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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypedates_eques" title="Polypedates eques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polypedates eques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypedates_eques" title="Polypedates eques – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polypedates eques" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82ts%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AFdi_hod%C3%AD%C5%82ch%CA%BCiltah_ch%CA%BCa%C5%82_yisht%C5%82izh%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Dziłtsį́įdi hodíłchʼiltah chʼał yishtłizhígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtsį́įdi hodíłchʼiltah chʼał yishtłizhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques" title="Taruga eques – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taruga eques" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypedates_eques" title="Polypedates eques – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polypedates eques" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques" title="Taruga eques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taruga eques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques" title="Taruga eques – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taruga eques" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques" title="Taruga eques – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taruga eques" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypedates_eques" title="Polypedates eques – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polypedates eques" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques" title="Taruga eques – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Taruga eques" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypedates_eques" title="Polypedates eques – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polypedates eques" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28056349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 19:18, 9 August 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Etriusus" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Etriusus" data-mw-revid="1239516566"><bdi>Etriusus</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Etriusus" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Etriusus">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Etriusus" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Etriusus">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(added info, demoted the polymorphism section)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&diff=prev&oldid=1239516566" title="Taruga eques">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&direction=prev&oldid=1239516566" title="Taruga eques">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Taruga_eques" title="Taruga eques">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&diff=cur&oldid=1239516566" title="Taruga eques">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&direction=next&oldid=1239516566" title="Taruga eques">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&diff=next&oldid=1239516566" title="Taruga eques">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of amphibian</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Taruga eques</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg/220px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg/330px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg/440px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Taruga" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">Anura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhacophoridae" title="Rhacophoridae">Rhacophoridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taruga_(frog)" title="Taruga (frog)"><i>Taruga</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>T. eques</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Taruga eques</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Albert_C._L._G._G%C3%BCnther" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert C. L. G. Günther">Günther</a>, 1858)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg/220px-Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg/330px-Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg/440px-Polypedates_eques_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frost_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Polypedates eques</i> <small>Günther, 1858</small><br /> <i>Rhacophorus eques</i> <small>(Günther, 1858)</small><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Polypedates_cruciger" title="Polypedates cruciger">Rhacophorus cruciger</a> eques</i> <small>(Günther, 1858)</small> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Taruga eques</b></i> (common names: <b>Günther's whipping frog</b>, <b>Spurred Tree-frog, Montane Hour-glass Tree-frog</b>) is a species of <a href="/wiki/Tree_frog" title="Tree frog">tree frog</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Rhacophoridae" title="Rhacophoridae">Rhacophoridae</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the central hills of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frost_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <p><i>Taruga eques</i> is a species of tree frog in the <a href="/wiki/Rhacophoridae" title="Rhacophoridae">Rhacophoridae</a> family, commonly known as shrub or flying frogs. The species was first described in 1858 by <a href="/wiki/Albert_G%C3%BCnther" title="Albert Günther">Albert Günther</a>, who named the species Polypedates eques. In 1882, <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Boulenger" title="George Albert Boulenger">George Albert Boulenger</a> described the species as <i>Rhacophorus eques.</i> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ahl" title="Ernst Ahl">Ernst Ahl</a> upheld this classification in 1931 when he described the species as <i>Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) eques.</i> In 1957, Kirtisinghe reclassified the species as <i>Rhacophorus cruciger eques,</i> and in 1992, the species was renamed again to <i>Polypedates eques</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelum_Manamendra-Arachchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi (page does not exist)">Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sushil_Kumar_Dutta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sushil Kumar Dutta (page does not exist)">Sushil Kumar Dutta</a>. In 2010, the <i><a href="/wiki/Taruga_(frog)" title="Taruga (frog)">Taruga</a></i> genus was established by a team led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhava_Meegaskumbura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhava Meegaskumbura (page does not exist)">Madhava Meegaskumbura</a>, resulting in the species being renamed to <i>Taruga eques.</i> This reclassification was upheld in 2024 with the name <i>Polypedates (Taruga) eques.</i> The species is known colloquially as the Spurred Tree-frog, Gunther's Whipping Frog, and the Montane Hour-glass Tree-frog.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frost_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution">Evolution</h3></div><p> The genus <i>Taruga</i> is considered a <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister genus</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/Polypedates" title="Polypedates">Polypedates</a></i>. Divergence between these genus likely occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a> region (possibly India) before <i><a href="/wiki/Polypedates" title="Polypedates">Polypedates</a></i> dispersed in a northerly fashion. The following <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> shows the <a href="/wiki/Phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogeny">phylogenetic position</a> of <i>Taruga eques</i> among select members of the <a href="/wiki/Rhacophoridae" title="Rhacophoridae">Rhacophoridae</a> family, based upon <a href="/wiki/Bayesian_inference" title="Bayesian inference">Bayesian inference</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximum_likelihood_estimation" title="Maximum likelihood estimation">maximum likelyhood</a> comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhacophoridae" title="Rhacophoridae">Rhacophoridae</a></i>   </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Taruga equis</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Taruga_fastigo" title="Taruga fastigo">T. fastigo</a> </i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Polypedates_otilophus" title="Polypedates otilophus">P. otilophus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Polypedates" title="Polypedates">Other <i>Polypedates</i> species</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <p>Adult males measure 33–43 mm (1.3–1.7 in) and females 59–71 mm (2.3–2.8 in) in snout–vent length.<sup id="cite_ref-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their snout is long, sharp, and triangular; females' snouts are a red-orange while males tend to be brown. The underside of the snout is a grey to cream-yellow color. The back pattern can vary from an hourglass shape to brown spots. The hind legs have dark stripes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It resembles (and has been confused with) <i><a href="/wiki/Taruga_fastigo" title="Taruga fastigo">Taruga fastigo</a></i> but has relatively shorter legs, narrower but longer head, an by the absence of the black line that connects the axilla and groin in <i>Taruga fastigo</i>, or that line being reduced to a band of blackish dots.<sup id="cite_ref-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Taruga eques</i> can be differentiated from the species included to the same genus with the presence of Calcar on the heel.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polymorphism">Polymorphism</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">Polymorphism (biology)</a></div> <p><i>Taruga eques</i> demonstrates <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphic</a> color differences between specimen. Males can present as brown, dark brown, and grey while females are red, orange, yellow orange, and red.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_Behavior">Ecology and Behavior</h2></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Juncus_effusus" title="Juncus effusus">Juncus effusu</a>s</i> and other herbs are often used as shelter to prevent desiccation of the frogs during the daytime. In the mid afternoon, <i>Taruga eques</i> with often begin emerging and vocalize until approximately midnight when observed. <i>Taruga eques</i> prefers humid enivronments greater than 65% and temperatures under 16°C. They likewise prefer still bodies of water less than 16.5°C. The species is predated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_pond_heron" title="Indian pond heron">Indian Pond Heron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_blackbird" title="Indian blackbird">Indian Black Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Mongooses</a>, dragonfly larvae and the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian Otter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cestoda" title="Cestoda">Cestodes</a> and leeches parasitize the species. <i>Taruga eques</i> is <a href="/wiki/Sympatry" title="Sympatry">sympatric</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Minervarya_greenii" title="Minervarya greenii">Fejevarya greenii</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudophilautus_microtampanioum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudophilautus microtampanioum (page does not exist)">Pseudophilautus microtampanioum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudophilautus_alto" title="Pseudophilautus alto">Pseudophilautus alto</a>,</i> and other species of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudophilautus" title="Pseudophilautus">Pseudophilautus</a></i> genus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mating">Mating</h3></div> <p><i>Taruga eques</i> is a terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Bubble_nest" title="Bubble nest">foam-nesting</a> frog. Mating begins when males perform <a href="/wiki/Mating_call" title="Mating call">mating calls</a> to attract females. The mating pair will climb shrubbery or trees overhanging bodies of water. In particular, the flowering plant <i><a href="/wiki/Juncus_effusus" title="Juncus effusus">Juncus effusus</a></i> is highly favored as a nesting site. The female secretes a mucus into the tree or shrub that she will kick with her hind legs until it forms a thick, white foam, and the male simultaneously fertilizes the eggs. Following this, the female will deposit the eggs into the resulting foam nest. Nest size varies from 12 to 195 cm2, and is largely dependent on environmental factors. The average nest is built 15.24 centimetres (6.00 in) above the water; with a maximum height of 200 centimetres (79 in) having been observed. Nest construction is designed such that tadpoles emerge and drop into the water below, but does not occur closer than 15 centimeters due to the risk of nest inundation by season rains. The outermost layer of the foam nest dries quickly after being laid to provide additional protection.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_and_conservation">Habitat and conservation</h2></div> <p><i>Taruga eques</i> inhabits <a href="/wiki/Montane_ecosystems" title="Montane ecosystems">montane tropical moist forests</a> in the central hills of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> at elevations of 1,200–2,135 m (3,937–7,005 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. It is both <a href="/wiki/Arboreal_locomotion" title="Arboreal locomotion">arboreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion" title="Terrestrial locomotion">terrestrial</a>, being found in canopies and on tree trunks as well as in grasses at the edge of ponds. It is present in the <a href="/wiki/Horton_Plains_National_Park" title="Horton Plains National Park">Horton Plains National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakgala_Strict_Nature_Reserve" title="Hakgala Strict Nature Reserve">Hakgala Strict Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knuckles_Mountain_Range" title="Knuckles Mountain Range">Knuckles Mountain Forest Reserve</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Peak_Wilderness_Sanctuary" title="Peak Wilderness Sanctuary">Peak Wilderness Sanctuary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tadpole" title="Tadpole">tadpoles</a> are often found in both permanent and seasonal ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While it is commonly found in Sri Lanka, it is classified as endangered by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">IUCN</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a>. It does not occur in habitats that have been modified by human action, showing that the species many not be able to tolerate human impacts to its environment. Knuckles Mountain Forest Reserve, a known habitat for the species, has recently been threatened by tea and <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a> plantations, unregulated construction, tourism, man-made forest fires, and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>. Decreases in rainfall due to climate change, subcutaneous parasitic infections, and <a href="/wiki/Forest_dieback" title="Forest dieback">forest dieback</a> have also been identified as possible threats to the species.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species' reliance on micro habitats made of <i>Juncus efficus</i> and ecological specialization are seen as existential risk factors for the species.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taruga_eques_(adult_stage).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="adult stage with "dorsal spots" pigment pattern found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park"><img alt="adult stage with "dorsal spots" pigment pattern found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29.jpg/120px-Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29.jpg/180px-Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29.jpg/240px-Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">adult stage with "dorsal spots" pigment pattern found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="at Haggala"><img alt="at Haggala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg/120px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg/180px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg/240px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">at Haggala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="at Haggala"><img alt="at Haggala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg/120px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg/180px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg/240px-Taruga_eques_at_Haggala3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">at Haggala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taruga_eques_(adult_stage)_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="adult stage with dark brown dorsal colouration found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park"><img alt="adult stage with dark brown dorsal colouration found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg/120px-Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg/180px-Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg/240px-Taruga_eques_%28adult_stage%29_at_Horton_Plains_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">adult stage with dark brown dorsal colouration found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taruga_eques.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="adult stage with yellow dorsal colouration found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park"><img alt="adult stage with yellow dorsal colouration found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Taruga_eques.jpg/120px-Taruga_eques.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Taruga_eques.jpg/180px-Taruga_eques.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Taruga_eques.jpg/240px-Taruga_eques.jpg 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">adult stage with yellow dorsal colouration found in world heritage Horton Plains National Park</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Amphibian_Specialist_Group2020" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/58946/156586528">"<i>Taruga eques</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2020</b>: e.T58946A156586528. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T58946A156586528.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T58946A156586528.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Taruga+eques&rft.volume=2020&rft.pages=e.T58946A156586528&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T58946A156586528.en&rft.au=IUCN+SSC+Amphibian+Specialist+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F58946%2F156586528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaruga+eques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frost-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrost,_Darrel_R.2017" class="citation web cs1">Frost, Darrel R. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Taruga/Taruga-eques">"<i>Taruga eques</i> (Günther, 1858)"</a>. <i>Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0</i>. American Museum of Natural History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amphibian+Species+of+the+World%3A+an+Online+Reference.+Version+6.0&rft.atitle=Taruga+eques+%28G%C3%BCnther%2C+1858%29&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Frost%2C+Darrel+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.amnh.org%2Fvz%2Fherpetology%2Famphibia%2FAmphibia%2FAnura%2FRhacophoridae%2FRhacophorinae%2FTaruga%2FTaruga-eques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaruga+eques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manamendra-Arachchi_and_Pethiyagoda_2001_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManamendra-ArachchiPethiyagoda2001" class="citation journal cs1">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum; <a href="/wiki/Rohan_Pethiyagoda" title="Rohan Pethiyagoda">Pethiyagoda, Rohan</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wht.lk/zeylanica/volume-5-number-2/Kelum%20Manamendra-Arachchi%20%20Rohan%20Pethiyagoda-%20Polypedates%20fastigo%20a%20new%20tree%20frog%20Ranidae-%20Rhacophorinae%20from%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf">"<i>Polypedates fastigo</i>, a new tree frog (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) from Sri Lanka"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of South Asian Natural History</i>. <b>5</b>: 191–199.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+South+Asian+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Polypedates+fastigo%2C+a+new+tree+frog+%28Ranidae%3A+Rhacophorinae%29+from+Sri+Lanka&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=191-199&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Manamendra-Arachchi&rft.aufirst=Kelum&rft.au=Pethiyagoda%2C+Rohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wht.lk%2Fzeylanica%2Fvolume-5-number-2%2FKelum%2520Manamendra-Arachchi%2520%2520Rohan%2520Pethiyagoda-%2520Polypedates%2520fastigo%2520a%2520new%2520tree%2520frog%2520Ranidae-%2520Rhacophorinae%2520from%2520Sri%2520Lanka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaruga+eques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadhushankaManamendra-Arachchi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Madhushanka, Shashi; Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum (2021-12-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ucr.v3i2.73">"Morphometry and habitat selection of the Mountain Hourglass Treefrog Taruga eques; (Günther, 1858)] (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) in the Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka"</a>. <i>University of Colombo Review</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4038%2Fucr.v3i2.73">10.4038/ucr.v3i2.73</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2756-9152">2756-9152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Colombo+Review&rft.atitle=Morphometry+and+habitat+selection+of+the+Mountain+Hourglass+Treefrog+Taruga+eques%3B+%28G%C3%BCnther%2C+1858%29%5D+%28Amphibia%2C+Rhacophoridae%29+in+the+Horton+Plains+National+Park%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=64&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4038%2Fucr.v3i2.73&rft.issn=2756-9152&rft.aulast=Madhushanka&rft.aufirst=Shashi&rft.au=Manamendra-Arachchi%2C+Kelum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4038%2Fucr.v3i2.73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaruga+eques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDengYuanYangKlaus2010" class="citation web cs1">Deng, X; Yuan, L; Yang, K; Klaus, S; Orlov, NL; Jiang, D; Li, J (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr149414">"Geographical rang evolution of whipping frogs based on a phylogeny of genus Polypedates (Anura: Rhacophoridae)"</a>. <i>europepmc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europepmc.org&rft.atitle=Geographical+rang+evolution+of+whipping+frogs+based+on+a+phylogeny+of+genus+Polypedates+%28Anura%3A+Rhacophoridae%29&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=X&rft.au=Yuan%2C+L&rft.au=Yang%2C+K&rft.au=Klaus%2C+S&rft.au=Orlov%2C+NL&rft.au=Jiang%2C+D&rft.au=Li%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropepmc.org%2Farticle%2Fppr%2Fppr149414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaruga+eques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Silva2009" class="citation book cs1">De Silva, Anslem (2009). <i>Amphibians of Sri Lanka: A Photographic Guide to Common Frogs, Toads and Caecilians</i> (1st ed.). Kandy: Privately published. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-955-52061-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-955-52061-0-5"><bdi>978-955-52061-0-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amphibians+of+Sri+Lanka%3A+A+Photographic+Guide+to+Common+Frogs%2C+Toads+and+Caecilians.&rft.place=Kandy&rft.pages=125&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Privately+published&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-955-52061-0-5&rft.aulast=De+Silva&rft.aufirst=Anslem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaruga+eques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Taruga eques</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28056349" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q28056349">Q28056349</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Taruga_eques" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Taruga eques">Taruga eques</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/AmphibiaWeb" title="AmphibiaWeb">AmphibiaWeb</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4474">4474</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Amphibian_Species_of_the_World" title="Amphibian Species of the World">ASW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Taruga/Taruga-eques">Taruga-eques</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/54Y8J">54Y8J</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/10775201">10775201</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/135141">135141</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1101897">1101897</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/58946">58946</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=209481">209481</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Polypedates eques</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2701867" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2701867">Q2701867</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/polypedates-eques/">polypedates-eques</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LD4D">4LD4D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2423783">2423783</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10789593">10789593</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=665600">665600</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/204722/">204722</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=33618">33618</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&oldid=1239516566">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taruga_eques&oldid=1239516566</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_endangered_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List endangered species">IUCN Red List endangered species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taruga_(frog)" title="Category:Taruga (frog)">Taruga (frog)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Frogs_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Frogs of Sri Lanka">Frogs of Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Endemic_fauna_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka">Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Albert_G%C3%BCnther" title="Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther">Taxa named by Albert Günther</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amphibians_described_in_1858" title="Category:Amphibians described in 1858">Amphibians described in 1858</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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