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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Budowa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budowa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Budowa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budowa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rozwój" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozwój"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rozwój</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rozwój-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funkcje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funkcje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Funkcje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funkcje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kościec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kościec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kościec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kościec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Choroby_układu_kostnego" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choroby_układu_kostnego"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Choroby układu kostnego</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choroby_układu_kostnego-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kość</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 158 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Been" title="Been – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Been" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knochen" title="Knochen – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Knochen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="አጥንት – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አጥንት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81n" title="Bān – staroangielski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bān" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroangielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="عظم – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عظم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueso" title="Ueso – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ueso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܓܪܡܐ – aramejski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܪܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ոսկոր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ոսկոր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osu" title="Osu – arumuński" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Osu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94s" title="Ôs – franko-prowansalski" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ôs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-prowansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="হাড় – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হাড়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCesu" title="Güesu – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Güesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskan" title="Oskan – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oskan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangue" title="Kangue – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kangue" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B0" title="Ракьа – awarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракьа" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="awarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27aka" title="Ch'aka – ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ch'aka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCm%C3%BCk" title="Sümük – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sümük" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9" title="سوموک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوموک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="হাড় – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut" title="Kut – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kut" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balung" title="Balung – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Balung" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Һөйәк – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һөйәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Косць – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Косць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Косьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Косьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кост – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boana" title="Boana – bawarski" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Boana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bawarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorn" title="Askorn – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Askorn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os" title="Os – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Os" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83" title="Шăмă – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шăмă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossu" title="Ossu – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ossu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgwrn" title="Asgwrn – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asgwrn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94bili" title="Kɔbili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kɔbili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knogle_(anatomi)" title="Knogle (anatomi) – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knogle (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1kti" title="Dákti – północnolapoński" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Dákti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="północnolapoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knochen" title="Knochen – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knochen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luu" title="Luu – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Οστό – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οστό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hueso" title="Hueso – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hueso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osto" title="Osto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Osto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezur" title="Hezur – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hezur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استخوان – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os" title="Os – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Os" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonke" title="Bonke – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bonke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%A1mh" title="Cnámh – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cnámh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%A0mh" title="Cnàmh – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cnàmh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93so" title="Óso – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Óso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA" title="ТӀехк – inguski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ТӀехк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut-kak" title="Kut-kak – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kut-kak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%BC%88" title="뼈 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뼈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ոսկոր – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսկոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulalo" title="Tulalo – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tulalo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osto" title="Osto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauniq" title="Sauniq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sauniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bein" title="Bein – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D" title="עצם – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balung" title="Balung – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Balung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94%C9%94y%C9%9B" title="Mɔɔyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔɔyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೂಳೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೂಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ძვალი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%DA%88%D9%90%D8%AC%D8%A0" title="أڈِجؠ – kaszmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="أڈِجؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaszmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сүйек – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүйек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorn" title="Askorn – kornijski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Askorn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfupa" title="Mfupa – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfupa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zo" title="Zo – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hest%C3%AE" title="Hestî – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hestî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ТтаркӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ТтаркӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomia_ossis)" title="Os (anatomia ossis) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Os (anatomia ossis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauls" title="Kauls – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kauls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schank" title="Schank – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaulas" title="Kaulas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaok" title="Knaok – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Knaok" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C3%BAwa" title="Mokúwa – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokúwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oso" title="Oso – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oso" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Òs" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csont" title="Csont – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Коска – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolana" title="Taolana – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taolana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF" title="അസ്ഥി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസ്ഥി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ყვილი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="استکا – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1uk-g%C3%A1uk" title="Gáuk-gáuk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáuk-gáuk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Пакарь – moksza" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пакарь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81" title="Яс – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Яс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="အရိုး – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omitl" title="Omitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Omitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui" title="Sui – fidżijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sui" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidżijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot_(anatomie)" title="Bot (anatomie) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bot (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="क्वँय् – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्वँय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knokkel" title="Knokkel – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Knokkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83" title="Лу – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лу" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="ହାଡ଼ – orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafee" title="Lafee – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lafee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyak" title="Suyak – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suyak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਹੱਡੀ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੱਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokel" title="Pokel – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Pokel" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ہڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DA%89%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="هډوکی – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هډوکی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomie)" title="Os (anatomie) – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Os (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullu" title="Tullu – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tullu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Кость – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_(%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3)" title="ᱡᱟᱝ (ᱡᱤᱣ) – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱝ (ᱡᱤᱣ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bane" title="Bane – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bane" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerapo" title="Lerapo – setswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Lerapo" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="setswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocka" title="Kocka – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kocka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossu_(struttura_r%C3%ACggida)" title="Ossu (struttura rìggida) – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ossu (struttura rìggida)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DA%8F%D9%88" title="ھڏو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھڏو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kos%C5%A5" title="Kosť – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laf" title="Laf – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Laf" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ئێسک – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кост – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosti" title="Kosti – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kosti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luu" title="Luu – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_(skelett)" title="Ben (skelett) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ben (skelett)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buto_(anatomiya)" title="Buto (anatomiya) – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buto (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="எலும்பு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலும்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ss" title="Iɣss – tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iɣss" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ess" title="Iɣess – kabylski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣess" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95" title="ఎముక – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎముక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="กระดูก – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดูก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Устухон – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Устухон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemik" title="Kemik – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kemik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungkup" title="Kungkup – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kungkup" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кістка – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кістка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ہڈی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndok" title="Ndok – czuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndok" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="czuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Xương – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom" title="Bom – wolapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bom" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="wolapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxhea" title="Oxhea – waloński" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oxhea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="waloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukog" title="Bukog – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bukog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="骨骼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ביין – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Egungun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Este" title="Este – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Este" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="骨骼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holi-holi" title="Holi-holi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Holi-holi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhlan" title="Tuhlan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tuhlan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Ko%C5%9B%C4%87" rel="discussion" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci" hreflang="pl"><span>Wikicytaty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265868" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy anatomii. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87_(ujednoznacznienie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kość (ujednoznacznienie)">inne znaczenia tego słowa</a>.</span></div><div class="metadata plainlinks mbox mbox-content" tabindex="0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75358068">.mw-parser-output .mbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-left:10px solid var(--color-progressive,#36c);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 10%0.5em 10%;display:grid;padding:.3em;gap:.3em;grid-template-columns:60px 1fr;align-items:center;word-break:break-word}.mw-parser-output .mbox.with-iconright{grid-template-columns:60px 1fr min-content}.mw-parser-output .mbox.without-icon{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mw-parser-output .mbox-iconright,.mw-parser-output .mbox-icon{justify-self:center}.mw-parser-output .mbox-icon img{max-width:100%;object-fit:contain}.mw-parser-output .mbox p{font-size:inherit}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mbox{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media(max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .mbox{width:100%}}@media(max-width:450px){.mw-parser-output .mbox-iconright{grid-row:2;grid-column:1/span 2;justify-self:end}.mw-parser-output .mbox.with-iconright{grid-template-columns:40px 1fr}.mw-parser-output .mbox{grid-template-columns:40px 1fr;font-size:0.85rem}}.mw-parser-output .mbox+.mbox{margin-top:calc(-0.5em + 2px)}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-serious{border-left-color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-content{border-left-color:#f28500}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-notice{border-left-color:var(--color-progressive,#36c)}.mw-parser-output .mbox.mbox-merge{border-left-color:#9932cc}body.ns-6 .mw-parser-output .mbox{width:unset;max-width:unset}</style> <div class="mbox-icon"> <div><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiarygodne_%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82a_(artyku%C5%82y_o_tematyce_medycznej)" title="Wikipedia:Wiarygodne źródła (artykuły o tematyce medycznej)"><img alt="Wikipedia:Wiarygodne źródła (artykuły o tematyce medycznej)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Question_book_Asclepius.svg/50px-Question_book_Asclepius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Question_book_Asclepius.svg/75px-Question_book_Asclepius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Question_book_Asclepius.svg/100px-Question_book_Asclepius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></div></div> <div class="mbox-text"><b>Ten artykuł od 2019-02 wymaga dodania <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiarygodne_%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82a_(artyku%C5%82y_o_tematyce_medycznej)" title="Wikipedia:Wiarygodne źródła (artykuły o tematyce medycznej)">wiarygodnych źródeł medycznych</a> dla zapewnienia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Weryfikowalno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Wikipedia:Weryfikowalność">weryfikowalności</a>.</b><div class="hide-when-compact">Możliwe, że zbyt mocno polega na <a href="/wiki/%C5%B9r%C3%B3d%C5%82o_pierwotne" title="Źródło pierwotne">źródłach pierwotnych</a>. Podane poniżej informacje, mające charakter medyczny, mogą być częściowo lub w całości niepoparte <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Evidence-based medicine">dowodami naukowymi</a>. Jako pozbawione odpowiednich źródeł mogą zostać zakwestionowane i usunięte.<br /><small>Należy podać wiarygodne źródła w formie <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">przypisów</a> bibliograficznych.</small><br /><span style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size:80%">Dokładniejsze informacje o tym, co należy poprawić, być może znajdują się w <a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Ko%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Dyskusja:Kość">dyskusji tego artykułu</a>.</span><br /><span style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size:80%"> Po wyeliminowaniu niedoskonałości należy usunąć szablon <a href="/wiki/Szablon:Dopracowa%C4%87" title="Szablon:Dopracować">{{Dopracować}}</a> z tego artykułu.</span></div></div> </div><p><b>Kość</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <i>os</i>, <a href="/wiki/Liczba_mnoga" title="Liczba mnoga">lm</a> ossa; <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_grecki" title="Język grecki">gr.</a> <i>ostéon</i>) – <a href="/wiki/Narz%C4%85d" title="Narząd">narząd</a> budujący <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_kostny" title="Układ kostny">układ kostny</a>. Nauką zajmującą się kośćmi jest <a href="/wiki/Osteologia" title="Osteologia">osteologia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bone_cross-section-pl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bone_cross-section-pl.svg/300px-Bone_cross-section-pl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bone_cross-section-pl.svg/450px-Bone_cross-section-pl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Bone_cross-section-pl.svg/600px-Bone_cross-section-pl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption> Przekrój przez kość (w okolicy nasady)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budowa">Budowa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Budowa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Budowa"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Histologia" title="Histologia">Histologicznie</a> kość jest narządem złożonym z wielu różnych tkanek. Głównym składnikiem jest <a href="/wiki/Tkanka_kostna" title="Tkanka kostna">tkanka kostna</a>, ale zawiera ona także <a href="/wiki/Tkanka_t%C5%82uszczowa" title="Tkanka tłuszczowa">tkankę tłuszczową</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szpik_kostny" title="Szpik kostny">krwiotwórczą</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tkanka_chrz%C4%99stna" title="Tkanka chrzęstna">chrzęstną</a> i inne. Każda kość pokryta jest <a href="/wiki/Okostna" title="Okostna">okostną</a>, a powierzchnie kości przylegające do siebie w obrębie <a href="/wiki/Staw_(anatomia)" title="Staw (anatomia)">stawu</a> pokrywa <a href="/wiki/Chrz%C4%85stka_stawowa" title="Chrząstka stawowa">chrząstka stawowa</a>. Trzon kości długich, powierzchniowe (korowe) warstwy ich nasad i kości płaskich tworzy <a href="/wiki/Istota_zbita" title="Istota zbita">istota zbita</a>, zaś nasady kości długich, a także wnętrze kości płaskich, różnokształtnych i krótkich zbudowane są z <a href="/wiki/Istota_g%C4%85bczasta" title="Istota gąbczasta">istoty gąbczastej</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Gray232.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gray232.png/300px-Gray232.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Gray232.png 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Kość długa – k. śródręcza (łac. os metacarpale)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ze względu na kształt kości dzieli się na <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci_d%C5%82ugie" title="Kości długie">długie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci_kr%C3%B3tkie" title="Kości krótkie">krótkie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci_p%C5%82askie" title="Kości płaskie">płaskie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci_r%C3%B3%C5%BCnokszta%C5%82tne" title="Kości różnokształtne">różnokształtne</a>. Wyróżnia się także kości zawierające przestrzenie wypełnione powietrzem, tak zwane <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci_pneumatyczne" title="Kości pneumatyczne">kości pneumatyczne</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019189_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019189-2">[2]</a></sup>. Szczególny przypadek stanowią <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87_heterotopowa" title="Kość heterotopowa">kości heterotopowe</a>. </p><p>Pełniejszy podział kości, w oparciu o ich rozwój, budowę i czynności, dzieli je na: </p> <ul><li><b>kości rurowate</b> (powstające w wyniku kostnienia chrzęstnego), kości mające kształt rur (długich lub krótkich) zbudowanych z istoty zbitej i gąbczastej, wypełnione są <a href="/wiki/Szpik_kostny" title="Szpik kostny">szpikiem kostnym</a>; spełniają funkcję podporową, krwiotwórczą i obronną</li> <li><b>kości gąbczaste</b> (powstające w wyniku kostnienia chrzęstnego), zbudowane są z istoty gąbczastej pokrytej istotą zbitą oraz <a href="/wiki/Trzeszczka" class="mw-redirect" title="Trzeszczka">trzeszczki</a>, dzielą się na długie (m.in. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBebra_(anatomia)" title="Żebra (anatomia)">żebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mostek_(anatomia)" title="Mostek (anatomia)">mostek</a>) i krótkie (m.in. <a href="/wiki/Kr%C4%99g" title="Kręg">kręgi</a>), pełnią funkcję krwiotwórczą, stanowią miejsce początku i przyczepu <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99%C5%9Bnie" class="mw-redirect" title="Mięśnie">mięśni</a></li> <li><b>kości płaskie</b> (powstają przez kostnienie chrzęstne lub łącznotkankowe), są zbudowane z istoty gąbczastej lub zbitej, pełnią funkcję osłaniającą i krwiotwórczą.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rozwój"><span id="Rozw.C3.B3j"></span>Rozwój</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Rozwój" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Rozwój"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Osobny artykuł: <a href="/wiki/Osteogeneza" title="Osteogeneza">Osteogeneza</a>.</i></div> <p>Kości powstają w procesie kostnienia, który zaczyna się w życiu <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82%C3%B3d" title="Płód">płodowym</a>, a kończy się po osiągnięciu przez organizm dojrzałości. U człowieka następuje to po 20. roku życia. Kości mają zdolności regeneracyjne, które zmieniają się z wiekiem. U zdrowych, młodych ludzi do 30. roku życia kości są mocne, zawierają dużo składników mineralnych. Wynika to z przeważającej ilości procesów powstawania komórek kostnych (<a href="/wiki/Osteoklast" title="Osteoklast">osteoklastów</a> i <a href="/wiki/Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">osteoblastów</a>). Z kolei po 45. roku życia mogą stawać się kruche (dlatego częściej dochodzi do złamań). W tym wieku przeważają procesy <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amier%C4%87_kom%C3%B3rki" title="Śmierć komórki">wymierania komórek</a>. Ze względu na zakończony proces wzrostu występują trudności w wytworzeniu zrostu z czym np. nie ma problemu u dzieci, kiedy w nasadach kości zachodzi czynny proces wzrostowy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funkcje">Funkcje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Funkcje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Funkcje"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podstawowymi funkcjami kości są: </p> <ul><li>ochrona narządów głębiej leżących (<a href="/wiki/Czaszka" title="Czaszka">czaszka</a> chroni <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3zg" title="Mózg">mózg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klatka_piersiowa" title="Klatka piersiowa">klatka piersiowa</a> chroni <a href="/wiki/Serce" title="Serce">serce</a> i <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82uco" title="Płuco">płuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miednica" title="Miednica">miednica</a> chroni <a href="/wiki/Narz%C4%85dy_rozrodcze" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Narządy rozrodcze">narządy rozrodcze</a>)</li> <li>bierny narząd ruchu – wsparcie dla mięśni – kości <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%84czyna" title="Kończyna">kończyn</a> i obręczy: <a href="/wiki/Obr%C4%99cz_barkowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Obręcz barkowa">barkowej</a> i <a href="/wiki/Obr%C4%99cz_ko%C5%84czyny_dolnej" title="Obręcz kończyny dolnej">miednicznej</a></li> <li>magazyn jonów <a href="/wiki/Wap%C5%84" title="Wapń">wapniowych</a> i fosforanowych w ustroju</li> <li>pośrednio <a href="/wiki/Krwiotworzenie" title="Krwiotworzenie">krwiotwórcza</a> (w kościach znajduje się <a href="/wiki/Szpik_kostny" title="Szpik kostny">szpik kostny</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019187–188_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019187–188-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Narkiewicz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narkiewicz-4">[4]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kościec"><span id="Ko.C5.9Bciec"></span>Kościec</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Kościec" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Kościec"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Osobne artykuły: <a href="/wiki/Szkielet_(anatomia)" title="Szkielet (anatomia)">Szkielet (anatomia)</a> i <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_kostny_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Układ kostny człowieka">Układ kostny człowieka</a>.</i></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png/220px-Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png/330px-Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png/440px-Depiction_of_an_Osteoporosis_patient.png 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>porównanie różnych stanów kości (od góry: kość normalna, osteopenia, osteoporoza)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Choroby_układu_kostnego"><span id="Choroby_uk.C5.82adu_kostnego"></span>Choroby układu kostnego</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Choroby układu kostnego" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Choroby układu kostnego"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krzywica" title="Krzywica">krzywica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomalacja" title="Osteomalacja">osteomalacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopenia" title="Osteopenia">osteopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporoza" title="Osteoporoza">osteoporoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%99kni%C4%99cie_ko%C5%9Bci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pęknięcie kości (strona nie istnieje)">pęknięcie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82amanie" title="Złamanie">złamanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrodzona_%C5%82amliwo%C5%9B%C4%87_ko%C5%9Bci" title="Wrodzona łamliwość kości">wrodzona łamliwość kości</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostniakomi%C4%99sak" title="Kostniakomięsak">kostniakomięsak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrz%C4%99stniakomi%C4%99sak" title="Chrzęstniakomięsak">chrzęstniakomięsak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99sak_Ewinga" title="Mięsak Ewinga">mięsak Ewinga</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/ko%C5%9B%C4%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:kość"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>kość</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87_s%C5%82oniowa" title="Kość słoniowa">kość słoniowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czaszka_i_Ko%C5%9Bci" title="Czaszka i Kości">Czaszka i Kości</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3952384"><i>osteologia</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-04-27]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=osteologia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3952384" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019189-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019189_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFBochenekReicher2019">Bochenek i Reicher 2019 ↓</a></span>, s. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019187–188-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBochenekReicher2019187–188_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFBochenekReicher2019">Bochenek i Reicher 2019 ↓</a></span>, s. 187–188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narkiewicz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Narkiewicz_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Olgierd</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Olgierd" style="display:none">O.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Narkiewicz</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Olgierd</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Olgierd">O.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Janusz</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Janusz" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Moryś</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Janusz</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Janusz">J.</span></span>, <i>Anatomia człowieka. Podręcznik dla studentów. Tom I</i>, wyd. I, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, 2010, s. 25, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788320041064" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788320041064">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-200-4106-4</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.edition=I&rft.aufirst=Olgierd&rft.aulast=Narkiewicz&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-83-200-4106-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Anatomia+cz%C5%82owieka.+Podr%C4%99cznik+dla+student%C3%B3w.+Tom+I&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Lekarskie+PZWL" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book nourl" id="CITEREFBochenekReicher2019"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Adam</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Adam" style="display:none">A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Bochenek</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Adam</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Adam">A.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Michał</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michał" style="display:none">M.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Reicher</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Michał</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Michał">M.</span></span>, <i>Anatomia człowieka. Tom I. Anatomia ogólna. Kości, stawy i więzadła, mięśnie</i>, wyd. XIII, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788320043235" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788320043235">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-200-4323-5</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.edition=XIII&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Bochenek&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-83-200-4323-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Anatomia+cz%C5%82owieka.+Tom+I.+Anatomia+og%C3%B3lna.+Ko%C5%9Bci%2C+stawy+i+wi%C4%99zad%C5%82a%2C+mi%C4%99%C5%9Bnie&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Lekarskie+PZWL" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></li></ul> <div style="border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); color:inherit; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); margin-top: 10px; padding: 7px 10px 4px 15px; text-align:left; font-size:95%; clear:both;" class="zastrzezenia"> <p><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg/20px-Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg/30px-Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg/40px-Medical_Alert_Symbol_Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zastrze%C5%BCenia_dotycz%C4%85ce_poj%C4%99%C4%87_medycznych" title="Wikipedia:Zastrzeżenia dotyczące pojęć medycznych">Przeczytaj ostrzeżenie dotyczące informacji medycznych i pokrewnych zamieszczonych w Wikipedii</a>. </p> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">klasa bytu anatomicznego</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85015539">sh85015539</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4128031-3">4128031-3</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563399">00563399</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935812w">11935812w</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=3132">3132</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph121898">ph121898</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525056">XX525056</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283105705171">987007283105705171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/bone-anatomy">science/bone-anatomy</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/osso">osso</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/os/">os</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=knogle">knogle</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" 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