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<li id="toc-Repertoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repertoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Repertoire </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Repertoire subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sequence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sequence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costumes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costumes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Costumes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costumes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Musical instruments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Styles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_Kuchipudi_dramas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_Kuchipudi_dramas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Major Kuchipudi dramas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_Kuchipudi_dramas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_and_training_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_and_training_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Schools and training centers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_and_training_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" > 31 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF" title="কুচিপুড়ি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কুচিপুড়ি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF" title="কুচিপুড়ি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুচিপুড়ি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="कुचिपुड़ी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कुचिपुड़ी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کوچی‌پودی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوچی‌پودی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%83%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="કૂચિપૂડિ નૃત્ય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કૂચિપૂડિ નૃત્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A" title="कुचिपुडी नाच – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कुचिपुडी नाच" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="कूचिपूड़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कूचिपूड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕೂಚಿಪೂಡಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೂಚಿಪೂಡಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="കുച്ചിപ്പുടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുച്ചിപ്പുടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="कुचिपुडी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुचिपुडी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89" title="كوتشيبودى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوتشيبودى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کوچیپودی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کوچیپودی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="कुचिपुडी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कुचिपुडी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="कूचिपूड़ी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कूचिपूड़ी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF" title="କୁଚିପୁଡ଼ି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୁଚିପୁଡ଼ି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੁਚੀਪੁੜੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਚੀਪੁੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%DA%91%DB%8C" title="کچیپڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کچیپڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кучипуди – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кучипуди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="कूचिपुडी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कूचिपुडी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱩᱪᱤᱯᱩᱰᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱩᱪᱤᱯᱩᱰᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="குச்சிப்புடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குச்சிப்புடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కూచిపూడి నృత్యం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కూచిపూడి నృత్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kuchipudi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1145471#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian classical dance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the village where this dance came from in Andhra Pradesh, India, see <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi,_Krishna_district" title="Kuchipudi, Krishna district">Kuchipudi, Krishna district</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Kuchipudi</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg/220px-Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg/330px-Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg/440px-Kuchipudi_Performer_DS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2405" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data">కూచిపూడి నృత్యం</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Indian classical dance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">Cymbals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">Veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbur" title="Tanbur">Tambura</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi,_Krishna_district" title="Kuchipudi, Krishna district">Kuchipudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_district" title="Krishna district">Krishna district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuchipudi_Dancer,_Nitya_Yelamanchili,_Tarangam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kuchipudi_Dancer%2C_Nitya_Yelamanchili%2C_Tarangam.jpg/220px-Kuchipudi_Dancer%2C_Nitya_Yelamanchili%2C_Tarangam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kuchipudi_Dancer%2C_Nitya_Yelamanchili%2C_Tarangam.jpg/330px-Kuchipudi_Dancer%2C_Nitya_Yelamanchili%2C_Tarangam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kuchipudi_Dancer%2C_Nitya_Yelamanchili%2C_Tarangam.jpg/440px-Kuchipudi_Dancer%2C_Nitya_Yelamanchili%2C_Tarangam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="3265" /></a><figcaption>Dancer performing a tarangam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Dancer_(Malabika_Sen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg/220px-Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg/330px-Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg/440px-Indian_Dancer_%28Malabika_Sen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A Kuchipudi hasta (<a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">mudra</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001117-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> Traditional <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd>Vedic Deities:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Post-Vedic:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd>Mokṣa-related topics:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Divisions</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd>Rigveda:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Yajurveda:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Samaveda:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Atharvaveda:</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Art</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">Indian aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Architecture</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamana" title="Talamana">Talamana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Music</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_(music)" title="Shruti (music)">Shruti (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svara" title="Svara">Svara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alank%C4%81ra" title="Alankāra">Alankāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tala_(music)" title="Tala (music)">Tala (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">Raga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangita" title="Sangita">Sangita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadya" title="Vadya">Vadya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Food & Diet Customs</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Diet in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Time Keeping Practices</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchangam" title="Panchangam">Panchangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Pilgrimage</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other society-related topics:</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_organisations" title="List of Hindu organisations">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Reform movements</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Other topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Shaktism" title="Caribbean Shaktism">Caribbean Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_scriptures_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu scriptures and texts">Template:Hindu scriptures and texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hinduism & Other Religions</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Jainism" title="Hinduism and Jainism">Hinduism and Jainism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">and Buddhism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">and Sikhism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">and Judaism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and Christianity">and Christianity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">and Islam</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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<a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>: కూచిపూడి నృత్యం) is one of the eight major <a href="/wiki/Classical_Indian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Indian dance">Indian classical dances</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Kathak,_Odissi,_Bharatanatyam,_Kathakali,_Manipuri,_Chhau,_Satriya,_Kuchipudi_and_Mohiniyattam._2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Kathak,_Odissi,_Bharatanatyam,_Kathakali,_Manipuri,_Chhau,_Satriya,_Kuchipudi_and_Mohiniyattam.-2">[2]</a> It originates from a village named <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi,_Krishna_district" title="Kuchipudi, Krishna district">Kuchipudi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-village-3">[3]</a> Kuchipudi is a dance-drama performance, with its roots in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of <a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–46,_80_footnote_8-6">[6]</a> It developed as a religious art linked to traveling bards, temples and spiritual beliefs, like all major classical dances of India.<a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld376-7">[7]</a> Evidence of Kuchipudi's existence in an older version are found in copper inscriptions of the 10th century, and by the 15th century in texts such as the Machupalli Kaifat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> Kuchipudi tradition holds that <a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Sanyassin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyassin">sanyassin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita Vedanta</a> persuasion,<a href="#cite_note-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74-10">[10]</a> and his disciple, an orphan named Siddhendra Yogi, founded and systematized the modern version of Kuchipudi in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001-13">[13]</a> Kuchipudi largely developed as a <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>-oriented <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> tradition,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173-14">[14]</a> and it is known by the name of <a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a> in Thanjavur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81-8">[8]</a> The traditional Kuchipudi was performed by all males troupe. A dancer in a male role would be in Agnivastra, also known as Bagalbandi, wear a dhoti (a single pleated piece of cloth hanging down from the waist).<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a> A dancer in a female role would wear a Sari with light makeup.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a> The Kuchipudi performance usually begins with an invocation. Then, each costumed actor is introduced, their role stated, and they then perform a short preliminary dance set to music (dharavu). Next, the performance presents pure dance (nritta).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–45,_97–104,_117–121-17">[17]</a> This is followed with by the expressive part of the performance (<a href="/wiki/Nritya" title="Nritya">nritya</a>), where rhythmic hand gestures help convey the story.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–45,_97–104,_117–121-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Müller2013p310-18">[18]</a> Vocal and instrumental <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> language accompanies the performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001147–149-19">[19]</a> The typical musical instruments in Kuchipudi are <a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">mridangam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">cymbals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">veena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tanpura" title="Tanpura">tambura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993172–173-20">[20]</a> The popularity of Kuchipudi has grown within India and it is performed worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oonk2007p109-22">[22]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature,_orthography_and_etymology">Nomenclature, orthography and etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature, orthography and etymology">edit</a>]</div> Kuchipudi is named after the village in <a href="/wiki/Krishna_district" title="Krishna district">Krishna district</a> of Andhra Pradesh named <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi,_Krishna_district" title="Kuchipudi, Krishna district">Kuchipudi</a> – shortened form of the full name Kuchelapuram or Kuchilapuri<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067-23">[23]</a> – where it developed.<a href="#cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480–81-25">[25]</a> The name of village, states Ragini Devi, is itself derived from Sanskrit Kusilava-puram, which means "the village of actors".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067-23">[23]</a> Kusilava is a term found in ancient Sanskrit texts and refers to "traveling bard, dancer, newsmonger".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_(mus%C3%A9e_Guimet).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Kuchipudi dancers performing in Paris</figcaption></figure> Kuchipudi, like other classical dance forms in India, traces its roots to the Sanskrit <a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a>, a foundational treatise on the performing arts.<a href="#cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68-5">[5]</a> Its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20-28">[28]</a> but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249-29">[29]</a> The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25-30">[30]</a> The text, states Natalia Lidova, describes the theory of Tāṇḍava dance (<a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>), the theory of rasa, of bhāva, expression, gestures, acting techniques, basic steps, standing postures – all of which are part of Indian classical dances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001-31">[31]</a> Dance and performance arts, states this ancient text,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> are a form of expression of spiritual ideas, virtues and the essence of scriptures.<a href="#cite_note-mog17-33">[33]</a> The dance-drama tradition in Andhra Pradesh is of ancient origins, and the region is mentioned in the Natya Shastra. Bharata Muni credits a graceful movement to Andhra region and discusses it as Kaishiki vritti. The pre-2nd century CE text calls one raga as Andhri, that is from Andhra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200123–24-34">[34]</a> The Andhri, is related to Gandhari and Arsabhi, and is discussed in many other 1st millennium Sanskrit texts.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Some, state Bruno Nettle and others, place the origins of Kuchipudi to 3rd century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a> Dance-drama performance arts related to <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a>, in Telugu-speaking parts of South India, are evidenced in 10th-century copper inscriptions, and these were called Brahmana Melas or Brahma Melas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200129-36">[36]</a> The medieval era dance-drama performance artists were <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> This art was likely adopted by the musical and dancing Bhakti traditions of <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> which grew in the 2nd millennium, whose devotees were called Bhagavatulu in Andhra region and Bhagavatars in Tamil region of south India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81-8">[8]</a> In Andhra, this performance art evolved into Kuchipudi, while in Tamil Nadu it became known as Bhagavata Mela Nataka.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81-8">[8]</a> According to Saskia Kersenboom, both the Telugu Kuchipudi and Tamil Bhagavata Mela are strongly related to the classical Hindu dance tradition of Yakshagana found in Karnataka, all three involve Carnatic music, but these dance-drama traditions have differences such as in costumes, structure, interpretation and creative innovations.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a> Kuchipudi traces its origins to its founder <a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a>, the disciple of Sri Ananda Tirtha a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a>, when he was the high priest at his matha at Srikurmam and Simhachalam.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> To instill bhakti in layman he is credited to organizing Bhagavata Mela's throughout the nights and adapted many dance forms from the Srimad Bhagavatha Puranas.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Vaishnavism received a big boost in the Kalinga regions of Andhra and Orissa due to the efforts of Narahari Tirtha, Sri Jagannatha Tirtha and his disciples, the message of Bhakti was percolated through the masses via Kuchpudi and The Bhagavata Melas of Sri Narahari Tirtha and his disciples.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG/180px-Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG/270px-Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG/360px-Portrait_of_Siddhendra_Yogi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2594" data-file-height="3634" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of Siddhendra Yogi, to whom modern Kuchipudi is traditionally attributed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480-42">[42]</a></figcaption></figure> According to Manohar Varadpande, the Kuchipudi dance emerged in the late 13th century, when <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Ganga</a> rulers from <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a> were patrons of performance arts based on the 12th-century Sanskrit scholar <a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Jayadeva</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">[4]</a> This royal sponsorship, states Varadpande, encouraged many poets and dance-drama troupes to adopt Radha-Krishna themes into the then prevailing versions of classical Kuchipudi.<a href="#cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">[4]</a> These were regionally called Vaishnava Bhagavatulu.<a href="#cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">[4]</a> The modern version of Kuchipudi is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Narayana_Teertha" title="Narayana Teertha">Tirtha Narayanayati</a>, a 17th-century Telugu <a href="/wiki/Sanyasin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyasin">sanyasin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> persuasion and particularly his disciple, a Telugu <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a><a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a> orphan named Sidhyendra Yogi.<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200131,_45-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[note 1]</a> Tirtha Narayanayati authored <a href="/wiki/Sri_Krishna_Leela_Tarangini" title="Sri Krishna Leela Tarangini">Sri Krishna Leela Tarangini</a> and introduced sequences of rhythmic dance syllables at the end of the cantos, he wrote this work as a libretto for a dance-drama.<a href="#cite_note-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74-10">[10]</a> Narayanayati lived for a while in the <a href="/wiki/Tanjore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjore">Tanjore</a> district and presented the dance-drama in the <a href="/wiki/Tanjore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjore">Tanjore</a> temple.<a href="#cite_note-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74-10">[10]</a> Narayanayati's disciple, Sidhyendra Yogi, followed up with another play, the Parijatapaharana,<a href="#cite_note-46">[note 2]</a> more commonly known as the Bhama Kalapam.<a href="#cite_note-Khokar_1984_169-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[note 3]</a> When Sidhyendra Yogi finished the play, he had trouble finding suitable performers.<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[46]</a> So he went to Kuchelapuram, the village of his wife's family and present-day <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi,_Krishna_district" title="Kuchipudi, Krishna district">Kuchipudi</a>, where he enlisted a group of young <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> boys to perform the play.<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-52">[49]</a> According to the tradition, Sidhyendra requested and the villagers agreed to perform the play once a year, and this came to be known as Kuchipudi.<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-52">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_medieval_period">Late medieval period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Late medieval period">edit</a>]</div> Kuchipudi enjoyed support from medieval era rulers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> Copper inscriptions suggest that the dance-drama was seen by the royalty and was influential by 1502 and through the late 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–80-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> The court records of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> – known for its patronage of the arts – indicate that drama-dance troupes of Bhagavatas from Kuchipudi village performed at the royal court.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> However, various historical inscriptions often indicate that this dance form can be tracked back to the first century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> The region saw wars and political turmoil with Islamic invasions and the formation of Deccan Sultanates in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-Latif2010p71-55">[52]</a> With the fall of Vijayanagara Empire and the destruction of temples and Deccan cities by the Muslim army around 1565, musicians and dance-drama artists migrated south, and Tanjore kingdom records suggest some 500 such Kuchipudi artist families arrived from Andhra, were welcomed and granted land by the Hindu king Achyutappa Nayak, a settlement that grew to become modern <a href="/wiki/Melattur,_Tamil_Nadu" title="Melattur, Tamil Nadu">Melattur</a> near Tanjore (also called <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> Not everyone left the old Andhra village of Kuchipudi, and those remaining became the sole custodians of its tradition in Andhra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> Kuchipudi declined and was a dying art in 17th-century Andhra,<a href="#cite_note-Latif2010p71-55">[52]</a> but in 1678, the last Shia Muslim <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Golkonda_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Golkonda Sultanate">Golkonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Qutb_Shah" title="Abul Hasan Qutb Shah">Abul Hasan Tana Shah</a>, saw a Kuchipudi performance and was so pleased that he granted the dancers lands around the Kuchipudi village, with the stipulation that they continue the dance-drama.<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-52">[49]</a> The Shia Sultanate was overthrown in 1687 by the Sunni Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Latif2010p71-55">[52]</a> In order to regulate public and private morals, as well as end un-Islamic practices,<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> Aurangzeb banned public performances of all music and dance arts, along with ordering the confiscation and destruction of musical instruments in Indian subcontinent under control of his <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eraly2000p408-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-width:2px;border-style:double;border-color:#FFA500;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_India" title="Category:Culture of India">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:145%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"><figure 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title="Portal:India">India portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_India" title="Template:Culture of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_India" title="Template talk:Culture of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_rule_period">Colonial rule period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial rule period">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dance_.jpg/180px-Dance_.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dance_.jpg/270px-Dance_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dance_.jpg/360px-Dance_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A Kuchipudi dance in progress.</figcaption></figure> After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire collapsed, Hindu rebellion sprouted in many parts of India, including the Deccan region.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> In the second half of the 18th century, during this period of political turmoil, the colonial Europeans arrived, the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> was formed by the East India Company officials and became a part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> Andhra was a part of the Madras Presidency. During the colonial era, Hindu arts and traditions such as dance-drama were ridiculed. Christian missionaries and British officials stereotyped and denigrated dancers, calling Indian classical dances as evidence of a tradition of "harlots, debased erotic culture, slavery to idols and priests".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Christian missionaries launched the "anti-dance movement" in 1892, to ban all such dance forms.<a href="#cite_note-marysnodgrass166-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ghuman2014p97-62">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walker2016p94-63">[60]</a> The anti-dance camp accused the various classical Indian dance forms as a front for prostitution, while revivalists questioned the constructed histories by the colonial writers.<a href="#cite_note-amritsri73-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-leslieorr8-65">[62]</a> In 1910, the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> of the British Empire altogether banned temple dancing.<a href="#cite_note-pallabinilan30-66">[63]</a> Kuchipudi, which was traditionally staged at night on a stage attached to a Hindu temple,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> was impacted and like all classical Indian dances declined during the colonial rule period.<a href="#cite_note-craine420-67">[64]</a> After the ban, many Indians protested against the caricature and cultural discrimination, launching their efforts to preserve and reinvigorate their culture.<a href="#cite_note-marysnodgrass166-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> Due to these efforts from 1920s onwards, the classical Indian dances witnessed a period of renaissance.<a href="#cite_note-craine420-67">[64]</a> Vedantam Lakshminarayana Sastri (1886–1956) was the influential figure who led the effort to save, reconstruct and revive Kuchipudi performance art. Sastri worked closely with other revivalists, between 1920 and 1950, particularly Balasaraswati and others determined to save and revive <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern period">edit</a>]</div> The three influential figures in Kuchipudi, during the first half of twentieth century, were Vedantam Lakshminarayana Sastri, Vempati Venkatanarayana Sastri and Chinta Venkataramayya.<a href="#cite_note-:41-72">[69]</a> Sastri focused on reviving and relaunching Kuchipudi after classical Hindu dances came under sustained ridicule and political degradation in the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, while Venkataramayya was influential in productions for public performances and developing specialized forms of Yakshagana – another classical Indian dance, and Kuchipudi.<a href="#cite_note-:41-72">[69]</a> Sastri is also remembered for encouraging and teaching Indian women to dance Kuchipudi as solo performers and in teams, as well as working with artists of other classical dances such as the Bharatanatyam that enabled the sharing and cross flow of ideas.<a href="#cite_note-:41-72">[69]</a> Vempati Venkatanarayana Sastri was the guru of Sastri, taught him Kuchipudi, and was a key figure in helping preserve Kuchipudi.<a href="#cite_note-:41-72">[69]</a> The historic All India Dance Seminar, organized by the national arts organization <a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Natak_Akademi" title="Sangeet Natak Akademi">Sangeet Natak Akademi</a> in 1958, thrust Kuchipudi to the national stage.<a href="#cite_note-:5-73">[70]</a> Some Western dancers joined the Indians in preserving dance. The American dancer Esther Sherman, for example, moved to India in 1930, learnt Indian classical dances, changed her name to Ragini Devi, and joined the movement to save and revive classical Indian dances.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Her daughter Indrani Bajpai (<a href="/wiki/Indrani_Rahman" title="Indrani Rahman">Indrani Rahman</a>) learnt and became a celebrated Kuchipudi dancer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001190-75">[72]</a> The public performances of Kuchipudi by <a href="/wiki/Indrani_Rahman" title="Indrani Rahman">Indrani Rahman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamini_Krishnamurthy" title="Yamini Krishnamurthy">Yamini Krishnamurti</a> outside of Andhra region, created wider enthusiasm and more interest through new students and the expansion of Kuchipudi as a creative performance art both within India and internationally.<a href="#cite_note-:5-73">[70]</a> The latter half of the twentieth century was dominated by the Kuchipudi school of <a href="/wiki/Vempati_Chinna_Satyam" title="Vempati Chinna Satyam">Vempati Chinna Satyam</a>, whose efforts to further codify the modern repertoire earned him multiple accolades, including the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a>. Some of the Indian movie actresses such as <a href="/wiki/Hema_Malini" title="Hema Malini">Hema Malini</a> started their career as a Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam dancer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001203-76">[73]</a> Kuchipudi performances have now spread world-wide.<a href="#cite_note-:5-73">[70]</a> The largest group performance with a total of 6,117 dancers in Vijayawada got into the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repertoire">Repertoire</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Repertoire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg/220px-Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg/330px-Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg/440px-Prathiksha_Kashi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>A dancer in a costume, an expressive part of a Kuchipudi performance.</figcaption></figure> Kuchipudi is a team performance, with roots in Hindu religious festivals.<a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld376-7">[7]</a> The drama-dance involves extensive stage movements and exacting footwork, wherein the underlying drama is mimed by expressive gestures of hand (mudras), eye and face movements.<a href="#cite_note-osnes183-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173-14">[14]</a> The expressive style is through a <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a> that follows the classical pan-Indian Sanskrit texts such as Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana and Nrityararnavali.<a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld376-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Müller2013p310-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p48-79">[76]</a> The dance is accompanied with Carnatic music, while the recital is in Telugu language.<a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld376-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli199323–24,_173–174-80">[77]</a> Just like the Carnatic music style, Kuchipudi shares many postures and expressive gestures with Bharatanatyam, such as the Ardhamandali or Aramadi"(half seating position or a partial squat, legs bent or knees flexed out).<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p48-79">[76]</a> However, there are important differences, such as Bharatanatyam as a Hindu temple tradition trending towards geometric perfection and the spiritual, while Kuchipudi as a Hindu festival tradition trending towards more sensual supple and the folksy.<a href="#cite_note-osnes183-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Traditionally the traveling dance troupe consisted entirely of men (often <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a><a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a>), who moved from village to village, and performed on a stage set next to a Hindu temple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">[9]</a> The male artists would dress up and act out the female role in a drama performed by these traveling troupes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173–174-82">[79]</a> In modern times, Kuchipudi has diversified, women have joined Kuchipudi dance, outnumber male artists, and are among its most celebrated artists.<a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld376-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200120–21,_190–204-83">[80]</a> In some cases now, it is the Kuchipudi girl artists who dress up and act out the role of boys.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a> The repertoire of Kuchipudi, like all major classical Indian dance forms, follows the three categories of performance in the ancient Hindu text Natya Shastra. These are Nritta, Nritya and Natya.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p48-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200483–84-84">[81]</a> <ul><li>The Nritta performance is abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance.<a href="#cite_note-koskoff955-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84-86">[83]</a> The viewer is presented with pure movement in Nritta, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern. This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (prakriti) of the audience.<a href="#cite_note-Descutner2010p45-87">[84]</a></li> <li>The Nritya is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions.<a href="#cite_note-koskoff955-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84-86">[83]</a> In a nritya, the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The Kuchipudi actor articulates a story (particularly of Krishna) or a spiritual message. This part of a repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.<a href="#cite_note-Descutner2010p45-87">[84]</a></li> <li>The Natyam is a play, typically a team performance, but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A Natya incorporates the elements of a Nritya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84-86">[83]</a> Kuchipudi, in its history relied on a team of dance-actors, while in modern times Kuchipudi productions include solo or duo performances.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sequence">Sequence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sequence">edit</a>]</div> A complete Kuchipudi show sequence always consists of nritta and nritya in solo or group performance, but when the underlying text is a play, it may include a natya. The nritta or pure abstract dance parts of Kuchipudi, states Reginald Massey, may include parts such as darus, jatis, jatiswarams, tirmanas and tillanas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200483-88">[85]</a> The nritya or expressive performance in Kuchipudi includes padams, varnams, shabdams and shlokas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200483-88">[85]</a> A Kuchipudi performance traditionally is a night performance,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199068–69-89">[86]</a> when rural families return from their farms and are free of their daily work. It has been performed in or next to a Hindu temple, and the stage lit by the yellow lights of castor oil burning torches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199068–69-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrandonBanham1997p96-90">[87]</a> The dance-drama begins with an invocation (melavimpu, puvaranga). This may be an on stage prayer to <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a>, the Hindu god of good beginnings, or may be an invocation expressing reverence to various Hindu gods, goddesses, earth, or one's <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> (teacher).<a href="#cite_note-osnes183-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrandonBanham1997p96-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001102-91">[88]</a> The conductor of the performance enters and plants an "Indra's banner" staff,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199068–69-89">[86]</a> then introduces all the actors and the characters they play, who are revealed behind a curtain, and when each actor arrives, colored resin is thrown into the flame of one or more torches for dramatic color effects and audience's attention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199068–69-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrandonBanham1997p96-90">[87]</a> Each actor performs a short dance called the Pravesa Daru<a href="#cite_note-92">[note 4]</a> accompanied by a short musical piece, as the vocalist describes his or her role.<a href="#cite_note-BrandonBanham1997p96-90">[87]</a> The conductor is typically present throughout the performance, on the stage, explains the play, talks and humors the audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199068–69-89">[86]</a> After the actors have been introduced, the nritta part of the Kuchipudi performance starts. The actors present a pure dance (jatis or jatiswarams), performed rhythmically to a musical <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">raga</a>, and these are called Sollakath or Patakshara.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p48-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001102,_120-93">[89]</a> A basic unit of dance in Kuchipudi is called a adugu (or adugulu), and these correspond to the karana in Natya Shastra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001117–121-94">[90]</a> Each basic unit combines hand and foot movement into a harmonious sthana (posture) and chari (gait), that visually appeals to the audience wherever he or may be sitting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001117–121-94">[90]</a> Each dance unit, according to the ancient text, is best performed to certain recitation of mnemonic syllables and musical beat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001117–121-94">[90]</a> A series of karana form a jati, formalized originally as an <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> through Sanskrit mnemonics, later written, and these form the foundation of what is performed in nritta sequence of Kuchipudi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001120–142-95">[91]</a> Thereafter comes the nritya, the expressive part called abhinaya, and this is the heart of the play.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200197–102-96">[92]</a> The actor-dancer uses hand mudras and facial expressions inspired by the sign language in ancient Sanskrit texts, with an exacting footwork, to communicate the underlying story to the audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200197–102-96">[92]</a> A solo play or solo part of the performance is called a Shabdam, and this may be set to a poem, a verse or a prose.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p48-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76-21">[21]</a> A varnam combines dance with mime in order to draw out and express the rasa (emotional taste), and this can be solo or group. Parts set to poetry that are love lyrics or express deeper sentiments are called a padam, and this part constitutes expressing the emotional, the allegorical and the spiritual aspects of the play.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001102–109-98">[94]</a> Kavutvams are a feature of the performance that is distinctive to Kuchipudi. These are performed either as nritta or nritya, to different talas, wherein the dancer adds acrobatics to the complexity of presentation. For example, the dancer may perform the footwork, rhythmically to music, while balancing a series of pots on his or her head, and then add burning <a href="/wiki/Diya_(lamp)" title="Diya (lamp)">Diya (lamp)</a> in both hands, as the show goes on.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001109–112-99">[95]</a> Some artists dip their foot on a wet ink pad, then dance rhythmically on a blank white piece of paper, thus painting it; alternatively, the troupe places coloured rice powder on floor and on top the white piece of paper, then dances the musical composition on it, their weight and steps causing the pigment to stick.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001112–113-100">[96]</a> At the end of the performance, the artist shows the audience the nature scenery or bird or flower or Ganesha or something that results.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001112–113-100">[96]</a> A Mayura Kavutvam dance produces a painting of a peacock, a Vinayaka Kavutvam of Ganesha, a Simhanandi Kavutvam yields the painting of a lion, each set to a certain classical composition and beat, for instance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001112–113-100">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costumes">Costumes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Costumes">edit</a>]</div> The traditional Kuchipudi was performed by all males troupe. A dancer in a male role would be in Angavastra, also known as Bagalbandi, wear a dhoti (a single pleated piece of cloth hanging down from the waist).<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a> A dancer in a female role would wear a Sari with light makeup.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a> Modern productions retain the male dress, but are more elaborate and Bharatanatyam-like for the female roles. Women artists wear a brilliantly colourful Sari (or a body fitting dress) with a pleated fan stitched in front to help highlight the exacting footwork.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a> The end of the wrapped Sari is held fast under a light metallic (golden or brass) belt at waist. A Kuchipudi artist braids her hair somewhat differently than a Bharatanatyam artist, to reflect the regional traditions, yet wearing flowers are common. Both have symbolic elements embedded in their hair and face jewelry, such as the Vedic symbolisms for the sun and the moon, the soul and the nature, and she sometimes sets her hairdo in the tribhuvana style which represents the three worlds.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a> Her jewelry may include hair jewelry, ear, nose, armlets, necklaces and often a leather anklet piece with little bells (gajjelu or ghungroo).<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a> The forehead has a round red bindi or a symmetric tillaka, while the eyes are typically ringed with black collyrium to ease the viewing of expressions by the audience.<a href="#cite_note-osnes183-78">[75]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_(mus%C3%A9e_Guimet).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/140px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/210px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/280px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuse_de_Kuchipudi_jouant_Krishna_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Kuchipudi costumes</figcaption></figure> Some special Kuchipudi plays may include unusual costumes and theatrics, such as round bottom water pot balanced on the head, dancing with gymnastics or stilt athletics.<a href="#cite_note-BrandonBanham1997p96-90">[87]</a> Other plays may include wing props, a transparent head sheet, or peacock feathered crown to identify the actor playing Krishna.<a href="#cite_note-BrandonBanham1997p96-90">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_instruments">Musical instruments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Musical instruments">edit</a>]</div> Musical instruments used in Kuchipudi are cymbals, mridangam, violin, thambura, flute. The Kuchipudi performance is led by a conductor (chief musician) called the Sutradhara or Nattuvanar, who typically keeps the beat using cymbals and also recites the musical syllables; the conductor may also sing out the story or spiritual message being enacted, or this may be a role of a separate vocalist or occasionally the dancer-actors themselves.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993172–173-20">[20]</a> The Kuchipudi orchestra ensemble includes a drummer (mridangam), a clarinetist and a violinist.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173-14">[14]</a> Depending on the legend being danced out, other musicians such as a flutist may be present.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001153-101">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Styles">Styles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Styles">edit</a>]</div> Kuchipudi has several regional banis (styles), which developed because of the uniqueness and creativity of gurus (teachers).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha20019-102">[98]</a> This openness and flexibility has been a historic tradition in Indian dance culture, and is traceable to early times in Kuchipudi as the Margi and Desi styles in the text Nrittaratnavali of Jaya Senapati.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200124–25-103">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[note 5]</a> According to Senapati, the Desi styles referred to one that incorporated innovations to the conservative Margi styles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200124–25-103">[99]</a> Senapati lists examples of each. For Margi styles, he describes Vedayata, Veddangam, Bommalata, Perani, Chindu, Bahurupam, Pagativeshalu and others; while for Desi styles, Senapati describes Rasaka, Charchari, Bhandika, Kollata and others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200124–25-103">[99]</a> Some of these styles are discernible in Warangal sculptures of the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200128-109">[104]</a> The dance styles are based on the standard treatises, Abhinaya Darpana and Bharatarnava of Nandikeswara, which is sub-divided into Nattuva Mala and Natya Mala.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Nattuva Mala is of two types — the Puja dance performed on the Balipitha in the temple and the Kalika dance performed in a Kalyana Mandapam. Natya Mala is of three kinds — ritual dance for gods, Kalika dance for intellectuals and Bhagavatam for common place.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_Kuchipudi_dramas">Major Kuchipudi dramas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Major Kuchipudi dramas">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg/220px-Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg/330px-Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg/440px-Kuchipudi_Dance_Uma_Muralikrishna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A Kuchipudi dancer performing at <a href="/wiki/IIM_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="IIM Bangalore">IIM Bangalore</a></figcaption></figure> The most popular dance-drama is Bhama Kalapam of Sidhyendra Yogi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-110">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Narayana_Teertha" title="Narayana Teertha">Narayana Teertha</a> composed the Krishna Lila Tarangini, a story of Krishna's life beginning from his birth to his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Khokar_1984_169-47">[45]</a> Ramaiah Sastri, inspired by the Bhama Kalapam, wrote the Golla Kalapam, which portrays the theme of an ethical satirical conversation between a <a href="/wiki/Gopi" title="Gopi">Gopi</a> and a Brahmin.<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a> Other commonly performed plays are the dance-songs (kritis) of <a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Thyagaraja</a>, and the 700 surviving padams out of 4500 composed by <a href="/wiki/Kshetrayya" title="Kshetrayya">Kshetrayya</a> of <a href="/wiki/Movva" title="Movva">Movva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200482-112">[107]</a> Traditional compositions that have been internationally performed by Kuchipudi artists, particularly among Telugu diaspora communities, include Srinivasa Kalyanam, Rukmini Kalyanam (marriage of Krishna and Rukmini), Sakuntalam Bhamakalpam, Hara Vilasam, Prahlada Charitram (<a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> festival-related story), Usha Parinayam, Sasirekha Parinayam, Rama Natakam (probably the oldest play), Mohini Rukmangada, Chamundeswari Sabda, Ardhanareeswaram Sabda and Perini Thandavam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oonk2007p109-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools_and_training_centers">Schools and training centers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Schools and training centers">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (July 2016)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Kuchipudi training, as with all major classical Indian arts, have traditionally begun at a young age. The training includes physical exercises, theory, demonstration lessons and a lot of practice. The physical exercises range from yoga to special exercises to develop a supple body and flexibility in leg muscles, lower body, core, arms, shoulders and neck. Some examples of special exercises, state Kothari and Pasricha, are Dandemu, Chakradandemu, Ekapada, Gunjeelu, Kailsamu, Kappilu and Moggalu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001120–121-113">[108]</a> They are educated in Sanskrit and Telugu. They must also learn music, literature and become vocalists.<a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a> Training has expanded from within traditional families to anyone across the world due to its popularization.<a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Natyam" title="Andhra Natyam">Andhra Natyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perini_Sivatandavam" title="Perini Sivatandavam">Perini Sivatandavam</a></li> <li>Vilasini Natyam</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> His name is sometimes spelled Siddhendra Yogi.<a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Parijatapaharana means "The Stealing of the <a href="/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis">Parijata</a> Flower". </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> There are three versions of the story. In the first, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Krishna">Lord Krishna</a> appears before Sidhyendra and promises <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a> if he told this love epic.<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[46]</a> In another, Sidhyendra promises Krishna to dedicate his life to bhakti if his life was saved during a dangerous river-crossing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200132-49">[47]</a> In the third, Sidhyendra was simply inspired by his devotion and love for God to compose the work.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> The Parijatapaharana tells the story of how <a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a> asked Krishna to get her the Parijata tree from the garden of the god <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satyabhama" title="Satyabhama">Satyabhama</a>'s jealousy as a result. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> This is called Dhruva in the ancient text Natya Shastra, which explains its purpose as 'form an emotional connection between the actor and the audience'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199068–69-89">[86]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Margi and Deshi styles are found in other classical Hindu dances as well, with Margi being those that aim to uplift thoughts, imagination or devotional, focus on spiritual ideas, while Deshi are festive, folksy, focus on celebration and entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200432-104">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> According to Kothari and Pasricha, the styles are reflected in the adugulu or the basic building blocks of the dance in Kuchipudi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001129–142-107">[103]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001117-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001117_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Kathak,_Odissi,_Bharatanatyam,_Kathakali,_Manipuri,_Chhau,_Satriya,_Kuchipudi_and_Mohiniyattam.-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_Kathak,_Odissi,_Bharatanatyam,_Kathakali,_Manipuri,_Chhau,_Satriya,_Kuchipudi_and_Mohiniyattam._2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams2004">Williams 2004</a>, pp. 83–84, the other major classical Indian dances are: Kathak, Odissi, Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Manipuri, Chhau, Satriya, Kuchipudi and Mohiniyattam.. </li> <li id="cite_note-village-3"><a href="#cite_ref-village_3-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/%E2%80%98Art-has-to-be-nurtured-to-sustain%E2%80%99/article16993784.ece">"'Art has to be nurtured to sustain'"</a>. The Hindu. Retrieved 5 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=%27Art+has+to+be+nurtured+to+sustain%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fentertainment%2Fdance%2F%25E2%2580%2598Art-has-to-be-nurtured-to-sustain%25E2%2580%2599%2Farticle16993784.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Varadpande1982p133-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Varadpande1982p133_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varadpande1982p133_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varadpande1982p133_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varadpande1982p133_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varadpande1982p133_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varadpande1982p133_4-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManohar_Laxman_Varadpande1982" class="citation book cs1">Manohar Laxman Varadpande (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TaF603WEv4IC">Krishna Theatre in India</a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-151-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-151-5"><bdi>978-81-7017-151-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Krishna+Theatre+in+India&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-151-5&rft.au=Manohar+Laxman+Varadpande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTaF603WEv4IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 60–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–46,_80_footnote_8-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–46,_80_footnote_8_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 43–46, 80 footnote 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-lochtefeld376-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld376_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld376_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld376_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld376_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld376_7-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">James G. Lochtefeld (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA376">The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 376–377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3179-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3179-8"><bdi>978-0-8239-3179-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%3A+A-M&rft.pages=376-377&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8&rft.au=James+G.+Lochtefeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5kl0DYIjUPgC%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–81_8-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 79–81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067–68_9-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 67–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna_Chaitanya_1987_pages.74_10-2">c</a> Krishna Chaitanya (1987), "Arts of India.", pages.74 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanham1993" class="citation book cs1">Banham, edited by James R. Brandon ; advisory editor, Martin (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ttnH5W9qoBAC">The Cambridge guide to Asian theatre</a> (Pbk. ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58822-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58822-5"><bdi>978-0-521-58822-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+guide+to+Asian+theatre&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=96&rft.edition=Pbk.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-58822-5&rft.aulast=Banham&rft.aufirst=edited+by+James+R.+Brandon+%3B+advisory+editor%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DttnH5W9qoBAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993173_14-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993">Farley P. Richmond, Darius L. Swann & Phillip B. Zarrilli 1993</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_15-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruno_NettlRuth_M._StoneJames_Porter1998" class="citation book cs1">Bruno Nettl; Ruth M. Stone; James Porter; et al. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA516">The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent</a>. Routledge. pp. 516–518. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-4946-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-4946-1"><bdi>978-0-8240-4946-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music%3A+South+Asia+%3A+the+Indian+subcontinent&rft.pages=516-518&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1&rft.au=Bruno+Nettl&rft.au=Ruth+M.+Stone&rft.au=James+Porter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZOlNv8MAXIEC%26pg%3DPA516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narayan2011p50-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p50_16-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShovana_Narayan2011" class="citation book cs1">Shovana Narayan (2011). "Kuchipudi". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zLOiaGDLYOAC">The Sterling Book of Indian Classical Dance</a>. Sterling. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-207-9078-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-207-9078-0"><bdi>978-81-207-9078-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kuchipudi&rft.btitle=The+Sterling+Book+of+Indian+Classical+Dance&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-207-9078-0&rft.au=Shovana+Narayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzLOiaGDLYOAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–45,_97–104,_117–121-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–45,_97–104,_117–121_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200143–45,_97–104,_117–121_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 43–45, 97–104, 117–121. </li> <li id="cite_note-Müller2013p310-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Müller2013p310_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Müller2013p310_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornelia_Müller2013" class="citation book cs1">Cornelia Müller (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VPjbBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA309">Body – Language – Communication</a>. De Gruyter. pp. 310–319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-026131-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-026131-8"><bdi>978-3-11-026131-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Body+%E2%80%93+Language+%E2%80%93+Communication&rft.pages=310-319&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-11-026131-8&rft.au=Cornelia+M%C3%BCller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVPjbBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001147–149-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001147–149_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 147–149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993172–173-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993172–173_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993172–173_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993">Farley P. Richmond, Darius L. Swann & Phillip B. Zarrilli 1993</a>, pp. 172–173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199073–76_21-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 73–76. </li> <li id="cite_note-Oonk2007p109-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oonk2007p109_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oonk2007p109_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGijsbert_Oonk2007" class="citation book cs1">Gijsbert Oonk (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BkwsMTyShi8C">Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory</a>. Amsterdam University Press. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-035-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-035-8"><bdi>978-90-5356-035-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Indian+Diasporas%3A+Exploring+Trajectories+of+Migration+and+Theory&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-5356-035-8&rft.au=Gijsbert+Oonk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBkwsMTyShi8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._K._RamanujanVelcheru_Narayana_RaoDavid_Dean_Shulman1994" class="citation book cs1">A. K. Ramanujan; Velcheru Narayana Rao; David Dean Shulman (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uhix8nKXGnQC">When God is a Customer: Telugu Courtesan Songs by Kṣētrayya and Others</a>. University of California Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08069-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08069-0"><bdi>978-0-520-08069-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+God+is+a+Customer%3A+Telugu+Courtesan+Songs+by+K%E1%B9%A3%C4%93trayya+and+Others&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08069-0&rft.au=A.+K.+Ramanujan&rft.au=Velcheru+Narayana+Rao&rft.au=David+Dean+Shulman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUhix8nKXGnQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480–81-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480–81_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 80–81. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier_Williams1872" class="citation book cs1">Monier Williams (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uqlRAAAAcAAJ">A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 243.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary%3A+Etymologically+and+philologically+arranged&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1872&rft.au=Monier+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuqlRAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_27-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFNatalia_Lidova2014">Natalia Lidova 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995">Tarla Mehta 1995</a>, pp. xxiv, 19–20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWallace_Dace1963">Wallace Dace 1963</a>, p. 249. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis1974">Emmie Te Nijenhuis 1974</a>, pp. 1–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan2001">Kapila Vatsyayan 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_L._Beck2012" class="citation book cs1">Guy L. Beck (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ">Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition</a>. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 138–139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61117-108-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61117-108-2"><bdi>978-1-61117-108-2</bdi></a>. <q>Quote: "A summation of the signal importance of the Natyasastra for Hindu religion and culture has been provided by Susan Schwartz, "In short, the Natyasastra is an exhaustive encyclopedic dissertation of the arts, with an emphasis on performing arts as its central feature. It is also full of invocations to deities, acknowledging the divine origins of the arts and the central role of performance arts in achieving divine goals (...)".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sonic+Liturgy%3A+Ritual+and+Music+in+Hindu+Tradition&rft.pages=138-139&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61117-108-2&rft.au=Guy+L.+Beck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUzUMCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mog17-33"><a href="#cite_ref-mog17_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoormaraswamy_and_Duggirala1917" class="citation web cs1">Coormaraswamy and Duggirala (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924012568535#page/n5/mode/2up">"The Mirror of Gesture"</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mirror+of+Gesture&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1917&rft.au=Coormaraswamy+and+Duggirala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924012568535%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988">; Also see chapter 36 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200123–24-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200123–24_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmie_te_Nijenhuis1970" class="citation book cs1">Emmie te Nijenhuis (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8MUAAAAIAAJ">Dattilam: A Compendium of Ancient Indian Music</a>. Brill Archive. pp. 25, 291–293.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dattilam%3A+A+Compendium+of+Ancient+Indian+Music&rft.pages=25%2C+291-293&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Emmie+te+Nijenhuis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ8MUAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200129-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200129_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunil_Kothari1979" class="citation book cs1">Sunil Kothari (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UEs7AQAAIAAJ">Parata Nāṭṭiyam</a>. Marg Publications. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parata+N%C4%81%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADiyam&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Marg+Publications&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Sunil+Kothari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUEs7AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohan_KhokarGurmeet_Thukral1985" class="citation book cs1">Mohan Khokar; Gurmeet Thukral (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RUvRAAAAMAAJ">The splendors of Indian dance</a>. Hyperion. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7002-002-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7002-002-8"><bdi>978-81-7002-002-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+splendors+of+Indian+dance&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-81-7002-002-8&rft.au=Mohan+Khokar&rft.au=Gurmeet+Thukral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRUvRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FT6uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=kuchipudi+narahari+tirtha&source=bl&ots=cC0C0iV8Sv&sig=ACfU3U0Ef7iXnc6E_Jfbp6BB88PbO4J0Ig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwift-f8qaWDAxWRSmwGHWVOBDo4PBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=kuchipudi%20narahari%20tirtha&f=false">https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FT6uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=kuchipudi+narahari+tirtha&source=bl&ots=cC0C0iV8Sv&sig=ACfU3U0Ef7iXnc6E_Jfbp6BB88PbO4J0Ig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwift-f8qaWDAxWRSmwGHWVOBDo4PBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=kuchipudi%20narahari%20tirtha&f=false</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabloo2022" class="citation web cs1">Babloo, Ravi Prakash (15 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V0hZEAAAQBAJ&dq=kuchipudi+narahari+tirtha&pg=PA183">"Religious Debates in Indian Philosophy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Debates+in+Indian+Philosophy&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft.aulast=Babloo&rft.aufirst=Ravi+Prakash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV0hZEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkuchipudi%2Bnarahari%2Btirtha%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevi1990" class="citation book cs1">Devi, Ragini (5 January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRz5ykKRVAEC&dq=kuchipudi+narahari+tirtha&pg=PA67">Dance Dialects of India</a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0674-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0674-0"><bdi>978-81-208-0674-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+Dialects+of+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.date=1990-01-05&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0674-0&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Ragini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRz5ykKRVAEC%26dq%3Dkuchipudi%2Bnarahari%2Btirtha%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200480_42-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhokar1984" class="citation book cs1">Khokar, Mohan (1984). Traditions of Indian Classical Dance. India: Clarion Books. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+Indian+Classical+Dance&rft.place=India&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Clarion+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Khokar&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200131,_45-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200131,_45_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 31, 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-Khokar_1984_169-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khokar_1984_169_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khokar_1984_169_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhokar1984" class="citation book cs1">Khokar, Mohan (1984). Traditions of Indian Classical Dance. India: Clarion Books. p. 169.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+Indian+Classical+Dance&rft.place=India&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Clarion+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Khokar&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasseyMassey1989" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Reginald; <a href="/wiki/Jamila_Massey" title="Jamila Massey">Massey, Jamila</a> (1989). The Dances of India: A General Survey and Dancers' Guide. United Kingdom: Tricolour Books. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948725-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-948725-04-4"><bdi>0-948725-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dances+of+India%3A+A+General+Survey+and+Dancers%27+Guide&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Tricolour+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-948725-04-4&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rft.au=Massey%2C+Jamila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200132-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200132_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhavnani1965" class="citation book cs1">Bhavnani, Enakshi (1965). The Dance in India: The Origin and History, Foundations, the Art and Science of the Dance in India – Classical, Folk and Tribal. India: D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Private Ltd. p. 57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dance+in+India%3A+The+Origin+and+History%2C+Foundations%2C+the+Art+and+Science+of+the+Dance+in+India+%E2%80%93+Classical%2C+Folk+and+Tribal&rft.place=India&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=D.+B.+Taraporevala+Sons+%26+Co.+Private+Ltd.&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Bhavnani&rft.aufirst=Enakshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKothariPasricha2001" class="citation book cs1">Kothari, Sunil; Pasricha, Avinash (2001). Kuchipudi: Indian Classical Dance Art. India: Abhinav Publications. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170173595" title="Special:BookSources/9788170173595"><bdi>9788170173595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kuchipudi%3A+Indian+Classical+Dance+Art&rft.place=India&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788170173595&rft.aulast=Kothari&rft.aufirst=Sunil&rft.au=Pasricha%2C+Avinash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–80-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200479–80_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 79–80. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutcha2013" class="citation journal cs1">Putcha, Rumya S. (December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dance-research-journal/article/abs/between-history-and-historiography-the-origins-of-classical-kuchipudi-dance/1397F05407968103AC437521E6726D84">"Between History and Historiography: The Origins of Classical Kuchipudi Dance"</a>. Dance Research Journal. 45 (3): 91–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0149767713000260">10.1017/S0149767713000260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0149-7677">0149-7677</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191350966">191350966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dance+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Between+History+and+Historiography%3A+The+Origins+of+Classical+Kuchipudi+Dance&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=91-110&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191350966%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0149-7677&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0149767713000260&rft.aulast=Putcha&rft.aufirst=Rumya+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fdance-research-journal%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fbetween-history-and-historiography-the-origins-of-classical-kuchipudi-dance%2F1397F05407968103AC437521E6726D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latif2010p71-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Latif2010p71_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Latif2010p71_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Latif2010p71_55-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilkees_I._Latif2010" class="citation book cs1">Bilkees I. Latif (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-SCyobP0koC">Forgotten</a>. Penguin Books. pp. 132, 71–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306454-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306454-1"><bdi>978-0-14-306454-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten&rft.pages=132%2C+71-74&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-306454-1&rft.au=Bilkees+I.+Latif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3-SCyobP0koC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988">, Quote: "(...) the last Golconda ruler Abul Hasan, known as Tana Shah, who was credited with reviving the dying art of the Kuchipudi dance". </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhsan_Jan_QaisarSom_Prakash_VermaMohammad_Habib1996" class="citation book cs1">Ahsan Jan Qaisar; Som Prakash Verma; Mohammad Habib (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hic3XnRU-VgC&pg=PA7">Art and Culture: Endeavours in Interpretation</a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-315-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-315-1"><bdi>978-81-7017-315-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Culture%3A+Endeavours+in+Interpretation&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-315-1&rft.au=Ahsan+Jan+Qaisar&rft.au=Som+Prakash+Verma&rft.au=Mohammad+Habib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHic3XnRU-VgC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eraly2000p408-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Eraly2000p408_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Eraly2000" class="citation book cs1">Abraham Eraly (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC">Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals</a>. Penguin Books. pp. 408–409. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2"><bdi>978-0-14-100143-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperors+of+the+Peacock+Throne%3A+The+Saga+of+the+Great+Mughals&rft.pages=408-409&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-100143-2&rft.au=Abraham+Eraly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D04ellRQx4nMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohan_Khokar1984" class="citation book cs1">Mohan Khokar (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=prjnAAAAMAAJ">Traditions of Indian classical dance</a>. Peter Owen. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-0574-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-0574-7"><bdi>978-0-7206-0574-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+Indian+classical+dance&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Peter+Owen&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-7206-0574-7&rft.au=Mohan+Khokar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DprjnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._Richards1995" class="citation book cs1">John F. Richards (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC">The Mughal Empire</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 273–286, 290–291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56603-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56603-2"><bdi>978-0-521-56603-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mughal+Empire&rft.pages=273-286%2C+290-291&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56603-2&rft.au=John+F.+Richards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHyVh29gy4QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="A_History_of_India" class="citation book cs1">Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). A History of India. 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Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 165–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-5749-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-5749-8"><bdi>978-1-4422-5749-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+Folk+Dance&rft.pages=165-168&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-5749-8&rft.au=Mary+Ellen+Snodgrass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDMGpDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghuman2014p97-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Ghuman2014p97_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNalini_Ghuman2014" class="citation book cs1">Nalini Ghuman (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BkVZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97">Resonances of the Raj: India in the English Musical Imagination, 1897–1947</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 97 footnote 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-931489-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-931489-8"><bdi>978-0-19-931489-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resonances+of+the+Raj%3A+India+in+the+English+Musical+Imagination%2C+1897%E2%80%931947&rft.pages=97+footnote+72&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-931489-8&rft.au=Nalini+Ghuman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBkVZAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker2016p94-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker2016p94_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_E._Walker2016" class="citation book cs1">Margaret E. Walker (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nC83DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA94">India's Kathak Dance in Historical Perspective</a>. Routledge. pp. 94–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-11737-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-11737-7"><bdi>978-1-317-11737-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Kathak+Dance+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pages=94-98&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-11737-7&rft.au=Margaret+E.+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnC83DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-amritsri73-64"><a href="#cite_ref-amritsri73_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmrit_Srinivasan1983" class="citation journal cs1">Amrit Srinivasan (1983). "The Hindu Temple-dancer: Prostitute or Nun?". 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Oxford University Press. pp. 5, 8–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535672-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535672-4"><bdi>978-0-19-535672-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donors%2C+Devotees%2C+and+Daughters+of+God%3A+Temple+Women+in+Medieval+Tamilnadu&rft.pages=5%2C+8-17&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-535672-4&rft.au=Leslie+C.+Orr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF___xKcP8lMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pallabinilan30-66"><a href="#cite_ref-pallabinilan30_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallabi_ChakravortyNilanjana_Gupta2012" class="citation book cs1">Pallabi Chakravorty; Nilanjana Gupta (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KQly7wn0C5sC&pg=PA30">Dance Matters: Performing India on Local and Global Stages</a>. 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Wesleyan University Press. pp. 77, 138–141, 179, 289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6906-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6906-6"><bdi>978-0-8195-6906-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balasaraswati%3A+Her+Art+and+Life&rft.pages=77%2C+138-141%2C+179%2C+289&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-6906-6&rft.au=Douglas+M.+Knight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ3EsA2NooW4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnanda_Lal2004" class="citation book cs1">Ananda Lal (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DftkAAAAMAAJ">The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 180, 225, 327, 422–428. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-564446-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-564446-3"><bdi>978-0-19-564446-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Indian+Theatre&rft.pages=180%2C+225%2C+327%2C+422-428&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-564446-3&rft.au=Ananda+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDftkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:41-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:41_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:41_72-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKothariPasricha2001" class="citation book cs1">Kothari, Sunil; Pasricha, Avinash (2001). Kuchipudi: Indian Classical Dance Art. Abhinav Publications. pp. 120, 155–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170173595" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170173595"><bdi>978-8170173595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kuchipudi%3A+Indian+Classical+Dance+Art&rft.pages=120%2C+155-161&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8170173595&rft.aulast=Kothari&rft.aufirst=Sunil&rft.au=Pasricha%2C+Avinash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_73-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKothari2001" class="citation book cs1">Kothari, Sunil (2001). Kuchipudi: Indian Classical Dance Art. 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Subba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/6117-Kuchipudi-dancers-put-A.P.-in-Guinness-book/article16943005.ece">"6,117 Kuchipudi dancers put A.P. in Guinness book"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226153418/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/6117-Kuchipudi-dancers-put-A.P.-in-Guinness-book/article16943005.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=6%2C117+Kuchipudi+dancers+put+A.P.+in+Guinness+book&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=G.V.R.+Subba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FVijayawada%2F6117-Kuchipudi-dancers-put-A.P.-in-Guinness-book%2Farticle16943005.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-osnes183-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osnes183_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osnes183_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osnes183_78-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-osnes183_78-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeth_OsnesSam_Gill2001" class="citation book cs1">Beth Osnes; Sam Gill (2001). "Kuchipudi". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WTkCI62oXjEC">Acting: An International Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 183–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-795-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-795-9"><bdi>978-0-87436-795-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kuchipudi&rft.btitle=Acting%3A+An+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=183-184&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87436-795-9&rft.au=Beth+Osnes&rft.au=Sam+Gill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWTkCI62oXjEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narayan2011p48-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p48_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p48_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p48_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p48_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan2011p48_79-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShovana_Narayan2011" class="citation book cs1">Shovana Narayan (2011). 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Sterling. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-207-9078-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-207-9078-0"><bdi>978-81-207-9078-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kuchipudi&rft.btitle=The+Sterling+Book+of+Indian+Classical+Dance&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-207-9078-0&rft.au=Shovana+Narayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzLOiaGDLYOAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli199323–24,_173–174-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli199323–24,_173–174_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993">Farley P. Richmond, Darius L. Swann & Phillip B. 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Abhinav Publications. pp. 41–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-362-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-362-5"><bdi>978-81-7017-362-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Square+and+the+Circle+of+the+Indian+Arts&rft.pages=41-47&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-362-5&rft.au=Kapila+Vatsyayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvwLJc3pBzzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillip_B._Zarrilli2000" class="citation book cs1">Phillip B. Zarrilli (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kathakalidancedr0000zarr">Kathakali Dance-drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play</a>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kathakalidancedr0000zarr/page/35">35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13109-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13109-4"><bdi>978-0-415-13109-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kathakali+Dance-drama%3A+Where+Gods+and+Demons+Come+to+Play&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13109-4&rft.au=Phillip+B.+Zarrilli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkathakalidancedr0000zarr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001129–142-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001129–142_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 129–142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200128-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha200128_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-110"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKothariPasricha2001" class="citation book cs1">Kothari, Sunil; Pasricha, Avinash (2001). Kuchipudi: Indian Classical Dance Art. India: Abhinav Publications. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170173595" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170173595"><bdi>978-8170173595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kuchipudi%3A+Indian+Classical+Dance+Art&rft.place=India&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8170173595&rft.aulast=Kothari&rft.aufirst=Sunil&rft.au=Pasricha%2C+Avinash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhavnani1965" class="citation book cs1">Bhavnani, Enakshi (1965). The Dance in India: The Origin and History, Foundations, the Art and Science of the Dance in India – Classical, Folk and Tribal. India: D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Private Ltd. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dance+in+India%3A+The+Origin+and+History%2C+Foundations%2C+the+Art+and+Science+of+the+Dance+in+India+%E2%80%93+Classical%2C+Folk+and+Tribal&rft.place=India&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=D.+B.+Taraporevala+Sons+%26+Co.+Private+Ltd.&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Bhavnani&rft.aufirst=Enakshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200482-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200482_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001120–121-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001120–121_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001">Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001</a>, pp. 120–121. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey2004" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Reginald (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6MJ8jbHqIwC&dq=kuchipudi+dance+technique&pg=PA5">India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire</a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-434-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-434-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-434-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Dances%3A+Their+History%2C+Technique%2C+and+Repertoire&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-434-9&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt6MJ8jbHqIwC%26dq%3Dkuchipudi%2Bdance%2Btechnique%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasa2021" class="citation web cs1">Basa, Murali (1 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349710129">"INHERITANCE AND GROWTH OF KUCHIPUDI DANCE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INHERITANCE+AND+GROWTH+OF+KUCHIPUDI+DANCE&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft.aulast=Basa&rft.aufirst=Murali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F349710129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagini_Devi1990" class="citation book cs1">Ragini Devi (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dancedialectsofi0000ragi">Dance Dialects of India</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0674-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0674-0"><bdi>978-81-208-0674-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+Dialects+of+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0674-0&rft.au=Ragini+Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdancedialectsofi0000ragi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha2001" class="citation book cs1">Sunil Kothari; Avinash Pasricha (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xa8FamiJJKgC">Kuchipudi</a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-359-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-359-5"><bdi>978-81-7017-359-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kuchipudi&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-359-5&rft.au=Sunil+Kothari&rft.au=Avinash+Pasricha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXa8FamiJJKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatalia_Lidova2014" class="citation book cs1">Natalia Lidova (2014). Natyashastra. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780195399318-0071">10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natyashastra&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780195399318-0071&rft.au=Natalia+Lidova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatalia_Lidova1994" class="citation book cs1">Natalia Lidova (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TKarwqJJP0C">Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1234-5"><bdi>978-81-208-1234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drama+and+Ritual+of+Early+Hinduism&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1234-5&rft.au=Natalia+Lidova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TKarwqJJP0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2004" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Drid (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625041405/http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf">"In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing"</a> (PDF). Visual Anthropology. 17 (1). Routledge: 69–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08949460490274013">10.1080/08949460490274013</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29065670">29065670</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Anthropology&rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+Hollywood+Orientalism%3A+Authentic+East+Indian+Dancing&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69-98&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08949460490274013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29065670%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Drid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjashm.press.illinois.edu%2F12.3%2F12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995" class="citation book cs1">Tarla Mehta (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l7naMj1UxIkC">Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1057-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1057-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1057-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+Play+Production+in+Ancient+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1057-0&rft.au=Tarla+Mehta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl7naMj1UxIkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReginald_Massey2004" class="citation book cs1">Reginald Massey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6MJ8jbHqIwC">India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire</a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-434-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-434-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-434-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Dances%3A+Their+History%2C+Technique%2C+and+Repertoire&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-434-9&rft.au=Reginald+Massey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt6MJ8jbHqIwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emmie_te_Nijenhuis" title="Emmie te Nijenhuis">Emmie Te Nijenhuis</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NrgfAAAAIAAJ">Indian Music: History and Structure</a>. BRILL Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-03978-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-03978-3"><bdi>90-04-03978-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Music%3A+History+and+Structure&rft.pub=BRILL+Academic&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=90-04-03978-3&rft.au=Emmie+Te+Nijenhuis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNrgfAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan2001" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zKW1PAAACAAJ">Bharata, the Nāṭyaśāstra</a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1220-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1220-6"><bdi>978-81-260-1220-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharata%2C+the+N%C4%81%E1%B9%ADya%C5%9B%C4%81stra&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1220-6&rft.au=Kapila+Vatsyayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzKW1PAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan1977" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (1977). Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts. Sangeet Natak Akademi. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233639306">233639306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Indian+dance+in+literature+and+the+arts&rft.pub=Sangeet+Natak+Akademi&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F233639306&rft.au=Kapila+Vatsyayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/toc/z2008_2719.pdf">Table of Contents</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan1974" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (1974). Indian classical dance. Sangeet Natak Akademi. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2238067">2238067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+classical+dance&rft.pub=Sangeet+Natak+Akademi&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2238067&rft.au=Kapila+Vatsyayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan2008" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (2008). Aesthetic theories and forms in Indian tradition. Munshiram Manoharlal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8187586357" title="Special:BookSources/978-8187586357"><bdi>978-8187586357</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/286469807">286469807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aesthetic+theories+and+forms+in+Indian+tradition&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F286469807&rft.isbn=978-8187586357&rft.au=Kapila+Vatsyayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58fUibaZdGYC">Dance In Indian Painting</a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-153-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-153-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-153-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+In+Indian+Painting&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-153-9&rft.au=Kapila+Vatsyayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58fUibaZdGYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace_Dace1963" class="citation journal cs1">Wallace Dace (1963). "The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory". Educational Theatre Journal. 15 (3): 249–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3204783">10.2307/3204783</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3204783">3204783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Educational+Theatre+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+%22Rasa%22+in+Sanskrit+Dramatic+Theory&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-254&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3204783&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3204783%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Wallace+Dace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993" class="citation book cs1">Farley P. Richmond; Darius L. Swann; Phillip B. Zarrilli (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OroCOEqkVg4C">Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0981-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0981-9"><bdi>978-81-208-0981-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Theatre%3A+Traditions+of+Performance&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0981-9&rft.au=Farley+P.+Richmond&rft.au=Darius+L.+Swann&rft.au=Phillip+B.+Zarrilli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOroCOEqkVg4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKuchipudi" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchipudi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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Thalliki</a></dd> <dt>Language</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></dd> <dt>Dance</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuchipudi</a></dd> <dt>Sport</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></dd> <dt>Animal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck</a></dd> <dt>Bird</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rose-ringed_parakeet" title="Rose-ringed parakeet">Rose-ringed parakeet</a></dd> <dt>Fish</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Channa_marulius" title="Channa marulius">Great Snakehead</a></dd> <dt>Flower</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_officinale" title="Jasminum officinale">Jasmine</a></dd> <dt>Fruit</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_(mango)" title="Banganapalle (mango)">Banginapalli Mango</a></dd> <dt>Tree</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Azadirachta_indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Neem</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: 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href="/wiki/Krishna_district" title="Krishna district">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool_district" title="Kurnool district">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal_district" title="Nandyal district">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTR_district" title="NTR district">NTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palnadu_district" title="Palnadu district">Palnadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvathipuram_Manyam_district" title="Parvathipuram Manyam district">Parvathipuram Manyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore_district" title="Nellore district">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam_district" title="Srikakulam district">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sathya_Sai_district" title="Sri Sathya Sai district">Sri Sathya Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam_district" title="Visakhapatnam district">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram_district" title="Vizianagaram district">Vizianagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Godavari_district" title="West Godavari district">West Godavari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Metropolis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoni" title="Adoni">Adoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantapur" title="Anantapur">Anantapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimavaram" title="Bhimavaram">Bhimavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilakaluripet" title="Chilakaluripet">Chilakaluripet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor" title="Chittoor">Chittoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmavaram,_Sri_Sathya_Sai_district" title="Dharmavaram, Sri Sathya Sai district">Dharmavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadiri" title="Kadiri">Kadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluru" title="Eluru">Eluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudivada" title="Gudivada">Gudivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntakal" title="Guntakal">Guntakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindupur" title="Hindupur">Hindupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapa" title="Kadapa">Kadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakinada" title="Kakinada">Kakinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool" title="Kurnool">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Machilipatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madanapalle" title="Madanapalle">Madanapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal" title="Nandyal">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasaraopet" title="Narasaraopet">Narasaraopet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore" title="Nellore">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuzvid" title="Nuzvid">Nuzvid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongole" title="Ongole">Ongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakollu" title="Palakollu">Palakollu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proddatur" title="Proddatur">Proddatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajahmundry" title="Rajahmundry">Rajahmundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam" title="Srikakulam">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadepalligudem" title="Tadepalligudem">Tadepalligudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadipatri" title="Tadipatri">Tadipatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenali" title="Tenali">Tenali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuni" title="Tuni">Tuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram" title="Vizianagaram">Vizianagaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Transport in Andhra Pradesh">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airports_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Airports in Andhra Pradesh">Airports</a></li> <li>Railways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_highways_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:State highways in Andhra Pradesh">Roadways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Andhra Pradesh">Seaports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Andhra Pradesh">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Dams in Andhra Pradesh">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Forts in Andhra Pradesh">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Lakes of Andhra Pradesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:National parks in Andhra Pradesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Churches in Andhra Pradesh">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Waterfalls of Andhra Pradesh">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="History of Andhra Pradesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Ikshvaku" title="Andhra Ikshvaku">Andhra Ikshvaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Gotrika" title="Ananda Gotrika">Ananda Gotrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salankayana_dynasty" title="Salankayana dynasty">Salankayana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnukundina_dynasty" title="Vishnukundina dynasty">Vishnukundina dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velanati_Chodas" title="Velanati Chodas">Velanati Chodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musunuri_Nayakas" title="Musunuri Nayakas">Musunuri Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddi_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reddi kingdom">Reddi kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb Shahi dynasty">Qutb Shahi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jahi_dynasty" title="Asaf Jahi dynasty">Asaf Jahi dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revenue_divisions_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh">List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mandals_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh">List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dance_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dance_in_India" title="Template:Dance in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dance_in_India" title="Template talk:Dance in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dance_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dance in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dance_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_India" title="Dance in India">Dance in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perini_Sivatandavam" title="Perini Sivatandavam">Perini Sivatandavam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margamkali" title="Margamkali">Margamkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothu" title="Koothu">Koothu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parai_Attam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parai Attam">Parai Attam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theyyam" title="Theyyam">Theyyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeranatyam" title="Veeranatyam">Veeranatyam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Natyam" title="Andhra Natyam">Andhra Natyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deknni" title="Deknni">Deknni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Nritya" title="Gaudiya Nritya">Gaudiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotipua" title="Gotipua">Gotipua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahari_dance" title="Mahari dance">Mahari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divine forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandava" title="Tandava">Tandava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_lila" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasa lila">Rasa lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasya" title="Lasya">Lasya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_folk_dances" title="List of Indian folk dances">Folk</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_folk_dances" title="List of Indian folk dances">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkap" title="Alkap">Alkap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baagh_Naach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baagh Naach">Baagh Naach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagurumba" title="Bagurumba">Bagurumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_Chham" title="Bardo Chham">Bardo Chham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardwi_Sikhla" title="Bardwi Sikhla">Bardwi Sikhla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedara_Vesha" title="Bedara Vesha">Bedara Vesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(dance)" title="Bhangra (dance)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihu_dance" title="Bihu dance">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bommalattam" title="Bommalattam">Bommalattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakyar_koothu" title="Chakyar koothu">Chakyar koothu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_dance" title="Chang dance">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Lo" title="Chang Lo">Chang Lo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheraw_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheraw dance">Cheraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chheih_Lam" title="Chheih Lam">Chheih Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chholiya" title="Chholiya">Chholiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corridinho" title="Corridinho">Corridinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalkhai" title="Dalkhai">Dalkhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalo" title="Dhalo">Dhalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhunuchi_Nritya" title="Dhunuchi Nritya">Dhunachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollu_Kunitha" title="Dollu Kunitha">Dollu Kunitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domkach" title="Domkach">Domkach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domni" title="Domni">Domni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffmuttu" title="Duffmuttu">Duffmuttu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumhal" title="Dumhal">Dumhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugdi" title="Fugdi">Fugdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garadi" title="Garadi">Garadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garba_(dance)" title="Garba (dance)">Garba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddha" title="Giddha">Giddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoomar" title="Ghoomar">Ghoomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghumura_dance" title="Ghumura dance">Ghumura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombhira" title="Gombhira">Gombhira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grida_dance" title="Grida dance">Grida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojagiri">Hojagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulivesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulivesha">Hulivesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhijhiya" title="Jhijhiya">Jhijhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhumar" title="Jhumar">Jhumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhumair" title="Jhumair">Jhumair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachchhi_Ghodi_dance" title="Kachchhi Ghodi dance">Kachhi Ghodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbelia" title="Kalbelia">Kalbelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakattam" title="Karakattam">Karakattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_Naach" title="Karma Naach">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keisabadi" title="Keisabadi">Keisabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khual_Lam" title="Khual Lam">Khual Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikkli" title="Kikkli">Kikkli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolattam" title="Kolattam">Kolattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kummi" title="Kummi">Kummi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavani" title="Lavani">Lavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahasua" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahasua">Lahasua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezim" title="Lezim">Lezim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maach" title="Maach">Maach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwai_Giddha" title="Malwai Giddha">Malwai Giddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardana_Jhumair" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardana Jhumair">Mardana Jhumair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matki_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Matki Dance">Matki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayilattam" title="Mayilattam">Mayilattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussoll" title="Mussoll">Mussoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacn%C4%AB" title="Nacnī">Nacnī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nati_(dance)" title="Nati (dance)">Nati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppana" title="Oppana">Oppana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyilattam" title="Oyilattam">Oyilattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paampu_attam" title="Paampu attam">Paampattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padayani" title="Padayani">Padayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavri_Nach" title="Pavri Nach">Pavri Nach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulpati_dance" title="Phulpati dance">Phulpati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poikkaal_Kuthirai_Aattam" title="Poikkaal Kuthirai Aattam">Poikkal Kuthiraiattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Kali" title="Puli Kali">Puli Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puliyattam" title="Puliyattam">Puliyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raut_Nacha" title="Raut Nacha">Raut Nacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saang" title="Saang">Saang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhi_Chham" title="Singhi Chham">Singhi Chham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_dance" title="Sword dance">Sword dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertali" title="Tertali">Tertali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirayattam" title="Thirayattam">Thirayattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thitambu_Nritham" class="mw-redirect" title="Thitambu Nritham">Thitambu Nritham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippani" title="Tippani">Tippani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema#Song_and_dance" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema song and dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_dance_music" title="Hindi dance music">Hindi dance songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautch" title="Nautch">Nautch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavabharati" title="Abhinavabharati">Abhinavabharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mudras_(dance)" title="List of mudras (dance)">Mudras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance_forms_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Dance forms of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Assam" title="Folk dances of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_dances_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Traditional dances of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance_forms_of_Odisha" title="Folk dance forms of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Punjab" title="Folk dances of Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_forms_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Dance forms of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_of_Tripura" title="Dances of Tripura">Tripura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghungroo" title="Ghungroo">Ghungroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambu" title="Silambu">Silambu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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