Notes and studies - Court of Justice of the European Union

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data-toggle="dropdown" > The Institution <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" > General Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" > Annual Report </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" > Information brochures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" > Various documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" > Departments </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Working for the Court of Justice</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7007/en/" class="" > Jobs </a> </li> 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dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Former Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217426/en/" class="" > Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217427/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217428/en/" class="" > Civil Service Tribunal </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5122/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Civil Service Tribunal</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5230/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_67694/en/" class="" > 5th anniversary of the CST </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997859/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Commemorative events</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4335226/en/" class="" > 2004 enlargement - 20th anniversary </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997862/en/" class="" > 70 years </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_93450/en/" class="" > 60 years </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_52201/en/" class="" > From 20 to 2020 </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699076/en/" class="" > 30 years of the General Court (1989-2019) </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_95693/en/" class="" > 50 years "Van Gend en Loos" </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_170283/en/" class="" > 12 years"SKOURIS Presidency" </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7018/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Visiting the Court</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7021/en/" class="" > Access map </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7019/en/" class="" > Group Visits </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3862585/en/" class="" > Educational project </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699043/en/" class="" > Tourist Visits </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699062/en/" class="" > Individual visitors </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_129962/en/" class="" > Security rules and rules of conduct </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699112/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7020/en/" class="" > Library </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" > Contact us </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" > The Court in figures </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_25536/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Buildings</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943792/en/" class="" > The Palais </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943793/en/" class="" > The Anneau </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943794/en/" class="" > Erasmus building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943795/en/" class="" > Thomas More building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943796/en/" class="" > Themis building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943797/en/" class="" > Comenius Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943798/en/" class="" > Montesquieu Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943799/en/" class="" > Rocca Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943800/en/" class="" > The Gallery </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943801/en/" class="" > The history of the buildings </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943802/en/" class="" > Virtual Tour </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" > Sustainable management </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" > Art at the Court </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_92908/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Access to documents</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184871/en/" class="" > Access to administrative documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184874/en/" class="" > Historical Archives </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" > General Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" > Annual Report </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" > Information brochures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" > Various documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" > Departments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/" class="" > Working for the Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7009/en/" class="" > Invitations to tender </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7011/en/" class="" > History </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997859/en/" class="" > Commemorative events </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7018/en/" class="" > Visiting the Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" > Contact us </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" > The Court in figures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_25536/en/" class="" > Buildings </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" > Sustainable management </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" > Art at the Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_92908/en/" class="" > Access to documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5120/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Court of Justice <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7024/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7025/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7026/en/" class="" > Presentation of the Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7029/en/" class="" > Composition of chambers </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_743290/en/" class="" > Members’ code of ethics </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7030/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7031/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800214/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7032/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7024/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7025/en/" class="" > Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7030/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7031/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800214/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7032/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5121/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > General Court <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7033/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7034/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7035/en/" class="" > Presentation of the Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7038/en/" class="" > Composition of chambers </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_743291/en/" class="" > Members’ code of ethics </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_90360/en/" class="" > Terms of office since 1989 </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7039/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7040/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800230/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7041/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7033/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7034/en/" class="" > Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7039/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7040/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800230/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7041/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav secondLine">  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5123/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Case-law <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106307/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Access to the online Reports of Cases</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106308/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106309/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Court Reports - general</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106311/en/" class="" > Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106312/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156991/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Staff cases</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156992/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156993/en/" class="" > Civil Service Tribunal </a> </li>  </ul> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7044/en/" class="" > Search form </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7045/en/" class="" > Numerical access </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7046/en/" class="" > Digest of the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1043150/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3471594/en/" class="" > Monthly Case-law Digest </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3874044/en/" class="" > Yearly selection of major judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7083/en/" class="" > Annotation of judgments </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7048/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Judicial calendar</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1125695/en/" class="" > Information on judicial vacations </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li>  </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_14955/en/" class="" > Important pre-accession case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_126035/en/" class="" > Method of citing the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3869098/en/" class="" > Fictitious names in anonymised cases </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106307/en/" class="" > Access to the online Reports of Cases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7044/en/" class="" > Search form </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7045/en/" class="" > Numerical access </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7046/en/" class="" > Digest of the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1043150/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3471594/en/" class="" > Monthly Case-law Digest </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3874044/en/" class="" > Yearly selection of major judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7083/en/" class="" > Annotation of judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7048/en/" class="" > Judicial calendar </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_14955/en/" class="" > Important pre-accession case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_126035/en/" class="" > Method of citing the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3869098/en/" class="" > Fictitious names in anonymised cases </a> </li> </ul> </li>  <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5124/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Press and Media <span class="caret"></span> </a>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider">  <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7052/en/" class="" > Press releases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7053/en/" class="" > Services for the media </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7054/en/" class="" > Guide for journalists </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7055/en/" class="" > Photos </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7056/en/" class="" > EbS </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1477137/en/" class="" > Streaming </a> </li>  </ul>  <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7052/en/" class="" > Press releases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7053/en/" class="" > Services for the media </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7054/en/" class="" > Guide for journalists </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7055/en/" class="" > Photos 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onclick="window.open('https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170124/en/&title=CURIA Notes and studies&source=CURIA', '_blank', 'toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,fullscreen=no,top=50,left=50,width=550,height=500').opener = null" href="#"> <img alt="share-reddit" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/reddit_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/reddit_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/reddit_off.png" /> </a> <div class="dropdown"> </div> </div> <br/><br/> <div id="p1_2174452_0_p1_2174451_0_p1_2174450_2_p1_2174448_1_p1_2174446_0" class="Outter PortletQueryForeach ID_p1_2174446 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <h1 class="title"> Notes and studies</h1> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div> <div class="fullDisplay Textes "> <div class="contentText"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p>This section provides access to documents, notes and studies of a scientific, analytical or educational nature drawn up and selected by the Court of Justice of the European Union and by the member courts of the RJUE, in order to enhance mutual knowledge of national laws.</p> <p>‘Research notes’ are the result of research carried out or requested by the Court of Justice of the European Union or by a member court of the RJUE for the purpose of its activities. That in-depth research, which may relate to a specific legal question or a particular subject, is intended to feed into the work of the courts. Research notes are also often drafted from a deliberately comparative perspective.</p> <p>The Court of Justice of the European Union shares within that framework the ‘research notes’ compiled by its Research and Documentation Directorate, which are drawn up in French and accompanied by a summary that is also available in English.</p> <p>The list of these notes and studies is at the bottom of the page. They may also be searched via the search bar.</p> </div> </div> </div> <hr /> </div> </div><div class="col-item vTop"> <div id="p1_2174452_0_p1_2174451_0_p1_2174450_2_p1_2174448_1_p1_2196716_1" class="Outter PortletSearch ID_p1_2196716 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable empty-skin" style=""> <div class="portlet-header-actions"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-offset-4 col-lg-8 col-md-offset-4 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" > <div class=" vademecumsearch portletLightSearch hidden-print input-group input-group-rjue"> <form action="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/" method="get" name="search" class="noSingleSubmitButton rjuesearch"> <div class="widget widget-light input-group tab-pane jalios-input-group "> <div class="row"> <div class=" col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-2 col-md-offset-2 col-md-2 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" ><label for="RJUEInputDocs" class="labelRJUEsearch">Search</label></div> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" ><input class="form-control 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value='p1_2170124' /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="col-item vTop"> <div id="p1_2174452_0_p1_2174451_0_p1_2174450_2_p1_2174448_1_p1_2174449_2" class="Outter PortletSelection ID_p1_2174449 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner empty-skin" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="portlet-header-actions"> </div> <div id="p1_2174452_0_p1_2174451_0_p1_2174450_2_p1_2174448_1_p1_2174449_2_p1_2174447_0" class="Outter PortletQueryForeach ID_p1_2174447 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable empty-skin" style=""> <div class="portlet-header-actions"> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Mécanismes internes, existant au sein des juridictions supérieures des États membres, ayant pour objet de veiller à la cohérence de la jurisprudence </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 02.06.2023 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> judicial proceedings </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4787647/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4787647'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Agreements conferring jurisdiction made between parties established in the same Member State </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 18.07.2023 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Judicial cooperation in civil matters </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4785397/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4785397'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4734919/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4734919'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> L’application du régime de la TVA à l’activité des membres du conseil d’administration d’une société anonyme </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 11.05.2023 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Taxation </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4734917/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4734917'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Applicabilité du principe de la rétroactivité de la loi pénale plus douce (lex mitior) aux condamnations pénales définitives et effets de l'invalidation de dispositions pénales sur l'application de ce principe </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 05.05.2023 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> criminal law </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4734915/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4734915'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Protection, par le droit d’auteur, des textes officiels et des normes techniques </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 17.03.2023 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Droit d'auteur et droits voisins </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4734913/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4734913'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Gestion collective des droits d’auteur et des droits voisins dans les États membres </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 27.01.2023 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Droit d'auteur et droits voisins </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4734847/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4734847'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Personal civil liability of the directors of commercial companies for the infringement of an intellectual property right </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 14.12.2022 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Judicial cooperation in civil matters - Approximation of laws </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4410152/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4410152'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378318/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378318'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Names and citations of anonymised cases </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 07.10.2022 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Provisions governing the institutions - Data protection </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4410154/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4410154'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378316/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378316'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Declarations by Member States under Article 55(1) of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 23.09.2022 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Charter of Fundamental Rights - judicial cooperation in criminal matters - Immigration policy - Principles, objectives and tasks of the Treaties - Approximation of laws - Public health </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4410146/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4410146'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378314/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378314'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Role of the criminal court in the event of a breach of the accused person's right to be informed of his or her procedural rights </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 22.06.2022 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Charter of Fundamental Rights - judicial cooperation in criminal matters - Justice and home affairs - Approximation of laws </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4410148/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4410148'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378311/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378311'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Extrajudicial divorce: rules, procedures and cross-border recognition in Member States </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 04.02.2022 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Judicial cooperation in civil matters </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4410144/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4410144'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378308/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378308'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Anti-Dumping Agreement – Concept of 'destined for consumption' </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 17.09.2021 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Commercial policy </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378306/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378306'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378305/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378305'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Cross-appeals </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 25.06.2021 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378303/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378303'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378302/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378302'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Review of the lawfulness of detention of third-country nationals – Scope of own-motion reviews and applicable rules </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 29.04.2021 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378299/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378299'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378298/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378298'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Procedures for the appointment and designation of judges in the Member States and the role played by the executive or legislature in those procedures </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 27.10.2020 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Fundamental rights - Charter of Fundamental Rights </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378264/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378264'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378263/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378263'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Management autonomy of national sports federations and whether public procurement rules apply to them </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 27.05.2020 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> European Union public contracts </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378261/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378261'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378260/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378260'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Public access to personal data relating to road traffic offences </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 08.05.2020 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Principles, objectives and tasks of the Treaties - Data protection - Approximation of laws </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378258/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378258'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378257/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378257'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Impact of ongoing criminal proceedings on the conduct of disciplinary proceedings </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 24.03.2020 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Provisions governing the institutions </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378255/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378255'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378254/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378254'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Existing internal review mechanisms in international and national courts </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 28.11.2019 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Intellectual, industrial and commercial property - Approximation of laws - industrial property - approximation of laws </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378236/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378236'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378235/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378235'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Admissibility of court actions against ‘soft’ law measures </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 19.06.2019 | Court of Justice | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Procedural provisions - legal action - admissibility </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378233/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378233'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378232/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378232'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Scope of the requirement of independence of lawyers </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 05.06.2019 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Principles, objectives and tasks of the Treaties - general legal principle </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378230/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378230'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378229/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378229'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Application of the Cilfit case-law by national courts or tribunals against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 29.05.2019 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Principles, objectives and tasks of the Treaties - case law (EU) - EU law - national law </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378227/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378227'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378226/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378226'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Possibility and conditions of an incidental review of the procedure leading to a judge’s appointment </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 15.05.2019 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Provisions governing the institutions - Staff Regulations of officials and Conditions of Employment of other servants </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378199/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378199'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378198/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378198'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Rights of former directors of a company in liquidation to bring legal proceedings in the name of that company </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 04.02.2019 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Economic and monetary policy - European Central Bank (ECB) </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378187/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378187'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378186/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378186'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Nationality requirements in amateur athletics competitions </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 12.12.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Citizenship of the Union </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378180/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378180'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378179/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378179'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Recognition of kafala in the Member States, in particular in connection with the right of entry and residence in Member States </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 27.11.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Right of entry and residence </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378176/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378176'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378175/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378175'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Methods of management of confidential data in the context of national judicial proceedings </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 15.10.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> judicial review </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378173/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378173'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378172/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378172'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Scope of the principle of the legality of taxation, particularly in relation to value added tax </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 14.09.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Taxation - Value added tax </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378170/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378170'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4378169/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4378169'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Supervision of courts’ compliance with personal data protection rules when acting in their judicial capacity </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 18.07.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> judicial review - data protection </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377693/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377693'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377692/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377692'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Égalité, non-discrimination et genre </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 28.06.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> non-discrimination </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377690/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377690'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Conditions and procedures relating to involuntary loss of nationality </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 18.04.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> nationality </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377688/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377688'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377687/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377687'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> The use of promissory notes in relations with consumers </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 22.02.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Consumer protection </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377685/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377685'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377684/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377684'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 01.02.2018 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Intellectual, industrial and commercial property - Approximation of laws </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377682/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377682'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377681/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377681'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Whether there are specific rules or general principles on the abuse of law in the area of direct taxation in the Member States </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 04.10.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Indirect taxation - misuse of a right </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377679/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377679'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377678/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377678'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Freedom of expression of parliamentarians </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 11.09.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> freedom of expression - parliament </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377676/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377676'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377675/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377675'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Decisive date for assessing the ‘unaccompanied minor’ status of a refugee in order for his parents to enjoy a preferential right to family reunification with him </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 08.09.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> asylum policy </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377673/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377673'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377672/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377672'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Judicial review of employment relationships involving churches or religious undertakings </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 07.07.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Employment - Social policy - freedom of religious beliefs - equal treatment </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377670/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377670'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377669/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377669'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Access to information held by national financial supervisory authorities </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 21.06.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Free movement of capital - Internal market - Principles - access to education - credit institution - investment company - financial instrument </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377667/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377667'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377666/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377666'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Applicability of the rules relating to ‘personal data’ within the meaning of Article 2(a) of Directive 95/46/EC, to a corrected script of an examination </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 16.06.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Data protection </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377664/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377664'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377663/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377663'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Limitation rules in criminal matters </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 15.05.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Fundamental rights - criminal law </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377611/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377611'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377610/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377610'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Cumulation of administrative and criminal sanctions and the ne bis in idem principle </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 31.03.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Fundamental rights - Taxation </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377661/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377661'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377660/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377660'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Anonymity of the parties on the publication of court decisions </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 20.03.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Data protection - judicial proceedings - special procedure - administrative procedure </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377596/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377596'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377595/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377595'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Criminal penalties in the event of non-payment of value added tax </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 03.03.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Value added tax </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377593/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377593'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377592/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377592'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Concours réel d’infractions </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 03.03.2017 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> criminal law </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377590/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377590'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> European arrest warrant: undertakings to execute a foreign sentence </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 23.09.2016 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> judicial cooperation in criminal matters - carrying out of sentence </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377587/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377587'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377586/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377586'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Value added tax and place of supply in the case of ‘similar rights’ — Inclusion of greenhouse gas emission allowances </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 01.07.2016 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Value added tax </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377583/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377583'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377582/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377582'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Traitement des données à caractère personnel tenues ou inscrites au registre du commerce ou des sociétés </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 07.06.2016 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Data protection </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377580/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377580'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div class="item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 item-title"> Disputes arising from the termination of long-term commercial relations </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-meta"> 29.04.2016 | Courts of the European Union | Research note </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-cat"> Judicial cooperation in civil matters </div> <div class="col-md-12 item-lang"> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377578/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377578'>en</a> </span> <span><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4377577/en/" class="" target="_blank" data-jalios-id='p1_4377577'>fr</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RJD"> <div class="common-list"> <div class="list-note-etude"> <div 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