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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hi.svg" width="108" height="18" style="width: 6.75em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-गुरमुखी_वर्णमाला" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#गुरमुखी_वर्णमाला"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>गुरमुखी वर्णमाला</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-गुरमुखी_वर्णमाला-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-गुरमुखी-देवनागरी_तुलना" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#गुरमुखी-देवनागरी_तुलना"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>गुरमुखी-देवनागरी तुलना</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-गुरमुखी-देवनागरी_तुलना-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>गुरमुखी-देवनागरी तुलना उप-अनुभाग को टॉगल करें</span> </button> <ul id="toc-गुरमुखी-देवनागरी_तुलना-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-टिप्पणी" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#टिप्पणी"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>टिप्पणी</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-टिप्पणी-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-गुरमुखी_अक्षर" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#गुरमुखी_अक्षर"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>गुरमुखी अक्षर</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-गुरमुखी_अक्षर-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-गुरमुखी_का_यूनिकोड" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#गुरमुखी_का_यूनिकोड"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>गुरमुखी का यूनिकोड</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-गुरमुखी_का_यूनिकोड-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इन्हें_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>इन्हें भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#बाहरी_कड़ियाँ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>बाहरी कड़ियाँ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">गुरमुखी लिपि</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 52 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="गुरुमुखी – अंगिका" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुरुमुखी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="अंगिका" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%8A" title="أبجدية الكرمخي – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية الكرمخي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80" title="গুৰমুখী – असमिया" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গুৰমুখী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="असमिया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurmuxi" title="Qurmuxi – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qurmuxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80" title="গুরুমুখী – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুরুমুখী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB" title="Gurmukhī – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gurmukhī" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C3%AD" title="Gurmukhí – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gurmukhí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi-Schrift" title="Gurmukhi-Schrift – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gurmukhi-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%B9" title="Γκουρμούχι – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουρμούχι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmuka_skribsistemo" title="Gurmuka skribsistemo – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gurmuka skribsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmuj%C3%AD" title="Gurmují – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gurmují" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87%DB%8C" title="الفبای گرمکهی – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای گرمکهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurumukhi" title="Gurumukhi – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gurumukhi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Gurmukh%C4%AB" title="Aksara Gurmukhī – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Gurmukhī" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_gurmukhi" title="Alfabeto gurmukhi – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="グルムキー文字 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルムキー文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Gurmukhi" title="Aksara Gurmukhi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aksara Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗುರಮುಖಿ ಲಿಪಿ – कन्नड़" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುರಮುಖಿ ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="कन्नड़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%AC%B4%ED%82%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="구르무키 문자 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구르무키 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_gurmuci" title="Alfabeta gurmuci – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta gurmuci" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="गुरमुखी लिपि – मैथिली" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गुरमुखी लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="मैथिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BF" title="ഗുരുമുഖി – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുരുമുഖി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="गुरमुखी – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुरमुखी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Gurmukh" title="Aksara Gurmukh – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aksara Gurmukh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="गुरुमुखी लिपि – नेपाली" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गुरुमुखी लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="नेपाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80" title="ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_gurmukhi" title="Pismo gurmukhi – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="گرمکھی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرمکھی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ګورمکي ليکدود – पश्तो" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګورمکي ليکدود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="पश्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Гурмукхи – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гурмукхи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="गुरुमुखीलिपिः – संस्कृत" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुरुमुखीलिपिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="संस्कृत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%BD" title="گرمکي اسڪرپٽ – सिंधी" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرمکي اسڪرپٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="सिंधी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_alphabet" title="Gurmukhi alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gurmukhi alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="குர்முகி – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குர்முகி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรคุรมุขี – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรคุรมุขี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabetong_Gurmukhi" title="Alpabetong Gurmukhi – टैगलॉग" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpabetong Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="टैगलॉग" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gurmukhi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%96" title="Ґурмукхі – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґурмукхі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="گرمکھی – उर्दू" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرمکھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87" title="古木基文 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古木基文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q689894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरभाषा कड़ियाँ संपादित करें" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ियाँ संपादित करें</a></span></div> </div> 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ओझोपथ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ओझोपथ</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="कलिंग लिपि">कलिंग</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="भट्टिप्रोलु लिपि">भट्टिप्रोलु लिपि</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="कदंब लिपि">कदंब</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="कन्नड़ लिपि">कन्नड़</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="तेलुगु लिपि">तेलुगु</a></li> <li><a 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="साँचा वार्ता:ब्राह्मी"><abbr title="इस साँचे से संबंधित चर्चा करें">वा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80&action=edit"><abbr title="यह साँचा संपादित करें">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>गुरमुखी लिपि</b> (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿੱਪੀ) एक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि">लिपि</a> है जिसमें <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा">पंजाबी भाषा</a> लिखी जाती है। </p><p>गुरुमुखी का अर्थ है गुरुओं के मुख से निकली हुई। अवश्य ही यह शब्द ‘वाणी’ का द्योतक रहा होगा, क्योंकि मुख से लिपि का कोई सम्बन्ध नहीं है। किन्तु वाणी से चलकर उस वाणी के अक्षरों के लिए यह नाम रूढ़ हो गया। इस प्रकार गुरूओं ने अपने प्रभाव से पञ्जाब में एक भारतीय लिपि को प्रचलित किया। वरना सिन्ध की तरह पञ्जाब में भी फ़ारसी लिपि का प्रचलन हो रहा था और वही बना रह सकता था। </p><p>इस लिपि में ३ स्वर और ३२ व्यञ्जन हैं। स्वरों के साथ मात्राएँ जोड़कर अन्य स्वर बना लिए जाते हैं। इनके नाम हैं ऊड़ा, आया, ईड़ी, सासा, हाहा, कका, खखा इत्यादि। अन्तिम अक्षर ड़ाड़ा है। छठे अक्षर से कवर्ग आरम्भ होता है और शेष अक्षरों का (व) तक वही क्रम है जो देवनागरी वर्णमाला में है। मात्राओं के रूप और नाम इस प्रकार हैं। ट के साथ (मुक्ता), टा (कन्ना), टि (स्यारी), टी (बिहारी), ट (ऐंक ड़े), ट (दुलैंकड़े), टे (लावाँ), टै (दोलावाँ), (होड़ा), (कनौड़ा), (टिप्पी), ट: (बिदै)। इस वर्णमाला में प्राय: संयुक्त अक्षर नहीं हैं। यद्यपि अनेक संयुक्त ध्वनियाँ विद्यमान हैं। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="गुरमुखी_वर्णमाला"><span id=".E0.A4.97.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A3.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.BE"></span>गुरमुखी वर्णमाला</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: गुरमुखी वर्णमाला"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>गुरमुखी लिपि में ३५ वर्ण होते हैं। पहले तीन वर्ण विशेष हैं क्योंकि वे स्वर वर्णों के आधार होते हैं। केवल ऐड़ा को छोड़कर बाकी पहले तीन वर्ण अकेले कहीं नहीं प्रयुक्त होते। विस्तार से समझने के लिए <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" title="स्वर वर्ण">स्वर वर्ण</a> को देखें। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="गुरमुखी-देवनागरी_तुलना"><span id=".E0.A4.97.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.80-.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.97.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BE"></span>गुरमुखी-देवनागरी तुलना</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: गुरमुखी-देवनागरी तुलना"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>ਕ --- क <br /> ਖ --- ख <br /> ਗ --- ग <br /> ਘ --- घ <br /> ਙ --- ङ <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਚ --- च <br /> ਛ --- छ <br /> ਜ --- ज <br /> ਝ --- झ <br /> ਞ --- ञ <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਟ --- ट <br /> ਠ --- ठ <br /> ਡ --- ड <br /> ਢ --- ढ <br /> ਣ --- ण <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਤ --- त <br /> ਥ --- थ <br /> ਦ --- द <br /> ਧ --- ध <br /> ਨ --- न <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਪ --- प <br /> ਫ --- फ <br /> ਬ --- ब <br /> ਭ --- भ <br /> ਮ --- म <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਯ --- य <br /> ਰ --- र <br /> ਲ --- ल <br /> ਵ --- व <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਸ਼ --- श <br /> ਸ --- स <br /> ਹ --- ह <br /> ੜ --- ड़ <br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>਼ --- ़ <br /> ੍ --- ् <br /> ਾ --- ा <br /> ਿ --- ि <br /> ੀ --- ी <br /> ੁ --- ु <br /> ੂ --- ू <br /> ੇ --- े <br /> ੈ --- ै <br /> ੋ --- ो <br /> ੌ --- ौ <br /> ਂ --- ं <br /> ੰ --- ं <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>ਅ --- अ <br /> ਆ --- आ <br /> ਇ --- इ <br /> ਈ --- ई <br /> ਉ --- उ <br /> ਊ --- ऊ <br /> ਏ --- ए <br /> ਐ --- ऐ <br /> ਓ --- ओ <br /> ਔ --- औ <br /> </p> </td> <td> <p>੦ --- ० <br /> ੧ --- १ <br /> ੨ --- २ <br /> ੩ --- ३ <br /> ੪ --- ४ <br /> ੫ --- ५ <br /> ੬ --- ६ <br /> ੭ --- ७ <br /> ੮ --- ८ <br /> ੯ --- ९ </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="टिप्पणी"><span id=".E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.A3.E0.A5.80"></span>टिप्पणी</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: टिप्पणी"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>कृपया ध्यान दें कि अक्षर–रूप मिलने के होते हुए भी पञ्जाबी द्वारा गुरमुखी और हिन्दी द्वारा देवनागरी के प्रयोग में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण अन्तर हैं: </p> <ul><li>गुरमुखी में कुछ प्राचीन शब्दों की अन्तिम मात्राएँ उच्चारित नहीं होती। यदि पञ्जाबी का एक पारम्परिक अभिवादन देखा जाए - 'ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ' - तो इसका सीधा देवनागरी परिवर्तन 'सति श्री हरि अकाल' निकलता है लेकिन इसे 'सत श्री अकाल' पढ़ा जाता है।</li> <li>महाप्राण व्यञ्जनों में श्वास प्रायः हटाया जाता है और सुर द्वारा अक्षरों में भेद दिखाया जाता है। इसलिए कहा जाता है कि पञ्जाबी एक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सुरभेदी भाषा">सुरभेदी भाषा</a> है। अक्सर अन्य <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="हिन्द-आर्य भाषाएँ">हिन्द-आर्य भाषाओँ</a> के बोलने वाले जब पञ्जाबी बोलते हैं तो उनके सुर हिन्दी-जैसे होते हैं, जिनसे पञ्जाबी मातृभाषियों को उनका बोलने का <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="लहजा (भाषाविज्ञान)">लहजा</a> कृत्रिम लगता है। मसलन: <ul><li>'ਘੋੜਾ' अर्थात अश्व। इसका नागरी 'घोड़ा' है लेकिन इसका सही उच्चारण 'क्होड़ा' है जिसमें बोलते हुए सुर भारी होकर हल्का किया जाता है (यानि गिरता-उठता है)।</li> <li>'ਕੋੜਾ' अर्थात चाबुक। इसका नागरी 'कोड़ा' है और उच्चारण भी सुर को सामान्य रखकर 'कोड़ा' होता है।</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="गुरमुखी_अक्षर"><span id=".E0.A4.97.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.85.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.B0"></span>गुरमुखी अक्षर</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: गुरमुखी अक्षर"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"> <th colspan="2">नाम</th> <th>उच्चारण </th> <th colspan="2">नाम</th> <th>उच्चारण </th> <th colspan="2">नाम</th> <th>उच्चारण </th> <th colspan="2">नाम</th> <th>उच्चारण </th> <th colspan="2">नाम</th> <th>उच्चारण </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ੳ</td> <td>ऊड़ा</td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਅ</td> <td>ऐड़ा</td> <td>अ </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ੲ</td> <td>ईड़ी</td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਸ</td> <td>सस्सा</td> <td><i>स</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਹ</td> <td>हाहा</td> <td><i>ह</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਕ</td> <td>कक्का</td> <td><i>क</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਖ</td> <td>खक्खा</td> <td><i>ख</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਗ</td> <td>गग्गा</td> <td><i>ग</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਘ</td> <td>कह्ग्गा (घग्गा)</td> <td><i>घ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਙ</td> <td>ङंङा</td> <td><i>ङ</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਚ</td> <td>चच्चा</td> <td><i>च</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਛ</td> <td>छच्छा</td> <td><i>छ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਜ</td> <td>जज्जा</td> <td><i>ज</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਝ</td> <td>चह्ज्ज‌‌ा (झज्ज‌ा)</td> <td><i>झ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਞ</td> <td>ञईया</td> <td><i>ञ</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਟ</td> <td>टैंका</td> <td><i>ट</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਠ</td> <td>ठठ्ठा</td> <td><i>ठ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਡ</td> <td>डड्डा</td> <td><i>ड</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਢ</td> <td>टह्ड्डा (ढड्डा)</td> <td><i>ढ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਣ</td> <td>णाह्णा (णाहणा)</td> <td><i>ण</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਤ</td> <td>तत्ता</td> <td><i>त</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਥ</td> <td>थत्था</td> <td><i>थ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਦ</td> <td>दद्दा</td> <td><i>द</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਧ</td> <td>धद्दा</td> <td><i>ध</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਨ</td> <td>नन्ना</td> <td><i>न</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਪ</td> <td>पप्पा</td> <td><i>प</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਫ</td> <td>फफ्फ‌ा </td> <td><i>फ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਬ</td> <td>बब्बा</td> <td><i>ब</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਭ</td> <td>पह्ब‌्बा (भब्बा)</td> <td><i>भ</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਮ</td> <td>मम्मा</td> <td><i>म</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਯ</td> <td>य‌ईआ/य‌ईया (यय्या)</td> <td><i>य</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਰ</td> <td>रारा</td> <td><i>र</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਲ</td> <td>लल्ला</td> <td><i>ल</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ਵ</td> <td>वाह्वा(वाहवा)</td> <td><i>व</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px">ੜ</td> <td>राह्ड़ा</td> <td><i>ड़</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="गुरमुखी_का_यूनिकोड"><span id=".E0.A4.97.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.A1"></span>गुरमुखी का <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="यूनिकोड">यूनिकोड</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&section=5" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: गुरमुखी का यूनिकोड"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>गुरमुखी लिपि की <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="यूनिकोड">यूनिकोड</a> रेंज U+0A00 से U+0A7F तक है। गुरमुखी के लिए यूनिकोड का प्रयोग शुरु हुए अभी ज्यादा दिन नहीं हुए हैं। पंजाबी के ज्यादातर जालघरों ने अभी यूनिकोड नहीं अपनाया है। </p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"><b>Gurmukhi</b><sup class="reference" id="ref_U0A00_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U0A00_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140210162814/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf">Unicode.org chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A0x </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A01: GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI">ਁ </td> <td title="U+0A02: GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI">ਂ </td> <td title="U+0A03: GURMUKHI SIGN VISARGA">ਃ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A05: GURMUKHI LETTER A">ਅ </td> <td title="U+0A06: GURMUKHI LETTER AA">ਆ </td> <td title="U+0A07: GURMUKHI LETTER I">ਇ </td> <td title="U+0A08: GURMUKHI LETTER II">ਈ </td> <td title="U+0A09: GURMUKHI LETTER U">ਉ </td> <td title="U+0A0A: GURMUKHI LETTER UU">ਊ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A0F: GURMUKHI LETTER EE">ਏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A1x </td> <td title="U+0A10: GURMUKHI LETTER AI">ਐ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A13: GURMUKHI LETTER OO">ਓ </td> <td title="U+0A14: GURMUKHI LETTER AU">ਔ </td> <td title="U+0A15: GURMUKHI LETTER KA">ਕ </td> <td title="U+0A16: GURMUKHI LETTER KHA">ਖ </td> <td title="U+0A17: GURMUKHI LETTER GA">ਗ </td> <td title="U+0A18: GURMUKHI LETTER GHA">ਘ </td> <td title="U+0A19: GURMUKHI LETTER NGA">ਙ </td> <td title="U+0A1A: GURMUKHI LETTER CA">ਚ </td> <td title="U+0A1B: GURMUKHI LETTER CHA">ਛ </td> <td title="U+0A1C: GURMUKHI LETTER JA">ਜ </td> <td title="U+0A1D: GURMUKHI LETTER JHA">ਝ </td> <td title="U+0A1E: GURMUKHI LETTER NYA">ਞ </td> <td title="U+0A1F: GURMUKHI LETTER TTA">ਟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A2x </td> <td title="U+0A20: GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA">ਠ </td> <td title="U+0A21: GURMUKHI LETTER DDA">ਡ </td> <td title="U+0A22: GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA">ਢ </td> <td title="U+0A23: GURMUKHI LETTER NNA">ਣ </td> <td title="U+0A24: GURMUKHI LETTER TA">ਤ </td> <td title="U+0A25: GURMUKHI LETTER THA">ਥ </td> <td title="U+0A26: GURMUKHI LETTER DA">ਦ </td> <td title="U+0A27: GURMUKHI LETTER DHA">ਧ </td> <td title="U+0A28: GURMUKHI LETTER NA">ਨ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A2A: GURMUKHI LETTER PA">ਪ </td> <td title="U+0A2B: GURMUKHI LETTER PHA">ਫ </td> <td title="U+0A2C: GURMUKHI LETTER BA">ਬ </td> <td title="U+0A2D: GURMUKHI LETTER BHA">ਭ </td> <td title="U+0A2E: GURMUKHI LETTER MA">ਮ </td> <td title="U+0A2F: GURMUKHI LETTER YA">ਯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A3x </td> <td title="U+0A30: GURMUKHI LETTER RA">ਰ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A32: GURMUKHI LETTER LA">ਲ </td> <td title="U+0A33: GURMUKHI LETTER LLA">ਲ਼ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A35: GURMUKHI LETTER VA">ਵ </td> <td title="U+0A36: GURMUKHI LETTER SHA">ਸ਼ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A38: GURMUKHI LETTER SA">ਸ </td> <td title="U+0A39: GURMUKHI LETTER HA">ਹ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A3C: GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA">਼ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A3E: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA">ਾ </td> <td title="U+0A3F: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I">ਿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A4x </td> <td title="U+0A40: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II">ੀ </td> <td title="U+0A41: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U">ੁ </td> <td title="U+0A42: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU">ੂ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A47: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE">ੇ </td> <td title="U+0A48: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI">ੈ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A4B: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO">ੋ </td> <td title="U+0A4C: GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU">ੌ </td> <td title="U+0A4D: GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA">੍ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A5x </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A51: GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT">ੑ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A59: GURMUKHI LETTER KHHA">ਖ਼ </td> <td title="U+0A5A: GURMUKHI LETTER GHHA">ਗ਼ </td> <td title="U+0A5B: GURMUKHI LETTER ZA">ਜ਼ </td> <td title="U+0A5C: GURMUKHI LETTER RRA">ੜ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A5E: GURMUKHI LETTER FA">ਫ਼ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A6x </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="U+0A66: GURMUKHI DIGIT ZERO">੦ </td> <td title="U+0A67: GURMUKHI DIGIT ONE">੧ </td> <td title="U+0A68: GURMUKHI DIGIT TWO">੨ </td> <td title="U+0A69: GURMUKHI DIGIT THREE">੩ </td> <td title="U+0A6A: GURMUKHI DIGIT FOUR">੪ </td> <td title="U+0A6B: GURMUKHI DIGIT FIVE">੫ </td> <td title="U+0A6C: GURMUKHI DIGIT SIX">੬ </td> <td title="U+0A6D: GURMUKHI DIGIT SEVEN">੭ </td> <td title="U+0A6E: GURMUKHI DIGIT EIGHT">੮ </td> <td title="U+0A6F: GURMUKHI DIGIT NINE">੯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">U+0A7x </td> <td title="U+0A70: GURMUKHI TIPPI">ੰ </td> <td title="U+0A71: GURMUKHI ADDAK">ੱ </td> <td title="U+0A72: GURMUKHI IRI">ੲ </td> <td title="U+0A73: GURMUKHI URA">ੳ </td> <td title="U+0A74: GURMUKHI EK ONKAR">ੴ </td> <td title="U+0A75: GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH">ੵ </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td title="Reserved" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>टिप्पणी</b> <dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0A00_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U0A00_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> यूनिकोड संस्करण 6.3 के अनुसार<br /></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&section=6" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इन्हें_भी_देखें"><span 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