CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e97165791e3ddb',cH: 'nv0fDrG79zOf7lkyLaM0UJL.bOaIlflsX3I53lwVgE0-1741679237-1.2.1.1-IoWleQ1F3iuiWkHcW6Lf1XwVR3S9BfqoKMakG12qaaKoggszwtLiKBcIJkTYl.t1',cUPMDTk: "\/9997695\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=0tT0r8pw7A7LCVlTttI5r.LbrpR5IAIM5muVhKAj5y4-1741679237-1.0.1.1-O3ym0HYTQPXw1J7H6ZeisJjioUsY20jW1G1FSqcrkjs",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741679237',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9997695\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=0tT0r8pw7A7LCVlTttI5r.LbrpR5IAIM5muVhKAj5y4-1741679237-1.0.1.1-O3ym0HYTQPXw1J7H6ZeisJjioUsY20jW1G1FSqcrkjs",md: "vlVlLulQJgAAd4FaJwPybOIPS1AKzwLg1VOPFf8LVus-1741679237-1.2.1.1-teaiz7.QM_6MhTxsbaYnEi0McfGTYZRK0F6UkVfMzPoZucj6r3i.h8SuhlURjJvDCet6JznCFTUCpetcIBlxJB31plrv_.5ZbACVP4fpbBDfIMmuEECCge2IrBA_54_LC4c6MFj.r4160t3_cq_si4uyDvgikn5JU5comQTM4djVe_2sBM0H5phyy8579aMY6F3Hq.cCiJzv1VNDqIJq2tSE6N0fF7ugPmArVbPebW7Qw_lzXvorvUzhQaLK5XXszLCIbiKmrnzDRZx4xleT6QAeD6iZqgzkdQK8gGpfM82dBX4W0aMH8Hez6y_biQpqPZHRfvTcz9k2ScCR5W6FYNuX_sec3FnO5852yHz2LHfox01OPd4xfJKVLvE5dN9fb93iFjzZ9OB_xeTsitciWrA0u5QWMuc8fa2Z5LhR7YEdu0pf_ZWkpfE.gpipM4lYEKP58ob1mIixnaVcQOY3_Kg4.BTK1E6R.5olrjjo7b6Kv3LvR8Bv7yDQS7GKs78oa8uY4F3WVL7mGY6uSzIT_CZtxg5bM.ndUAgjXXvsnmKc6avnLQZQdEwHdh3shyFOS3uki1lkR8xwIPA.YghCetWCyqX6GwzPKMpe3y6BKb9DWoMP.KAd_ykPyuHYlPuNAmw5N15g4FzrWiTCHTa0dRxS1ebzqTFkHqq0gM_u5lWf7xjKOAdvndFnbd6Xc7KxmhT42IB2ilzBHrbi8jUWZ2V.YCbaxs5Sbf1yZ_2UWrX2MZUChVDJrfb2qfnKDy.dyO4WpLRjOT4CczwEMog0Z3j2LFJymgdUZrgBTM8Z.LalgbSzQWbvsksx0v6jV9_3QqmYz3.ZJRqTXACqbNTOhh98RKpHlBOoDt4qpeMxTCOGc.gmLQYiwSTEXwfwCIsPn469hwDc4sIwgDkw.NwqtmVvqOztDpto6FhfKSjl23jmx8SatLKIrU_m77uCm7gEl6.9AFEaET4QRwjkN754F3QEjkbAlzXHtmjgb7.UCwwhcbZvUaEonxibk9deqFc_ryqDbAQyhjRi1OzslKF4ArOn9e588RFhnWwE1Bf6lhnFiTge4hDCmtM.WUkazTTEtCvNvG1c52TP9ppRB0niL228EMqX00._W1ls9Ri0Udkey8dUCnYK_qs7eB61JOn_taZmQfrnk1aLkb2qMAu9E67DZdWRSuhc16hUQ6kZefpQCmBUs8bVs4w9eJEM.GXrJuhlAH46SZ09HG5DLIDIQA",mdrd: "DlDngdDzfiXemhRSTTGlX4JKr80n2tMSLMo_L5cBmGE-1741679237-1.2.1.1-E42r.W49F3ekqUs119OmC5yd1CXeYehFaCmLVxScIDnksLM4AD9Q1nsSlv5UztWs4bIJI38pimhTPuVpMqAmbNXm3j_YcSQvjEMaqhxUoW4prOkTtXp6LPMVYvhu9.XDPRubkC9t3LeK0p_WHAu4UNu0mY5l.D4tuXks7mNLHmkD2gZasXwvaDezAKUrp7zBqVEnG0njjR.HY6APOCnV0igJjS7me5eStu4UPdCIi6B3JfQUVXfWW_J7Di9FVMl921eBqy9WwzNAFjJMyyG3KdWFFU0XaOWQZ1N.HsMiYKp38Y.VP9HnqjnmeIfPsg7Iw0VchFbsD7bYZyPVKxqiRm9N87YvDLyXrkU3ZMgsE.493hjxdXAKKINgJDau_JXgmSbk3ykPFZBXqzqujmhSKJvtDbLi3VOn.AkQnp6FxKkCNLUt2zGrkltSuwp_KtvOcMzaZ902JXduu.b2YNnp3XtqTSRGJ_C5D1uzkvHuapcatyVqxIDx4aYpZ3Lqy0vx2vI3UXXuMB9x8tk48CXbxfXyiyeuqPiz01FPA5oKrRVRJMp9hFzcOuPf_LdrLYa7LW0yfkGFNd1IcuyrfrnF3x4ygvy4fanjsI3635VfTYIAON_is4OTCEgZOHPwU1Y_nVBgdzDQJQiOjaLFbbVMX91gPViRIPxBFRtlLLT41Mi8Mbuhwl8d_US1Z.iuybd6EvXZwVQu6ZyGjUg5f9C3P8o6z4CiRgGja0.ReM8eDunxkGSbp7ghIRXGwbeV_BhuYpyQXMgtakJllyuSDF3XyxmBUjHHdieVlu40tIF6qrDSPGCxkbmedm1iGtcI.9DO6_F8z05z7g65HdDeUAgdB0YpMkNATgyOZQhe.2U9ge4h9ROF._nWKB3h_Di4bIqdC9SRIwuvoFDJnq4W2FtS5BhFQMdHiwCBmmPuUOxmQy_jYCKx9bA2VJHasuNeuSY6e3_l9TqBp5rm.c_Q37ic5uOPTxGw0AQQZQggflsvkROFuKiLe6c6txcS.LvN_bZPUtGV9vEcjXBvSCn.I0h7hpOw_7PRvyIWQIXdhSe9gyzDY9US1rIX1NDt4nwkBhSYB.OdEXREVPoVrPUdzoZL4XhA_p6HcyuvZFnSXhoMRmkVcdu9n_3KnOrzteoaI_RcmqhCidaVrzZglFn5he6iVEhRZXbesmcmUKdnaEy0.X75Bhdj9qMCUJZdy9y1T3WCG10VKX4NhfpKuA0FG4Xg52LhvuAL4eQ.XIHiazUI209cQRmyTK_HHa.oa4iYb1aYO1JJpV2MjQnYi2i7yEelcrQtQmS8TgfP5TVw2vWpW2PZYfgDDk5ARdAZaGdhMx0TpY526_8FmIjlTx9sK9f3Yb0gnimjPxiZIJ88ixxg7EeIo7aJdqIAcA1_IFwZBhJ0QVeksHesg7mBBgT5pKAF0Rw8qp2Cf.zUbnYBSjKqLDR7ntxW3WBdJKdovVEttL9Le7XAst0R1Wm0UoIfuvPDXPE2ZmvdL4hQ9wuhH5Sl26tOPYD7qZHM1IaC0gPjzDumMGBU_KXwNmhpbuwldHSuQl0sa83EgHLOP09P0IdntSB__dLo8QwBr_cVbt6V.tF3dhrhsZx0ycFIdOlSkLEvJeRAbh8F0Jy3Ft5X4_tXZ4KtFpI8yurpdt0WcbeJ2FDIfDGrVq.kQ1BrtXJAHAtUguRcnk.ZLp9MF1QXxjqZxYGGkp5IaQQXlQU4DqYVxZDP4gblcwgMC5Av.hTUDLq9rryIAUNb2tWOmU3UYd4G0tTCpg0bTrMih_G1iWp9zbdETm56umJER.Q7rsJ1EaM._pl3MVql85dY5XTkCqiDmerXAtKMrCNxZq3y8BopSV84GHQvLnzl7EnVuJcQV2ChatcegAglmbQ_u5Ir26LAyGV46etBDznKDZ4a3e.ag70RFwjF0Br2QkxIhdUM9H83HHdyoUijHohNKYSZLP2PxHaw8cRE7N8zrAOYpdiUrsivGyTJIpqZvNIamJ420XMC81HPnk0IK7QW27GqbRO9FHg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e97165791e3ddb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9997695\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=0tT0r8pw7A7LCVlTttI5r.LbrpR5IAIM5muVhKAj5y4-1741679237-1.0.1.1-O3ym0HYTQPXw1J7H6ZeisJjioUsY20jW1G1FSqcrkjs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>