lama olisi Trumpin mukaan voitu välttää, jos Yhdysvallat olisi käyttänyt voimakkaampaa tullipolitiikkaa.","type":"text"},{"type":"video","id":"1-74218968","programResponse":{"description":{"main":{"fin":"Trumpin mukaan kävi niin, että kun tullit poistettiin ja tulovero tuli, Yhdysvallat meni pilalle."}},"series":{"title":{"main":{"swe":"Nyhetsvideor","fin":"Uutisvideot"}},"image":{"cover":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"39-1297102665f4c71c5277","version":1744311434}},"main":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"39-1297102665f4c71c5277","version":1744311434}}}},"publications":[{"service":{"type":"Service","id":"yle-areena"},"publisher":{"type":"Service","id":"yle-areena"},"startTime":"2025-04-03T15:20:35+03:00","geoRestriction":"None","type":"Publication","id":"4-74218969","kind":"Ondemand","protectionLevel":{"key":"none","type":"ContentProtectionPolicy","id":"22-0"},"media":{"videoTrack":{"format":"HD","aspectRatio":"1:1","type":"VideoTrack","duration":"PT79S"},"captionTracks":[{"type":"CaptionTrack","language":"fin","kind":"hardOfHearing"}],"downloadable":false,"type":"Video","duration":"PT79S","id":"67-c3923ec3745f4ee1bc6de068e1b35845","available":true}}],"title":{"main":{"fin":"1800-luvulla tullit toivat rahaa niin paljon ettei tiennyt, mihin sitä käyttää"}},"id":"1-74218968","image":{"main":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"39-144522567edf7b634d57","version":1743683281}}}}},{"text":"Helsingin yliopiston taloushistorian professori **Jari Elorannan** mukaan Trump puhuu täysin vastoin historiallisia tosiasioita.","type":"text"},{"text":"Hänen mukaansa tullipolitiikka palauttaa maan tilanteeseen, jossa se oli viimeksi noin 130 vuotta sitten.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Yhdysvallat oli voimakkaasti protektionistinen jo 1800-luvulla, etenkin suhteessa Iso-Britanniaan, joka oli silloin johtava teollisuusvalta. Ajateltiin, että omaa orastavaa teollisuutta pitää suojella vahvemmilta kilpailijoilta, Eloranta kertoo.","type":"text"},{"alt":"Yhdysvaltain tullien taso oli 1800-luvulla korkea.","infogramId":"2c77f971-2bdc-4a9d-80cd-e8bc5e87a373","type":"infogram"},{"text":"Tämä ”infant industry” -argumentti, jonka mukaan omaa kehittyvää teollisuutta pitää suojella kilpailulta, oli aikanaan Yhdysvalloissa jossain määrin perusteltu. Samalla periaatteella esimerkiksi Etelä-Korea loi 1960-luvulla autoteollisuutta ja mahdollisti esimerkiksi Hyundain autojen synnyn.","type":"text"},{"text":"Toisin sanoen kehittyville maille on ymmärrettävää, että ne haluavat luoda kotimaista tuotantoa ja suojata haurasta ja orastavaa teollisuuttaan. Tästä on taloushistoriassa monia esimerkkejä.","type":"text"},{"text":"Elorannan mukaan nyky-Yhdysvalloissa tilanne on kuitenkin täysin erilainen.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"Jari Eloranta, taloushistorian professori, Helsingin yliopisto istuu työhuoneessaan kameraan katsoen.","source":"Jyrki Ojala","aspect":1.5,"caption":"Taloushistorian professori Jari Eloranta katsoi Trumpin tullijulistuksen tuoreeltaan ja totesi, että historiaa käytetään taas kerran väärin.","id":"39-1395653675ff5a901284","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"fin","value":"Jari Eloranta, taloushistorian professori, Helsingin yliopisto istuu työhuoneessaan kameraan katsoen."}],"blurhash":"LGHn$wj?NEM|~9D*kYIUbwt7IUoy","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"professorit"},{"language":"swe","value":"professorer"}],"extId":"18-211223"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Jyrki Ojala"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":256,"width":6000,"height":3375}}],"height":4000,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-16T11:40:56+02:00","modified":"2024-12-16T12:03:14+02:00","version":"1734343386","width":6000,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"Viimeksi vastaava kauppasota 1930-luvulla","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Yhdysvallat on maailman johtava talous, kehittynyt suurvalta ja ennen kaikkea moderni palvelutalous, jossa teollisuustuotanto ja maatalous ovat huomattavasti pienemmässä roolissa kuin 130 vuotta sitten.","type":"text"},{"text":"– On epärealistista ajatella, että tullien avulla tuotanto voitaisiin tehdä Yhdysvalloissa niin edulliseksi, että teollisuus yhtäkkiä muuttuisi laajamittaisesti kannattavaksi, Eloranta sanoo. Esimerkiksi maan korkea palkkataso tekee tällaisesta ajatuksesta käytännössä mahdottoman.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Ajatus siitä, että USA suojelisi alkavaa teollisuuttaan tullien avulla, on nykytilanteessa täysin absurdi.","type":"text"},{"text":"Trumpin ja republikaanipuolueen nykyinen suuntaus protektionismiin ja korkeisiin tulleihin heijastaa siis aikaa ennen toista maailmansotaa. Silloin republikaanipuolue kannatti korkeita tulleja ja vastusti ulkomaisia tuontituotteita sekä siirtolaisuutta.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"Suuri joukko junapummeja junan katolla","source":"City of Toronto Archives","aspect":1.7777777777777777,"caption":"Ihmisillä ei 1930-luvun lamassa ollut varaa junalippuihin. Taloushistorioitsijoiden mukaan tullit pahensivat lamaa.","id":"17-747165891e9665082d","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"fin","value":"Suuri joukko junapummeja junan katolla"}],"blurhash":"L8C?r]%M00D%~qt7D%Rj?bWBD%t7","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Hobo"},{"language":"swe","value":"Hobo"}],"extId":"18-245254"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"junapummit"}],"extId":""},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"#juna"}],"extId":""},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"lama"}],"extId":""},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"30-luvun lama"}],"extId":""}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"City of Toronto Archives"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":291,"y":189,"width":1344,"height":756}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":600,"y":0,"width":720,"height":1080}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":420,"y":0,"width":1080,"height":1080}}],"height":1080,"licence":{"id":"4","name":[{"language":"eng","value":"Other external source"},{"language":"fin","value":"Muu ulkoinen lähde"},{"language":"swe","value":"Annan extern källa"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2017-02-01T15:57:58+02:00","modified":"2017-03-06T11:45:06+02:00","version":"1488793504","width":1920,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"Nykytilannetta vastaava kauppasota oli maailmassa Elorannan mukaan viimeksi juuri 1930-luvulla. Vuonna 1930 suuren laman aikana Yhdysvaltain toteuttama Smoot–Hawley-tullilaki pyrki suojaamaan maan taloutta, mutta aiheutti valtavia ongelmia sekä Yhdysvaltain omassa taloudessa että globaalissa kaupankäynnissä.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Smoot–Hawley-tullit laukaisivat kansainvälisen kauppasodan, jossa maat köyhdyttivät toinen toisiaan tullien avulla. Trumpin väite, että tullit olisivat estäneet laman, on historiallisesti täysin väärä. Päinvastoin, tullit pahensivat globaalia kriisiä, Eloranta sanoo.","type":"text"},{"text":"Vastaavaa totesi taloustieteen professori, tulleja tutkinut[ taloushistorioitsija Douglas Irwin Ylelle.](https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fa\u002F74-20142981)","type":"text"},{"text":"Haastattelun mukaan Smoot–Hawley -tullit olivat tarpeettomia ja haitallisia, sillä niitä suunniteltiin aikana, jolloin Yhdysvaltojen talous oli jo vahvassa kunnossa vuonna 1928. Tullit aiheuttivat kauppasodan, mikä kiihdytti maailmankaupan laskua, vaikka eivät yksin aiheuttaneetkaan suurta lamaa. Kauppasodat ja korkeat tullit osoittautuivat poliittisesti ongelmiksi, koska tullien poistaminen osoittautui myöhemmin hyvin vaikeaksi.","type":"text"},{"text":"Onko vapaakaupan aika ohi?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen kansainvälinen yhteisö pyrki välttämään kauppasotia sopimuksilla ja järjestöillä, kuten GATT:lla (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) ja myöhemmin WTO:lla. GATT oli kansainvälisen kaupan edistämiseksi 1947 solmittu tulleja ja kaupankäyntiä koskeva yleissopimus, joka oli voimassa vuoteen 1995 asti. WTO eli World Trade Organisation taas on maailman kauppajärjestö, jonka tärkein tavoite on kaupan vapauttaminen.","type":"text"},{"text":"Viime vuosikymmeninä kauppa on ollut yhä vapaampaa, mutta Elorannan mukaan Trumpin hallinnon uudet tullit uhkaavat tätä kehitystä vakavasti. Hän näkee tosin, että vuoden 2008 finanssikriisi oli jo yksi askel pois talouden globalisaatiosta.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Nykytilanteessa Yhdysvallat ei enää ole eristäytynyt 1800-luvun maa, vaan globaali supervalta, jonka tekemät päätökset vaikuttavat koko maailmantalouteen. Trumpin tullipolitiikka luo epävarmuutta, joka voi heikentää investointeja ja vaikeuttaa monien maiden taloudellista asemaa.","type":"text"},{"text":"Paradoksaalisesti Trumpin politiikka voi vahvistaa Yhdysvaltojen kilpailijan, Kiinan, asemaa maailmankaupan uudeksi johtajaksi.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Kiina pyrkii nyt rakentamaan esimerkiksi Japanin ja Etelä-Korean kanssa uusia vapaakauppavyöhykkeitä. Tämä olisi vielä vähän aikaa sitten tuntunut mahdottomalta, Eloranta sanoo.","type":"text"},{"text":"Professori uskoo, että tulevaisuudessa muu maailma saattaa jatkaa vapaakauppaa keskenään, vaikka Yhdysvallat pitäisikin yllä protektionistista linjaansa.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Trumpin politiikka heikentää ennen kaikkea Yhdysvaltojen omaa roolia ja uskottavuutta maailmantaloudessa. He ampuvat itseään jalkaan näillä toimilla, Eloranta toteaa.","type":"text"},{"text":"*Korjattu 4.4.2024 kello 8.25: Jutussa luki aiemmin, että Trump olisi puhunut viime yönä. Korjattu juttuun tieto, että puhe oli keskiviikon ja torstain välisenä yönä Suomen aikaa.*","type":"text"},{"type":"links","links":[{"external":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fa\u002F74-20153075"},"internal":{"id":"74-20153075"},"title":"Amerikan taloudellinen itsenäisyysjulistus iski Suomeen – ”Siinä meni kuluvan vuoden talouskasvu”, sanoo ekonomisti","datePublished":"2025-04-03T10:05:23+0300","subject":{"description":{"fi":"taloudelliset ilmiöt","sv":"ekonomiska fenomen","en":"area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services by different 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Hän voitti presidentinvaalit republikaanisen puolueen ehdokkaana marraskuussa 2016 ja astui virkaan tammikuussa 2017.\nEnnen presidentiksi nousuaan Trump tuli tunnetuksi yritysjohtajana, miljardöörinä, kirjailijana ja televisiopersoonana. Hän aloitti uransa isänsä, kiinteistömoguli Fred Trumpin yrityksessä. Myöhemmin Trump siirtyi yrityksen johtoon, ja se nimettiin uudelleen Trump Organizationiksi. Liikemiesuransa aikana Trump on toiminut muun muassa kiinteistö-, kasino- ja hotellialalla. Trump tunnetaan myös tositelevisiosarja Diilin isäntänä vuosina 2005–2015 sekä entisenä missikilpailujen omistajana.\nTrump pyrki reformipuolueen presidenttiehdokkaaksi vuonna 2000 mutta vetäytyi myöhemmin kisasta. Vuonna 2015 hän ilmoitti pyrkivänsä republikaanipuolueen presidenttiehdokkaaksi vuoden 2016 vaaleissa. Hän saavutti ehdokkuuteen vaadittavan puoluekokousedustajamäärän toukokuussa 2016. Hän voitti Yhdysvaltain vuoden 2016 presidentinvaalit valitsijamiehin 306–232 vastaehdokkaanaan demokraatti Hillary Clinton ja vannoi virkavalansa 20. tammikuuta 2017.\nTrump on poliittisesti etupäässä oikeistokonservatiivi ja populisti. Hän lupasi vaalikampanjassaan muun muassa asettaa Yhdysvaltain edut etusijalle, vähentää laitonta maahanmuuttoa, laskea veroja ja lisätä työpaikkoja. Trump on kiistelty persoona, joka tunnetaan suorasta kielenkäytöstään.\nTrump on julkaissut yli 14 kirjaa, joista useimmat käsittelevät liike-elämässä menestymistä.\nYhdysvaltalaisen Forbesin maailman vaikutusvaltaisimpien henkilöiden listalla Trump oli vuonna 2016 maailman toiseksi vaikutusvaltaisin henkilö.","sv":"Donald John Trump (engelskt uttal: [ˈdɒnəld d͡ʒɒn tɹʌmp] ( lyssna)), född 14 juni 1946 i New York, är en amerikansk republikansk politiker samt USA:s 45:e och nuvarande president. Han har tidigare varit verksam som affärsman, företagsledare och tv-personlighet. Han tillträdde ämbetet som president den 20 januari 2017 efter att ha vunnit presidentvalet 2016.Vid sin presidentinstallation var Trump den äldsta nytillträdande presidenten i USA:s historia. Han var då åtta månader äldre än Ronald Reagan när denne påbörjade sin första presidentperiod 1981. Han är den första presidenten som vid sitt tillträde saknat såväl politisk som militär erfarenhet. Han är även en av de längsta presidenterna. Trump är den president i USA:s historia som haft störst privat förmögenhet samt den tredje presidenten som valt att avstå från presidentlönen och donera den till välgörande ändamål.Trump är född och uppvuxen i Queens i New York. Han avlade 1968 en kandidatexamen i nationalekonomi med inriktning finans på Wharton School vid University of Pennsylvania. Före presidentskapet var han känd som styrelseordförande och vd för Trump Organization åren 1971–2017. Under hans ledning expanderade företaget och utvecklades från att ha fokuserat på mindre hyresbostäder till att bli ett multinationellt konglomerat med verksamhet i flera olika länder och inom branscher för bland annat fastigheter, hotell, kasinon, finansiella tjänster och golfanläggningar. Han mötte ekonomiska motgångar under lågkonjunkturen under tidigt 1990-tal, då han under en period hade en negativ nettoförmögenhet, efter misslyckanden med sina kasinon i Atlantic City. Han arbetade därefter bit för bit upp sin förmögenhet. I Forbes lista över världens rikaste personer 2018 placerades Trump på 766:e plats i världen och 260:e plats i USA med en uppskattad förmögenhet på 3,1 miljarder dollar (motsvarande 30 miljarder kronor). Sedan presidentkampanjen 2016 har hans förmögenhet minskat med cirka 1,5 miljarder dollar. Trump var före presidentskapet även känd som tv-person sedan han varit verkställande producent för NBC:s The Apprentice åren 2004–2015. Han började framträda som politisk debattör under 1980-talet. Han kandiderade i presidentvalet 2000 för Reform Party, men drog tillbaka kandidaturen under partiets primärval.Under tiden som USA:s president har Trump genomfört flera av sina vallöften. Inrikespolitiskt har han har bland annat: utsett Gorsuch och Kavanaugh till nya domare i USA:s högsta domstol och infört restriktioner i immigrationspolitiken; avskedat FBI-chefen Comey för osanna vittnesmål; genomfört en stor skattereform med skattelättnader för hushåll och företag sedan 1980-talet; infört betald föräldraförsäkring; utlyst drogberoendet av opioider som en nationell hälsokris; stärkt landets gränssäkerhet och fortsatt byggandet av en mur längst gränsen mot Mexiko; samt genomfört en fängelsereform som fått brett stöd över partigränserna. Utrikespolitiskt har han bland annat: beordrat robotattacker mot mål i Syrien som svar på al-Assads påstådda användning av kemiska vapen i inbördeskriget; förklarat ISIS besegrade i Syrien; lämnat Iranavtalet; erkänt Jerusalem som Israels huvudstad och flyttat den amerikanska ambassaden dit; haft en hård retorik mot Kina för vad han menar varit orättvisa handelsvillkor, samt mot Nordkoreas högste ledare Kim Jong-un för deras kärnvapenprogram, vilket ledde till att de träffades vid ett historiskt toppmöte i Singapore; omförhandlat NAFTA-avtalet; samt slutit det nya frihandelsavtalet USMCA med Mexiko och Kanada.Samtidigt har Trump fått massiv kritik som president. I samband med hans installation ägde en internationell protest rum, hans presidentorder för en restriktiv immigrationspolitik har mötts med politiskt motstånd, liksom hans stöd för NRA och andra tillägget i konstitutionen. Erkännandet av Jerusalem som Israels huvudstad har lett till diplomatiska fördömanden, hans hårda retorik mot Nordkorea och Kina har kritiserats och planerna på att lämna Parisavtalet har fått kritik. Konspirationsteorin om hans påstådda band med Ryssland under presidentkampanjen 2016 utreddes i närmare två år utan att bevis hittades. Under hela Trumps presidentskap har demokraterna kommit med hot om att ställa honom inför riksrätt. Demokraterna i representanthuset röstade den 19 december 2019 igenom att inleda en process om att ställa Trump inför riksrätt för anklagelser om att han skulle ha hållit inne med bistånd till Ukraina. Den 5 februari 2020 friades han av senaten på båda åtalspunkterna om maktmissbruk och förhindrande av kongressens arbete. Republikanerna har majoritet i senaten och den republikan som röstade för att fälla Trump var Mitt Romney.","en":"Donald John Trump is an American real estate developer, television personality, politician, and author. 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