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class="document-detail-date">15.12.1993 (Wednesday)</div><div class="document-detail-title"><strong itemprop="name"> GATT/Cycle de l'Uruguay: fin de la négociation – premier bilan<br/></strong></div><div class="document-detail-type">Memo (No) • <a href="https://dodis.ch/dds/ArchA#class">confidential</a></div><div><span itemprop="description" class="document-detail-summary">Évaluation des résultats de l’acte final tel que validé à Genève par rapport au mandat fixé par le Conseil fédéral. Cela met un terme à huit années de ce qui s’est avéré être la plus grande négociation commerciale multilatérale de l’histoire.<br/></span></div><div>File reference: <span class="document-details-dossier-reference"><a href="/search?q=2540.1&c=Document&f=originalreference&t=all&cb=doc"><span title="Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research">2540.1</span></a></span></div><div class="cite-box"><strong>How to cite</strong>: <input value="dodis.ch/64443" class="cite-box-link" type="text"/><a class="cite-box-btn">Copy</a><script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $(".cite-box-btn").click(function (event) { var btn = $(event.target); var input = btn.parent('.cite-box').find('input'); input.select(); document.execCommand("copy"); btn.html('Copied'); }); }); </script></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="fundorte"><h2>Printed in</h2><div><div class="document-volume"><div class="clearfix"><div class="float-right"> Sacha Zala et al. (ed.) <h3>Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland, vol. 1993, doc. 60</h3><a class="documents-volume-icon" title="All documents of the volume" href="/search?q=DDS-1993&c=Document&f=Volume&t=all&cb=doc">volume link</a><p style="font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;"> Bern 2024 </p><a target="_blank" href="https://dodis.ch/en/volume-1993">more…</a> | <div style="display: inline-block; margin-top: 0;" class="cite-box">How to cite: <input value="Sacha Zala et al. (ed.), Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland, vol. 1993, doc. 60, dodis.ch/64443, Bern 2024." class="cite-box-link" type="text"/><a class="cite-box-btn">Copy</a><span style="display: none;" class="cite-box-print">Sacha Zala et al. 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Ce sera chose faite au cours de la réunion de l’organe suprême de la négociation, le <a href="http://dodis.ch/R29521" class="tei-orgName" target="">Comité des négociations commerciales (TNC)</a>, qui se réunira cet après-midi à partir de 17h00.<span id="fnref_e705" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e705">2</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title3 tei-title-doc">1. L’évolution de la négociation depuis le 13 décembre 1993<span id="fnref_e1374" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note4"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e1374">3</a></span></div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Depuis lundi, tous les accords ont été finalisés; cette phase du processus a été marquée par les évolutions présentées ci-dessous:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Premièrement, les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis (EU)</a> et l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R9899" class="tei-orgName" target="">Union européenne (UE)</a> ont surmonté les difficultés restantes de la manière suivante:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">1. Les <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">services audio-visuels</span> restent, en principe, soumis aux règles et aux disciplines de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">Accord sur les services</a>, notamment en ce qui concerne la libéralisation progressive. Pourtant, ce secteur a été vidé de sa substance par le fait que la plupart des participants – à la suite de la Communauté – ne prendront pas d’engagements spécifiques et feront recours à des dérogations substantielles à la clause de la nation la plus favorisée. Cette «victoire» de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G13" class="tei-placeName" target="">France</a> en matière audio-visuelle pourrait prendre l’allure de marché de dupes.<span id="fnref_e710" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e710">4</a></span> Les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis</a> ont d’ores et déjà fait savoir qu’ils utiliseraient tous les moyens à leur disposition pour ouvrir les marchés dans ce domaine.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">2. Les <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">services financiers</span> seront soumis à la discipline de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">Accord sur les services</a>. Les engagements entreront en vigueur provisoirement conformément à la clause de la nation la plus favorisée. Cependant, six mois après l’entrée en vigueur de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">Accord sur les services</a>, les engagements pourront être reconsidérés par les participants.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– les services maritimes seront intégrés dans l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">Accord</a>, même si les engagements initiaux resteront modestes à ce stade;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis</a> acceptent l’idée de la création d’une Organisation multilatérale du commerce, même si le mandat de négociation convenu à <a href="http://dodis.ch/G8837" class="tei-placeName" target="">Punta del Este</a> ne prévoyait pas une telle issue;<span id="fnref_e729" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e729">5</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– les négociations sur les aéronefs civils (affaire <a href="http://dodis.ch/R35812" class="tei-orgName" target="">Airbus</a>) se dérouleront dans le cadre du Code sur les aéronefs civils issu du Tokyo Round, donc en dehors du Cycle de l’Uruguay.<span id="fnref_e745" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e745">6</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Deuxièmement, tous les textes ont été présentés mardi après-midi dans un projet de l’Acte final du 13 décembre, comprenant l’Acte final, 30 traités internationaux et 12 décisions et déclarations ministérielles (voir annexe I);<span id="fnref_e3606" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3606">7</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Troisièmement, les dernières difficultés entre exportateurs de produits textiles (<a href="http://dodis.ch/G201" class="tei-placeName" target="">Inde</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/G1433" class="tei-placeName" target="">Pakistan</a>, notamment) et les pays industrialisés ont été aplanies.<span id="fnref_e4255" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e4255">8</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Quatrièmement, le <a href="http://dodis.ch/P69842" class="tei-persName" target="">Président du TNC</a><span id="fnref_e6575" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e6575">9</a></span> pourra constater tout à l’heure que les négociations d’accès au marché sont pratiquement terminées. Toutes les offres qui sont sur la table, dont celle de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a>, sont maintenant définitives.<span id="fnref_e750" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e750">10</a></span> Elles pourront encore être améliorées dans le sens d’une plus grande libéralisation, mais plus aucune concession ne pourra être retirée.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Cinquièmement, la négociation sur les achats publics qui s’est déroulée parallèlement au Round pourra également être conclue aujourd’hui. Elle apportera à la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> une solution comparable à celle de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R18628" class="tei-orgName" target="">EEE</a>, à l’exception de l’applicabilité du Code <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a> aux achats publics de niveau communal.<span id="fnref_e783" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e783">11</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title3 tei-title-doc">2. Bilan préliminaire de la négociation</div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.1 Généralités</div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Au terme de la 7<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">ème</span> année de négociation, le cycle de l’Uruguay s’est terminé sur un succès le 15 décembre 1993.<span id="fnref_e789" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e789">12</a></span> Il constitue la plus grande négociation commerciale de l’histoire et porte sur la plupart des aspects décisifs des échanges, voire de l’activité économique internationale.<span id="fnref_e813" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e813">13</a></span> Cet événement a une triple signification.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Sur le plan politique</span>, il s’agit d’une étape déterminante dans le renforcement de la coopération multilatérale entre 117 nations. Il offre des possibilités de réduire les tensions et l’insécurité au niveau mondial qui se font jour en cette période d’après-guerre froide et d’apaiser les craintes qui pourraient pousser au repli sur soi bien des pays et des régions. En cela, il s’agit d’une importante contribution à la stabilité des relations internationales et donc à la paix mondiale.<span id="fnref_e957" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e957">14</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Sur le plan économique</span>, la conclusion du cycle de l’Uruguay constitue un message clair et positif à l’adresse de tous les opérateurs économiques dans une conjoncture mondiale difficile. À moyen terme, les résultats de la négociation offrent la chance de recréer des possibilités de croissance en insufflant un nouveau dynamisme au système commercial international.<span id="fnref_e977" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e977">15</a></span> Une augmentation significative du revenu mondial résultera non seulement d’une plus grande liberté des échanges de produits industriels et agricoles, mais aussi de services, dont les services financiers. Des estimations récentes de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R600" class="tei-orgName" target="">OCDE</a> chiffrent l’augmentation de revenu mondial que nous pourrions escompter du cycle d’Uruguay à 270 milliards de US$.<span id="fnref_e992" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e992">16</a></span> Une part proportionnelle reviendra à la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a>, pays qui gagne un franc sur deux à l’étranger.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Sur le plan du droit</span>, les résultats de la négociation se traduiront par un renforcement des règles du droit commercial international au bénéfice de tous les acteurs des échanges internationaux. Un système de commerce mondial multilatéral crédible et fonctionnant de manière efficace dans le cadre de règles claires favorisera la prévisibilité des échanges et encouragera les apports de capitaux privés aux industries compétitives sur le plan international. Il s’agit là de conditions propices à la création d’emplois, aujourd’hui très tributaires de la confiance et de l’investissement dans les secteurs d’exportation en expansion.<span id="fnref_e1954" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e1954">17</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Les résultats du cycle de l’Uruguay procureront des avantages substantiels à l’ensemble de l’économie <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a>. Toutefois on ne saurait taire ici les difficultés spécifiques du secteur agricole.<span id="fnref_e2008" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2008">18</a></span> L’indispensable revitalisation de notre économie pourra s’effectuer, dans un contexte global où les marchés seront plus ouverts et les conditions de concurrence améliorées. Tous les secteurs de l’économie devront procéder à des adaptations. Celles-ci seront les plus prononcées dans le secteur agricole. Le train de mesures mis en œuvre ou prévu par le 7<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">ème</span> Rapport sur l’agriculture<span id="fnref_e2064" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2064">19</a></span> devrait permettre de procéder aux réformes de la politique agricole dans le cadre des paramètres définis dans la négociation du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>. Ce processus subit une accélération avec la mise en œuvre des résultats du <a href="https://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.2 Bilan par rapport au projet d’Acte final du 20 décembre 1991<span id="fnref_e2079" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note4"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2079">20</a></span></div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">En deux ans, les résultats ont subi d’importants changements:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Premièrement, avec l’Accord de Blair House et les aménagements dont il a fait l’objet le 6 décembre, avec les clauses <a href="http://dodis.ch/G45" class="tei-placeName" target="">japonaises</a> et <a href="http://dodis.ch/G1423" class="tei-placeName" target="">coréennes</a>, avec – à l’initiative exclusive de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> – une clause de sauvegarde renforcée et l’insertion de la multifonctionnalité dans la clause de continuation, <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">l’accord agricole</span> du 15 décembre est un accord différent du Projet <a href="http://dodis.ch/P26681" class="tei-persName" target="">Dunkel</a>.<span id="fnref_e2102" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2102">21</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Deuxièmement, la dernière ligne droite a été marquée par une meilleure prise en compte des <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">questions de l’environnement</span>. À côté de l’accord agricole (boîte verte et multifonctionnalité), des services (programme de travail sur le thème «services et environnement») de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R34062" class="tei-orgName" target="">propriété intellectuelle</a> (possibilité de refuser l’enregistrement d’un brevet qui porte sur une invention constituant une menace grave pour l’environnement), l’accord sur les subventions industrielles comprend maintenant, dans sa boîte verte, également les subventions pour la protection de l’environnement.<span id="fnref_e2241" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2241">22</a></span> De telles subventions ne peuvent pas faire l’objet de contre-mesures si elles satisfont aux exigences de l’accord. Enfin, le <a href="http://dodis.ch/R29521" class="tei-orgName" target="">TNC</a> va adopter une décision sur un programme de travail commerce-environnement dans tous les domaines de la future <a href="http://dodis.ch/R18497" class="tei-orgName" target="">MTO</a>, avec l’idée de faire adopter à une prochaine <a href="http://dodis.ch/R25946" class="tei-orgName" target="">conférence ministérielle</a> (<a href="http://dodis.ch/G4825" class="tei-placeName" target="">Marrakech</a>, avril 94 ou Conférence de mise en œuvre, début 1995) un mandat de négociation sur ce sujet.<span id="fnref_e3663" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3663">23</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Troisièmement, les revendications <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">des pays en développement</span> les moins avancés ont été prises en compte: le <a href="http://dodis.ch/R29521" class="tei-orgName" target="">TNC</a> devrait adopter un certain nombre de textes qui leur donnent encore plus de flexibilité et qui permettront une action multilatérale au cas où ces pays devaient pâtir de la mise en œuvre des accords du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>.<span id="fnref_e2273" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2273">24</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Quatrièmement, l’<span class="tei-emph tei-emph"><a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">accord sur les services</a></span> a connu une métamorphose: le principe fondamental que tous les secteurs seront couverts est battu en brèche par l’exclusion des services audiovisuels. Les dérogations à la clause de la nation la plus favorisée (clause MFN) seront plus nombreuses que prévues. Même la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a>, défenseur d’une MFN forte, a dû présenter une longue liste d’exceptions;<span id="fnref_e2286" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2286">25</a></span> en raison du rejet de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R18628" class="tei-orgName" target="">EEE</a>, elle n’a plus pu invoquer la disposition sur l’intégration régionale qui lui aurait permis de conclure, sous le couvert d’une clause générale, des accords préférentiels avec les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">EU</a> en matière de services.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Voici en bref les résultats par groupes de thèmes:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.2.1 L’accès au marché industriel<span id="fnref_e3024" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note4"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3024">26</a></span></div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Les listes de concessions officielles définitives ne seront pas disponibles avant quelques semaines. Les résultats tels qu’il se présentent à l’issue des consultations ne sont cependant pas susceptibles de modifications importantes.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">a) Les contributions des PVD</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Le résultat est satisfaisant pour ce qui concerne les pays nouvellement industrialisés. C’est ainsi que la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G1423" class="tei-placeName" target="">Corée du Sud</a> effectuera une réduction de plus de 40% du niveau de ses droits de douane. De même, la majorité du tarif de <a href="http://dodis.ch/G53" class="tei-placeName" target="">Singapour</a> sera consolidé à 10% et <a href="http://dodis.ch/G52" class="tei-placeName" target="">Hong Kong</a> appliquera des droits nuls à 35% de ses tarifs.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Les pays d’<a href="http://dodis.ch/G983" class="tei-placeName" target="">Amérique latine</a> ont complété leur abaissement de droits de douane par une consolidation de réductions tarifaires substantielle, les droits de douane maximum variant entre 25 et 35% suivant les pays.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Dans les dernières semaines de la négociation, il a également été possible d’amener les PVD <a href="http://dodis.ch/G47" class="tei-placeName" target="">asiatiques</a> les plus importants à des réductions tarifaires significatives. Alors que des droits de douane de l’ordre de 100% n’étaient pas exceptionnels jusqu’ici dans cette partie du monde, ils varieront en général dans la zone entre 10% et 30% en <a href="http://dodis.ch/G822" class="tei-placeName" target="">Malaisie</a> et en <a href="http://dodis.ch/G202" class="tei-placeName" target="">Thaïlande</a>,<span id="fnref_e2290" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2290">27</a></span> et entre 25 et 40% en <a href="http://dodis.ch/G201" class="tei-placeName" target="">Inde</a>.<span id="fnref_e3676" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3676">28</a></span> C’est à 40% et à 50% respectivement, que l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/G49" class="tei-placeName" target="">Indonésie</a> et les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G46" class="tei-placeName" target="">Philippines</a> ont fixé leurs taux plafonds.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">b) L’effort tarifaire des autres pays industrialisés</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Proportionnellement, l’effort tarifaire de nos partenaires industrialisés est sans doute plus limité. Cependant, les réductions consenties par les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis</a> réduisent substantiellement (37% en moyenne) la charge tarifaire des exportations <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisses</a>. Le <a href="http://dodis.ch/G45" class="tei-placeName" target="">Japon</a> sortira du Cycle avec des tarifs douaniers parmi les plus bas du monde et une réduction pondérée de près de 60% dans laquelle certaines crêtes, notamment dans les secteurs du cuir et de la chaussure, sont inclues. La réduction moyenne du <a href="http://dodis.ch/G230" class="tei-placeName" target="">Canada</a> est de l’ordre de 50%, celles de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/G203" class="tei-placeName" target="">Australie</a> et de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G218" class="tei-placeName" target="">Nouvelle Zélande</a> excèdent les 40%.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Le résultat s’inscrit dans le cadre du mandat du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.<span id="fnref_e3688" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note3 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3688">29</a></span></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.2.2 Le commerce des services<span id="fnref_e3055" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note4"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3055">30</a></span></div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">L’élaboration et l’adoption au niveau multilatéral d’un cadre de règles qui constitue un accord de libéralisation, par l’intermédiaire du principe de la nation la plus favorisée et le retour périodique de cycles de négociations multilatérales, paraissaient inespérées au début de la négociation. Objet de peu de disciplines au niveau multilatéral et certainement pas d’accords de libéralisation, le domaine des services est soumis, partout dans le monde, à des réglementations nationales arbitraires qui peuvent constituer autant de barrières au commerce. Pour la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a>, qui est déjà le cinquième exportateur au monde, le potentiel d’expansion dans ce secteur est considérable.<span id="fnref_e2302" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2302">31</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">De plus, au prix d’un effort de négociation d’autant plus important que la matière était nouvelle, il a été possible d’amener 90 pays de toutes les régions du monde à prendre des engagements de libéralisation concrets.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Le résultat s’inscrit dans le cadre du mandat du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.2.3 La réforme du système multilatéral</div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Augmenter la sécurité juridique et réaliser le postulat des conditions égales de concurrence («gleich lange Spiesse») étaient les objectifs de cette négociation. Elle a abouti aux résultats suivants:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– une clause de sauvegarde plus opérationnelle;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– des règles et disciplines plus précises dans les <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">subventions industrielles</span>, l’<span class="tei-emph tei-emph">antidumping</span>, etc.;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– des consolidations des tarifs des pays en développement;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– une profonde réforme du système de règlement des différends du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a> accroît la probabilité que les règles soient effectivement respectées et améliore les moyens de défense des parties lésées en rendant plus automatiques l’institution des panels, l’adoption des rapports et l’autorisation de sanctions.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Ces résultats s’inscrivent dans le cadre du mandat du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.2.4 La propriété intellectuelle</div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Dans le domaine des droits de propriété intellectuelle, les normes de protection de même que, parfois, l’accès des titulaires étrangers aux voies de recours, sont réglementés sur le plan international par les accords de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R15614" class="tei-orgName" target="">OMPI</a>, depuis parfois plus de 100 ans. Cependant, ces accords ne comportent pas dans la pratique la possibilité d’obtenir la mise en œuvre effective des obligations contractées en raison de l’absence de sanctions.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">L’accord <a href="http://dodis.ch/R34062" class="tei-orgName" target="">TRIPs</a>, issu du Cycle de l’Uruguay réalise un compromis satisfaisant entre, d’une part, un niveau ambitieux de discipline pour la presque totalité des droits de propriété intellectuelle et, d’autre part, le respect de la diversité des ordres juridiques des participants en renonçant à la formulation détaillée de normes. Un autre apport réside dans sa soumission au système règlement des différends du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>, si bien que des sanctions au niveau des États pourraient être prises sur le plan commercial dans l’hypothèse où une partie n’assurerait pas, sur son territoire, le respect de normes et l’accès aux voies de recours auxquels elle s’est engagée en souscrivant à l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R34062" class="tei-orgName" target="">Accord TRIPs</a>.<span id="fnref_e2376" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2376">32</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Ce résultat s’inscrit dans le cadre du mandat du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title7 tei-title-doc">2.2.5 L’agriculture<span id="fnref_e3075" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note4"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3075">33</a></span></div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Sommairement, le résultat agricole peut être résumé et qualifié de la manière suivante:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Dans l’<span class="tei-emph tei-emph">accès au marché</span>, la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> a, conformément au mandat du 6 décembre, présenté une offre où toutes les catégories de produits sont tarifiées. La <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> sera ainsi en conformité avec l’accord agricole. Cette démarche a eu pour conséquence:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– que la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> n’a plus besoin d’offrir un accès au marché supplémentaire pour les produits nouvellement tarifés (produits laitiers, viandes, fruits et légumes);</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– que la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> a pu obtenir – seule et sans l’appui d’autres pays intéressés, comme les pays de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R10096" class="tei-orgName" target="">AELE</a> par exemple – une <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">clause de sauvegarde qui couvre la situation de son propre marché</span>, et ajouter la dimension multifonctionnelle des politiques agricoles dans la <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">clause de continuation</span>. Cela signifie que le libre-échange agricole ne pourra pas être l’objectif du prochain Round. Avec la réalisation de ces deux objectifs de négociation, la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> a atteint deux de ses priorités essentielles dans la négociation agricole;<span id="fnref_e2432" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2432">34</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– que la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> a pu obtenir, au terme d’un arrangement confidentiel avec les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis</a>, une acceptation de la méthode d’agrégation des produits pour l’accès courant.<span id="fnref_e3709" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3709">35</a></span> Ainsi, nous n’avons pas besoin d’importer substantiellement plus de beurre ou de pommes de terre. Cette méthode devra toutefois encore passer l’épreuve de la vérification des listes entre le 15 février et le 15 mars 1994.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Ces résultats s’inscrivent dans le cadre du mandat du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Dans le <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">soutien interne</span>, il est désormais possible de réduire le soutien interne soumis à une réduction de 20% non plus produit par produit, mais globalement, ce qui donne une plus grande flexibilité.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Ces résultats s’inscrivent dans le cadre du mandat du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Dans les <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">subventions à l’exportation</span>, il n’a pas été possible d’obtenir une flexibilisation sensible des modalités pour réduire le volume des produits subventionnés exportés de 21%. Nous avons l’intention, sous réserve de contestation au moment de la procédure de vérification des listes entre le 15 février et le 15 mars 1994, de ne pas inscrire d’étapes de réduction durant la période transitoire de six ans, afin de garder suffisamment de flexibilité pour décider du moment de cette réduction en conformité avec les progrès réalisés sur le plan des réformes internes de la politique agricole.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Au terme d’un arrangement officiel avec les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis</a>,<span id="fnref_e3713" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e3713">36</a></span> cet engagement sera assoupli notamment grâce à la méthode et agrégation des produits choisis.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Ce résultat est conforme au mandat de négociation du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a>.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Dans la négociation agricole, la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> a réalisé les objectifs suivants:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– la reconnaissance de la multifonctionnalité dans l’accord et dans la clause de continuation;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– une clause de sauvegarde couvrant la situation du marché <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a>;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– une boîte verte permettant le maintien et le développement des paiements directs;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– le maintien d’une protection substantielle à la frontière, malgré l’introduction de la tarification immédiate et sans exceptions;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– l’agrégation des produits dans les engagements d’accès courant (sous réserve de la procédure de vérification des listes).</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Elle n’a pas atteint l’objectif suivant:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– la suppression de l’engagement de réduire les quantités exportées avec des subventions. La <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> était totalement isolée sur ce point.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">La <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> a renoncé à l’exigence de la tarification avec mise en œuvre reportée pour certains produits, car cette approche aurait eu un prix sous forme d’engagements d’accès au marché bien plus élevés comme le montre l’exemple du <a href="http://dodis.ch/G45" class="tei-placeName" target="">Japon</a> (4% à 8% d’importation de riz). Elle a également renoncé à insister sur l’extension du délai de transition, étant donné les progrès dans la réforme agricole et le prolongement de la négociation.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"><span class="tei-emph tei-emph">Globalement, le résultat dans le domaine agricole doit être considéré comme acceptable, malgré certaines rigueurs pour notre agriculture.</span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title3 tei-title-doc">3. Activités immédiates</div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Sur le <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">plan du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a></span>, il s’agit de:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– finaliser la négociation «accès au marché»;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– procéder, d’ici le 15 mars, à la vérification juridique des textes;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– procéder à la vérification des listes (nationales) de concessions (sont-elles conformes aux textes ?). Cette vérification aura lieu entre le 15 février et le 15 mars;</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– préparer un programme de travail pour la période qui suivra la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R25946" class="tei-orgName" target="">Réunion ministérielle</a> finale de <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4825" class="tei-placeName" target="">Marrakech</a>, soit la période du 15 avril 1994 jusqu’en 1995.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">Sur le <span class="tei-emph tei-emph">plan interne</span>, il s’agit de:</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– procéder immédiatement à une information détaillée sur le Round, ses résultats et son impact positif pour la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a>;<span id="fnref_e2449" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2449">37</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– préparer les messages à l’attention des <a href="http://dodis.ch/R944" class="tei-orgName" target="">Chambres</a> et les modifications du droit interne liées à l’acceptation des résultats du Round;<span id="fnref_e2482" style="display:inline-block" class="tei-note2 tei-note"><a class="note" rel="footnote" href="#fn_e2482">38</a></span></p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">– préparer les contributions <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisses</a> aux prochaines activités du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>.</p> <p class="tei-p tei-p"> <div class="tei-title3 tei-title-doc">4. Appréciation</div> </p> <p class="tei-p tei-p">La <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> avait proposé dès les premiers préparatifs du Round, en 1982, que le <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a> s’engage dans des négociations qui aboutissent à des résultats substantiels dans le domaine de l’accès au marché, dans la réforme des règles et le fonctionnement du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>. Ces objectifs sont atteints. Le résultat est considérable. La <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> pourra dire «oui» à ces résultats cet après-midi. Il s’agit maintenant d’intensifier nos efforts pour convaincre l’opinion publique de la qualité de ces résultats. Tel est le défi que nous devons relever dès aujourd’hui.</p> </div> <div class="footnotes"> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e305"> <dt class="fn-number">1</dt> <dd class="fn-content"><span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7001C#2001/86#1102* (2540-1)</span>. Cette note d’information du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> au <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> est signée par le Chef du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a>, le Conseiller fédéral <a href="http://dodis.ch/P31665" class="tei-persName" target="">Jean-Pascal Delamuraz</a>. Elle est rédigée collectivement par l’équipe chargée des négociations sous la responsabilité du Délégué du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> aux accords commerciaux pour le commerce mondial, l’Ambassadeur <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24540" class="tei-persName" target="">Pierre-Louis Girard</a>, qui se trouve à <a href="http://dodis.ch/G28" class="tei-placeName" target="">Genève</a> pour la dernière phase des négociations du cycle de l’Uruguay. L’équipe de négociation <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a> se compose, entre autres, du Chef de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R25330" class="tei-orgName" target="">Division Commerce mondial, GATT de l’Office fédéral des affaires économiques extérieures (OFAEE) du DFEP</a>, le Ministre <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24564" class="tei-persName" target="">Luzius Wasescha</a>, du Directeur adjoint de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R522" class="tei-orgName" target="">Office fédéral de la propriété intellectuelle (OFPI) du DFJP</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/P56959" class="tei-persName" target="">Thomas Cottier</a>, pour la partie <a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATS</a>, et du Vice-directeur de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R88" class="tei-orgName" target="">OFAEE</a> <a href="http://dodis.ch/P50801" class="tei-persName" target="">Oscar Zosso</a>, en charge de la politique économique extérieure autonome, de l’industrie et de la technologie, pour la partie accès au marché et la partie agricole. Lors de la 41<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">ème</span> et dernière séance du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> du 22 décembre 1993, les résultats positifs des négociations et la conclusion de celle-ci sont salués par le Président de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R28" class="tei-orgName" target="">Confédération</a> <a href="http://dodis.ch/P31966" class="tei-persName" target="">Adolf Ogi</a>, Chef du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R537" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFTCE</a>, cf. <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E1003-01#2006/306#1* (322.3)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e305">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e705"> <dt class="fn-number">2</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour la déclaration du Chef de la délégation <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a>, l’Ambassadeur <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24540" class="tei-persName" target="">Girard</a>, lors de la session de clôture du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R29521" class="tei-orgName" target="">comité de négociations commerciales</a> du 15 décembre 1993, cf. <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#599* (787.3)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e705">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e1374"> <dt class="fn-number">3</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Les négociateurs et négociatrices en chef de chaque pays se réunissent à <a href="http://dodis.ch/G28" class="tei-placeName" target="">Genève</a> lors de la semaine du 6 au 13 décembre 1993 pour clotûrer les négociations. Le projet d’acte final issu de cette dernière phase doit ensuite être approuvé le 15 décembre, cf. le PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e1374">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e710"> <dt class="fn-number">4</dt> <dd class="fn-content">À propos des revendications <a href="http://dodis.ch/G13" class="tei-placeName" target="">françaises</a> concernant la libéralisation du domaine audiovisuel, cf. la notice du Ministre <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24564" class="tei-persName" target="">Wasescha</a> du 27 mai 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64432" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64432</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e710">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e729"> <dt class="fn-number">5</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur les discussions concernant la création d’une Organisation multilatérale du commerce, cf. la compilation <a href="https://dodis.ch/C2294" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/C2294</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e729">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e745"> <dt class="fn-number">6</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. le <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Message relatif aux résultats des négociations commerciales multilatérales tenues sous l’égide du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a> (Tokyo-Round)</span> du 24 septembre 1979, <a href="https://dodis.ch/65580" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/65580</a>, point 351, pp. 71–73, et le texte original de l’accord pp. 519–526.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e745">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3606"> <dt class="fn-number">7</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour un aperçu de l’acte final adopté par la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> et soumis au <a href="http://dodis.ch/R944" class="tei-orgName" target="">Parlement</a>, cf. le projet d’arrêté fédéral joint au <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Message relatif à l’approbation des accords du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>/<a href="http://dodis.ch/R18497" class="tei-orgName" target="">OMC</a> (Cycle de l’Uruguay)</span> du 19 septembre 1994, <a href="https://dodis.ch/66128" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/66128</a>, pp. 423–995.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3606">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e4255"> <dt class="fn-number">8</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. à ce sujet le télex du Ministre <a href="http://dodis.ch/P16245" class="tei-persName" target="">Oscar Knapp</a> de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R104" class="tei-orgName" target="">Ambassade de Suisse à Washington</a> du 24 novembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64442" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64442</a>, p. 4.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e4255">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e6575"> <dt class="fn-number">9</dt> <dd class="fn-content"><a href="http://dodis.ch/P69842" class="tei-persName" target="">Peter Sutherland</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e6575">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e750"> <dt class="fn-number">10</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour l’offre finale <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a>, cf. la proposition du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> du 3 décembre 1993, pp. 4–9, PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e750">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e783"> <dt class="fn-number">11</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur les achats publics, cf. la proposition du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> du 3 décembre, p. 13, PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>, et la proposition du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> du 30 juin 1993, point 2, PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 1304 du 30 juin 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64247" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64247</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e783">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e789"> <dt class="fn-number">12</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur l’ensemble des négociations, cf. la compilation thématique <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Cycle de l’Uruguay (1986–1994)</span>, <a href="https://dodis.ch/T1419" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/T1419</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e789">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e813"> <dt class="fn-number">13</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour une évaluation de la portée du cycle de l’Uruguay, cf. notamment le procès-verbal du 1<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">er</span> octobre 1993 de la séance du 19 et 20 août 1993 de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R34472" class="tei-orgName" target="">Commission de l’économie et des redevances du Conseil des États</a>, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64388" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64388</a>, et le procès-verbal du 15 novembre 1993 de la séance du 1<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">er</span> et 2 août 1993 de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R478" class="tei-orgName" target="">Commission de politique extérieure du Conseil national</a>, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64378" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64378</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e813">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e957"> <dt class="fn-number">14</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. à ce propos le chapitre <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">413. L’accroissement de la prospérité commune</span> du <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Rapport sur la politique extérieure de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> dans les années 90</span> du 29 novembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/54677" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/54677</a>, pp. 179–184. Dans ce chapitre, l’importance du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a> en tant qu’instrument multilatéral de résolution des conflits commerciaux est soulignée et remise dans son contexte.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e957">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e977"> <dt class="fn-number">15</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. à ce sujet le discours du Conseiller fédéral <a href="http://dodis.ch/P31665" class="tei-persName" target="">Delamuraz</a> du 20 août 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/55896" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/55896</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e977">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e992"> <dt class="fn-number">16</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur les attentes de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R600" class="tei-orgName" target="">OCDE</a> vis-à-vis de la réussite du cycle de l’Uruguay, cf. la notice du Chef de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R26806" class="tei-orgName" target="">Section OCDE de l’OFAEE</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24561" class="tei-persName" target="">Harold Stingelin</a>, du 7 juin 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64707" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64707</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e992">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e1954"> <dt class="fn-number">17</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Dès le début de la négociation, la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> fait du domaine des règles commerciales un des points forts de sa stratégie de négociations. Il s’agit même de la première des six priorités stratégiques fixées par le Délégué du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> aux accords commerciaux, l’Ambassadeur <a href="http://dodis.ch/P38126" class="tei-persName" target="">David de Pury</a>, après la réunion de <a href="http://dodis.ch/G15883" class="tei-placeName" target="">Puerto Vallarta</a>, cf. DDS 1990, doc. 20, <a href="https://dodis.ch/54816" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/54816</a>. Cf. aussi le facsimilé <a href="https://dodis.ch/54822" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/54822</a>, point <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">II. 4. Regeln</span>, et <a href="https://dodis.ch/58352" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/58352</a>, p. 3.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e1954">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2008"> <dt class="fn-number">18</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur les craintes et l’opposition des milieux agricoles <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisses</a> aux accords du cycle de l’Uruguay, cf. DDS 1990, doc. 36, <a href="https://dodis.ch/54935" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/54935</a>, ainsi que le procès-verbal particulier II du 15 novembre 1993 de la séance de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R478" class="tei-orgName" target="">Commission de politique extérieure du Conseil national</a> du 1<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">er</span> et 2 novembre 1993, en particulier l’exposé <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">3.4 Aus der Sicht der Landwirtschaft</span>, du Directeur de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R508" class="tei-orgName" target="">Union suisse des paysans</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/P60378" class="tei-persName" target="">Melchior Ehrler</a>, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64378" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64378</a>, pp. 19–22. Cf. également la note complémentaire du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> du 3 décembre 1993, PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>, annexe.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2008">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2064"> <dt class="fn-number">19</dt> <dd class="fn-content"><span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Septième rapport sur la situation de l’agriculture <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a> et la politique agricole de la </span><a href="http://dodis.ch/R28" class="tei-orgName" target=""><span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Confédération</span></a> du 27 janvier 1992, FF, 1992, II, pp. 140–567.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2064">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2079"> <dt class="fn-number">20</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour une évaluation du projet d’acte final du 20 décembre 1991, cf. la note d’information du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> au <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> du 28 décembre 1991, <a href="https://dodis.ch/58352" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/58352</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2079">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2102"> <dt class="fn-number">21</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur l’accord de Blair House, cf. la note d’information du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> au <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> du 24 novembre 1992, <a href="https://dodis.ch/62108" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/62108</a>. Sur les exceptions <a href="http://dodis.ch/G45" class="tei-placeName" target="">japonaises</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/G1423" class="tei-placeName" target="">coréennes</a> et <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisses</a> en matière de libéralisation agricole, cf. la proposition du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> du 3 décembre 1993, pp. 9–11, PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>. Concrètement, <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">«l’insertion de la multifonctionnalité dans la clause de continuation»</span> signifie que l’agriculture <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a> se voit reconnaître légalement, dans l’acte final du cycle de l’Uruguay et dans les développements de celui-ci, non seulement des aspects marchands – et donc soumis aux règles de libéralisation du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a> – mais également des aspects sécuritaires, environnementaux et démographiques, ceux-ci n’étant pas soumis aux règles du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>. Sur le projet <a href="http://dodis.ch/P26681" class="tei-persName" target="">Dunkel</a>, cf. la note d’information du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> au <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> du 28 décembre 1991, <a href="https://dodis.ch/58352" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/58352</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2102">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2241"> <dt class="fn-number">22</dt> <dd class="fn-content">S’il n’y a pas à proprement parler de secteur de négociation sur l’environnement dans le cycle de l’Uruguay, les différents secteurs de négociation contiennent des <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">«boites vertes»</span> – ou <span class="tei-orig tei-orig">«green box»</span> – au sein desquelles sont négociées des mesures environnementales, cf. le dossier <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#626* (788.12)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2241">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3663"> <dt class="fn-number">23</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur la conférence de <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4825" class="tei-placeName" target="">Marrakech</a> d’avril 1994, cf. la compilation <a href="https://dodis.ch/C2480" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/C2480</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3663">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2273"> <dt class="fn-number">24</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. à ce sujet le dossier <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#588* (786.04)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2273">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2286"> <dt class="fn-number">25</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour la liste des exceptions soumise par la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a> le 15 décembre 1993, cf. <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#617* (787.5)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2286">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3024"> <dt class="fn-number">26</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cette partie est très probablement rédigée par le Vice-directeur de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R88" class="tei-orgName" target="">OFAEE</a> <a href="http://dodis.ch/P50801" class="tei-persName" target="">Zosso</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3024">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2290"> <dt class="fn-number">27</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G822" class="tei-placeName" target="">Malaisie</a> et la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G202" class="tei-placeName" target="">Thaïlande</a>, cf. DDS 1993, doc. 49, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64330" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64330</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2290">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3676"> <dt class="fn-number">28</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/G201" class="tei-placeName" target="">Inde</a>, cf. <a href="https://dodis.ch/59746" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/59746</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3676">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3688"> <dt class="fn-number">29</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Pour le mandat de négociation, cf. le PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3688">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3055"> <dt class="fn-number">30</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cette partie, ainsi que les deux parties suivantes 2.2.3 et 2.2.4, sont très probablement rédigées par le Directeur adjoint de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R522" class="tei-orgName" target="">OFPI</a> <a href="http://dodis.ch/P56959" class="tei-persName" target="">Cottier</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3055">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2302"> <dt class="fn-number">31</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur l’importance de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R35426" class="tei-orgName" target="">accord sur les services</a> pour la <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">Suisse</a>, notamment sur les services financiers, cf. l’exposé du Secrétaire général de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R14" class="tei-orgName" target="">Association suisse des banquiers</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/P40077" class="tei-persName" target="">Jean-Paul Chapuis</a>, dans le procès-verbal particulier II du 15 novembre 1993 de la séance de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R478" class="tei-orgName" target="">Commission de politique extérieure du Conseil national</a> du 1<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">er</span> et 2 novembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64378" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64378</a>, pp. 15–19.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2302">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2376"> <dt class="fn-number">32</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Sur la protection de la propriété intellectuelle et des brevets et son importance pour l’industrie chimique <a href="http://dodis.ch/G4" class="tei-placeName" target="">suisse</a> notamment, cf. l’exposé du Président de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R610" class="tei-orgName" target=""> Société suisse des industries chimiques</a>, <a href="http://dodis.ch/P62702" class="tei-persName" target="">Andres Leuenberger</a>, dans le procès-verbal particulier II du 15 novembre 1993 de la séance de la <a href="http://dodis.ch/R478" class="tei-orgName" target="">Commission de politique extérieure du Conseil national</a> du 1<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">er</span> et 2 novembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64378" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64378</a>, pp. 11–15.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2376">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3075"> <dt class="fn-number">33</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cette partie est très probablement rédigée par le Vice-directeur <a href="http://dodis.ch/P50801" class="tei-persName" target="">Zosso</a> ou par le Chef de la Section Application des règles, <a href="http://dodis.ch/P60128" class="tei-persName" target="">Christian Häberli</a>, qui rédige tous les documents préparatoires de la team agricole de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R88" class="tei-orgName" target="">OFAEE</a>, cf. le dossier <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#605* (787.4.5)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3075">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2432"> <dt class="fn-number">34</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. à ce propos la lettre de l’<a href="http://dodis.ch/R508" class="tei-orgName" target="">Union suisse des paysans</a> au <a href="http://dodis.ch/R6" class="tei-orgName" target="">Conseil fédéral</a> du 13 avril 1992, <a href="https://dodis.ch/62309" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/62309</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2432">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3709"> <dt class="fn-number">35</dt> <dd class="fn-content">À propos de la négociation restreinte avec les <a href="http://dodis.ch/G11" class="tei-placeName" target="">États-Unis</a> sur la clause de sauvegarde agricole, cf. la proposition du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R61" class="tei-orgName" target="">DFEP</a> du 3 décembre 1993, p. 2, dans les annexes du PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 2304 du 6 décembre 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/63977" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/63977</a>, ainsi que la notice du Ministre <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24564" class="tei-persName" target="">Wasescha</a> du 29 novembre 1993, <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#605* (787.4.5)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3709">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e3713"> <dt class="fn-number">36</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Cf. la notice du Ministre <a href="http://dodis.ch/P24564" class="tei-persName" target="">Wasescha</a> du 29 novembre 1993, <span class="tei-idno tei-idno">CH-BAR#E7113A#2001/193#605* (787.4.5)</span>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e3713">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2449"> <dt class="fn-number">37</dt> <dd class="fn-content">Dans ce sens, le <a href="http://dodis.ch/R31674" class="tei-orgName" target="">Service de presse et d’information du DFEP</a> est renforcé durant l’année 1993 d’un poste, cf. le PVCF N<span class="tei-hi1 tei-hi1">o</span> 1148 du 14 juin 1993, <a href="https://dodis.ch/64194" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/64194</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2449">↩</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="footnote" id="fn_e2482"> <dt class="fn-number">38</dt> <dd class="fn-content"><span class="tei-orig tei-orig">Message relatif à l’approbation des accords du <a href="http://dodis.ch/R1534" class="tei-orgName" target="">GATT</a>/<a href="http://dodis.ch/R18497" class="tei-orgName" target="">OMC</a> (Cycle d’Uruguay)</span> du 19 septembre 1994, <a href="https://dodis.ch/66128" class="tei-ref7" target="">dodis.ch/66128</a>.<a class="fn-back" href="#fnref_e2482">↩</a></dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div><button class="btn btn-block btn-large btn-lg attachment-preview-button"><span class="attachment-preview-button-expand"><i class="icon-arrow-down icon-black"></i></span><span class="attachment-preview-button-shrink"><i class="icon-arrow-up icon-black"></i></span></button></div></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> var AttachmentHTML = function(outerWrapper) { var wrapper = outerWrapper.find('.attachment-wrapper'); var preview = outerWrapper.find('.attachment-preview'); var zoomIn = outerWrapper.find('.attachment-preview-zoom-in'); var zoomOut = outerWrapper.find('.attachment-preview-zoom-out'); var 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href="66305">http://dodis.ch/66305</a></td><td> see also </td><td> http://dodis.ch/64443 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="span3"><div><div class="region-sidebar-second"><div style="margin-top:20px;" class="block"><h2>Tags</h2></div><p><span class="document-detail-tags main"> <strong><a class='tag ' href='/T1419'>Uruguay Round (1986–1994)</a></strong> </span></p><p><span class="document-detail-tags"> </span></p><div style="margin-top:10px;" class="block"><h2>Persons</h2></div><div><span id="anc_pau"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Author</h6><a href="/P56959" class="tag">Cottier, Thomas (1950–)</a><a href="/P24540" class="tag">Girard, Pierre-Louis (1942–)</a><a href="/P24564" class="tag">Wasescha, Luzius (1946–2016)</a><a href="/P50801" class="tag">Zosso, Oscar (1942–)</a></span></div><div><span id="anc_ps"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Signatory</h6><a href="/P31665" class="tag">Delamuraz, Jean-Pascal (1936–1998)</a></span></div><div></div><div><span id="anc_pm"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Mentioned</h6><a href="/P26681" class="tag">Dunkel, Arthur (1932–2005)</a><a href="/P69842" class="tag">Sutherland, Peter (1946–2018)</a></span></div><div></div><div style="margin-top:10px;" class="block"><h2>Organizations</h2></div><div><span id="anc_oau"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Author</h6><a href="/R61" class="tag">Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research</a></span></div><div><span id="anc_oad"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Addressee</h6><a href="/R6" class="tag">Swiss Federal Council</a></span></div><div><span id="anc_om"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Mentioned</h6><a href="/R34062" class="tag">Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights</a><a href="/R35812" class="tag">Airbus SE</a><a href="/R18628" class="tag">European Economic Area</a><a href="/R10096" class="tag">European Free Trade Association</a><a href="/R9899" class="tag">European Union</a><a href="/R944" class="tag">Federal Assembly</a><a href="/R25946" class="tag">GATT/Council</a><a href="/R29521" class="tag">GATT/Trade Negotiations Committee</a><a href="/R1534" class="tag">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a><a href="/R35426" class="tag">General Agreement on Trade in Services</a><a href="/R600" class="tag">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a><a href="/R15614" class="tag">World Intellectual Property Organization</a><a href="/R18497" class="tag">World Trade Organization</a></span></div><div></div><div style="margin-top:10px;" class="block"><h2>Geographical terms</h2></div><div><span id="anc_plo"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Author</h6><a href="/G43" class="tag">Bern</a></span></div><div></div><div><span id="anc_plm"><h6 class="region-sidebarsubtitle">Mentioned</h6><a href="/G47" class="tag">Asia</a><a href="/G203" class="tag">Australia</a><a href="/G230" class="tag">Canada</a><a href="/G13" class="tag">France</a><a href="/G52" class="tag">Hong Kong</a><a href="/G201" class="tag">India</a><a href="/G49" class="tag">Indonesia</a><a href="/G45" class="tag">Japan</a><a href="/G983" class="tag">Lateinamerika</a><a href="/G822" class="tag">Malaysia</a><a href="/G4825" class="tag">Marrakech</a><a href="/G218" class="tag">New Zealand</a><a href="/G1433" class="tag">Pakistan</a><a href="/G46" class="tag">Philippines</a><a href="/G8837" class="tag">Punta del Este</a><a href="/G53" class="tag">Singapore</a><a href="/G1423" class="tag">South Korea</a><a href="/G4" class="tag">Switzerland</a><a href="/G202" class="tag">Thailand</a><a href="/G11" class="tag">United States of America (USA)</a></span></div><div></div></div></div></div></div><script> $(document).ready(function () { /*var tabStrip = $("#tabstrip").kendoTabStrip({ animation: { open: { effects: "" } } }).data("kendoTabStrip");*/ $("#impressum_switch").click(function() { $("#impressum_container").slideToggle("fast","swing", function() { 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