CINXE.COM

Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca 

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-GB" class="no-js core o-typography--loading-sans o-typography--loading-sans-bold o-typography--loading-display o-typography--loading-display-bold" data-o-component="o-typography" style="overflow-x:hidden;background-color:#fff1e5;color:#33302e"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca </title><meta name="description" content="Piedàterre Venezia has a mouthwatering trove of shoes for every occasion"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53"/><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,max-snippet:200,max-image-preview:large"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="4-t8sFaPvpO5FH_Gnw1dkM28CQepjzo8UjjAkdDflTw"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca ","datePublished":"2024-11-16T05:00:47.682Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T05:00:48.000Z","description":"Piedàterre Venezia has a mouthwatering trove of shoes for every occasion","isAccessibleForFree":"True","isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"Financial Times","productID":"ft.com:free"},"alternativeHeadline":"Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca ","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@context":"http://schema.org","url":"https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2Fb7a0b033-41db-4975-812c-7cc6574d93ec.jpg?source=next-article&fit=scale-down&quality=highest&width=700&dpr=1","width":2302,"height":1295},"author":[{"@type":"Person","@context":"http://schema.org","name":"Maria Shollenbarger","url":"https://www.ft.com/maria-shollenbarger","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","@context":"http://schema.org","name":"Financial Times","legalName":"The Financial Times Ltd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@context":"http://schema.org","url":"https://im.ft-static.com/m/img/masthead_main.jpg","width":435,"height":36},"url":"https://www.ft.com","sameAs":["https://www.twitter.com/FT","https://www.facebook.com/financialtimes","https://www.linkedin.com/company/financial-times","https://www.youtube.com/user/FinancialTimesVideos","https://www.instagram.com/financialtimes"]}}],"articleBody":"Like a kid in a candy store. Instantly you know what it means: happy sensory overload, the joy of multiple confections tempting you from every direction. Where can grown-ups go for such a sweet pay-off? Piedàterre Venezia, a shop selling jewel-toned furlane slippers on a corner of Venice’s bustling Campo Santo Stefano, offers it in abundance. “I saw Ladurée, mochi balls, sweets of all kinds,” says Stuart Parr, the shop’s co-owner and creative director, speaking of his impressions of the original Piedàterre shop near the city’s Rialto Bridge, the first time he saw it years ago. The shelves were stacked with the elegant velvet slippers that originated in Friuli in the 19th century and have been worn by Venetian gondolieri since the early 20th. The shoes have since been adopted by men and women alike, pairing as they do equally nicely with denim, beach kaftans and black tie. They’re the ideal party footwear.\n\n“I’d see Carlos Souza and Giancarlo Giammetti [formerly of Valentino] wearing these,” says Parr, “and when I asked where they got them it was always ‘in Venice, darling’.” He became fascinated by them. After three years of negotiation with the Venetian owners, Parr – an occasional film producer, art collector and luxury-brand executive – acquired Piedàterre in 2021, along with Paul Deneve, the former CEO of Yves Saint Laurent. Together they opened up a new space on the Campo Santo Stefano. And so a new flagship for Venice’s original and oldest continuously operating maker of furlane was born.\n\nParr and Deneve have taken the materials and the company’s production process back to the furlane’s 19th-century roots. “Nothing we use” – not the threads, the velvets, the silk ribbon borders, or the dense cotton heel pads ingeniously incorporated into the sole – “is made outside Italy,” says Parr. Rubelli and Fortuny have both provided textiles; today Parr and Deneve’s producer creates exclusive colours for them, keeping stock so clients can have different designs in their favourite shades. They hired the former president of the school for Italian shoemakers of the Veneto region to consult, and enlisted the shoemaker Deneve had worked with at YSL – “the guy who made every YSL shoe for the past 20 years”, notes Parr – to remake all the Piedàterre lasts.\n\nPiedàterre does a thriving online business, and there are collaborations with Hotel du Cap-Eden-Roc in the south of France and Le Bristol in Paris, among others. But Campo Santo Stefano is the mothership. The curtain panels and tufted settees are a rich teal velvet. Shelves line the walls from the polished terrazzo floor to the original wood ceiling joists. They’re stuffed, in a satisfyingly orderly way, with slippers in every imaginable shade: emerald, tangerine, Capri lemon, violet, aubergine, indigo.\n\nThere are furlane in velvet, canvas and raw silk (from €125); some are monochrome, others have contrasting ribbon borders – ochre with turquoise, pale-pink grapefruit with fuchsia. There are backless models (from €145), slip-ons (from €125) and Mary Janes for both sexes (from €135), after Parr introduced them for men earlier this year. “People said, ‘Who’s going to wear those?’ I said, ‘Go look at some Goyas, man,’” says Parr, in his LA drawl. “I invited the chief of police here – he’s, like, 6ft 3in – to come and pick out any pair he wanted, and he loved these.” Like a kid in a candy store? Parr laughs. “Totally!”","wordCount":586,"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@context":"http://schema.org","name":"Financial Times","legalName":"The Financial Times Ltd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@context":"http://schema.org","url":"https://im.ft-static.com/m/img/masthead_main.jpg","width":435,"height":36},"url":"https://www.ft.com","sameAs":["https://www.twitter.com/FT","https://www.facebook.com/financialtimes","https://www.linkedin.com/company/financial-times","https://www.youtube.com/user/FinancialTimesVideos","https://www.instagram.com/financialtimes"]}}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Life & Arts","item":"https://www.ft.com/life-arts"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lifestyle","item":"https://www.ft.com/lifestyle"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Fashion","item":"https://www.ft.com/fashion"}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","name":"Financial Times","alternateName":"FT.com","url":"http://www.ft.com"}</script><meta property="fb:pages" content="8860325749"/><meta property="twitter:site" content="@FinancialTimes"/><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta property="og:title" content="Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca "/><meta property="og:description" content="Piedàterre Venezia has a mouthwatering trove of shoes for every occasion"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2Fb7a0b033-41db-4975-812c-7cc6574d93ec.jpg?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-16T05:00:47.682Z"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-16T05:00:47.682Z"/><meta property="article:author" content="Maria Shollenbarger"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Feature"/><meta property="article:tag" content="HTSI"/><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1200842933, app-argument=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53"/><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftlogo-v1%3Abrand-ft-logo-square-coloured?source=update-logos&amp;format=svg"/><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftlogo-v1%3Abrand-ft-logo-square-coloured?source=update-logos&amp;format=png&amp;width=32&amp;height=32" sizes="32x32"/><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftlogo-v1%3Abrand-ft-logo-square-coloured?source=update-logos&amp;format=png&amp;width=194&amp;height=194" sizes="194x194"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftlogo-v1%3Abrand-ft-logo-square-coloured?source=update-logos&amp;format=png&amp;width=180&amp;height=180" sizes="180x180"/><link rel="manifest" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/creatives/manifest/manifest-v6.json"/><script> !function(e,n,t,i,o,r){function c(e){if("number"!=typeof e)return e;var n=new Date;return new Date(n.getTime()+1e3*e)}var a=4e3,s="xnpe_async_hide";function p(e){return e.reduce((function(e,n){return e[n]=function(){e._.push([n.toString(),arguments])},e}),{_:[]})}function m(e,n,t){var i=t.createElement(n);i.src=e;var o=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0];return o.parentNode.insertBefore(i,o),i}function u(e){return"[object Date]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(e)}r.target=r.target,r.file_path=r.file_path||r.target+"/js/exponea.min.js",o[n]=p(["anonymize","initialize","identify","update","track","trackLink","trackEnhancedEcommerce","getHtml","showHtml","showBanner","showWebLayer","ping","getAbTest","loadDependency","getRecommendation","reloadWebLayers"]),o[n].notifications=p(["isAvailable","isSubscribed","subscribe","unsubscribe"]),o[n]["snippetVersion"]="v2.3.0",function(e,n,t){e[n]["_"+t]={},e[n]["_"+t].nowFn=Date.now,e[n]["_"+t].snippetStartTime=e[n]["_"+t].nowFn()}(o,n,"performance"),function(e,n,t,i,o,r){e[o]={sdk:e[i],sdkObjectName:i,skipExperiments:!!t.new_experiments,sign:t.token+"/"+(r.exec(n.cookie)||["","new"])[1],path:t.target}}(o,e,r,n,i,RegExp("__exponea_etc__"+"=([\w-]+)")),function(e,n,t){m(e.file_path,n,t)}(r,t,e),function(e,n,t,i,o,r,p){if(e.new_experiments){!0===e.new_experiments&&(e.new_experiments={});var f,l=e.new_experiments.hide_class||s,_=e.new_experiments.timeout||a,d=encodeURIComponent(r.location.href.split("#")[0]);e.cookies&&e.cookies.expires&&("number"==typeof e.cookies.expires||u(e.cookies.expires)?f=c(e.cookies.expires):e.cookies.expires.tracking&&("number"==typeof e.cookies.expires.tracking||u(e.cookies.expires.tracking))&&(f=c(e.cookies.expires.tracking))),f&&f<new Date&&(f=void 0);var x=e.target+"/webxp/"+n+"/"+r[t].sign+"/modifications.min.js?http-referer="+d+"&timeout="+_+"ms"+(f?"&cookie-expires="+Math.floor(f.getTime()/1e3):"");"sync"===e.new_experiments.mode&&r.localStorage.getItem("__exponea__sync_modifications__")?function(e,n,t,i,o){t[o][n]="<"+n+' src="'+e+'"></'+n+">",i.writeln(t[o][n]),i.writeln("<"+n+">!"+o+".init && document.writeln("+o+"."+n+'.replace("/'+n+'/", "/'+n+'-async/").replace("><", " async><"))</'+n+">")}(x,n,r,p,t):function(e,n,t,i,o,r,c,a){r.documentElement.classList.add(e);var s=m(t,i,r);function p(){o[a].init||m(t.replace("/"+i+"/","/"+i+"-async/"),i,r)}function u(){r.documentElement.classList.remove(e)}s.onload=p,s.onerror=p,o.setTimeout(u,n),o[c]._revealPage=u}(l,_,x,n,r,p,o,t)}}(r,t,i,0,n,o,e),function(e,n,t){e[n].start=function(i){i&&Object.keys(i).forEach((function(e){return t[e]=i[e]})),e[n].initialize(t)}}(o,n,r)}(document,"exponea","script","webxpClient",window,{ target: 'https://bloomreach.ft.com', token: 'd6e5bd4c-9228-11eb-a414-9a67e462410e', }); </script><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2Fb7a0b033-41db-4975-812c-7cc6574d93ec.jpg?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://spoor-api.ft.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://session-next.ft.com" crossorigin="use-credentials"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads-api.ft.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/webpack-runtime.3168e23733b6.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/preact.26b65a981549.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/shared.volatile.1a6f79bd1d66.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-n-myft-ui.e8fb6ba854c0.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/page-kit-components.8e63a441c108.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-tracking.96255579bd65.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/shared.stable.869edaaf9df8.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-video.05fce4be6038.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-overlay.2e5b41b04f91.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-tooltip.d71bbec40c91.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-expander.96516cca2043.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-header.9a01b7e9fd99.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-date.78ccc5a6d4ab.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-viewport.26d2ea6ea104.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-toggle.02e52d783748.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/privacy-components.b814d0838b93.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-typography.175c5da7e8ac.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-share.a5222a5d7cf8.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-grid.3a60498625a1.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-footer.80a1922ff25b.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-utils.fcb47ada8316.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-table.0698287f312d.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-n-notification.a194fc356e20.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-n-scrollytelling-image.64b28cd8fbe0.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-audio.9f5609f087ec.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-errors.be3c3bdc0c01.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/scripts.b655ae2275d5.bundle.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://consent-notice.ft.com/cmp.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/pg-ads/vendors/admiral-unblock.js" type="application/javascript"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/build/v3/font?font_format=woff2&amp;font_name=MetricWeb-Regular&amp;system_code=origami&amp;version=1.12" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/build/v3/font?font_format=woff2&amp;font_name=MetricWeb-Semibold&amp;system_code=origami&amp;version=1.12" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/build/v3/font?font_format=woff2&amp;font_name=FinancierDisplayWeb-Regular&amp;system_code=origami&amp;version=1.12" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/build/v3/font?font_format=woff2&amp;font_name=FinancierDisplayWeb-Bold&amp;system_code=origami&amp;version=1.12" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><script id="initial-props" type="application/json">{"mainConcepts":{"contentId":"c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53","focus":["16840d4e-6f33-4529-b5b3-5809e4bc4fc5","20a1b7f6-3043-4648-93bc-96b3757d68b5","8a97a06d-2621-4a8f-a113-4baf99725671","b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e","ec18fbd6-0f16-4acb-b6c0-238d8e5148ae","f9f7535d-3b5c-47a7-bd15-3e10dceee597","06610896-2754-4847-a48f-9363d18a8c5e","9c3dfbf3-bb6c-4e46-b766-a50f547643e1","0b83bc44-4a55-4958-882e-73ba6b2b0aa6","180e3904-986e-4a23-a582-7f96f3c6d565"],"authorConcepts":[{"id":"ef879c98-a4e6-4050-aaf8-e50cddc12c8c","prefLabel":"Maria Shollenbarger","types":["http://www.ft.com/ontology/core/Thing","http://www.ft.com/ontology/concept/Concept","http://www.ft.com/ontology/person/Person"],"type":"PERSON","directType":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/person/Person","isPackageBrand":false,"predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/hasAuthor","url":"https://www.ft.com/maria-shollenbarger","relativeUrl":"/maria-shollenbarger","predicateName":"hasAuthor"}]}}</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/vendors~page-kit-layout-styles.88fbdf048167.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/main.8845798f4919.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/package.ebd024a34006.css"/><script type="application/json" id="page-kit-bootstrap-config">{"trackErrors":true,"core":[],"enhanced":["https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/webpack-runtime.3168e23733b6.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/preact.26b65a981549.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/shared.volatile.1a6f79bd1d66.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-n-myft-ui.e8fb6ba854c0.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/page-kit-components.8e63a441c108.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-tracking.96255579bd65.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/shared.stable.869edaaf9df8.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-video.05fce4be6038.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-overlay.2e5b41b04f91.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-tooltip.d71bbec40c91.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-expander.96516cca2043.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-header.9a01b7e9fd99.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-date.78ccc5a6d4ab.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-viewport.26d2ea6ea104.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-toggle.02e52d783748.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/privacy-components.b814d0838b93.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-typography.175c5da7e8ac.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-share.a5222a5d7cf8.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-grid.3a60498625a1.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-footer.80a1922ff25b.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-utils.fcb47ada8316.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-table.0698287f312d.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-n-notification.a194fc356e20.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-n-scrollytelling-image.64b28cd8fbe0.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-audio.9f5609f087ec.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/financial-times-o-errors.be3c3bdc0c01.bundle.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/page-kit/scripts.b655ae2275d5.bundle.js","https://consent-notice.ft.com/cmp.js","https://www.ft.com/__assets/hashed/pg-ads/vendors/admiral-unblock.js"]}</script><script>;(function () { var doc = document.documentElement var isEnhanced = isEnhancedBrowser() var scriptsConfig = getScriptsConfig() var scriptsToLoad = [] var currentScript = document.scripts[document.scripts.length - 1] doc.className = doc.className.replace('no-js', 'js') if (isEnhanced) { doc.className = doc.className.replace('core', 'enhanced') Array.prototype.push.apply(scriptsToLoad, scriptsConfig.enhanced) } else { Array.prototype.push.apply(scriptsToLoad, scriptsConfig.core) } for (var i = 0, len = scriptsToLoad.length; i < len; i++) { loadScript(scriptsToLoad[i]) } function scriptLoadError(error) { var script = error.target ? error.target.src : null if (script) { console.error('The script ' + script + ' failed to load') // eslint-disable-line no-console } if (/enhanced/.test(doc.className)) { console.warn('Script loading failed, reverting to core experience') // eslint-disable-line no-console doc.className = doc.className.replace('enhanced', 'core') } if (scriptsConfig.trackErrors) { addErrorTrackingPixel(script) } } function loadScript(src) { var script = document.createElement('script') script.onerror = scriptLoadError script.async = false script.src = src currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(script, currentScript) } // "Cut the mustard" test // by Maggie Allen and Matt Hinchliffe November 2018 function isEnhancedBrowser() { var script = document.createElement('script') var input = document.createElement('input') return ( 'visibilityState' in document && // not supported by old Android (4.0-4.4) without a prefix 'indeterminate' in input && // not supported by BB 10 'flex' in doc.style && // not supported by old Safari (< 9) or IE 6-10 'async' in script // not supported by old Opera (Presto engine < 15) ) } function getScriptsConfig() { var scriptsConfigEl = document.getElementById('page-kit-bootstrap-config') var scriptsConfig = { core: [], enhanced: [], trackErrors: false } if (scriptsConfigEl) { try { scriptsConfig = JSON.parse(scriptsConfigEl.innerHTML) } catch (error) { console.error('Bootstrap configuration error', error) // eslint-disable-line no-console } } return scriptsConfig } function addErrorTrackingPixel(script) { var img = new Image() var data = JSON.stringify({ category: 'javascript', action: 'load-error', system: { source: 'page-kit' }, context: { script: script } }) img.src = 'https://spoor-api.ft.com/px.gif?data=' + encodeURIComponent(data) } })() </script><script>(function(w,d,s,l){ w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true; j.src='https://www.ft.com/page-resources/'+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer');</script><script>(function loadCustomFonts() { var rootElement = document.documentElement; if (/(^|\s)o-typography-fonts-loaded=1(;|$)/.test(document.cookie)) { var fontLabels = ['sans', 'sans-bold', 'display', 'display-bold']; for (var i = 0; i < fontLabels.length; i++) { rootElement.className = rootElement.className.replace('o-typography--loading-' + fontLabels[i], ''); } } }());</script></head><body><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NWQJW68" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div class="n-layout"><a data-trackable="a11y-skip-to-help" class="n-layout__skip-link" href="https://www.ft.com/accessibility">Accessibility help</a><a data-trackable="a11y-skip-to-navigation" class="n-layout__skip-link" href="#site-navigation">Skip to navigation</a><a data-trackable="a11y-skip-to-content" class="n-layout__skip-link" href="#site-content">Skip to content</a><a data-trackable="a11y-skip-to-footer" class="n-layout__skip-link" href="#site-footer">Skip to footer</a><div class="n-layout__row n-layout__row--header"><div class="n-layout__header-before"><div id="n-exponea-bottom-slot"></div><div class="o-ads o-ads--center o-ads--background o-ads--transition o-ads--reserve-90 above-header-advert" data-o-ads-init="true" data-o-ads-name="leaderboard" data-o-ads-targeting="pos=top" data-o-ads-formats="MediumRectangle" data-o-ads-formats-small="false" data-o-ads-formats-medium="Leaderboard,FullBleedResponsive,Responsive,OneByOne" data-o-ads-formats-large="SuperLeaderboard,Leaderboard,FullBleedResponsive,Responsive,OneByOne" data-o-ads-formats-extra="Billboard,SuperLeaderboard,Leaderboard,FullBleedResponsive,Responsive,OneByOne"></div></div><header id="site-navigation" class="o-header o-header--simple" data-o-component="o-header" data-o-header--no-js="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="o-header__row o-header__anon" data-trackable="header-anon"><ul class="o-header__anon-list"><li class="o-header__anon-item"><a class="o-header__anon-link" href="/login?location=/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="Sign In">Sign In</a></li><li class="o-header__anon-item"><a class="o-header__anon-link" href="/products?segmentId=f860e6c2-18af-ab30-cd5e-6e3a456f9265" data-trackable="Subscribe">Subscribe</a></li></ul></div><div class="o-header__row o-header__top" data-trackable="header-top"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__top-wrapper"><div class="o-header__top-column o-header__top-column--left"><a href="#o-header-drawer" class="o-header__top-icon-link o-header__top-icon-link--menu" aria-controls="o-header-drawer" title="Open side navigation menu" data-trackable="drawer-toggle"><span class="o-header__top-link-label">Open side navigation menu</span></a><a href="#o-header-search-primary" class="o-header__top-icon-link o-header__top-icon-link--search" aria-controls="o-header-search-primary" title="Open search bar" data-trackable="search-toggle"><span class="o-header__top-link-label">Open search bar</span></a></div><div class="o-header__top-column o-header__top-column--center"><a class="o-header__top-logo" style="background-image:none" data-trackable="logo" href="/" title="Go to Financial Times homepage"><svg viewBox="0 0 1054 86"><title>Financial Times</title><path d="M26.177 72.609c0 5.938 1.697 7.295 12.554 7.295v3.732H.9v-3.732c7.464 0 10.01-.679 10.01-7.125V12.215c0-6.447-2.546-7.126-10.01-7.126V1.357h63.448l.34 22.563h-3.054C59.937 6.956 55.696 5.43 39.919 5.43H26.008v33.59h11.196c10.688 0 11.367-1.697 12.215-10.179h3.054v24.599h-3.054c-.848-8.482-1.527-10.01-12.215-10.01H26.008v29.18h.17zm46.314 11.027v-3.732c7.465 0 10.01-.679 10.01-7.125V12.215c0-6.447-2.545-7.126-10.01-7.126V1.357h35.287V5.09c-7.465 0-10.01.679-10.01 7.126v60.564c0 6.446 2.545 7.125 10.01 7.125v3.732H72.49zm115.36 1.357l-56.323-69.725V72.44c0 6.617 4.58 7.634 12.385 7.634v3.733h-29.858v-3.733c7.803 0 12.045-1.017 12.045-7.634V8.991c-3.563-3.732-6.108-3.902-12.045-3.902V1.357h26.465l43.09 55.475V12.554c0-6.616-4.58-7.634-12.384-7.634V1.357h30.027V5.09c-7.803 0-12.045 1.018-12.045 7.635v72.27h-1.357zm40.207-1.357h-29.689v-3.732c7.804 0 11.367-1.018 13.911-7.804L239.085.509h7.464l28.84 72.1c2.545 6.447 3.732 7.125 9.67 7.125v3.732h-34.438v-3.732c10.518 0 11.536-.848 8.99-7.125l-8.481-21.884h-25.787L217.71 71.93c-2.375 6.447 1.357 7.804 10.518 7.804v3.902h-.17zm-1.188-37.153h22.393l-11.705-29.518-10.688 29.518zm135.548 38.51l-56.153-69.725V72.44c0 6.617 4.58 7.634 12.384 7.634v3.733h-29.18v-3.733c7.126 0 11.367-1.017 11.367-7.634V9.161c-4.071-3.732-7.125-4.072-13.91-4.072V1.357h28.16l43.09 55.475V12.554c0-6.616-4.58-7.634-12.383-7.634V1.357h29.858V5.09c-7.804 0-12.045 1.018-12.045 7.635v72.27h-1.188zm83.297-83.805h2.036l1.187 24.598-3.053.17c-2.036-14.08-9.5-21.545-23.242-21.545-15.268 0-26.804 13.063-26.804 33.081 0 25.617 16.116 40.206 33.08 40.206 7.296 0 13.912-2.035 20.358-8.99l2.376 2.374c-5.26 7.465-15.608 13.742-29.52 13.742-20.696 0-41.732-15.608-41.732-41.734C380.4 17.813 399.57 0 422.813 0c11.027 0 16.795 4.75 19.848 4.75 1.357 0 2.375-1.187 3.054-3.562zm12.723 82.448v-3.732c7.465 0 10.01-.679 10.01-7.125V12.215c0-6.447-2.545-7.126-10.01-7.126V1.357h35.287V5.09c-7.464 0-10.01.679-10.01 7.126v60.564c0 6.446 2.546 7.125 10.01 7.125v3.732h-35.287zm68.538 0h-27.653v-3.732c6.108 0 9.331-1.018 11.876-7.804L538.003.509h7.464l28.84 72.1c2.545 6.447 3.733 7.125 9.67 7.125v3.732H549.54v-3.732c10.518 0 11.536-.848 8.991-7.125l-8.482-21.884h-25.786l-7.635 21.205c-2.375 6.447 1.358 7.804 10.519 7.804v3.902h-.17zm-1.188-37.153h22.394l-11.536-29.518-10.858 29.518zm63.957 37.153v-3.732c7.465 0 10.01-.679 10.01-7.125V12.215c0-6.447-2.545-7.126-10.01-7.126V1.357h35.117V5.09c-7.464 0-9.84.679-9.84 7.126v61.073c0 5.428 2.715 6.107 7.126 6.107h4.241c15.947 0 21.036-2.375 25.447-20.527l3.054.339-2.545 24.26h-62.6v.17zM760.75 1.357l.339 23.92h-3.054C756.34 7.634 752.098 5.43 736.32 5.43h-5.089v67.18c0 6.447 2.375 7.295 12.554 7.295v3.732h-40.376v-3.732c10.179 0 12.723-1.018 12.723-7.295V5.429h-5.089c-15.777 0-20.018 2.205-21.715 19.848h-3.053l.339-23.92h74.136zm7.973 82.28v-3.733c7.465 0 10.01-.679 10.01-7.125V12.215c0-6.447-2.545-7.126-10.01-7.126V1.357h35.287V5.09c-7.465 0-10.01.679-10.01 7.126v60.564c0 6.446 2.545 7.125 10.01 7.125v3.732h-35.287zM910.21 1.356V5.09c-7.465 0-10.688.34-10.01 6.956l6.447 61.073c.679 6.277 3.054 6.955 10.518 6.955v3.733h-35.117v-3.733c7.295 0 9.84-.678 9.331-6.955L884.762 8.99l-25.956 76.172h-1.018L832.34 8.822l-6.108 64.126c-.678 6.447 3.733 7.125 11.197 7.125v3.733h-27.483v-3.733c7.465 0 10.01-1.187 10.518-7.125l6.447-61.073c.679-6.446-2.545-6.955-10.01-6.955V1.357h28.84l17.305 56.153 18.661-56.153h28.5zm65.653 52.082h-3.053c-.849-8.482-1.527-10.01-12.215-10.01H948.04v29.859c0 5.428 2.715 6.107 7.125 6.107h6.786c15.947 0 21.036-2.375 25.447-20.527l3.054.339-2.884 24.26h-64.805v-3.733c7.464 0 10.009-.678 10.009-7.125V12.215c0-6.447-2.545-7.126-10.01-7.126V1.357h62.261l.34 20.527h-3.054c-1.866-14.59-5.598-16.286-21.885-16.286H948.21v33.42h12.554c10.687 0 11.366-1.696 12.214-10.178h3.054v24.599h-.17zm65.484 13.232c0-7.464-4.75-11.196-12.893-15.777l-13.063-6.786c-9.84-5.259-15.607-11.027-15.607-21.375C999.783 9.84 1010.81 0 1025.23 0c9.84 0 14.929 4.75 17.813 4.75 1.866 0 2.714-1.187 3.562-3.562h2.375l1.188 23.072-3.054.17c-1.696-11.198-9.67-19.85-20.866-19.85-8.483 0-14.081 5.09-14.081 12.215 0 7.804 5.937 11.027 12.554 14.59l11.196 5.937c10.519 5.768 17.983 11.536 17.983 22.563 0 14.59-12.554 24.939-28.161 24.939-11.028 0-16.456-5.26-19.34-5.26-1.866 0-2.884 1.697-3.732 4.242h-2.376l-1.696-24.43 3.054-.339c2.375 15.268 12.893 21.545 23.411 21.545 8.822-.17 16.286-4.071 16.286-13.91z" fill="#231F20" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></a></div><div class="o-header__top-column o-header__top-column--right"><a class="o-header__top-button o-header__top-button--hide-m" role="button" href="/products?segmentId=f860e6c2-18af-ab30-cd5e-6e3a456f9265" data-trackable="Subscribe">Subscribe</a><a class="o-header__top-myaccount" id="o-header-top-link-signin" href="/login?location=/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="Sign In"><span>Sign In</span></a></div></div></div></div><div id="o-header-search-primary" class="o-header__row o-header__search o-header__search--primary" data-trackable="header-search" data-o-header-search="true"><div class="o-header__container"><form class="o-header__search-form" action="/search" role="search" aria-label="Site search" data-n-topic-search="true"><label for="o-header-search-term-primary" class="o-header__search-term o-forms-field o-forms-field--optional"><span class="o-forms-title o-header__visually-hidden"><span class="o-forms-title__main">Search the <abbr title="Financial Times">FT</abbr></span></span><span class="o-forms-input o-forms-input--text o-forms-input--suffix"><input type="search" id="o-header-search-term-primary" name="q" autoComplete="off" autoCorrect="off" autoCapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Search for stories, topics or securities" role="combobox" aria-controls="suggestions-o-header-search-term-primary"/><button class="o-header__search-submit" type="submit"><span aria-hidden="true" class="o-header__search-icon"></span><span>Search</span></button><button class="o-header__search-close o--if-js" type="button" aria-controls="o-header-search-primary" title="Close search bar" data-trackable="close"><span class="o-header__visually-hidden">Close search bar</span><span>Close</span></button></span></label></form></div></div><nav id="o-header-nav-desktop" class="o-header__row o-header__nav o-header__nav--desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Primary navigation" data-trackable="header-nav:desktop"><div class="o-header__container"><ul class="o-header__nav-list o-header__nav-list--left" data-trackable="primary-nav"><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/" id="o-header-link-0" data-trackable="Home">Home</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/world" id="o-header-link-1" data-trackable="World">World</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-1" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-1" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | World"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/world" data-trackable="link">World Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/middle-east-war" data-trackable="link">Middle East war</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/global-economy" data-trackable="link">Global Economy</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/world-uk" data-trackable="link">UK</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/us" data-trackable="link">US</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/china" data-trackable="link">China</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/africa" data-trackable="link">Africa</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/asia-pacific" data-trackable="link">Asia Pacific</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/emerging-markets" data-trackable="link">Emerging Markets</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/europe" data-trackable="link">Europe</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/war-in-ukraine" data-trackable="link">War in Ukraine</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/americas" data-trackable="link">Americas</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/middle-east-north-africa" data-trackable="link">Middle East &amp; North Africa</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/0ccd5910-113e-4b42-88e3-7eb8cdd8e23a" data-trackable="link">Matt Gaetz accused of paying for sex and using drugs by US congressional panel</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/ea15bed8-bb4d-4e55-880f-a0ed4f2ef8b6" data-trackable="link">The world’s leading democracies are struggling to govern</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/072d391c-93af-40c6-b020-a4a36d31d4c8" data-trackable="link">US launches probe into Chinese semiconductor industry</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/073e016e-125f-4287-b327-39e62ab92ecb" data-trackable="link">The simple secret behind the UK’s best performing council pension fund </a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/84930dc8-b409-41e9-9d95-ddb4d6753f8c" data-trackable="link">France’s new premier selects Eric Lombard as finance minister</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/us" id="o-header-link-2" data-trackable="US">US</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-2" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-2" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | US"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/us" data-trackable="link">US Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/us-economy" data-trackable="link">US Economy</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/investing-in-america" data-trackable="link">Investing in America</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/us-companies" data-trackable="link">US Companies</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/us-politics-policy" data-trackable="link">US Politics &amp; Policy</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/us-presidential-election-2024" data-trackable="link">US Presidential Election 2024</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/0ccd5910-113e-4b42-88e3-7eb8cdd8e23a" data-trackable="link">Matt Gaetz accused of paying for sex and using drugs by US congressional panel</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/072d391c-93af-40c6-b020-a4a36d31d4c8" data-trackable="link">US launches probe into Chinese semiconductor industry</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/b1c57012-0f7c-4ea4-bd2b-b59c0a2b101d" data-trackable="link">‘A hostage situation’: South Korea paralysed in fight against Trump tariffs</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/136ba1a1-a84a-49a2-ac5c-32d692eb47dd" data-trackable="link">Fed’s flip-flops risk undermining US exceptionalism</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/6cf66449-1d54-45dc-95c8-cf30a8bda51f" data-trackable="link">DoJ’s Kanter does not see a ‘complete U-turn on antitrust’ under Trump</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/companies" id="o-header-link-3" data-trackable="Companies">Companies</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-3" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-3" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | Companies"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/companies" data-trackable="link">Companies Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/energy" data-trackable="link">Energy</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/financials" data-trackable="link">Financials</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/health" data-trackable="link">Health</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/industrials" data-trackable="link">Industrials</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/media" data-trackable="link">Media</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/professional-services" data-trackable="link">Professional Services</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/retail-consumer" data-trackable="link">Retail &amp; Consumer</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/technology-sector" data-trackable="link">Tech Sector</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/telecoms" data-trackable="link">Telecoms</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/transport" data-trackable="link">Transport</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/a98befd3-2b9f-4639-9de4-02186264aaf2" data-trackable="link">What luxury is telling us</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/66290217-47cf-4424-90a9-fbe9b1422367" data-trackable="link">US banking giants capture biggest share of industry profits since 2015</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/26f91bd5-862a-4e5f-a9d7-3daa93cfc26a" data-trackable="link">Airlines see busiest Christmas season on record </a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/20bdb8e2-59bc-44f3-aef3-6564856c09ff" data-trackable="link">The darker side of Guy Hands’ legacy</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/073e016e-125f-4287-b327-39e62ab92ecb" data-trackable="link">The simple secret behind the UK’s best performing council pension fund </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/technology" id="o-header-link-4" data-trackable="Tech">Tech</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-4" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-4" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | Tech"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/technology" data-trackable="link">Tech Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/artificial-intelligence" data-trackable="link">Artificial intelligence</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/semiconductors" data-trackable="link">Semiconductors</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/cyber-security" data-trackable="link">Cyber Security</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/social-media" data-trackable="link">Social Media</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/77bd9117-0a2d-4bd7-9248-4dd288f695a4" data-trackable="link">Meta to add display to Ray-Bans as race over smart glasses intensifies</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/6cf66449-1d54-45dc-95c8-cf30a8bda51f" data-trackable="link">DoJ’s Kanter does not see a ‘complete U-turn on antitrust’ under Trump</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/6cfdfe2b-6872-4963-bde8-dc6c43be5093" data-trackable="link">Palantir and Anduril join forces with tech groups to bid for Pentagon contracts</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/d9ec13e2-4501-40ec-99fc-994ea07684ca" data-trackable="link">Australia’s social media ban for under-16s faces fake ID problems</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/3a3f8c9f-90fd-4e2f-94c4-b9977438e911" data-trackable="link">Google’s push to re-establish lead in AI boosts investor confidence</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/markets" id="o-header-link-5" data-trackable="Markets">Markets</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-5" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-5" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | Markets"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/markets" data-trackable="link">Markets Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/alphaville" data-trackable="link">Alphaville</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="https://markets.ft.com/data" data-trackable="link">Markets Data</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/crypto" data-trackable="link">Crypto</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/capital-markets" data-trackable="link">Capital Markets</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/commodities" data-trackable="link">Commodities</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/currencies" data-trackable="link">Currencies</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/equities" data-trackable="link">Equities</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/ft-wealth-management" data-trackable="link">Wealth Management</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/moral-money" data-trackable="link">Moral Money</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/etf-hub" data-trackable="link">ETF Hub</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/fund-management" data-trackable="link">Fund Management</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/ft-trading-room" data-trackable="link">Trading</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/66290217-47cf-4424-90a9-fbe9b1422367" data-trackable="link">US banking giants capture biggest share of industry profits since 2015</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/073e016e-125f-4287-b327-39e62ab92ecb" data-trackable="link">The simple secret behind the UK’s best performing council pension fund </a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/ce1e23de-de49-4754-9111-e54d5a719403" data-trackable="link">El Salvador lawmakers overturn mining ban</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/84ea6b3e-c5d9-4456-bc98-907a5e30962c" data-trackable="link">Fed says it is weighing changes to bank tests for systemic risk </a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/fb2c9511-0663-43bc-ae4d-a3a4da743111" data-trackable="link">Why BlackRock is shelling out $12bn for private credit shop HPS</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/climate-capital" id="o-header-link-6" data-trackable="Climate">Climate</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/opinion" id="o-header-link-7" data-trackable="Opinion">Opinion</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-7" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-7" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | Opinion"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/opinion" data-trackable="link">Opinion Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/columnists" data-trackable="link">Columnists</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/ft-view" data-trackable="link">The FT View</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/the-big-read" data-trackable="link">The Big Read</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/lex" data-trackable="link">Lex</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/obituaries" data-trackable="link">Obituaries</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/letters" data-trackable="link">Letters</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/a98befd3-2b9f-4639-9de4-02186264aaf2" data-trackable="link">What luxury is telling us</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/ea15bed8-bb4d-4e55-880f-a0ed4f2ef8b6" data-trackable="link">The world’s leading democracies are struggling to govern</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/90ec38f3-7666-424b-b40b-79a98af9603b" data-trackable="link">The UK government must make sure it isn’t a confidence killer</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/73682eef-dd4e-4131-91b8-7a8c18b1d599" data-trackable="link">Lessons from a cultish London bakery</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/136ba1a1-a84a-49a2-ac5c-32d692eb47dd" data-trackable="link">Fed’s flip-flops risk undermining US exceptionalism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/lex" id="o-header-link-8" data-trackable="Lex">Lex</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/work-careers" id="o-header-link-9" data-trackable="Work &amp; Careers">Work &amp; Careers</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-9" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-9" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | Work &amp; Careers"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/work-careers" data-trackable="link">Work &amp; Careers Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="https://rankings.ft.com/business-education" data-trackable="link">Business School Rankings</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/business-education" data-trackable="link">Business Education</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="https://rankings.ft.com/incubator-accelerator-programmes-europe" data-trackable="link">Europe&#x27;s Start-Up Hubs</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/entrepreneurship" data-trackable="link">Entrepreneurship</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/recruitment" data-trackable="link">Recruitment</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/business-books" data-trackable="link">Business Books</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/business-travel" data-trackable="link">Business Travel</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/working-it" data-trackable="link">Working It</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/609d3829-30db-4356-bc0e-04ba6ccfa5ed" data-trackable="link">Young people are rejecting work. Why? </a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/73682eef-dd4e-4131-91b8-7a8c18b1d599" data-trackable="link">Lessons from a cultish London bakery</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/fe2b6605-798f-4720-85b1-930d70acaa72" data-trackable="link">Accounting firms fear discrimination claims under US licence reform plan</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/9d267a92-4553-4b34-99ce-093049e82616" data-trackable="link">How to do Hogmanay in Edinburgh</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/life-arts" id="o-header-link-10" data-trackable="Life &amp; Arts">Life &amp; Arts</a><div class="o-header__mega" id="o-header-mega-10" role="group" aria-labelledby="o-header-link-10" data-o-header-mega="true" data-trackable="meganav | Life &amp; Arts"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__mega-wrapper"><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--subsections" data-trackable="sections"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Sections</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/life-arts" data-trackable="link">Life &amp; Arts Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/arts" data-trackable="link">Arts</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/books" data-trackable="link">Books</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/food-drink" data-trackable="link">Food &amp; Drink</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/magazine" data-trackable="link">FT Magazine</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/house-home" data-trackable="link">House &amp; Home</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/style" data-trackable="link">Style</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/travel" data-trackable="link">Travel</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/globetrotter" data-trackable="link">FT Globetrotter</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="o-header__mega-column o-header__mega-column--articles" data-trackable="popular"><div class="o-header__mega-heading">Most Read</div><div class="o-header__mega-content"><ul class="o-header__mega-list"><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/3ddf1b8c-fc16-4004-8ba1-e74bb19b3499" data-trackable="link">Carlsen competes on Wall Street as US players target world crowns</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/b7f29a6e-4db8-4e08-a1a5-092ffb2fec37" data-trackable="link">Trump and the power of Mar-a-Lago</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/ec4d22bc-342e-4ba5-a8a4-89d43faba1ef" data-trackable="link">Wallace &amp; Gromit: Vengeance Most Fowl — busybody robot and villainous penguin wreak havoc</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/148fe01d-c7fb-44f1-b9ba-cc3c97202707" data-trackable="link">What to expect in luxury in 2025</a></li><li class="o-header__mega-item"><a class="o-header__mega-link" href="/content/d7ecd25a-e827-49b0-b19a-fed96fe7e0b3" data-trackable="link">Spotify executives cash in as streaming service stock price soars </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/htsi" id="o-header-link-11" data-trackable="HTSI">HTSI</a></li></ul></div></nav></header><header class="o-header o-header--simple o-header--sticky o--if-js" data-o-component="o-header" data-o-header--sticky="true" aria-hidden="true"><div class="o-header__row o-header__top" data-trackable="header-sticky"><div class="o-header__container"><div class="o-header__top-wrapper"><div class="o-header__top-column o-header__top-column--left"><a href="#" class="o-header__top-icon-link o-header__top-icon-link--menu" aria-controls="o-header-drawer" data-trackable="drawer-toggle" tabindex="-1"><span class="o-header__top-link-label">Menu</span></a><a href="#" class="o-header__top-icon-link o-header__top-icon-link--search" aria-controls="o-header-search-sticky" data-trackable="search-toggle" tabindex="-1"><span class="o-header__top-link-label">Search</span></a></div><div class="o-header__top-column o-header__top-column--center"><div class="o-header__top-takeover"><div class="o-header__nav"><ul class="o-header__nav-list o-header__nav-list--left" data-trackable="primary-nav"><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/" data-trackable="Home" tabindex="-1">Home</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/world" data-trackable="World" tabindex="-1">World</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/us" data-trackable="US" tabindex="-1">US</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/companies" data-trackable="Companies" tabindex="-1">Companies</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/technology" data-trackable="Tech" tabindex="-1">Tech</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/markets" data-trackable="Markets" tabindex="-1">Markets</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/climate-capital" data-trackable="Climate" tabindex="-1">Climate</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/opinion" data-trackable="Opinion" tabindex="-1">Opinion</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/lex" data-trackable="Lex" tabindex="-1">Lex</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/work-careers" data-trackable="Work &amp; Careers" tabindex="-1">Work &amp; Careers</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/life-arts" data-trackable="Life &amp; Arts" tabindex="-1">Life &amp; Arts</a></li><li class="o-header__nav-item"><a class="o-header__nav-link o-header__nav-link--primary" href="/htsi" data-trackable="HTSI" tabindex="-1">HTSI</a></li></ul></div></div><a class="o-header__top-logo o-header__hide--L" data-trackable="logo" href="/" title="Go to Financial Times homepage" tabindex="-1"><span class="o-header__visually-hidden">Financial Times</span></a></div><div class="o-header__top-column o-header__top-column--right"><a class="o-header__top-button o-header__top-button--hide-m" role="button" href="/products?segmentId=f860e6c2-18af-ab30-cd5e-6e3a456f9265" data-trackable="Subscribe" tabindex="-1">Subscribe</a><a class="o-header__top-myaccount" id="o-header-top-link-signin" href="/login?location=/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="Sign In"><span>Sign In</span></a></div></div></div></div><div id="o-header-search-sticky" class="o-header__row o-header__search o-header__search--sticky" data-trackable="header-search" data-o-header-search="true"><div class="o-header__container"><form class="o-header__search-form" action="/search" role="search" aria-label="Site search" data-n-topic-search="true"><label for="o-header-search-term-sticky" class="o-header__search-term o-forms-field o-forms-field--optional"><span class="o-forms-title o-header__visually-hidden"><span class="o-forms-title__main">Search the <abbr title="Financial Times">FT</abbr></span></span><span class="o-forms-input o-forms-input--text o-forms-input--suffix"><input type="search" id="o-header-search-term-sticky" name="q" autoComplete="off" autoCorrect="off" autoCapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Search for stories, topics or securities" role="combobox" aria-controls="suggestions-o-header-search-term-sticky"/><button class="o-header__search-submit" type="submit"><span aria-hidden="true" class="o-header__search-icon"></span><span>Search</span></button><button class="o-header__search-close o--if-js" type="button" aria-controls="o-header-search-sticky" title="Close search bar" data-trackable="close"><span class="o-header__visually-hidden">Close search bar</span><span>Close</span></button></span></label></form></div></div></header></div><div class="n-layout__row n-layout__row--content"><div><div data-reactroot=""><div id="n-exponea-top-slot"></div><div class="package__text package__nav--top package--basic" data-trackable="series-navigation-top"><div class="o-grid-container o-grid-container--bleed"><div class="o-grid-row o-grid-row--compact"><div data-o-grid-colspan="12"><div data-package-expander="true" data-o-component="o-expander" class="o-expander" data-o-expander-shrink-to="hidden" data-o-expander-collapsed-toggle-text="&lt;span class=&#x27;package__expander-label&#x27;&gt;Show articles&lt;/span&gt;" data-o-expander-expanded-toggle-text="&lt;span class=&#x27;package__expander-label&#x27;&gt;Hide articles&lt;/span&gt;"><div class="package__navbar"><div class="package__navbar-title"><span>FT Series<!-- --> </span><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/57c92911-6e1f-464e-af0d-ccd65438f5f1" class="package__reset-link" data-trackable="title"><span class="package__text--strong">HTSI’s guide to making this festive season the best ever</span></a></div><button class="o-expander__toggle package__expander" aria-expanded="false" data-trackable="menu-toggle"><span class="package__expander-label">Show articles</span></button></div><div class="o-expander__content package__content" aria-hidden="true"><div class="package__content-menu" data-trackable="menu-contents"><ul class="package__reset-ul"><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" class="package__content-item package__content-item--current-page" data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><div class="package__text--strong">Currently reading:</div><span class="package__title">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca </span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/d009248c-76fa-40d6-bc64-1a9c78ba4c34" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Six great books for hobbyists and self-improvers</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/e425505b-57a2-4c2f-aeb8-eb2c7f657bf9" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Be more Rita Konig – be blousy with florals</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/2b28901e-2bee-4f11-98f6-33954333395f" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Welcome to Lauscha, home of the Christmas ornament </span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/1e7f6e9c-ca8a-4856-beab-fdcc22bf31da" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Ballerina Francesca Hayward talks taste</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/eebaf56e-0fc7-4398-ab83-6ac82c858123" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Is this toy gold Aston Martin the ultimate stocking filler?</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/d5348dd9-8762-4581-aae3-30542ee5ce3d" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Lola Bute and Jazzy de Lisser are making their big fashion Debute</span></div></a></li></ul><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/57c92911-6e1f-464e-af0d-ccd65438f5f1" class="package__reset-link package__content-footer" data-trackable="see-all-button"><div class="package__prompt package__text--strong">See all <!-- -->13<!-- --> <!-- -->stories</div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="o-ads o-ads--center o-ads advert advert--mini-billboard" data-o-ads-init="true" data-o-ads-name="miniBillboard" data-o-ads-targeting="pos=top" data-o-ads-formats="MediumRectangle" data-o-ads-formats-small="FullBleedResponsive,OneByOne" data-o-ads-formats-medium="OneByOne" data-o-ads-formats-large="false" data-o-ads-formats-extra="false"></div><div class="article-content"><div class="article-topper"><div class="o-topper article-topper o-topper--color-black o-topper--split-text-center"><div class="o-topper__content" id="o-topper"><div class="o-topper__tags"><div class="topper__primary-theme"><a href="/htsi" class="o-topper__brand" data-trackable="primary-brand" aria-label="part of the HTSI column">HTSI<!-- -->  </a><span><a href="/style" class="o-topper__topic n-content-tag--with-follow js-primary-theme" data-trackable="primary-theme" aria-label="posted in category Style" data-concept-id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e">Style</a></span><form action="/myft/add/b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/followed/concept/b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e?method=put" class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--follow" method="GET" data-myft-ui="follow" data-concept-id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e" data-myft-ui-variant="followPlusInstantAlerts"><div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Now following Style." data-unpressed-text="No longer following Style."></div><input type="hidden" data-myft-csrf-token="true" value="" name="token"/><button aria-label="Add Style to myFT" title="Add Style to myFT" data-alternate-label="Added Style to myFT: click to manage alert preferences or remove from myFT" aria-pressed="false" data-alternate-text="Added" class="n-myft-follow-button n-myft-follow-button--instant-alerts n-myft-follow-button--monochrome" data-concept-id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e" data-trackable="follow" type="submit" data-component-id="myft-follow-plus-instant-alerts">Add to myFT</button></form><div class="n-myft-ui__preferences-modal " data-component-id="myft-preferences-modal" data-concept-id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e"><div class="n-myft-ui__preferences-modal__content"><span class="o-forms-input o-forms-input--checkbox"><label for="receive-instant-alerts"><input type="checkbox" id="receive-instant-alerts" name="receive-instant-alerts" value="receive-instant-alerts" data-component-id="myft-preferences-modal-checkbox" data-trackable-context-concept_id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e"/><span class="o-forms-input__label n-myft-ui__preferences-modal__checkbox__message">Get instant alerts for this topic</span></label></span><p data-component-id="myft-preferences-modal-list" class="n-myft-ui__preferences-modal__text"></p><a class="n-myft-ui__preferences-modal__text" href="/myft/alerts" data-trackable="pop-up-box|contact-preference" data-trackable-context-concept_id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e">Manage your delivery channels here</a><span class="n-myft-ui__preferences-modal-error" data-component-id="myft-preference-modal-error"></span><button class="n-myft-ui__preferences-modal__remove-button" data-component-id="myft-preference-modal-remove" data-trackable="pop-up-box|remove-from-myFT" data-trackable-context-concept_id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e">Remove from myFT</button></div></div></div></div><h1 class="o-topper__headline o-topper__headline--large"><span class="headline__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca </span></h1><div class="o-topper__standfirst">Piedàterre Venezia has a mouthwatering trove of shoes for every occasion</div></div><div class="o-topper__background"></div><figure class="o-topper__visual"><picture class="o-topper__picture"><source media="(min-width: 491px) and (max-width: 739px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ab7a0b033-41db-4975-812c-7cc6574d93ec?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=800&amp;dpr=1 1x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ab7a0b033-41db-4975-812c-7cc6574d93ec?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=800&amp;dpr=2 2x" width="2302" height="1295"/><source media="(max-width: 490px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A8d66ae1e-8bef-4a2a-a3bb-27b73ed4aad4?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=490&amp;dpr=1 1x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A8d66ae1e-8bef-4a2a-a3bb-27b73ed4aad4?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=490&amp;dpr=2 2x" width="1295" height="1295"/><source media="(min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 1220px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A8d66ae1e-8bef-4a2a-a3bb-27b73ed4aad4?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=490&amp;dpr=1 1x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A8d66ae1e-8bef-4a2a-a3bb-27b73ed4aad4?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=490&amp;dpr=2 2x" width="1295" height="1295"/><img alt="" class="o-topper__image" src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ab7a0b033-41db-4975-812c-7cc6574d93ec?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=1440&amp;dpr=1"/></picture><figcaption class="o-topper__image-caption">Shelves full of slippers inside Piedàterre in Venice<!-- --> <!-- -->© Courtesy of Piedàterre Venezia</figcaption></figure></div></div><article id="site-content" role="main" class="article article-grid article-grid--full-width-graphics" data-content-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-access-level="free" data-syndicatable="no" data-article-type="full-width-graphics" data-cp-content-pipeline="true" data-feature-ads-pg="off"><div class="main-image"></div><div class="share-nav" data-trackable="share | top"><div class="share-nav__vertical" data-share-nav-vertical="true" data-component="share-nav"><div data-o-component="o-share" data-o-share-article="true" class="o-share o-share--vertical "><ul data-toolbar="share"><li class="o-share__action share-nav__x-action" data-share="twitter"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--x" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53&amp;text=Venice%E2%80%99s%20velvet-slipper%20mecca%C2%A0&amp;via=ft" data-trackable="twitter"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M554.158 472.797L740.663 256H696.467L534.525 444.242L405.182 256H256L451.592 540.655L256 768H300.198L471.213 569.21L607.809 768H756.991L554.158 472.797ZM316.123 289.272H384.009L696.488 736.241H628.602L316.123 289.272Z"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->x<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__facebook-action" data-share="facebook"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--facebook" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53&amp;t=Venice%E2%80%99s%20velvet-slipper%20mecca%C2%A0" data-trackable="facebook"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M550.162 768V534.446H625.725L636.955 443.476H550.162V385.335C550.162 359.033 557.204 341.037 593.558 341.037H640V259.56C632.006 258.373 604.407 256 572.431 256C505.433 256 459.753 298.518 459.753 376.436V443.674H384V534.643H459.753V768H550.162Z"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->facebook<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__linkedin-action" data-share="linkedin"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--linkedin" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="linkedin"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M740.978 716.786V548.432C740.978 458.221 692.399 416.247 627.626 416.247C575.358 416.247 551.93 444.747 538.88 464.752V410.005L435.201 409.6C436.508 437.161 435.201 716.786 435.201 716.786H538.88V552.8C538.88 544.049 539.512 535.27 542.125 529.009C549.231 511.465 565.438 493.309 592.628 493.309C628.272 493.309 642.513 520.23 642.513 559.701V716.8L740.978 716.786Z"></path><path d="M332.488 384C364.215 384 384 361.225 384 332.779C383.416 303.714 364.229 281.6 333.099 281.6C301.969 281.6 281.6 303.7 281.6 332.779C281.6 361.225 301.358 384 331.918 384H332.488Z"></path><path d="M384 716.8V409.6H281.6V716.8H384Z"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->linkedin<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__whatsapp-action" data-share="whatsapp"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--whatsapp" rel="noopener" href="whatsapp://send?text=Venice%E2%80%99s%20velvet-slipper%20mecca%C2%A0%20-%20https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="whatsapp"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M758.188 436.819C722.368 314.827 605.046 240.531 477.16 258.73C360.442 275.429 267.672 380.223 265.257 497.316C264.351 542.813 274.816 585.211 295.845 625.508C298.461 630.408 298.964 637.708 297.455 643.107C293.33 658.506 287.594 673.606 282.463 688.805L256 768C300.775 753.801 342.733 740.602 384.591 726.902C391.936 724.503 397.772 725.103 404.614 728.402C453.816 752.301 505.534 759.9 559.768 750.801C705.766 726.302 799.542 578.011 758.188 436.819V436.819ZM542.361 710.903C494.466 716.303 449.993 707.204 408.84 682.605C403.406 679.405 398.879 678.805 392.942 680.805C372.617 687.605 351.99 694.004 331.565 700.504C329.15 701.304 326.634 701.704 322.006 702.904C327.339 686.805 330.659 671.706 337.199 658.106C346.657 638.008 343.74 622.309 332.873 602.21C275.118 496.216 319.993 364.824 432.988 315.227C558.46 260.13 704.357 339.625 723.374 474.617C741.385 603.71 645.696 699.204 542.361 710.903V710.903ZM641.269 566.312C644.187 568.012 646.501 574.011 646.199 577.911C644.388 605.31 626.377 624.208 598.808 628.308C594.179 629.008 589.45 629.208 584.721 629.708L584.419 630.708C575.565 628.808 566.61 627.408 558.057 624.808C500.202 607.009 455.527 571.811 422.423 521.614C408.739 500.816 395.055 480.217 391.835 454.818C388.716 430.62 396.464 410.121 413.066 392.522C423.53 381.523 436.51 382.123 449.59 384.822C452.508 385.422 455.728 389.022 457.036 392.022C463.979 408.721 470.821 425.42 476.556 442.519C478.065 447.219 476.053 453.318 474.544 458.518C473.739 461.518 470.922 464.018 468.809 466.618C453.816 484.917 454.018 484.817 467.098 504.415C485.008 531.314 508.855 551.213 537.732 565.612C546.788 570.112 553.53 569.312 559.768 561.412C565 554.912 570.937 548.913 576.37 542.513C580.395 537.713 585.023 536.514 590.658 539.413C607.562 548.313 624.768 556.812 641.269 566.312"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->whatsapp<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__save-action"><div><form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--save" method="GET" data-content-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-myft-ui="saved" action="/myft/save/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/saved/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53?method=put" data-myft-ui-save-config="nonModal"> <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Article saved in My FT." data-unpressed-text="Removed article from My FT." ></div> <button type="submit" class="n-myft-ui__save-button-with-icon" data-trackable="save-for-later" title="Save this article to myFT for later" aria-label="Save this article to myFT for later" data-alternate-label=" Saved to myFT" aria-pressed="false" data-text-variant="save-button-with-icon-copy" data-alternate-text="Saved&nbsp;" data-content-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" > <span class="save-button-with-icon-copy" data-variant-label>Save</span> </button> </form></div></li></ul></div><div id="article-progress"></div><div id="share-modal-vertical"></div></div><div class="share-nav__horizontal" data-share-nav-vertical="false" data-component="share-nav"><div data-o-component="o-share" data-o-share-article="true" class="o-share o-share--horizontal "><ul data-toolbar="share"><li class="o-share__action share-nav__x-action" data-share="twitter"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--x" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53&amp;text=Venice%E2%80%99s%20velvet-slipper%20mecca%C2%A0&amp;via=ft" data-trackable="twitter"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M554.158 472.797L740.663 256H696.467L534.525 444.242L405.182 256H256L451.592 540.655L256 768H300.198L471.213 569.21L607.809 768H756.991L554.158 472.797ZM316.123 289.272H384.009L696.488 736.241H628.602L316.123 289.272Z"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->x<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__facebook-action" data-share="facebook"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--facebook" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53&amp;t=Venice%E2%80%99s%20velvet-slipper%20mecca%C2%A0" data-trackable="facebook"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M550.162 768V534.446H625.725L636.955 443.476H550.162V385.335C550.162 359.033 557.204 341.037 593.558 341.037H640V259.56C632.006 258.373 604.407 256 572.431 256C505.433 256 459.753 298.518 459.753 376.436V443.674H384V534.643H459.753V768H550.162Z"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->facebook<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__linkedin-action" data-share="linkedin"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--linkedin" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="linkedin"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M740.978 716.786V548.432C740.978 458.221 692.399 416.247 627.626 416.247C575.358 416.247 551.93 444.747 538.88 464.752V410.005L435.201 409.6C436.508 437.161 435.201 716.786 435.201 716.786H538.88V552.8C538.88 544.049 539.512 535.27 542.125 529.009C549.231 511.465 565.438 493.309 592.628 493.309C628.272 493.309 642.513 520.23 642.513 559.701V716.8L740.978 716.786Z"></path><path d="M332.488 384C364.215 384 384 361.225 384 332.779C383.416 303.714 364.229 281.6 333.099 281.6C301.969 281.6 281.6 303.7 281.6 332.779C281.6 361.225 301.358 384 331.918 384H332.488Z"></path><path d="M384 716.8V409.6H281.6V716.8H384Z"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->linkedin<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__whatsapp-action" data-share="whatsapp"><a class="o-share__icon o-share__icon--whatsapp" rel="noopener" href="whatsapp://send?text=Venice%E2%80%99s%20velvet-slipper%20mecca%C2%A0%20-%20https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="whatsapp"><div class="o-share__icon__image"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M758.188 436.819C722.368 314.827 605.046 240.531 477.16 258.73C360.442 275.429 267.672 380.223 265.257 497.316C264.351 542.813 274.816 585.211 295.845 625.508C298.461 630.408 298.964 637.708 297.455 643.107C293.33 658.506 287.594 673.606 282.463 688.805L256 768C300.775 753.801 342.733 740.602 384.591 726.902C391.936 724.503 397.772 725.103 404.614 728.402C453.816 752.301 505.534 759.9 559.768 750.801C705.766 726.302 799.542 578.011 758.188 436.819V436.819ZM542.361 710.903C494.466 716.303 449.993 707.204 408.84 682.605C403.406 679.405 398.879 678.805 392.942 680.805C372.617 687.605 351.99 694.004 331.565 700.504C329.15 701.304 326.634 701.704 322.006 702.904C327.339 686.805 330.659 671.706 337.199 658.106C346.657 638.008 343.74 622.309 332.873 602.21C275.118 496.216 319.993 364.824 432.988 315.227C558.46 260.13 704.357 339.625 723.374 474.617C741.385 603.71 645.696 699.204 542.361 710.903V710.903ZM641.269 566.312C644.187 568.012 646.501 574.011 646.199 577.911C644.388 605.31 626.377 624.208 598.808 628.308C594.179 629.008 589.45 629.208 584.721 629.708L584.419 630.708C575.565 628.808 566.61 627.408 558.057 624.808C500.202 607.009 455.527 571.811 422.423 521.614C408.739 500.816 395.055 480.217 391.835 454.818C388.716 430.62 396.464 410.121 413.066 392.522C423.53 381.523 436.51 382.123 449.59 384.822C452.508 385.422 455.728 389.022 457.036 392.022C463.979 408.721 470.821 425.42 476.556 442.519C478.065 447.219 476.053 453.318 474.544 458.518C473.739 461.518 470.922 464.018 468.809 466.618C453.816 484.917 454.018 484.817 467.098 504.415C485.008 531.314 508.855 551.213 537.732 565.612C546.788 570.112 553.53 569.312 559.768 561.412C565 554.912 570.937 548.913 576.37 542.513C580.395 537.713 585.023 536.514 590.658 539.413C607.562 548.313 624.768 556.812 641.269 566.312"></path></svg></div><span class="o-share__text">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca <!-- --> on <!-- -->whatsapp<!-- --> (opens in a new window)</span></a></li><li class="o-share__action share-nav__save-action"><div><form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--save" method="GET" data-content-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-myft-ui="saved" action="/myft/save/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/saved/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53?method=put" data-myft-ui-save-config="nonModal"> <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Article saved in My FT." data-unpressed-text="Removed article from My FT." ></div> <button type="submit" class="n-myft-ui__save-button-with-icon" data-trackable="save-for-later" title="Save this article to myFT for later" aria-label="Save this article to myFT for later" data-alternate-label=" Saved to myFT" aria-pressed="false" data-text-variant="save-button-with-icon-copy" data-alternate-text="Saved&nbsp;" data-content-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" > <span class="save-button-with-icon-copy" data-variant-label>Save</span> </button> </form></div></li></ul></div><div id="share-modal-horizontal"></div></div><span class="myft-ui-create-list-variant-announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" role="region" aria-live="assertive"></span></div><div class="article__content" data-trackable="article-body" data-component="article-body"><div class="article-info"><div class="article-info__time-byline"><p class="article-info__byline"><a class="n-content-tag--author" href="/maria-shollenbarger" data-trackable="author">Maria Shollenbarger</a></p> <time data-o-component="o-date" class="article-info__timestamp o-date" dateTime="2024-11-16T05:00:47.682Z">November 16 2024</time></div><a id="o-comments-count" data-o-component="o-comments" data-o-comments-article-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-o-comments-count="true" data-o-comments-article-url="https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-o-comments-title="Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca " class="article-comment-count" title="Jump to comments section" href="#comments-anchor"><span class="o-normalise-visually-hidden">Jump to comments section</span></a><button class="article-print" data-component="print-button" data-trackable="print" title="Print this page"><span class="o-normalise-visually-hidden">Print this page</span></button></div><div class="article__content-sign-up"><div class="article__content-sign-up-topic-title">Stay informed with free updates</div><p class="article__content-sign-up-topic-description"><span>Simply sign up to the <!-- -->Style<!-- --> myFT Digest -- delivered directly to your inbox.</span></p><iframe class="article__content-sign-up-iframe close" scrolling="no" id="signUpIframe" data-prev-url="/register/in-article-sign-up?ft-content-uuid=c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53&amp;concept-id=b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e"></iframe></div><article id="article-body" class="n-content-body js-article__content-body" data-attribute="article-content-body" data-component="article-content-body"><p>Like a kid in a candy store. Instantly you know what it means: happy sensory overload, the joy of multiple confections tempting you from every direction. Where can grown-ups go for such a sweet pay-off? Piedàterre Venezia, a shop selling jewel-toned <em>furlane</em> slippers on a corner of Venice’s bustling Campo Santo Stefano, offers it in abundance. “I saw Ladurée, mochi balls, sweets of all kinds,” says Stuart Parr, the shop’s co-owner and creative director, speaking of his impressions of the original Piedàterre shop near the city’s Rialto Bridge, the first time he saw it years ago. The shelves were stacked with the elegant velvet slippers that originated in Friuli in the 19th century and have been worn by Venetian gondolieri since the early 20th. The shoes have since been adopted by men and women alike, pairing as they do equally nicely with denim, beach kaftans and black tie. They’re the ideal party footwear.</p><figure class="n-content-image n-content-image--full" data-component="image-set"><picture><source media="(min-width: 700px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ad6a3fe84-98eb-4546-bc01-1d319634cb93?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1 1x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ad6a3fe84-98eb-4546-bc01-1d319634cb93?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ad6a3fe84-98eb-4546-bc01-1d319634cb93?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=3 3x" width="2400" height="1601"/><img src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2Fd6a3fe84-98eb-4546-bc01-1d319634cb93.jpg?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1" alt="The shopfront on Campo Santo Stefano" data-image-type="image" width="2400" height="1601" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="n-content-picture__caption"><span>The shopfront on Campo Santo Stefano</span><span> <!-- -->© Courtesy of Piedàterre Venezia</span></figcaption></figure><p>“I’d see Carlos Souza and Giancarlo Giammetti [formerly of Valentino] wearing these,” says Parr, “and when I asked where they got them it was always ‘in Venice, darling’.” He became fascinated by them. After three years of negotiation with the Venetian owners, Parr – an occasional film producer, art collector and luxury-brand executive – acquired <a href="https://piedaterrevenezia.com" data-trackable="link">Piedàterre</a> in 2021, along with Paul Deneve, the former CEO of Yves Saint Laurent. Together they opened up a new space on the Campo Santo Stefano. And so a new flagship for Venice’s original and oldest continuously operating maker of <em>furlane</em> was born.</p><div class="n-content-layout" data-layout-name="auto" data-layout-width="full-grid"><div class="n-content-layout__container"><div class="n-content-layout__slot"><figure class="n-content-image n-content-image--full" data-component="image-set"><picture><source media="(min-width: 700px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3Ac699b558-a637-4b73-a262-a04160fb55b1?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1 1x" width="1350" height="2025"/><img src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2Fc699b558-a637-4b73-a262-a04160fb55b1.jpg?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1" alt="Velvet Modigliani slippers, €125" data-image-type="image" width="1350" height="2025" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="n-content-picture__caption"><span>Velvet Modigliani slippers, €125</span><span> <!-- -->© Courtesy of Piedàterre Venezia</span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="n-content-layout__slot"><figure class="n-content-image n-content-image--full" data-component="image-set"><picture><source media="(min-width: 700px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A7d7a2e9a-897b-45ef-85dc-4372fe17524c?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1 1x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A7d7a2e9a-897b-45ef-85dc-4372fe17524c?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=2 2x" width="1600" height="2400"/><img src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2F7d7a2e9a-897b-45ef-85dc-4372fe17524c.jpg?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1" alt="Piedàterre Venezia x Villa Treville Positano velvet Brodsky slippers, €250" data-image-type="image" width="1600" height="2400" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="n-content-picture__caption"><span>Piedàterre Venezia x Villa Treville Positano velvet Brodsky slippers, €250</span><span> <!-- -->© Courtesy of Piedàterre Venezia</span></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><blockquote class="n-content-pullquote n-content-pullquote--no-image" aria-hidden="true"><div class="n-content-pullquote__content"><p>The shelves are stuffed – emerald, tangerine, Capri lemon… </p><footer class="n-content-pullquote__footer"></footer></div></blockquote><p>Parr and Deneve have taken the materials and the company’s production process back to the <em>furlane</em>’s 19th-century roots. “Nothing we use” – not the threads, the velvets, the silk ribbon borders, or the dense cotton heel pads ingeniously incorporated into the sole – “is made outside Italy,” says Parr. <a href="https://www.rubelli.com" data-trackable="link">Rubelli</a> and <a href="https://fortuny.com/" data-trackable="link">Fortuny</a> have both provided textiles; today Parr and Deneve’s producer creates exclusive colours for them, keeping stock so clients can have different designs in their favourite shades. They hired the former president of the school for Italian shoemakers of the Veneto region to consult, and enlisted the shoemaker Deneve had worked with at YSL – “the guy who made every YSL shoe for the past 20 years”, notes Parr – to remake all the Piedàterre lasts.</p><figure class="n-content-image n-content-image--full" data-component="image-set"><picture><source media="(min-width: 700px)" srcSet="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A403f7fdc-c19a-43fd-a2cc-127884fe9e92?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1 1x,https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftcms%3A403f7fdc-c19a-43fd-a2cc-127884fe9e92?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=2 2x" width="1887" height="1258"/><img src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2F403f7fdc-c19a-43fd-a2cc-127884fe9e92.jpg?source=next-article&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;quality=highest&amp;width=700&amp;dpr=1" alt="Rows of slippers laid out inside the store" data-image-type="image" width="1887" height="1258" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="n-content-picture__caption"><span>Rows of slippers laid out inside the store</span><span> <!-- -->© Courtesy of Piedàterre Venezia</span></figcaption></figure><p>Piedàterre does a thriving online business, and there are collaborations with <a href="https://www.oetkercollection.com/hotels/hotel-du-cap-eden-roc/" data-trackable="link">Hotel du Cap-Eden-Roc</a> in the south of France and <a href="https://www.oetkercollection.com/hotels/le-bristol-paris" data-trackable="link">Le Bristol</a> in Paris, among others. But Campo Santo Stefano is the mothership. The curtain panels and tufted settees are a rich teal velvet. Shelves line the walls from the polished terrazzo floor to the original wood ceiling joists. They’re stuffed, in a satisfyingly orderly way, with slippers in every imaginable shade: emerald, tangerine, Capri lemon, violet, aubergine, indigo.</p><aside aria-labelledby="aside-label" class="n-content-recommended--single-story n-content-recommended--inset" data-component="recommended"><p class="n-content-recommended__title">Recommended</p><div class="o-teaser o-teaser--article o-teaser--small o-teaser--stacked o-teaser--has-image js-teaser" data-id="ac65770d-1cfe-4ab9-9d9b-d788781e19c4"><div class="o-teaser__content"><div class="o-teaser__meta"><a class="o-teaser__tag" data-trackable="teaser-tag" href="/htsi" aria-label="Category: HTSI">HTSI</a></div><div class="o-teaser__heading"><a href="/content/ac65770d-1cfe-4ab9-9d9b-d788781e19c4" data-trackable="heading-link" class="js-teaser-heading-link">50 years of Vanderhurd design: from bohemia to Baudelaire</a></div></div><div class="o-teaser__image-container js-teaser-image-container"><a href="/content/ac65770d-1cfe-4ab9-9d9b-d788781e19c4" data-trackable="image-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="o-teaser__image-placeholder" style="aspect-ratio:1920/1080"><img class="o-teaser__image" src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2F__origami%2Fservice%2Fimage%2Fv2%2Fimages%2Fraw%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%252Fproduction%252F89df7921-36bf-4ea9-945a-02671002a464.jpg%3Fsource%3Dnext-article%26fit%3Dscale-down%26quality%3Dhighest%26width%3D700%26dpr%3D1?source=next&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;dpr=2&amp;width=240" alt="Vanderhurd founder Christine Van Der Hurd in the Vanderhurd studio and textile atelier on Portobello Road"/></div></a></div></div></aside><p>There are <em>furlane</em> in velvet, canvas and raw silk (from €125); some are monochrome, others have contrasting ribbon borders – ochre with turquoise, pale-pink grapefruit with fuchsia. There are backless models (from €145), slip-ons (from €125) and Mary Janes for both sexes (from €135), after Parr introduced them for men earlier this year. “People said, ‘Who’s going to wear those?’ I said, ‘Go look at some Goyas, man,’” says Parr, in his LA drawl. “I invited the chief of police here – he’s, like, 6ft 3in – to come and pick out any pair he wanted, and he <em>loved</em> these.” Like a kid in a candy store? Parr laughs. “Totally!” </p></article><script class="js-magnet-data" type="application/json">{"contentId":"c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53","annotations":[{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/about","prefLabel":"Menswear","id":"16840d4e-6f33-4529-b5b3-5809e4bc4fc5","url":"https://www.ft.com/menswear"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/about","prefLabel":"Fashion accessories","id":"20a1b7f6-3043-4648-93bc-96b3757d68b5","url":"https://www.ft.com/fashion-accessories"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/about","prefLabel":"Womenswear","id":"8a97a06d-2621-4a8f-a113-4baf99725671","url":"https://www.ft.com/womenswear"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/about","prefLabel":"Style","id":"b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e","url":"https://www.ft.com/style"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/about","prefLabel":"Shopping and gifts","id":"ec18fbd6-0f16-4acb-b6c0-238d8e5148ae","url":"https://www.ft.com/shopping-gifts"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/about","prefLabel":"Fashion","id":"f9f7535d-3b5c-47a7-bd15-3e10dceee597","url":"https://www.ft.com/fashion"},{"type":"PERSON","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/hasAuthor","prefLabel":"Maria Shollenbarger","id":"ef879c98-a4e6-4050-aaf8-e50cddc12c8c","url":"https://www.ft.com/maria-shollenbarger"},{"type":"PERSON","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/mentions","prefLabel":"Paul Deneve","id":"6cb9e11d-546e-4fa6-a003-1a8879c9d910","url":"https://www.ft.com/stream/6cb9e11d-546e-4fa6-a003-1a8879c9d910"},{"type":"ORGANISATION","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/mentions","prefLabel":"Totally PLC","id":"8481e2ad-c3a0-4de5-97a5-1d574eb8e0b1","url":"https://www.ft.com/stream/8481e2ad-c3a0-4de5-97a5-1d574eb8e0b1"},{"type":"ORGANISATION","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/mentions","prefLabel":"Valentino Fashion Group SpA","id":"ab48fa46-5da2-46da-8106-01b69aec5989","url":"https://www.ft.com/stream/ab48fa46-5da2-46da-8106-01b69aec5989"},{"type":"PERSON","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/mentions","prefLabel":"Giancarlo Giammetti","id":"b6c2bc76-7dc8-3248-81bf-2ab7a89cc569","url":"https://www.ft.com/stream/b6c2bc76-7dc8-3248-81bf-2ab7a89cc569"},{"type":"ORGANISATION","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/annotation/mentions","prefLabel":"Yves Saint Laurent SAS","id":"e62174a7-1da6-4094-bcd0-42911a10eba5","url":"https://www.ft.com/yves-saint-laurent-sas"},{"type":"GENRE","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/classification/isClassifiedBy","prefLabel":"Feature","id":"06610896-2754-4847-a48f-9363d18a8c5e","url":"https://www.ft.com/stream/06610896-2754-4847-a48f-9363d18a8c5e"},{"type":"BRAND","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/classification/isClassifiedBy","prefLabel":"HTSI","id":"9c3dfbf3-bb6c-4e46-b766-a50f547643e1","url":"https://www.ft.com/htsi"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/hasDisplayTag","prefLabel":"Style","id":"b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e","url":"https://www.ft.com/style"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/implicitlyAbout","prefLabel":"Life & Arts","id":"0b83bc44-4a55-4958-882e-73ba6b2b0aa6","url":"https://www.ft.com/life-arts"},{"type":"TOPIC","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/implicitlyAbout","prefLabel":"Lifestyle","id":"180e3904-986e-4a23-a582-7f96f3c6d565","url":"https://www.ft.com/lifestyle"},{"type":"BRAND","predicate":"http://www.ft.com/ontology/implicitlyClassifiedBy","prefLabel":"Financial Times","id":"dbb0bdae-1f0c-11e4-b0cb-b2227cce2b54","url":"https://www.ft.com"}]}</script><div class="magnet-cta js-magnet-cta" data-trackable="magnet-cta"></div></div><div class="article-tools" data-trackable="article-tools"><footer class="n-content-copyright"><a href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/copyright/copyright-policy/" data-trackable="link-copyright">Copyright</a> <!-- -->The Financial Times Limited <!-- -->2024<!-- -->.<!-- --> <span class="n-content-copyright__rights">All rights reserved.</span></footer><div class="article-tools__buttons"><a class="article-tools__reuse" data-trackable="reuse-content-button" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://enterprise.ft.com/en-gb/services/republishing/republish-content-request?ft-content-uuid=c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53">Reuse this content<!-- --> <span class="o-normalise-visually-hidden">(opens in new window)</span></a><a class="article-tools__comments" data-trackable="view-comments-button" title="Jump to comments section" aria-label="click to go to the comment section" href="#comments-anchor"><span data-o-component="o-comments" data-o-comments-article-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-o-comments-count="false"></span> <!-- -->Comments<span class="o-normalise-visually-hidden">Jump to comments section</span></a></div></div><div class="article__right " data-component="article-rhr"></div><div class="promoted-content__container"><h2 class="h2-promoted-content follow-tags__title" hidden="">Promoted Content</h2><div class="o-ads o-ads--center native-ad__package" data-o-ads-init="true" data-o-ads-name="native-ad__package" data-o-ads-targeting="pos=native&amp;format=stacked&amp;appname=article" data-o-ads-formats="MediumRectangle" data-o-ads-formats-default="PartnerContent"></div></div><div class="onward-journey onward-journey--package"><div class="package__text package__nav--end package--basic" data-trackable="series-navigation-end"><div class="package__nav--end__header"><div class="package__nav--end__teaser"><div class="package__nav--end__title"><h2 class="package__nav--end__title-text package__text package__text--strong">Explore the <!-- -->series</h2></div><div class="o-teaser o-teaser--article o-teaser--large o-teaser--large-portrait o-teaser--has-image js-teaser" data-id="eebaf56e-0fc7-4398-ab83-6ac82c858123"><div class="o-teaser__content"><div class="o-teaser__meta"><span class="o-teaser__tag-prefix">READ MORE</span><a class="o-teaser__tag" data-trackable="teaser-tag" href="/content/57c92911-6e1f-464e-af0d-ccd65438f5f1" aria-label="Category: HTSI’s guide to making this festive season the best ever">HTSI’s guide to making this festive season the best ever</a></div><div class="o-teaser__heading"><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/eebaf56e-0fc7-4398-ab83-6ac82c858123" data-trackable="heading-link" class="js-teaser-heading-link">Is this toy gold Aston Martin the ultimate stocking filler?</a></div></div><div class="o-teaser__image-container js-teaser-image-container"><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/eebaf56e-0fc7-4398-ab83-6ac82c858123" data-trackable="image-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="o-teaser__image-placeholder" style="aspect-ratio:2400/1350"><img class="o-teaser__image" src="https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2F__origami%2Fservice%2Fimage%2Fv2%2Fimages%2Fraw%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%252Fproduction%252F59783874-c201-4f29-9684-7577c3f261a6.jpg%3Fsource%3Dnext-article%26fit%3Dscale-down%26quality%3Dhighest%26width%3D700%26dpr%3D1?source=next&amp;fit=scale-down&amp;dpr=2&amp;width=340" alt="Agora gold-plated Aston Martin DB5 Goldfinger, £24,999"/></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="package__content-menu" data-trackable="menu-contents"><ul class="package__reset-ul"><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" class="package__content-item package__content-item--current-page" data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><div class="package__text--strong">Currently reading:</div><span class="package__title">Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca </span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/d009248c-76fa-40d6-bc64-1a9c78ba4c34" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Six great books for hobbyists and self-improvers</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/e425505b-57a2-4c2f-aeb8-eb2c7f657bf9" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Be more Rita Konig – be blousy with florals</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/2b28901e-2bee-4f11-98f6-33954333395f" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Welcome to Lauscha, home of the Christmas ornament </span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/1e7f6e9c-ca8a-4856-beab-fdcc22bf31da" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Ballerina Francesca Hayward talks taste</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/eebaf56e-0fc7-4398-ab83-6ac82c858123" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Is this toy gold Aston Martin the ultimate stocking filler?</span></div></a></li><li class="package__content-border"><a href="/content/d5348dd9-8762-4581-aae3-30542ee5ce3d" class="package__content-item " data-trackable="menu-item"><div class="package__content-item-headline"><span class="package__title">Lola Bute and Jazzy de Lisser are making their big fashion Debute</span></div></a></li></ul><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/57c92911-6e1f-464e-af0d-ccd65438f5f1" class="package__reset-link package__content-footer" data-trackable="see-all-button"><div class="package__prompt package__text--strong">See all <!-- -->13<!-- --> <!-- -->stories</div></a></div></div></div><section class="native-ad o-teaser-collection" role="region" data-trackable="commercial-content" aria-labelledby="native-ad-title"><div class="o-teaser-collection__heading o-teaser-collection__heading--half-width native-ad__heading"></div><div class="o-grid-row"><div data-o-grid-colspan="12"><div class="o-ads o-ads--center native-ad__first" data-o-ads-init="true" data-o-ads-name="native-ad__first" data-o-ads-targeting="pos=native&amp;format=stacked&amp;appname=article" data-o-ads-formats="MediumRectangle" data-o-ads-formats-default="PartnerContent"></div></div><div data-o-grid-colspan="12"><div class="o-ads o-ads--center native-ad__second" data-o-ads-init="true" data-o-ads-name="native-ad__second" data-o-ads-targeting="pos=native&amp;format=stacked&amp;appname=article" data-o-ads-formats="MediumRectangle" data-o-ads-formats-default="PartnerContent"></div></div></div></section><div class="article__right-bottom"><div><div class="concept-list" data-trackable="mentions"> <h2 class="concept-list__title"> Follow the topics in this article </h2> <ul class="concept-list__list"> <li class="concept-list__list-item"> <a href="/menswear" data-trackable="concept" class="concept-list__concept"> Menswear </a> <form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--follow " method="GET" data-myft-ui="follow" data-concept-id="16840d4e-6f33-4529-b5b3-5809e4bc4fc5" action="/myft/add/16840d4e-6f33-4529-b5b3-5809e4bc4fc5" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/followed/concept/16840d4e-6f33-4529-b5b3-5809e4bc4fc5?method=put" > <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Now following Menswear." data-unpressed-text="No longer following Menswear." ></div> <button aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Add to myFT: Menswear" title="Add Menswear to myFT" data-alternate-label="Added Menswear to myFT: click to remove" data-alternate-text="Added" class=" n-myft-follow-button" data-concept-id="16840d4e-6f33-4529-b5b3-5809e4bc4fc5" data-trackable="follow" type="submit">Add to myFT</button> </form> </li> <li class="concept-list__list-item"> <a href="/fashion-accessories" data-trackable="concept" class="concept-list__concept"> Fashion accessories </a> <form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--follow " method="GET" data-myft-ui="follow" data-concept-id="20a1b7f6-3043-4648-93bc-96b3757d68b5" action="/myft/add/20a1b7f6-3043-4648-93bc-96b3757d68b5" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/followed/concept/20a1b7f6-3043-4648-93bc-96b3757d68b5?method=put" > <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Now following Fashion accessories." data-unpressed-text="No longer following Fashion accessories." ></div> <button aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Add to myFT: Fashion accessories" title="Add Fashion accessories to myFT" data-alternate-label="Added Fashion accessories to myFT: click to remove" data-alternate-text="Added" class=" n-myft-follow-button" data-concept-id="20a1b7f6-3043-4648-93bc-96b3757d68b5" data-trackable="follow" type="submit">Add to myFT</button> </form> </li> <li class="concept-list__list-item"> <a href="/womenswear" data-trackable="concept" class="concept-list__concept"> Womenswear </a> <form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--follow " method="GET" data-myft-ui="follow" data-concept-id="8a97a06d-2621-4a8f-a113-4baf99725671" action="/myft/add/8a97a06d-2621-4a8f-a113-4baf99725671" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/followed/concept/8a97a06d-2621-4a8f-a113-4baf99725671?method=put" > <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Now following Womenswear." data-unpressed-text="No longer following Womenswear." ></div> <button aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Add to myFT: Womenswear" title="Add Womenswear to myFT" data-alternate-label="Added Womenswear to myFT: click to remove" data-alternate-text="Added" class=" n-myft-follow-button" data-concept-id="8a97a06d-2621-4a8f-a113-4baf99725671" data-trackable="follow" type="submit">Add to myFT</button> </form> </li> <li class="concept-list__list-item"> <a href="/style" data-trackable="concept" class="concept-list__concept"> Style </a> <form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--follow " method="GET" data-myft-ui="follow" data-concept-id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e" action="/myft/add/b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/followed/concept/b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e?method=put" > <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Now following Style." data-unpressed-text="No longer following Style." ></div> <button aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Add to myFT: Style" title="Add Style to myFT" data-alternate-label="Added Style to myFT: click to remove" data-alternate-text="Added" class=" n-myft-follow-button" data-concept-id="b29d43fc-60b3-437e-bf96-db14dc52487e" data-trackable="follow" type="submit">Add to myFT</button> </form> </li> <li class="concept-list__list-item"> <a href="/shopping-gifts" data-trackable="concept" class="concept-list__concept"> Shopping and gifts </a> <form class="n-myft-ui n-myft-ui--follow " method="GET" data-myft-ui="follow" data-concept-id="ec18fbd6-0f16-4acb-b6c0-238d8e5148ae" action="/myft/add/ec18fbd6-0f16-4acb-b6c0-238d8e5148ae" data-js-action="/__myft/api/core/followed/concept/ec18fbd6-0f16-4acb-b6c0-238d8e5148ae?method=put" > <input data-myft-csrf-token value="" type="hidden" name="token"> <div class="n-myft-ui__announcement o-normalise-visually-hidden" aria-live="assertive" data-pressed-text="Now following Shopping and gifts." data-unpressed-text="No longer following Shopping and gifts." ></div> <button aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Add to myFT: Shopping and gifts" title="Add Shopping and gifts to myFT" data-alternate-label="Added Shopping and gifts to myFT: click to remove" data-alternate-text="Added" class=" n-myft-follow-button" data-concept-id="ec18fbd6-0f16-4acb-b6c0-238d8e5148ae" data-trackable="follow" type="submit">Add to myFT</button> </form> </li> </ul> </div></div></div><div class="comments-container"><h2 class="standalone-teaser-heading">Comments</h2><div id="comments-anchor"><div class="comments"><div class="comments__rum-indicator"></div><div class="o-comments" id="o-comments-stream" data-o-component="o-comments" data-o-comments-use-staging-environment="false" data-o-comments-article-id="c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-o-comments-title="Venice’s velvet-slipper mecca " data-o-comments-article-url="https://www.ft.com/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53"></div></div></div></div><div class="comments-rhr"></div></article></div></div></div></div><div class="n-layout__row n-layout__row--footer"><footer id="site-footer" class="o-footer o-footer--theme-dark" data-o-component="o-footer"><div class="o-footer__container"><div class="o-footer__row"><h2 class="o-normalise-visually-hidden">Useful links</h2><nav class="o-footer__matrix" role="navigation" aria-label="Useful links"><div class="o-footer__matrix-group o-footer__matrix-group--1"><h3 class="o-footer__matrix-title" aria-controls="o-footer-section-0">Support</h3><div class="o-footer__matrix-content" id="o-footer-section-0"><div class="o-footer__matrix-column"><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="/tour" data-trackable="View Site Tips"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">View Site Tips</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://help.ft.com" data-trackable="Help Centre"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Help Centre</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://aboutus.ft.com/contact-us" data-trackable="Contact Us"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Contact Us</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://www.ft.com/aboutus" data-trackable="About Us"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">About Us</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="/accessibility" data-trackable="Accessibility"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Accessibility</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="/tour/myft" data-trackable="myFT Tour"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">myFT Tour</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/careers/" data-trackable="Careers"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Careers</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://aboutus.ft.com/suppliers" data-trackable="Suppliers"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Suppliers</span></a></div></div></div><div class="o-footer__matrix-group o-footer__matrix-group--1"><h3 class="o-footer__matrix-title" aria-controls="o-footer-section-1">Legal &amp; Privacy</h3><div class="o-footer__matrix-content" id="o-footer-section-1"><div class="o-footer__matrix-column"><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/terms-conditions/" data-trackable="Terms &amp; Conditions"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Terms &amp; Conditions</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/privacy/" data-trackable="Privacy Policy"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Privacy Policy</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/cookies/" data-trackable="Cookie Policy"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Cookie Policy</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://www.ft.com/preferences/manage-cookies" data-trackable="Manage Cookies"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Manage Cookies</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/copyright/copyright-policy/" data-trackable="Copyright"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Copyright</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal/slavery-statement/" data-trackable="Slavery Statement &amp; Policies"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Slavery Statement &amp; Policies</span></a></div></div></div><div class="o-footer__matrix-group o-footer__matrix-group--1"><h3 class="o-footer__matrix-title" aria-controls="o-footer-section-2">Services</h3><div class="o-footer__matrix-content" id="o-footer-section-2"><div class="o-footer__matrix-column"><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="/securedrop" data-trackable="Share News Tips Securely" data-o-tracking-do-not-track="true"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Share News Tips Securely</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://www.ft.com/products" data-trackable="Individual Subscriptions"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Individual Subscriptions</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://professional.ft.com/en-gb/services/professional-subscriptions?segmentId=383c7f[…]4-b62d-cb33-4c278e6fdf61&amp;cpccampaign=B2B_link_ft.com_footer" data-trackable="Professional Subscriptions"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Professional Subscriptions</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://professional.ft.com/en-gb/services/republishing/" data-trackable="Republishing"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Republishing</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://www.exec-appointments.com/" data-trackable="Executive Job Search"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Executive Job Search</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://commercial.ft.com/" data-trackable="Advertise with the FT"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Advertise with the FT</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://twitter.com/ft" data-trackable="Follow the FT on X"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Follow the FT on X</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://channels.ft.com/" data-trackable="FT Channels"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT Channels</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://enterprise.ft.com/en-gb/services/group-subscriptions/secondary-education/" data-trackable="FT Schools"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT Schools</span></a></div></div></div><div class="o-footer__matrix-group o-footer__matrix-group--1"><h3 class="o-footer__matrix-title" aria-controls="o-footer-section-3">Tools</h3><div class="o-footer__matrix-content" id="o-footer-section-3"><div class="o-footer__matrix-column"><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://markets.ft.com/data/portfolio/dashboard" data-trackable="Portfolio"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Portfolio</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://applink.ft.com/A6lV/2khsqyrh" data-trackable="FT App"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT App</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://www.ft.com/todaysnewspaper" data-trackable="FT Digital Edition"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT Digital Edition</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://ftedit.ft.com/Ju3k/pqkac2ds" data-trackable="FT Edit"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT Edit</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://markets.ft.com/data/alerts/" data-trackable="Alerts Hub"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Alerts Hub</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://rankings.ft.com/business-education" data-trackable="Business School Rankings"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Business School Rankings</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://subscription-manager.ft.com/" data-trackable="Subscription Manager"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Subscription Manager</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="/news-feed" data-trackable="News feed"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">News feed</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="/newsletters" data-trackable="Newsletters"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Newsletters</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://markets.ft.com/data/currencies" data-trackable="Currency Converter"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Currency Converter</span></a></div></div></div><div class="o-footer__matrix-group o-footer__matrix-group--1"><h3 class="o-footer__matrix-title" aria-controls="o-footer-section-4">Community &amp; Events</h3><div class="o-footer__matrix-content" id="o-footer-section-4"><div class="o-footer__matrix-column"><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://events.ft.com/events-list" data-trackable="FT Live Events"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT Live Events</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://forums.ft.com/" data-trackable="FT Forums"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">FT Forums</span></a><a class="o-footer__matrix-link" href="https://bdp.ft.com/" data-trackable="Board Director Programme"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">Board Director Programme</span></a></div></div></div><div class="o-footer__matrix-group o-footer__matrix-group--1"><h3 class="o-footer__matrix-title o-footer__matrix-title--link"><a class="o-footer__matrix-link o-footer__matrix-link--more" id="o-footer-5" href="https://ft.com/more-from-ft-group"><span class="o-footer__matrix-link__copy">More from the FT Group</span></a></h3></div></nav></div><div class="o-footer__copyright"><small>Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. © THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2024. <abbr title="Financial Times" aria-label="F T">FT</abbr> and ‘Financial Times’ are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.<br/>The Financial Times and its journalism are subject to a self-regulation regime under the <a href="https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/ft-editorial-code/" aria-label="F T Editorial Code of Practice">FT Editorial Code of Practice</a>.</small></div></div><div class="o-footer__brand"><div class="o-footer__container"><div class="o-footer__brand-logo"></div></div></div></footer><div class="n-layout__footer-after"><script data-pixel-src="https://spoor-api.ft.com/px.gif?data=%7B%22category%22%3A%22page%22%2C%22action%22%3A%22view%22%2C%22system%22%3A%7B%22source%22%3A%22non-ctm%22%7D%2C%22context%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22product%22%3A%22next%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22source%22%3A%22%5BSOURCE%5D%22%7D%7D%7D">(function coreExperience() { if (/\bcore\b/.test(document.documentElement.className)) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-var var currentScript = document.scripts[document.scripts.length - 1]; // eslint-disable-next-line no-var var img = new Image(); img.alt = ''; img.src = currentScript.getAttribute('data-pixel-src'); } })();</script><noscript><img src="https://spoor-api.ft.com/px.gif?data=%7B%22category%22%3A%22page%22%2C%22action%22%3A%22view%22%2C%22system%22%3A%7B%22source%22%3A%22non-ctm%22%7D%2C%22context%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22product%22%3A%22next%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22source%22%3A%22%5BSOURCE%5D%22%7D%7D%7D" alt=""/></noscript><script id="chartbeat-script"> ;(function() { if (/\bcore\b/.test(document.documentElement.className)) { console.warn('Chartbeat not loaded: Core browser') return; } const testing = new URL(location).searchParams.has('chartbeatTest') || false; window._sf_async_config = { uid: 14181, domain: testing ? 'testing.ft.com' : 'ft.com', useCanonical: true, useCanonicalDomain: true, topStorageDomain: 'ft.com', }; const script = document.createElement('script'); script.async = true; script.src = 'https://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'; const last = document.scripts[document.scripts.length - 1]; last.parentNode.insertBefore(script, last); })(); </script></div></div><div class="o-header__drawer" id="o-header-drawer" role="modal" aria-label="Drawer menu" aria-modal="true" data-o-header-drawer="true" data-o-header-drawer--no-js="true" data-trackable="drawer" data-trackable-terminate="true"><div class="o-header__drawer-inner"><div class="o-header__drawer-tools"><button type="button" class="o-header__drawer-tools-close" title="Close side navigation menu" aria-controls="o-header-drawer" data-trackable="close"><span class="o-header__visually-hidden">Close side navigation menu</span></button><nav class="o-header__drawer-menu o-header__drawer-edition-switcher" aria-label="Edition switcher"><span class="o-header__drawer-menu-item">Edition:</span><span class="o-header__drawer-menu-item o-header__drawer-current-edition">International</span><div class="o-header__drawer-divider"></div><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link" href="/?edition=uk">UK</a></nav></div><div class="o-header__drawer-search"><form class="o-header__drawer-search-form" action="/search" role="search" aria-label="Site search" data-n-topic-search="true"><label for="o-header-drawer-search-term" class="o-forms-field o-forms-field--optional"><span class="o-forms-title o-header__visually-hidden"><span class="o-forms-title__main">Search the <abbr title="Financial Times">FT</abbr></span></span><span class="o-forms-input o-forms-input--text o-forms-input--suffix"><input type="search" id="o-header-drawer-search-term" name="q" autoComplete="off" autoCorrect="off" autoCapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" data-trackable="search-term" data-n-topic-search-input="true" placeholder="Search for stories, topics or securities" role="combobox" aria-controls="suggestions-o-header-drawer-search-term" data-n-topic-search-drawer="true"/><button class="o-header__drawer-search-submit" type="submit" data-trackable="search-submit"><span class="o-header__visually-hidden">Search</span></button></span></label></form></div><div class="o-header__drawer-actions"><a class="o-header__drawer-button" role="button" href="/products?segmentId=4526c036-7527-ab37-9a29-0b0403fa0b5f" data-trackable="subscribe-button">Subscribe for full access</a></div><nav class="o-header__drawer-menu o-header__drawer-menu--primary"><h2 id="top-sections" class="o-header__drawer-menu-item o-header__drawer-menu-item--heading">Top sections</h2><ul aria-labelledby="top-sections" class="o-header__drawer-menu-list"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/" data-trackable="Home">Home</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/world" data-trackable="World">World</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-1" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | World">Show more World</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-1" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/middle-east-war" data-trackable="Middle East war">Middle East war</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/global-economy" data-trackable="Global Economy">Global Economy</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/world-uk" data-trackable="UK">UK</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/us" data-trackable="US">US</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/china" data-trackable="China">China</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/africa" data-trackable="Africa">Africa</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/asia-pacific" data-trackable="Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/emerging-markets" data-trackable="Emerging Markets">Emerging Markets</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/europe" data-trackable="Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/war-in-ukraine" data-trackable="War in Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/americas" data-trackable="Americas">Americas</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/middle-east-north-africa" data-trackable="Middle East &amp; North Africa">Middle East &amp; North Africa</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/us" data-trackable="US">US</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-2" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | US">Show more US</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-2" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/us-economy" data-trackable="US Economy">US Economy</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/investing-in-america" data-trackable="Investing in America">Investing in America</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/us-companies" data-trackable="US Companies">US Companies</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/us-politics-policy" data-trackable="US Politics &amp; Policy">US Politics &amp; Policy</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/us-presidential-election-2024" data-trackable="US Presidential Election 2024">US Presidential Election 2024</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/companies" data-trackable="Companies">Companies</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-3" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Companies">Show more Companies</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-3" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/energy" data-trackable="Energy">Energy</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/financials" data-trackable="Financials">Financials</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/health" data-trackable="Health">Health</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/industrials" data-trackable="Industrials">Industrials</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/media" data-trackable="Media">Media</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/professional-services" data-trackable="Professional Services">Professional Services</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/retail-consumer" data-trackable="Retail &amp; Consumer">Retail &amp; Consumer</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/technology-sector" data-trackable="Tech Sector">Tech Sector</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/telecoms" data-trackable="Telecoms">Telecoms</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/transport" data-trackable="Transport">Transport</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/technology" data-trackable="Tech">Tech</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-4" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Tech">Show more Tech</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-4" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/artificial-intelligence" data-trackable="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/semiconductors" data-trackable="Semiconductors">Semiconductors</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/cyber-security" data-trackable="Cyber Security">Cyber Security</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/social-media" data-trackable="Social Media">Social Media</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/markets" data-trackable="Markets">Markets</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-5" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Markets">Show more Markets</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-5" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/alphaville" data-trackable="Alphaville">Alphaville</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="https://markets.ft.com/data" data-trackable="Markets Data">Markets Data</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/crypto" data-trackable="Crypto">Crypto</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/capital-markets" data-trackable="Capital Markets">Capital Markets</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/commodities" data-trackable="Commodities">Commodities</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/currencies" data-trackable="Currencies">Currencies</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/equities" data-trackable="Equities">Equities</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/ft-wealth-management" data-trackable="Wealth Management">Wealth Management</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/moral-money" data-trackable="Moral Money">Moral Money</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/etf-hub" data-trackable="ETF Hub">ETF Hub</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/fund-management" data-trackable="Fund Management">Fund Management</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/ft-trading-room" data-trackable="Trading">Trading</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/climate-capital" data-trackable="Climate">Climate</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/opinion" data-trackable="Opinion">Opinion</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-7" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Opinion">Show more Opinion</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-7" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/columnists" data-trackable="Columnists">Columnists</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/ft-view" data-trackable="The FT View">The FT View</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/the-big-read" data-trackable="The Big Read">The Big Read</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/lex" data-trackable="Lex">Lex</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/obituaries" data-trackable="Obituaries">Obituaries</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/letters" data-trackable="Letters">Letters</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/lex" data-trackable="Lex">Lex</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/work-careers" data-trackable="Work &amp; Careers">Work &amp; Careers</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-9" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Work &amp; Careers">Show more Work &amp; Careers</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-9" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="https://rankings.ft.com/business-education" data-trackable="Business School Rankings">Business School Rankings</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/business-education" data-trackable="Business Education">Business Education</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="https://rankings.ft.com/incubator-accelerator-programmes-europe" data-trackable="Europe&#x27;s Start-Up Hubs">Europe&#x27;s Start-Up Hubs</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/entrepreneurship" data-trackable="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/recruitment" data-trackable="Recruitment">Recruitment</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/business-books" data-trackable="Business Books">Business Books</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/business-travel" data-trackable="Business Travel">Business Travel</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/working-it" data-trackable="Working It">Working It</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/life-arts" data-trackable="Life &amp; Arts">Life &amp; Arts</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-10" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Life &amp; Arts">Show more Life &amp; Arts</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-10" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/arts" data-trackable="Arts">Arts</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/books" data-trackable="Books">Books</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/food-drink" data-trackable="Food &amp; Drink">Food &amp; Drink</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/magazine" data-trackable="FT Magazine">FT Magazine</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/house-home" data-trackable="House &amp; Home">House &amp; Home</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/style" data-trackable="Style">Style</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/travel" data-trackable="Travel">Travel</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/globetrotter" data-trackable="FT Globetrotter">FT Globetrotter</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><div class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle-wrapper"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--parent" href="/personal-finance" data-trackable="Personal Finance">Personal Finance</a><button class="o-header__drawer-menu-toggle o-header__drawer-menu-toggle--unselected" aria-controls="o-header-drawer-child-11" data-trackable="sub-level-toggle | Personal Finance">Show more Personal Finance</button></div><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--child" id="o-header-drawer-child-11" data-trackable="sub-level"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/mortgages" data-trackable="Property &amp; Mortgages">Property &amp; Mortgages</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/investments" data-trackable="Investments">Investments</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/pensions" data-trackable="Pensions">Pensions</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/tax" data-trackable="Tax">Tax</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/banking-savings" data-trackable="Banking &amp; Savings">Banking &amp; Savings</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/advice-comment" data-trackable="Advice &amp; Comment">Advice &amp; Comment</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--child" href="/next-act" data-trackable="Next Act">Next Act</a></li></ul></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/htsi" data-trackable="HTSI">HTSI</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/special-reports" data-trackable="Special Reports">Special Reports</a></li></ul><h2 id="ft-recommends" class="o-header__drawer-menu-item o-header__drawer-menu-item--heading">FT recommends</h2><ul aria-labelledby="ft-recommends" class="o-header__drawer-menu-list"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/alphaville" data-trackable="Alphaville">Alphaville</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/ft-edit" data-trackable="FT Edit">FT Edit</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/lunch-with-the-ft" data-trackable="Lunch with the FT">Lunch with the FT</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/globetrotter" data-trackable="FT Globetrotter">FT Globetrotter</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="https://www.ft.com/tech-asia" data-trackable="#techAsia">#techAsia</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/moral-money" data-trackable="Moral Money">Moral Money</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/visual-and-data-journalism" data-trackable="Visual and data journalism">Visual and data journalism</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/newsletters" data-trackable="Newsletters">Newsletters</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/video" data-trackable="Video">Video</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="https://www.ft.com/podcasts" data-trackable="Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/news-feed" data-trackable="News feed">News feed</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="/ft-schools" data-trackable="FT Schools">FT Schools</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="https://events.ft.com/events-list" data-trackable="FT Live Events">FT Live Events</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="https://forums.ft.com/" data-trackable="FT Forums">FT Forums</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected" href="https://bdp.ft.com/" data-trackable="Board Director Programme">Board Director Programme</a></li></ul><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list o-header__drawer-menu-list--divide"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--secondary" href="/myft" data-trackable="myFT">myFT</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--secondary" href="https://markets.ft.com/data/portfolio/dashboard" data-trackable="Portfolio">Portfolio</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--secondary" href="https://www.ft.com/todaysnewspaper" data-trackable="FT Digital Edition">FT Digital Edition</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--secondary" href="https://www.ft.com/crossword" data-trackable="Crossword">Crossword</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link o-header__drawer-menu-link--unselected o-header__drawer-menu-link--secondary" href="https://www.ft.com/tour/apps" data-trackable="Our Apps">Our Apps</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="o-header__drawer-menu o-header__drawer-menu--user" data-trackable="user-nav"><ul class="o-header__drawer-menu-list"><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link" href="https://help.ft.com" data-trackable="Help Centre">Help Centre</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link" href="/products?segmentId=d290332b-e8e8-d29b-2ff4-2019b13f008a" data-trackable="Subscribe">Subscribe</a></li><li class="o-header__drawer-menu-item"><a class="o-header__drawer-menu-link" href="/login?location=/content/c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53" data-trackable="Sign In">Sign In</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div><script type="application/json" id="page-kit-app-context">{"appName":"article","product":"next","edition":"international","appVersion":"a96fd34fad2d46e2c134d851ae4ad5b60424fd7a","abTestState":"messageSlotBottom:cookieConsentC,chartbeat:variant,articlecommunitypromoevent:variant2,articleJourneyTestsX:variant1,AdsCommercialMvt2AB:variant3,appleSignUpForBuyFlowTest:variant,useContentPipelineCannedQuery:variant","isProduction":true,"isUserLoggedIn":false,"pageKitVersion":"11.2.1","contentId":"c02144c4-6888-4681-a7a8-d304b5462b53","contentType":"Article"}</script><script type="application/json" id="page-kit-flags-embed">{"articleRelatedContent":true,"ads":true,"javascript":true,"oTracking":true,"articleComments":true,"myFtApi":true,"articleShareButtons":true,"myFtApiWrite":true,"adTargetingUserApi":true,"videoPlayerAdvertising":true,"streamMostRead":true,"openGraph":true,"nativeAds":true,"syndication":true,"myFTEmailDisableABAlloc":true,"streamRecommendedStoriesList":true,"newsletterSignupOnArticle":true,"myFTInstantNotifications":true,"myftPrioritiseTopics":true,"myftIndustryRecs":true,"showEventPromo":true,"myftConsentSwitch":true,"manageCookiesWhiteLabel":true,"myftIndustryRecsFeed":true,"AdsPermutive":true,"syndication_promo":true,"messageSlotBottom":"cookieConsentC","enableGTM":true,"myftPageAppNotificationsToggle":true,"realUserMonitoringForPerformance":true,"textCopyTracking":true,"enableBrandmetricsSurveyScript":true,"managePremiumCancellationJourney":true,"articleInstantAlertsPromo":true,"manageStepUpCancellationJourney":true,"manageStandardCancellationJourney":true,"manageStepUpTransitionJourney":true,"manageDirectCancellationJourney":true,"privShowCCPALinkOnFooter":true,"optimizely":true,"graphicSyndication":true,"adsNativeLazyload":true,"enableRavelinOnProd":true,"enableMarketingAnalyticsTags":true,"streamPageGraphicsList":true,"useFlourish":true,"adsHighImpact":true,"monthlyTermForPremiumCovidCohort":true,"enableNonUKDeliveryAddress":true,"homePageHeaderMarketsData":true,"enableGoogleExtendedMeter":true,"inArticleContentSignUp":true,"frontPageCommunitySection":true,"newBuyFlow":true,"bizzaboRegistrationEnabled":true,"enableSingleTermSubscriptions":true,"newsletterAutoEnrolment":true,"eventsInMyFtPage":true,"eventsInDigestEmails":true,"eventsInStreamPage":true,"ftGlobetrotterBanner":true,"scrollytellingImages":true,"chartbeat":"variant","emailVerificationOnSignupForms":true,"AdsExtraMobileSlot":true,"dotcomPages":true,"fomoPage":true,"exponeaOnsiteMessaging":true,"homepageInteractivesEmbeds":true,"bankTransferFeature":true,"articlecommunitypromoevent":"variant2","purgeableLongTailArticleCaching":true,"myAccountLanding":true,"chatterboxChat":true,"liveChat":true,"articleJourneyTestsX":"variant1","AdsCompaniesTypeaheadDemo":true,"AdsCommercialMvt2AB":"variant3","reverseCancellation":true,"adsPGHomePage":true,"saveMeDisplayEdit":true,"adsCommentsRHR":true,"adsPGSearchPage":true,"stripeForIndia":true,"showNoOffersPageInRetention":true,"adsDisableInternalCMP":true,"myFTInstantAlertsOnboarding":true,"proCentralBanking":true,"magnetOnArticle":true,"myftFollowButton":true,"customCodeComponent":true,"extensibleFrontends":true,"adsAppDisableInternalCMP":true,"experimentalAccountEntryTest":true,"enableSubX":true,"homepageClips":true,"enableAppleSignUpForRegFlow":true,"enableAppleSignUpForBuyFlow":true,"workspaceTeaserContextMenu":true,"appleSignUpForBuyFlowTest":"variant","personalFinanceCourseOfferSubscriberRenewalJourney":true,"retentionDirectToSeperateCancelCompareController":true,"enableCorporateBarrier":true,"useContentPipelineCannedQuery":"variant","onboardingCsatSurveyEnabled":true,"adsInsertTexasDNSLink":true,"pro-signup-welcome-page-v2-enabled":true,"inArticleContentSignUpUSElectionNewsletter":true,"enableFTEditRegisterFlow":true,"backToTopButton":true,"amplitudeExperiment":true,"pro-signup-onboarding-enabled":true,"useFlourishIFrame":true,"commentsOnlySubscriber":true,"pro-workspace-recommendation-cards-enabled":true,"articleToolsBox":true,"adsEnableFullBleedResponsive":true,"accountSettingsBillingDetailsPaypal":true,"adsVideoPageConsent":true,"clipsEnhancedPlayer":true,"adsEnableMiniBillboard":true,"ads-refresh-pc":true,"enableProfessionalSubscriptionCheck":true,"ads-validate-traffic-ias":true,"adsEnableMiniBillboardWeb":true,"adsMarketsDataWidget":true,"professional-newsletter-autoenrol-ab":true,"adsArticlePcStyling":true,"ads-adblock-recovery":true,"mprHomePageSlice":true,"liveChatProjectFelix":true,"ads-first-party-gtm":true,"liveBlogPagination":true,"enableWhiteHouseWatchNewsletterSignup":true,"articleBulletPointSummary":true,"adsEnableGpp":true,"adsValidateTraffic":true,"enableZephr":true}</script></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10