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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%29" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%29" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%29" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%28%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%29" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Экономика_фәненең_функциялары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Экономика_фәненең_функциялары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Экономика фәненең функциялары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Экономика_фәненең_функциялары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Экономика_фәненең_объекттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Экономика_фәненең_объекттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Экономика фәненең объекттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Экономика_фәненең_объекттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хәҙерге_заман_экономикаһы_мәсьәләләре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хәҙерге_заман_экономикаһы_мәсьәләләре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Хәҙерге заман экономикаһы мәсьәләләре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хәҙерге_заман_экономикаһы_мәсьәләләре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нимә_етештерергә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нимә_етештерергә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Нимә етештерергә</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нимә_етештерергә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нисек_етештерергә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нисек_етештерергә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Нисек етештерергә</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нисек_етештерергә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Кем_ниндәй_эш_башҡарырға_тейеш:_йәмғиәттә_хеҙмәт_бүленеше" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кем_ниндәй_эш_башҡарырға_тейеш:_йәмғиәттә_хеҙмәт_бүленеше"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Кем ниндәй эш башҡарырға тейеш: йәмғиәттә хеҙмәт бүленеше</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кем_ниндәй_эш_башҡарырға_тейеш:_йәмғиәттә_хеҙмәт_бүленеше-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Экономика (фән)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 189 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-189" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">189 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ekonomie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaftswissenschaft" title="Wirtschaftswissenschaft — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wirtschaftswissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%8B%E1%8B%AD" title="ሥነ ንዋይ — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ንዋይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Economía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85)" title="اقتصاد (علم) — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اقتصاد (علم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%A2_%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܝܘܠܦܢ ܡܡܫܚܘܬܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܘܠܦܢ ܡܡܫܚܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="إيكونومي — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيكونومي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অৰ্থনীতি — ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অৰ্থনীতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Economía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qtisadiyyat_(elm)" title="İqtisadiyyat (elm) — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqtisadiyyat (elm)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuonuom%C4%97ka" title="Akuonuomėka — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Akuonuomėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эканоміка — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эканоміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эканоміка — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эканоміка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Икономика (наука) — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Икономика (наука)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्त्र — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikunumi" title="Ikunumi — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ikunumi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafas%C9%94r%C9%94sira" title="Nafasɔrɔsira — бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Nafasɔrɔsira" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অর্থনীতি — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্থনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="དཔལ་འབྱོར་རིག་པ། — тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དཔལ་འབྱོར་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armerzh" title="Armerzh — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Armerzh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomija" title="Ekonomija — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekonomija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Эдэй засаг — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эдэй засаг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncies_econ%C3%B2miques" title="Ciències econòmiques — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciències econòmiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Экономика (Ӏилма) — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Экономика (Ӏилма)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiks" title="Ekonomiks — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ekonomiks" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia — чаморро" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Ekonomia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="чаморро" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئابوورناسی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئابوورناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecunumia" title="Ecunumia — корсиканский" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ecunumia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekonomie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek%C3%B2nomij%C3%B4" title="Ekònomijô — кашубский" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ekònomijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2)" title="Экономика (ăслав) — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Экономика (ăслав)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economeg" title="Economeg — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Economeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%C3%B8konomi" title="Nationaløkonomi — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nationaløkonomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaftswissenschaft" title="Wirtschaftswissenschaft — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirtschaftswissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6cm%C3%A4%C3%A4c%C3%ABk%C3%A4%C5%8B" title="Piöcmääcëkäŋ — динка" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piöcmääcëkäŋ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="динка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qt%C4%B1sad" title="İqtısad — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İqtısad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Οικονομικά — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικονομικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics" title="Economics — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Economics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomio" title="Ekonomio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekonomio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_econ%C3%B3mica" title="Ciencia económica — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencia económica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majandusteadus" title="Majandusteadus — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Majandusteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekonomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="علم اقتصاد — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علم اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taloustiede" title="Taloustiede — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taloustiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majandustiid%C3%BCs" title="Majandustiidüs — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Majandustiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakailavo_(Vakadidike_veimaliwai)" title="Vakailavo (Vakadidike veimaliwai) — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakailavo (Vakadidike veimaliwai)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAskapur" title="Búskapur — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Búskapur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)" title="Économie (discipline) — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Économie (discipline)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88conomia" title="Èconomia — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èconomia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiartskapswedenskap" title="Wiartskapswedenskap — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wiartskapswedenskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie" title="Economie — фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Economie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomy" title="Ekonomy — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ekonomy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eacnama%C3%ADocht" title="Eacnamaíocht — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eacnamaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="經濟學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9konnonmi" title="Lékonnonmi — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lékonnonmi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaconomachd" title="Eaconomachd — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eaconomachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Economía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virurekokuaa" title="Virurekokuaa — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Virurekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्त्र — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="અર્થતંત્ર — гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અર્થતંત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmaynys" title="Tarmaynys — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tarmaynys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEn-chi-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Kîn-chi-ho̍k — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kîn-chi-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94" title="כלכלה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלכלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्त्र — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthsaastr" title="Arthsaastr — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arthsaastr" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomska_znanost" title="Ekonomska znanost — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ekonomska znanost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_(disiplin)" title="Ekonomi (disiplin) — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekonomi (disiplin)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zgazdas%C3%A1gtan" title="Közgazdaságtan — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közgazdaságtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տնտեսագիտություն — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տնտեսագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_ekonomi" title="Ilmu ekonomi — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economica" title="Economica — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Economica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiko" title="Ekonomiko — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekonomiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Hagfræði — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hagfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienze_economiche" title="Scienze economiche — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienze economiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AD%A6" title="経済学 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="経済学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikanamix" title="Ikanamix — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ikanamix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dinske" title="dinske — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dinske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89konomi" title="Ékonomi — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ékonomi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ეკონომიკა — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკონომიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94s%CA%8B%CA%8B_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Экономикалық ғылымдар — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экономикалық ғылымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%85" title="សេដ្ឋកិច្ច — кхмерский" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សេដ្ឋកិច្ច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="경제학 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="경제학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abor%C3%AEnas%C3%AE" title="Aborînasî — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aborînasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbysieth" title="Erbysieth — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Erbysieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeconomica" title="Oeconomica — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oeconomica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ekonomie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie" title="Economie — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Economie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ACa" title="Economìa — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Economìa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ເສດຖະສາດ — лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສດຖະສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्‍त्र — майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अर्थशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Экономикась — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Экономикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toekarena_(taranja)" title="Toekarena (taranja) — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Toekarena (taranja)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Економија — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Економија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാമ്പത്തികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдийн засгийн шинжлэх ухаан — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдийн засгийн шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्त्र — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_ekonomi" title="Ilmu ekonomi — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ilmu ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiquenomie" title="Eiquenomie — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eiquenomie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘောဂဗေဒ — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘောဂဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weerdschopswetenschop" title="Weerdschopswetenschop — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Weerdschopswetenschop" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ekonomie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्त्र — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थशास्त्र — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie" title="Economie — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Economie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunns%C3%B8konomi" title="Samfunnsøkonomi — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samfunnsøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfunns%C3%B8konomi" title="Samfunnsøkonomi — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samfunnsøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomike" title="Ekonomike — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ekonomike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Acononmie" title="Êcononmie — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êcononmie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutothuo" title="Thutothuo — северный сото" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutothuo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="северный сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinagdee" title="Dinagdee — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dinagdee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਰਥਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਥਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1mag%C3%A1ral_ekonom%C3%ADa" title="Pámagáral ekonomía — пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pámagáral ekonomía" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cononmie" title="Écononmie — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Écononmie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekonomia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conom%C3%ACa" title="Conomìa — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Conomìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اقتصادیات — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اقتصادیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="د اقتصاد علم — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اقتصاد علم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiku" title="Musiku — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Musiku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_economice" title="Științe economice — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Științe economice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Привреда — южнорусинский" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Привреда" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="южнорусинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Экономика (наука) — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экономика (наука)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Економия — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Економия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="अर्थशास्त्रम् (शास्त्रम्) — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अर्थशास्त्रम् (शास्त्रम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Экэниэмикэ — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Экэниэмикэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecunum%C3%ACa" title="Ecunumìa — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ecunumìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics" title="Economics — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Economics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اقتصاديات — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اقتصاديات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomija" title="Ekonomija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ekonomija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics" title="Economics — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Economics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekon%C3%B3mia" title="Ekonómia — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ekonómia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomija" title="Ekonomija — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ekonomija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics" title="Economics — самоанский" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Economics" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanganhundu" title="Upanganhundu — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Upanganhundu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaqaale" title="Dhaqaale — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhaqaale" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca_ekonomike" title="Shkenca ekonomike — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca ekonomike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Економија — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Економија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtskup" title="Wirtskup — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wirtskup" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89konomi" title="Ékonomi — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ékonomi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalekonomi" title="Nationalekonomi — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nationalekonomi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somo_la_Uchumi" title="Somo la Uchumi — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Somo la Uchumi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பொருளியல் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருளியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఆర్థిక శాస్త్రం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్థిక శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Илми иқтисод — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Илми иқтисод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เศรษฐศาสตร์ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เศรษฐศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikonimikis" title="Ikonimikis — ток-писин" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ikonimikis" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_(bilim_dal%C4%B1)" title="Ekonomi (bilim dalı) — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekonomi (bilim dalı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidyondzo_ta_ikhonomi" title="Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi — тсонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)" title="Икътисад (фән) — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Икътисад (фән)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ئىقتىساد — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىقتىساد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Економіка — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Економіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معاشیات — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاشیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqtisodiyot_(fan)" title="Iqtisodiyot (fan) — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iqtisodiyot (fan)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomik_(tedo)" title="Ekonomik (tedo) — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ekonomik (tedo)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Kinh tế học — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh tế học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon%C3%B6mav" title="Konömav — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Konömav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economeye" title="Economeye — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Economeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyensya_ekonomika" title="Siyensya ekonomika — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siyensya ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koom-koom" title="Koom-koom — волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Koom-koom" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="經濟學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ეკონომიკა — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეკონომიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" title="עקאנאמיק — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עקאנאמיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginghciyoz" title="Ginghciyoz — чжуань" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ginghciyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="чжуань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie" title="Economie — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Economie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="经济学 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经济学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="計學 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="計學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keng-ch%C3%A8-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Keng-chè-ha̍k — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Keng-chè-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟學 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economics" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8134" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance 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class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Экономика</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$7d6da8b5-4dae-df81-cc82-236059459ed5" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Economics_circular_flow_cartoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Economics_circular_flow_cartoon.jpg/274px-Economics_circular_flow_cartoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Economics_circular_flow_cartoon.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Әһәмиәтле кеше</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$37008021-4546-c428-cd69-c60fb2c973b6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит">Адам Смит</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$d945191d-4e0b-8e9e-e73a-49cc8c7d6315" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Рикардо Давид">Рикардо Давид</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$cc917410-47ec-fcd1-3038-865981b95d26" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс">Карл Маркс</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$dad67fff-43d3-e8e9-3add-37a85d04a41f" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Джон Мейнард Кейнс">Джон Мейнард Кейнс</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$120bf892-4e8a-543b-f557-7d1e1e0ff443" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q102454&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Пол Энтони Самуэльсон</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102454" class="extiw" title="d:Q102454">[d]</a></sup></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$faa7c93a-4ca7-d3a8-80bf-a026ffc915c0" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q313034&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Артур Сесил Пигу</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313034" class="extiw" title="d:Q313034">[d]</a></sup></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$1bad0112-4704-4126-29a4-8da990d019bf" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q13509&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Леон Вальрас</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13509" class="extiw" title="d:Q13509">[d]</a></sup></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$9c6ad763-4288-4815-680d-e7f5273f18ae" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Йозеф Шумпетер">Йозеф Шумпетер</a></span></span>, <span 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data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q84177&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Карл Менгер</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84177" class="extiw" title="d:Q84177">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Сәнғәт йүнәлеше</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$c31a168c-48bd-9469-1ee9-afe27ab51a57" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P135"><span class="wikidata-snak 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class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P135"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=economics+of+conventions&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q3578707&preloadparams%5B%5D=economics+of+conventions&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">economics of conventions</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578707" class="extiw" title="d:Q3578707">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8134$fa87f705-404a-91f5-82e7-3f959d3b5a58" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P135"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" 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height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economics">Экономика Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Экономика</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урыҫ теле">урыҫса</a> <i>эконо́мика</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">οἶκος</span></i> — <i>йорт</i> һәм <span lang="grc"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">νόμος</span></span> — <i>ҡанун</i>, йәғни — хужалыҡ итеү ҡағиҙәләре) — хужалыҡ итеү (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Етештереү (был бит юҡ)">етештереү</a>, бүлеү, алыштырыу һәм ҡулланыу) эшмәкәрлеген өйрәнеүсе фән. Иҡтисади (экономик) ысынбарлыҡ фәнни экономика теориялары объекты булып тора, улар теоретик һәм ғәмәли йүнәлештәргә бүлеп йөрөтөлә. </p><p><b>Теоретик йүнәлеш</b> — <b>экономика теорияһы</b> — алыштырыу, бүлеү, сикләнгән ресурстарҙы ҡулланыуҙың ысулын һайлау үҙенсәлектәрен тикшерә . </p><p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Applied economics"><span title="Эквивалент статьи «Ғәмәли экономика» на инглиз телендә">Ғәмәли экономика</span></a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; margin-right:0.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%92%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ғәмәли экономика (был бит юҡ)"><span title="Статья «Ғәмәли экономика» в русском разделе отсутствует">ru</span></a></sup><sub class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; margin-left:-1em"><span title="По ссылке доступна статья на инглиз телендә">en</span></sub></b> экономика теорияһы эшләп сығарған закондар, теориялар, тәҡдимдәрҙе экономика системаларының айырым элементтары эшендә ҡулланыу мөмкинлеген өйрәнә. </p><p>Б.э.т. IV быуатта уҡ Ксенофонт «Домострой» (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a> <i><span lang="grc">"Οἰκονομικός"</span></i>) тигән хеҙмәт яҙа, уны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марк Туллий Цицерон (был бит юҡ)">Цицерон</a> латин теленә <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">Oeconomicus</span></i> тип тәржемә итә. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Милль Джон Стюарт (был бит юҡ)">Джон Стюарт Милль</a> «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_Political_Economy" class="extiw" title="en:Principles of Political Economy"><span title="Эквивалент статьи «Принципы политической экономии» на инглиз телендә">Принципы политической экономии</span></a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; margin-right:0.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Принципы политической экономии (был бит юҡ)"><span title="Статья «Принципы политической экономии» в русском разделе отсутствует">ru</span></a></sup><sub class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; margin-left:-1em"><span title="По ссылке доступна статья на инглиз телендә">en</span></sub>(1848 г.) тигән хеҙмәтендә был терминды ҡуллана. </p><p>Айырым фән булараҡ <b>экономика</b> XVIII быуатта <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Смит Адам">Адам Смиттың</a> «Исследование о природе и причинах богатства народов»( «Халыҡтарҙың байлығы булмышы һәм сәбәптәре тураһында тикшеренеү»,ғәҙәттә «Богатство народов»,1776 йыл) тигән китабынан башлана. Йозеф Шумпетер Адам Смитҡа тиклем дә экономка күренештәренең эске логикаһы бар икәнен фән кимәлендә түгел, ә тик эске һиҙемләү (интуиция) кимәлендә генә аңлағандар тип яҙа. </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Экономика_фәненең_функциялары"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D1.84.D3.99.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D1.84.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.BA.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Экономика фәненең функциялары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Экономика фәненең функциялары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=1" title="Экономика фәненең функциялары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Экономика түбәндәге функцияларҙы үтәй<sup id="cite_ref-Функции_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Функции-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Танып-белеү<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ғәмәли<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Планлаштырыу (прогностическая)</li> <li>Донъяға ҡараш<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Методология</li> <li>Идеология</li> <li>Тәнҡит</li> <li>Теория</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Экономика_фәненең_объекттары"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D1.84.D3.99.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.8A.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Экономика фәненең объекттары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Экономика фәненең объекттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=2" title="Экономика фәненең объекттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тикшеренеү өлкәһе масштабы буйынса экономика фәне фирмалар, хужалыҡтар, айырым производстволарҙы өйрәнеүсе <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Микроэкономика (был бит юҡ)">микроэкономикаға</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, һәм и дөйөм милли хужалыҡты өйрәнеүсе <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Макроэкономика (был бит юҡ)">макроэкономика</a> бүленә<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Һуңғы йылдарҙа фәнни әҙәбиәттә «наноэкономика» ( шәхси экономика субъекттарын өйрәнә), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезоэкономика (был бит юҡ)">мезоэкономика</a> (иҡтисад өлкәләре, региондар), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Интерэкономика (был бит юҡ)">интерэкономика</a> (халыҡ-ара экономика) һәм мегаэкономика (донъя хужалығы) тигән төшөнсәләр ҙә ҡулланыла. </p><p>Кеше эшмәкәрлеге өлкәһе булараҡ иҡтисадҡа (экономикаға) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Баҙар (был бит юҡ)">баҙар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82" title="Сәнәғәт">сәнәғәт</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ауыл хужалығы">ауыл хужалығы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Финанстар">финанстар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0" title="Сауҙа">сауҙа</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хеҙмәт күрһәтеү (был бит юҡ)">хеҙмәт күрһәтеү </a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%88%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эшҡыуарлыҡ (был бит юҡ)">эшҡыуарлыҡ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мерчандайзинг (был бит юҡ)">мерчандайзинг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Менеджмент (был бит юҡ)">менеджмент</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маркетинг (был бит юҡ)">маркетинг</a> һ.б. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хәҙерге_заман_экономикаһы_мәсьәләләре"><span id=".D0.A5.D3.99.D2.99.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B3.D0.B5_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D1.8D.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BC.D3.99.D1.81.D1.8C.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Хәҙерге заман экономикаһы мәсьәләләре</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Хәҙерге заман экономикаһы мәсьәләләре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=3" title="Хәҙерге заман экономикаһы мәсьәләләре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Фән булараҡ экономиканың төп темаһы булып кешеләрҙең сикләнмәгән ихтыяжы һәм уларҙы үтәү өсөн кәрәкле сикләнгән ресурстар араһындағы ҡапма-ҡаршылыҡ тора. </p><p>Һәр бер экономик система ниндәйҙер <b> һайлау төрөн</b>ә өҫтөнлөк бирергә тейеш. Улар араһында иң мөһимдәре: <i>ниндәй тауарҙар эшләргә, уларҙы нисек эшләргә, кем һәм ниндәй эш башҡарырға тейеш һәм был эштең һөҙөмтәһе кем өсөн тәғәйенләнгән</i>. Быларҙы һайлау ресурстарҙың сикләнгән булыуына бәйле. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нимә_етештерергә"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D0.BC.D3.99_.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B3.D3.99"></span>Нимә етештерергә</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Нимә етештерергә бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=4" title="Нимә етештерергә бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ябайлыҡ өсөн әйтәйек, автомобилдәр һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мәғариф">мәғариф</a> кеүек ике генә альтернатив тауар булған иҡтисади система. Күп студенттар өсөн машинаһыҙ йәшәү — белем алыу хаҡына яһалған ҡорбан. Дөйөм алғанда, иҡтисади системала ла шундай уҡ хәл булып тора — барыһын да һәм һәр кемде ҡәнәғәтләндереү өсөн автомобилдәр һәм белем етмәй. Ниндәй продуктты ниндәй күләмдә етештерергә икәнен һайларға кәрәк. </p><p>Кешеләр теләгәнсә тауар етештерә алмау был тауарҙарҙы етештереү өсөн тотонолған ресурстарҙың һирәк булыуы эҙемтәһе булып тора. Иң ябай продукцияны сығарыу өсөн дә байтаҡ ресурстарҙы берләштерергә тура киләсәк. Тәбиғи ресурстар — етештереүҙә эшкәртеүһеҙ, мәҫәлән, уңдырышлы ер, төҙөлөш объекттары, урман, материалдар ҡулланылырға мөмкин булған бөтә нәмә. Әйтәйек, өҫтәл эшләү өсөн ағас, тырнаҡ, йәбештереү, ураҡ, тәмләткес, балта оҫтаһы эше, рәссам һ. б. кәрәк. Уңайлылыҡ өсөн был ресурстар, ҡағиҙә булараҡ, етештереү факторҙары сифатында төркөмләнә. Хеҙмәт үҙ эсенә кешеләрҙең бөтә мускул һәм интеллектуаль эшмәкәрлеген ала. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Капитал">Капитал</a> кеше булдырған бөтә етештереү ресурстарынан тора: ҡоралдар, машиналар, инфраструктура, шулай уҡ матди булмаған активтар (интеллектуаль капитал). Ер етештереүҙә (мәғдән, һауа, һыу һ. б.) ҡулланылған бөтә тәбиғи ресурстар тип һанала. </p><p>Бер урында ҡулланылған етештереү ресурстары бер үк ваҡытта башҡа ерҙә лә ҡулланыла алмай. Имтихандарға әҙерләнеү урынына уҡыусылар завод эштәре менән шөғөлләнһә, уҡыусыларҙың дәрестә имтихандарға әҙерләнеп үткәргән ваҡыты ла һөҙөмтәле ресурс булыр ине. Етештереү башҡа ерҙә ҡулланылырға мөмкин булған ресурстарҙы файҙаланғанлыҡтан, теләһә ниндәй яҡшылыҡ етештереү башҡа яҡшылыҡ етештереү һәләтен юғалтыуға килтерә. Яҡшылыҡтың йәки хеҙмәттең мөмкинлек хаҡы — шул уҡ ваҡытты йәки бер үк ресурстарҙы талап иткән иң яҡшы альтернатив эшмәкәрлек менән шөғөлләнеү мөмкинлеген юғалтыу йәһәтенән үлсәнгән сығымдар. Мөмкинлек хаҡын аҡса аша сағылдырырға мөмкин. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нисек_етештерергә"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BA_.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B3.D3.99"></span>Нисек етештерергә</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Нисек етештерергә бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=5" title="Нисек етештерергә бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Теләһә ниндәй яҡшылыҡ йәки хеҙмәт өсөн етештереүҙең бер нисә төрө бар. Автомобилдәрҙе, мәҫәлән, ҙур күләмдә капиталь ҡорамалдары һәм сағыштырмаса аҙ эшсе көсө булған юғары автоматлаштырылған заводтарҙа етештерергә мөмкин, әммә уларҙы ҙур күләмдә хеҙмәт һәм дөйөм тәғәйенләнештәге ҡайһы бер машиналар ҡулланған бәләкәй предприятиеларҙа ла эшләп була. Форд автомобилдәре беренсе ысул менән эшләнә, ә Лотос — икенсе юлда. Белем алыу өсөн дә шулай тип әйтергә мөмкин. Иҡтисадты таҡталағы бер уҡытыусы егерме уҡыусы менән эшләгән бәләкәй синыфта уҡытырға мөмкин, әммә бер үк предметты йөҙәрләгән уҡыусы өсөн бер үк ваҡытта дистанцион уҡытыуҙың компьютер технологиялары ярҙамында өйрәнергә мөмкин. </p><p>Эффективлыҡ етештереүҙең төп критерийы булып тора. Көндәлек телмәрҙә һөҙөмтәлелек һүҙе етештереү минималь сығымдар, тырышлыҡ һәм юғалтыуҙар менән бара тигәнде аңлата. Иҡтисадсылар теүәлерәк билдәләмә ҡуллана. Иҡтисади һөҙөмтәлелек термины бер кешенең теләктәрен ҡәнәғәтләндереүгә зыян килтермәйенсә тулыһынса ҡәнәғәтләндереүсе берҙәм үҙгәреш индереү мөмкин булмаған хәлде аңлата. Был ысул менән билдәләнгән һөҙөмтәлелекте ҡайһы берҙә, итальян иҡтисадсыһы Вильфредо Паретонан һуң, Парето һөҙөмтәлелеге тип атайҙар. Әгәр бер кемгә лә зыян килтермәйенсә хәлеңде яҡшыртыу юлы бар икән, тимәк, бындай мөмкинлектән үтеү мәғәнәһеҙ (файҙаһыҙ). </p><p>Әлеге ваҡытта ҡулланмаған фонтан ҡәләмем булһа һәм һиңә шул ҡәләм кәрәк булһа, үҙ ҡәләмеңде һатып алыу һинең яҡтан бушҡа булыр ине. Алоанға ҡәләм биреү күпкә һөҙөмтәлерәк; хәлегеҙҙе яҡшырта һәм мине насарайтмай. Ике яҡтан да хәлде яҡшыртыу юлы булғанда, шул мөмкинлектән файҙаланмау — әрәм-шәрәм итеү. Һин миңә велосипед бирәһең дә, мин һиңә волейбол бирәм. Әгәр ҙә мин велосипедта бик йыш йөрөмәйем икән һәм волейболды бик йыш уйнамайһың икән, тимәк, был әйберҙәрҙе икебеҙгә лә һатып алыу отошло түгел. </p><p>Етештереүҙең һөҙөмтәлелеге — продуктив ресурстар һәм белем кимәле булған осраҡта башҡа берәй продуктты етештереүҙән баш тартмайынса күберәк етештереп булмай торған ситуация. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Кем_ниндәй_эш_башҡарырға_тейеш:_йәмғиәттә_хеҙмәт_бүленеше"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B5.D0.BC_.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.B9_.D1.8D.D1.88_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.88.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.80.D2.93.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.B5.D1.88:_.D0.B9.D3.99.D0.BC.D2.93.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82.D1.82.D3.99_.D1.85.D0.B5.D2.99.D0.BC.D3.99.D1.82_.D0.B1.D2.AF.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5"></span>Кем ниндәй эш башҡарырға тейеш: йәмғиәттә хеҙмәт бүленеше</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Кем ниндәй эш башҡарырға тейеш: йәмғиәттә хеҙмәт бүленеше бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=6" title="Кем ниндәй эш башҡарырға тейеш: йәмғиәттә хеҙмәт бүленеше бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хеҙмәт (был бит юҡ)">Хеҙмәттең</a> социаль бүленешен ойоштороу менән бәйле ниндәй эште кем башҡарырға тейеш тигән һорау тыуа. Һәр кем универсаль кеше була аламы — иртән игенсе, төштән һуң тегенсе, кисен шағир була аламы? Әллә кешеләр бергә эшләргә, тауарҙар һәм хеҙмәттәр менән алмашырға, төрлө эш урындарында махсуслашырға тейешме? Иҡтисадсылар был һорауға хеҙмәттәшлек һөҙөмтәлерәк тигән нигеҙ менән яуап бирә. Ул теләһә ниндәй һанда һәр береһе яңғыҙ эшләгәнгә ҡарағанда күберәк етештерергә мөмкинлек бирә. Хеҙмәттәшлекте өс нәмә ҡиммәтле итә: командала эшләү, эштәрҙе башҡарып өйрәнеү, сағыштырма өҫтөнлөк. </p><p>Бергәләп эшләү оҙон йәки мөмкин булмаған эштәрҙе яңғыҙ башҡарырға мөмкинлек бирә. Йөк машинаһынан күләмле йөктө (төргәктәрҙе) бушатыусы эшселәр миҫал булып тора. Төргәктәре шул тиклем ҙур, бер эшсе уны көс-хәл менән ергә һөйрәп сығара алмай, йә төргәкте сисмәйенсә бөтөнләй хәрәкәткә килтерә алмай. Үҙаллы эшләгән ике кешегә бушатыу өсөн бер нисә сәғәт <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Ваҡыт">ваҡыт</a> сарыф итергә тура килер ине. Әммә бергәләп эшләһәләр, төргәктәрҙе күтәреп складҡа тейәй алалар. </p><p>Эш төрлө оҫталыҡ ҡулланып төрлө эштәр башҡарыуҙы талап итеүе ихтимал. Мебель фабрикаһында, мәҫәлән, ҡайһы бер эшселәр производство ҡорамалдары менән идара итә, икенселәре кабинетта, ҡалғандары материалдар һатып алыу менән шөғөлләнә. Бөтә эшселәр ҙә тигеҙ һәләттәрҙән башланһа ла, уларҙың һәр береһе яйлап уның йыш ҡабатлаған ниндәйҙер эште башҡарыу һәләтен яҡшырта. Шулай итеп, эштән тыш уҡытыу уртаса етештереүсәнлекле хеҙмәткәрҙәрҙе белгестәргә әйләндерә, һөҙөмтәлә юғары етештереүсәнлекле коллектив барлыҡҡа килтерелә. </p><p>Эшсе ниндәйҙер айырым оҫталыҡҡа эйә булғанда, хеҙмәт бүленеше сағыштырмаса өҫтөнлөктәргә — сағыштырмаса арзан мөмкинлектәр хаҡына эш башҡарыу йәки тауар етештереү һәләтенә ярашлы барасаҡ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=7" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Функции-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Функции_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vuzlib.net/beta3/html/1/2639/2666/">Функции экономической теории</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2020 йыл 2 июль <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702105829/http://www.vuzlib.net/beta3/html/1/2639/2666">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Познавательная функция экономики состоит в том, что в категориях и принципах человек узнаёт что-то новое, в центре внимания экономики находится человек с его потребностями и интересами</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Практическая функция выражается в том, что экономическая теория создаёт заинтересованность в действиях индивидов; вырабатывает принципы, правила, формы хозяйствования субъектов рыночной экономики; разрабатывает эффективные направления использования ресурсов</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Мировоззренческая функция проявляется в том, что, анализируя с помощью экономических категорий и законов практику хозяйственной жизни, человек познаёт окружающий мир, тенденции общественного прогресса, выявляет баланс взаимодействия общества, экономики и природы</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">В центре микроэкономики интересы субъектов хозяйствования: бизнесменов, работников, их потребности, желания, приоритеты, рыночный спрос, поведения потребителей, предприятий в условиях конкуренции, формирования рынка ресурсов и доходов фирмы. Центральной проблемой микроэкономики является рыночная цена товара, взаимодействия спроса и предложения, их эластичность (способность изменяться).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Макроэкономика предстает как национальная экономика или экономика государства и исследует хозяйственную систему в целом.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҡарағыҙ"><span id=".D2.A0.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B.D2.99"></span>Ҡарағыҙ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Ҡарағыҙ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)&action=edit&section=8" title="Ҡарағыҙ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks navigation-box ruwikiWikimediaNavigation" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; clear:right; border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; padding:1ex; font-size:90%; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="b:Полка:Экономика"><img alt="b:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikibooks-ref"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="b:Полка:Экономика">Экономика (фән)</a></span> Викидәреслектә </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economics" title="commons:Category:Economics"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikicommons-ref"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economics?uselang=ru">Экономика (фән)</a></span> Викимилектә </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ba.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="n:Категория:Экономика (наука)"><img alt="n:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/20px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikinews-ref"><a href="https://ba.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="n:Категория:Экономика (наука)">Экономика (фән)</a></span> Викияңылыҡтарҙа </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> <br clear="all" /> </p> <center> <table id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ccccff" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Категория:Фән">Фән йүнәлештәре</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Фән">Фән тураһында…</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Гуманитар фәндәр">Гуманитар</a> | <a 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