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class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 75px; line-height: 85px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; padding: 20px 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>How do we work together to detect AI-manipulated media?</strong></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 45px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1559155738020"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p class="taglinetxt" style="color: #ffffff;">Synthesis Report: Expert meeting and knowledge exchange between i) leading researchers in media forensics and detection of deepfakes and other new forms of AI-based media manipulation and ii) leading experts in social newsgathering, UGC and OSINT verification and fact-checking.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; padding: 20px 0px; margin: 5px 0px; text-align: left;">By Sam Gregory and Eric French</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1471584188981" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #333333; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">INTRODUCTION</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 20px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In February 2019 WITNESS in association with George Washington University brought together a group of leading researchers in media forensics and detection of deepfakes and other media manipulation with leading experts in social newsgathering, UGC and opens-source intelligence (OSINT) verification and fact-checking. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">New artificial intelligence-based tools are increasingly able to create convincing simulations of authentic media, including sophisticated audio and video manipulations called “deepfakes,” and more subtle manipulations. These media forms have the potential to amplify, expand, and alter existing problems around trust in information, verification of media, and weaponization of online spaces. You can learn more about this area <a href="https://lab.witness.org/synthetic-media-and-deep-fakes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As the threat of more sophisticated, more personalized audio and video manipulation emerges, we see a critical need to bring together key actors </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">before </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">we are in the eye-of-the-storm, to ensure we prepare in a more coordinated way and to challenge “technopocalyptic” narratives that in and of themselves damage public trust in video and audio. We have an opportunity to ‘prepare, not panic’, and to handle this next wave of disinformation better than previous incidences.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Participants in this meeting included researchers working on media forensics and counter-forensics, on understanding provenance and detecting deepfakes, as well as experts on media manipulation ecosystems. The expert meeting brought them together with leading experts working on different timescales and types of identification, verification, debunking and fact-checking around photo, video and text content including people working within the news cycle, on longer investigations using open-source intelligence (OSINT) and on exposing and identifying networks of bad actors. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The overall goal of the meeting was to establish better common understanding and connective tissue on how to better prepare, communicate and collaborate around new threats of AI-generated audiovisual misinformation and disinformation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The specific goals for the meeting were to:</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>1</strong>) Identify how </span><b>emerging approaches </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">to detecting deepfakes and synthetic media manipulation are</span><b> accessible and understandable </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">to a community that will use them in the real world for journalism, human rights and transparency</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>2</strong>) </span><b>Build connectivity </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">between key researchers and frontline debunkers to ensure preparedness for potential real-world usage of deepfakes</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>3</strong>) Identify </span><b>how emerging tools and approaches to detection could be incorporated </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">into existing workflows used by journalists and open-source investigators</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This meeting built on previous meetings where WITNESS has convened stakeholders in this area (see other reports at <a href="https://lab.witness.org/projects/synthetic-media-and-deep-fakes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prepare, Don’t Panic: Synthetic Media and Deepfakes</a></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">) including the </span><a href="http://wit.to/Deepfakes" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">report from our first expert convening</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in June 2018. </span></p> <h3><b>Key questions we focused on:</b></h3> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">What are key vulnerabilities and high-perception risks around established processes for finding and verifying videos, audio and images? Where do new forms of manipulation expand existing challenges, introduce new challenges, alter existing challenges, reinforce other threats?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">What would be most useful to OSINT/verification/truth-finding practitioners on the image/video manipulation detection side?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">What are the technologies being developed that are most relevant to some of these dilemmas?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">What could we do to learn from each other going forward?</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="accordion_holder clearfix wpb_content_element accordion with_icon not-column-inherit"> <h3 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Background on WITNESS’ work on deepfakes and synthetic media within our Emerging Threats and Opportunities initiative</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h3> <div class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For over 25 years, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">WITNESS </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">has enabled human rights defenders and civic journalists, and now increasingly anyone, anywhere to use video and technology to protect and defend human rights and share trustworthy information.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The explosion of access to video, online social networks, and mobile technology over the last decade has been accompanied by a set of opportunities and challenges for individuals and communities who work to advance justice and accountability around the world. In today’s information ecosystem, these digital tools have the potential to increase civic engagement and participation – particularly for marginalized and vulnerable groups – enabling civic witnesses, journalists, and ordinary people to document abuse, speak truth to power, make their voices heard, and protect and defend their rights. Unfortunately, bad actors are utilizing the same tools to spread mal-information, identify and silence dissenting voices, disrupt civil society and democracy, perpetuate hate speech, and put individual rights defenders and journalists at risk. </span><b> </b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This workshop took place as part of WITNESS’ Emerging Threats and Opportunities initiatives – focused on proactive action to protect and uphold marginalized voices, civic journalism, and human rights as emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) intersect with the pressures of disinformation, media manipulation, and rising authoritarianism. WITNESS believes that through early engagement civil society can inform and shape usages and ethics via doing research, modeling best practices for companies and early users, prototyping technology, bringing key actors together, and advocating for strong rights-respecting solutions. We bring a pragmatic perspective deeply grounded in grassroots experiences of human rights and use of technologies for activism, as well as expertise in articulating threats to human rights and journalism and in engaging directly with companies on their products and policies. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">WITNESS is strongly committed to challenging existing power structures in the technology world that lead to harms to marginalized communities. Like other technologies, the world of AI is missing many voices, in particular those from outside of the US and Western Europe. This is a core principle of our Emerging Threats and Opportunities work.</span></p> <h3><b>Key reports that relate to this convening include:</b></h3> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://witness.mediafire.com/file/q5juw7dc3a2w8p7/Deepfakes_Final.pdf/file"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summary of Discussions and Next Step Recommendations</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from June 2018 “Mal-uses of AI-generated Synthetic Media and Deepfakes: Pragmatic Solutions Discovery Convening”: </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">For an extensive background on tech, solutions and key areas to focus on, emerging from an expert convening in June 2018 co-organized with First Draft</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://blog.witness.org/2018/07/deepfakes-and-solutions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Solutions survey</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">: A survey of solutions across disciplines to address mal-use of AI-generated synthetic media and deepfakes</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>UPCOMING</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: A report on authenticity and provenance-focused technical solutions and pros and cons of this type of technical infrastructure approach</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>UPCOMING</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: A survey of threat scenarios identified in threat modeling workshops by journalists and other actors</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1549038438394" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">REPORT CONTENTS</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;">This report includes the following sections for:</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="borders wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-has-fill"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1558634159497"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><a href="#osint" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #f8c58f;">People working in social newsgathering, user-generated content and OSINT verification and fact-checking</span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="borders wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1558626635255"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><a href="#forensics" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #f8c58f;">People working in deepfakes synthesis and detection and related media forensics</span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="borders wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1558626648793"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><a href="#both" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #f8c58f;">Both communities</span></a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 40px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;">This Chatham-House report includes video and audio excerpts from interviews with leading OSINT, verification and social newsgathering practitioners and the following sections:</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 28px; line-height: 28px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e0e0e0; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><b>For people working in social newsgathering, UGC and OSINT verification and fact-checking</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">1</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#newforms">What is the state of play with new forms of AI-enabled media manipulation such as deepfakes?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">2</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#detection">What are current key detection challenges for synthetic media and deepfakes?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">3</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#useful">What would be most useful to media forensics and deepfakes researchers?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 28px; line-height: 28px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e0e0e0; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><b>For deepfakes and media forensics researchers</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">1</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#misinformation">What is the current state of play around misinformation and disinformation?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">2</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#newsgathering">What is the OSINT/social newsgathering/fact-checking community currently doing to detect misinformation and verify information (and what are existing challenges/needs)?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 28px; line-height: 28px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e0e0e0; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><b>For both communities</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">1</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#imagedetection">What would be most useful to OSINT/verification/truth-finding practitioners on the image/video manipulation detection side?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">2</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#osinttools">What tools would be useful to OSINT and social newsgatherers to respond to audiovisual manipulation problems?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 35px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #f8c58f; text-decoration: none; text-align: right;">3</span></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span class="observetxt1"><a style="color: #f8c58f;" href="#learn">What do both OSINT and social newsgathering and deepfakes and media forensic researchers need to learn from each other going forward?</a><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><b>Additional background information and glossary</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;">A glossary of terms relevant to this report: <a href="https://medium.com/1st-draft/information-disorder-part-1-the-essential-glossary-19953c544fe3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Information Disorder, Part 1: The Essential Glossary</a> by Claire Wardle, with research support from Grace Greason, Joe Kerwin & Nic Dias</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;">A relevant backgrounder on the range of tools used in open-source investigation: </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BfLPJpRtyq4RFtHJoNpvWQjmGnyVkfE2HYoICKOGguA/edit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bellingcat Online Investigation Toolkit</span></a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;">From Poynter, <a href="https://factcheckingday.com/#how-to" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">backgrounder on fact-checking practices</a></span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #ffffff;">The <a href="http://verificationhandbook.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Verification Handbook</a>: An introduction to verifying digital content</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="osint" data-id="#osint" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1558635775806" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 62px; line-height: 62px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #333333; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">For people working in social newsgathering, UGC and OSINT verification and fact-checking</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="newforms" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559074209922" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What is the state of play with new forms of AI-enabled media manipulation such as deepfakes?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">The reality: Media manipulation has existed since media has, but now more people can do it faster, and there is less belief that something is real.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is </span><b>not new to be able to change images and video</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> – for example, by adding or getting rid of layers such as text, or to make significant alterations. Historically, propaganda institutions have always looked at how to use these types of tools to manipulate. Among the elements that are changing are that this is happening with a time of so much visual content that when good (or semi-good) quality manipulated media can be created </span><b>it makes it hard to differentiate what is real, and critically, it takes time to do so</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. It is also getting easier to manipulate content in more subtle and more transformative ways.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe title="Claire Wardle: Deepfakes as a testing ground for disinformation" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xk4vtiXjozY?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">The ability to manipulate media more easily contributes to a problem of people saying they cannot believe anything they see<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Alongside actual media manipulation problems, the widespread </span><b>presence of more easy media manipulations allows people to dismiss claims of the real</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. This has implications for both high-stakes settings where verification of the integrity of the image matters – e.g. legal investigation, prosecution, intelligence – but also impacts our day-to-day as we interact with visual media of any sort.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe title="ClaireWardle: How can synthetic media aggravate existing disinformation challenges" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OfG5J83Z8UU?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Deepfakes still require technical skills, but that is changing quickly.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For the moment, the </span><b>capacity to simulate actual faces completely realistically in videos still requires a significant team of people with specialized training and tech</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. However, we’re in a stage of moving from </span><b>manual synthesis of imagery</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (more consistent but time-consuming and specialist) </span><b>to automatic synthesis</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (still rough but much faster and not requiring specialist skills). This is facilitated by the quantity of media created through social media: this provides more training data to improve deep fake tools. For deep fakes, you need training data and computing power, but otherwise the capacity to create is becoming more accessible.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="detection" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075071048" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What are current key detection challenges for synthetic media and deepfakes?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe title="SITU Research: Volumes of video as evidence" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZaOIvrGWr9g?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Quality (and quantity) of the data for detection is poor.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For detection approaches you need a quantity and a quality of training data or additional information, and this is not always available around a particular technique. Researchers sometimes don’t have the data to analyze certain misinformation cases and </span><b>need both more information to train detection tools but also more good quality information</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Partial manipulation is harder.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is harder to detect when a video is partially manipulated (as opposed to entirely manipulated or not at all)</span><b>. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, fully synthetic video leaves a lot of digital indicators.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Fake audio is harder to detect.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Audio is a different set of challenges to detect, and it’s more of a </span><b>gap area</b> <b>in terms of research.</b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">There is a question of who wins the ‘cat and mouse’ game: those developing the tech to manipulate media or those to detect it?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At the moment, there are more resources (people, investment) to do manipulation than detection (this is one of the reasons the DARPA MediFor program was launched). However, more researchers are acknowledging that this is a problem. We should not set expectations of getting to a perfect level of performance in detection as we see continuing escalation of deepfakes adjusting to forensics methods (for example, identifying ways to incorporate micro blushing or blinking) and the nature of the learning process for forgeries is to keep improving. Instead it would be better to define success in terms of making </span><b>detection tools that make it as hard for as many people as possible to make a compelling manipulation that can evade detection</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">There is also a lack of coordination between tech/social media platforms to track misinformation and manipulated content and take it down.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We recognize we could address this but it would pose a censorship issue that needs more attention. There also seems to be a disconnect between tech platforms and what this specific research community is producing. There are also </span><b>models within the platforms for handling data on problematic content with trusted partners </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">– e.g. around terrorist content or child exploitation imagery and we need to explore what parts of this are relevant to deepfakes and misinformation. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Malachy Browne: How we can collaborate to tackle misinformation and deepfakes" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2Xjwhhkm_XQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">The detection of deep fakes and mis/disinformation will not be solved by technology. But it can help.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><b>Countering deep-fakes needs to be a multidisciplinary effort</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: this requires seeing it not only as a technical problem but also a psychological, human, and journalistic problem. To do this, need to ensure that social psychology research feeds into use and development of tools, and that we build </span><b>research focused on video</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, not just on text. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">We need to build on a range of existing expertise and experiences of people facing misinformation<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This includes expertise from existing open source intelligence (OSINT) communities as well as existing media forensics communities. We also need to incorporate systems thinkers, cognitive scientists and </span><b>more frontline groups’ and affected communities’ perspectives</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> into the mix as well.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Technology solutions will also be multi-faceted and rely on assessing media at a digital level as well as considering whether videos operate within the laws of physics and what is known from other sources about an event.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As an example the DARPA MediFor program is trying to </span><b>combine multiple different measures of media integrity </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">that reflect elements including </span><b>digital integrity</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (for example, is their consistency in pixels or compression), </span><b>physical integrity</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (for example, are the laws of physics violated with inconsistent shadows, lighting or movement), and </span><b>semantic integrity (</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">for example, if weather is inconsistent with the known weather in a location at a particular date and time). They are trying to offer a technique to reason across these layers, combining them into a single integrity score. Here, the idea is to </span><b>put an increased burden on the person generating the manipulations </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">because needs to be consistent in different layers.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Malachy Browne: Adapting digital forensic tools for open source investigation" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iTPZVwv8xBw?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="useful" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075098089" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What would be most useful to media forensics and deepfakes researchers?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Better data sharing.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Better data sharing </b>will </span><b>accelerate the refinement of tools</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to the type of data that OSINT community is tackling with.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">More case studies.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers need </span><b>more case studies</b> <span style="font-weight: 400;">to help understand </span><b>where to look for real instances of synthetic media and the current obstacles</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that current practitioners face</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">We need to grapple with privacy, security, data, research ethics as well as operational security around methods<span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Both groups agree that there are</span><b> data privacy issues in the work (including with data found via open source methods in social media sites) </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">and have concerns for how to protect </span><b>sources providing material </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">for analysis. This is related to questions of </span><b>disclosure of methods</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. We need to understand better the limits on research and distribution</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">of techniques and yet still identify </span><b>ways to disclose methods between researchers and key frontline communities. </b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Build a better shared understanding of security risks and vulnerabilities for individuals revealing <span style="font-weight: 400;">fakes.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Participants from investigatory groups also highlight that </span><b>academic researchers may not yet appreciate the risks </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">for individuals revealing fakes and misinformation. This includes being smeared for work, misinformation campaigns directed against them, and being targeted and harassed or doxxed. There is a need for support systems and doing work collaboratively if someone is in crisis or being attacked for public interest work.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1549038438394" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="SITU: How to better tackle disinformation" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/auBpn5Y9kUk?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="forensics" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1558634439236" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 62px; line-height: 62px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #333333; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">For deepfakes and media forensics researchers</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="misinformation" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075121989" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What is the current state of play around misinformation and disinformation?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">You don’t usually have to ‘fake’ images to use them for misinformation, nor do images need to be of high quality.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the current misinformation environment it’s not typically about creating fakes most of the time; more typically it’s about re-contextualizing and recycling existing visual content and presenting genuine content in misleading way. Like with deepfakes, </span><b>it’s much harder to detect when some content is authentic, and it’s not 100% fabricated.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Also, </span><b>when the media itself is authentic but the surrounding messaging or framing is disinformation this poses a different problem</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: how can we better detect a genuine image but framed in misleading way by a problematic account?</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While staged videos are encountered, they are not nearly as common as recycled content or lightly edited audio, video or one of two. </span><b>Lightly edited content</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> often involves changes of text in an image (for example, a Miami Herald story shared on Snapchat related to the Parkland shooting but with photoshopped text and then someone took screenshoots and reshared), or use of fake screenshots of articles on WhatsApp.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Conditions of circulation on social media means </span><b>images don’t need to be high quality to be used for manipulation</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and anyway a lot of current disinformation tactics are done through </span><b>text and storytelling</b> <b>and do not require too much technical capacity.</b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle: Shift to genuine content framed in misleading ways" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qfhzH1mg1es?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Memes matter.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><b>Visuals and memes are the most dangerous vehicles of information disorder</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Memes are easy to reproduce, simplify concepts and thus impacts conversation. For purposes of detection, checking and challenging they are a combination of text and images so you have to analyze both.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle: Visuals and memes are the most dangerous vehicles of information disorder" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wrrSa4ABN_g?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Erosion of trust is an underlying fundamental issue.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A bigger question is how to tackle biases. People want to believe what they want to believe and bring their own cognitive frame to a story. What is the place of forensics and media verification in situations where all that’s needed is to insert doubt, not create flawless forgeries.</span></p> <p><b>It only takes inserting a doubt to delegitimize something in this context, not a complex fake. </b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle: "Biggest threat is misinformation with a kernel of truth in it"" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6hIVvTH99Rc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="newsgathering" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075147180" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What are OSINT/social newsgathering/fact-checking community currently doing to detect misinformation and verify information (and what are existing challenges/needs)?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_tabstabs_holder clearfix" data-interval="0"> <div class="tabs horizontal"> <ul class="tabs-nav"><li><a href="#tab-8d057ded-f62a-2">NYT Visual Investigations</a></li><li><a href="#tab-8a36cf77-00ce-0">SITU Research</a></li></ul> <div class='tabs-container'> <div id="tab-" class="tab-content"> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Malachy Browne explains work of NYT Visual Investigations" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6AUin5yRA-E?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-" class="tab-content"> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="SITU Research: Project process" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FWLnxwHMZj0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">OSINT work depends on a lot of checks of semantic integrity as well as approaches grounded in journalistic corroboration and review of source credibility<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Investigators look to </span><b>find date, location, source for creation and sharing and then cross-corroborate with other reporting and open-source data </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">(e.g. satellite imagery). Metadata is the first level to detect inconsistencies, but need to go beyond it because it also can be falsified.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When there is less content it’s more challenging. It’s also more challenging for social newsgathering approaches the further you get from original source and the time of creation as it gets harder to complement research with talking with eyewitnesses and individuals involved in filming and sharing. Forensics are also used in in-depth investigations to understand the inter-relationship of videos or images and to map them in physical space within forensic architecture and spatial analysis practices.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An example of the BBC’s work in this space, identifying the perpetrators of an extrajudicial killing in Cameroon is documented clearly </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbnLkc6r3yc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">here:</span></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Cameroon: Anatomy of a Killing - BBC Africa Eye documentary" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XbnLkc6r3yc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Debunking in itself is not enough.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This relates to questions of how to debunk information and use plain language to present information derived from detection tools to people. People don’t necessarily trust fact-checking and news institutions, and fact-checks don’t reach people who consume misinformation and disinformation, so </span><b>newsrooms and fact-checkers need to also focus on audience development and communication strategies that reflect networked information ecosystems</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and learn from the effectiveness of disinformation networks in strategic amplification of messages), as well as how to customize and adapt fact-checks for different demographics.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Sometimes you don’t want to publish a debunk<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It’s important to understand that the level of virality of a piece of content may determine what the tipping point is where you move from providing oxygen to a rumor by discussing it, to needing provide information to audiences to debunk it. You have to move quickly but not too early. </span><b>Debunking will give a rumor oxygen</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> if it didn’t have it already because increased exposure to the rumor gives it a familiarity makes it that people remember it and some might start believing it. For example, during the collaborative project on the Brazilian elections, the Comprova coalition debunked around 300 media items, but published only 150 or so, as the others were too niche and hadn’t crossed the tipping point. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Collaboration is key.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A series of collaborations between new organizations around elections (such as Verificado in Mexico, Comprova in Brazil and Africa Check in Nigeria) have demonstrated the value in verification and debunking of </span><b>collaboration between organizations on identifying and communicating around misinformation and disinformation</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, as well as the power of increased public trust created by multiple news participants.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle on tackling disinformation during elections" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P3z-t9BNwwE?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">One way to detect disinformation is to understand how it fits within a larger system/network. Rather than content or source/provenance, you can focus on other parts of the system such as actors and the spaces they work in.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A networked propaganda model looks at who’s involved in creating and amplifying content, rather than waiting for fact-checks on the content. This approach looks at how content originates in and moves between the dark web, secure network, anonymized networks and open networks. Disinformation actors will look to originate content in secure, dark or anonymized networks, and plan out strategic communication approaches (what meme to use, what hashtag to push etc) in the same spaces. Then they will do tactical dissemination in anonymous and open networks, and rely on amplification in open networks from not only the community that pushed the content but also regular people and fact-checkers. This is often complemented by amplification by mainstream media.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Benjamin Decker: Disinformation within platforms" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xF9TT9FzrI8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Benjamin Decker: Mapping political disinformation (cropped)" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Qxv5FxZxGFM?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Source-checking is often the route to confirming misinformation and disinformation.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Much </span><b>disinformation is sourced in closed messaging spaces and the anonymous web</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and discussed in chat-boards like 4Chan, 8Chan and Discord.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle: We need to do more 'source-checking'" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X_SxmoK22VA?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">WhatsApp is a breeding ground for mis/disinformation.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><b>Closed messaging apps are on the rise, forming networked small groups of trust</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Within these apps, groups are a particular problem as the only heuristic you have for whether something is true is that someone you trust has sent it to the group. They are also hard for journalists to access, and there are no internal mechanisms in the tools to flag audiovisual or other content as inauthentic.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">There are ethical dilemmas faced by journalists going into closed messaging apps and by crafting tools to identify and/or flag disinformation in those spaces.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It’s ethically challenging to make decisions about accessing those groups (even if they are technically open) to scrape data, or identify misinformation examples, rather than waiting for people within those groups to submit or identify content themselves. What should we do with communities that are known to be orchestrating disinformation campaigns? In order to navigate the line between newsgathering, investigation and surveillance, </span><b>investigators need ways to engage with content while still protecting privacy </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">– this could be supported by tools for users reporting-out a suspect content item, or an integrity tool that flags known misinformation as it enters a channel.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle on the challenge of closed messaging apps" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5HqoRPW2Xhw?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1549038438394" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Malachy Browne on verification" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LyCddUuZZIY?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="both" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1558634074746" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 62px; line-height: 62px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #333333; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">For both communities</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 50px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="imagedetection" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075196221" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What would be most useful to OSINT/verification/truth-finding practitioners on the image/video manipulation detection side?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">There are real world challenges of verification and real-world limitations of tools.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Journalists have to handle real-time feeds that require fast decisions and so require tools for </span><b>real-time analysis and manual verification takes too much time</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Meanwhile the </span><b>forensic tools for non-technical people are not readily available </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">and most current verification is done manually. Investigators also deal with both a </span><b>high quantity and low quality of content</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and the reality that the </span><b>compression</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> created by platforms and messaging apps reduces opportunities for forensic analysis. It’s also often the case that a </span><b>forgery does not need to be perfect</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> – it just needs to insert doubt or confirm beliefs, not be flawless. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle: How does First Draft News verify media" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/viZSKWtabe8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">We need better tools for non-technical people.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Currently </span><b>most tools are not accessible to non-technical people. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">The gap is not closing fast enough in terms of availability. There needs to be more coordination between journalists, media companies and computer scientists to </span><b>vet a set of good tools</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, not just rely on open-source image forensics tools, and to </span><b>make available tools the platforms develop to other users</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Claire Wardle: tools + need real life examples" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/onnpzH4VtIY?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Tools within platforms.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The OSINT community would benefit from having </span><b>better tools useable and available within the platforms </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">(social media, search) themselves for the OSINT community to use, and for users to notify or check on content they question – for example, a </span><b>query tool out of WhatsApp</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that does not compromise overall end-to-end encryption but allows users to check an image or video against existing, known misinformation sources.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Fast approaches.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Social media feeds and information in them are </span><b>happening in real time, mostly not filtered, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">so from a journalist’s point of view, there is a sense of urgency to tackle this. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="SITU Research: Need to tackle disinformation quicker" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zr_NwHG84d0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Cross platform analysis is a big problem.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Particularly given the closed nature of WhatsApp and Facebook Groups (See </span><b>“WhatsApp as breeding ground for mis/disinformation” </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">below for more). An approach to this could include also options to tag audiovisual content as suspect and find ways to track it across platforms (noting challenges of how to handle this in closed groups with encryption).</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="SITU Research: Synthetic media in closed platforms" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9bVjLlKjJ0E?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Journalists and investigators need to understand the science behind deep fakes and how they are detected.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In order to both be able to effectively use tools (and know their limits) and also to communicate back to public how and why they were able to detect fakery. This is because for journalists, the</span><b> challenge is not just getting to the conclusions themselves, but digesting them into a storytelling package for a general audience. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is always the question of how do you become accountable/actionable with the information you’ve learned about a piece of manipulated media. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="osinttools" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075224434" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What tools would be useful to OSINT and social newsgatherers to respond to audiovisual manipulation problems?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_tabstabs_holder clearfix" data-interval="0"> <div class="tabs horizontal"> <ul class="tabs-nav"><li><a href="#tab-0c7d3b7b-2dab-7">SITU Research</a></li><li><a href="#tab-8bf9ba14-0327-8">Benjamin Decker</a></li></ul> <div class='tabs-container'> <div id="tab-" class="tab-content"> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="SITU Research: Ideal tool for their work" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PZDh2BHPa1s?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-" class="tab-content"> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="Benjamin Decker: Tools that can help verification" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8H7heinB8HU?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Checklists</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">for how to review manipulated images/video.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">A list of existing media verification tools</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">(preferably ones that are already built, without coding skills requirements) that are publicly available today and that have been </span><b>peer-reviewed and tested</b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">An analysis tool for what one knows/doesn’t know about an image based on cross-platform analysis.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Journalists and OSINT investigators use tools to quickly gather evidence and classify it and debunk if necessary. It would be useful to have a tool that quickly analyzes content to show for example, if content was reposted on different social media and the provenance or type of cameras that was used.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tools to indicate </span><b>the degree of certainty</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">if an image/video is fake or to </span><b>flag potential anomalies</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to a human reviewer.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tools for easier</span><b> forensic copy-paste detection</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><b>and to</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> figure out if a part of image has been processed differently than other areas.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tools that </span><b>link images, video to a specific device or type of device</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">or identify what </span><b>social networks they have passed through</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Technologies focused on </span><b>audio</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to including tools that can facilitate </span><b>speaker recognition</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is because the ability to proving if the person is the person it is supposed to be could emerge as critical</span><b><i>. </i></b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Reverse video search.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is critical existing need for the ability to search for previous usages of a video (including lightly edited versions of the same video) that predates deepfakes and relates to the vast majority of repurposed and otherwise zombie media.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Image tagging tools.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Investigators need ways to do image tagging as suspect on open platforms and in closed groups and to have this carry across platforms. This is related to tools for </span><b>provenance, use and trajectory tracking</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> across platforms so can identify deep fakes and misinformation at the original source. Images are laundered across platforms and so its key to be able to determine where images came from and trace back to source. In misinformation, going back to original source (who uploaded, when, other metadata) is key.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Tools to automate and connect the dots</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">on planning and implementation of disinformation campaign across dark web, secure spaces, anonymous web and open web, rather than focus on the content.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blockchain-based tools for </span><b>logging and tracking original images and creating ‘islands of trust’</b></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With different communities as consensus nodes and the ability to add confirmed metadata to audiovisual content. Journalists wouldn’t rely on these exclusively and would want to run their own verification processes but could provide signals of trust and enable better source verification.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Network mapping tools</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">to show who is who is creating, collecting and distributing propaganda and manipulated media (key actors).</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><b>A third-party database of known examples of misinformation </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">for journalists</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Trusted analysis entity.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A web-based tool to evaluate integrity of images/graphs and provide a flag to a researcher to do further analysis. Examples exist for example like </span><a href="http://www.ithenticate.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IThenticate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">: that detects plagiarism in text, and are being developed for images published in scientific journals.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div id="learn" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1559075255043" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section" style='background-color:#333333; padding-top:25px; padding-bottom:15px;'><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 42px; line-height: 42px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">What do both OSINT and social newsgathering and deepfakes and media forensic researchers need to learn from each other going forward?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy" title="SITU Research: How to strengthen community working on disinformation" width="1060" height="596" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yFdE0MCqwVI?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1555350637154" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Communicate better between research and practitioner communities.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For a range of reasons, the researchers and the practitioners are not talking to each other. This is because of a lack of resources to support this type of conversation, and the question of how to match the </span><b>incentive structures</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of academia, civil society, government, funders and journalism as well as understand the distinct ethical concerns of each sector. </span><b>Structures of collaboration are not well incentivized or aligned. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">For journalists, it’s also in the </span><b>context of shrinking resources and newsrooms.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> However, both groups see a need to be better connected. A closer connection and community would allow the two groups to </span><b>understand each others’ tools</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><b>disseminate research in a practical way.</b></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">We need to bridge the knowledge divide between technical community and journalist community<span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The meeting has shown that there are a lot of resources/capabilities available that are untapped and journalists don’t know about, however there is a question of </span><b>how</b> <b>to make them useful and work within journalist workflow as products</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and vice-versa technical researchers want to understand real-world scenarios and grapple with real-world data.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Share existing tools and progress on new tools where possible, and provide hands-on training on particular media forensics tools<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are </span><b>clear knowledge gaps between what the forensic community takes as givens and what OSINT community knows exists</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. An example of this would be existing tools for copy-paste detection as well as tools under development to track digital fingerprints of particular cameras, of what tool modified an image, and what social networks it has passed through. That said, </span><b>many technologies are not yet commercialized or made user-friendly outside of research contexts</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Better data sharing would accelerate this to refine tools to the type of problems that OSINT community is tackling.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Build diversified forensic and OSINT expertise<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We need to find ways to support having </span><b>local image forensics and OSINT expertise in the diverse range of settings</b> <b>where misinformation and disinformation are encountered globally</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, since understanding local context matters.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Hold ongoing community-building events<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We need to </span><b>connect, meet more often</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Examples of events this could be integrated into include ongoing community-building events WITNESS continuing series of events bringing together researchers and OSINT, global south-based meetings about different misinformation patterns, and work on journalistic preparedness. There could also be smaller, more local meetups to discuss how to concretely move forward on collaborations.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;"><b>Write grants together </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">to </span><b>align ideas, expectations and resources</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">More detailed workshopping and knowledge exchange to go to the next level of understanding.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some ideas of how to do this include:</span></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Using a </span><b>human-centered design/design thinking/systems thinking format </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">explore each other’s needs and work in-depth and to have structured time to come with a prototype or the beginning of ideas for possible solutions that can then be worked on</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Share </span><b>practical examples of the research and tech in action</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> – identifying manipulations, why it’s manipulated and how it operated</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Hands-on training</b> <b>on particular media forensics tools</b></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Workshops around specific scenarios</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, including testing tools </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Workshop how to translate research in a practical way for journalists and publics</b></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Ongoing knowledge exchange</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to help understand each others’ timescales and workflows </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Knowledge exchange placement w</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">here someone spends a certain amount of time working with someone else or in a specific org helping them develop tools</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Share understanding of threat models for doing this work </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">that affect researchers and investigators</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Need for multiple fora for ongoing conversation and alerts.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A </span><b>notification system/email list/twitter bot</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to let key OSINT investigators, deepfakes researchers know that manipulated video or deep fake has been identified, or to share feedback on successes or failings of tools</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Alert list for when the ‘misinformation event’ happens</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and we need each other’s help</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Rolodex of contacts/sources to connect with</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Participants can build up contact source list of subject experts through meetings like this</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Slack team/email mailing list/Whatsapp or other forum</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to share knowledge, tough cases or examples, to develop projects, to ask questions of other experts (note: as long as we have agreed guidelines and ethics)</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Support structured conversations on particular issues.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are issues that are already a challenge, and others that will grow in importance where structured conversations between sectors could be valuable: </span><b>for example, on how we prevent knowledge being used by nefarious actors</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">; or on how we consider and feedback on pending legislation.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Develop shared taxonomies<span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since not everyone agrees on </span><b>common terminologies around mis/disinformation</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> this makes it hard to create clean data sets for analyzing.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Share training opportunities.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We need to </span><b>learn from each other in structured settings</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. One example of a training opportunity is the</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">new deepfakes forensics course being offered by the National Center for Media Forensics at UC Denver. There are also ongoing projects and training opportunities in real-world contexts and scenarions in the OSINT/journalistic/human rights world. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">Share datasets and examples.</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Within ethical requirements, </span><b>sharing real-world data and content examples to inform research could be critically useful.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> We also should note that some data and some examples cannot be released publicly and identify what can be ethically shared to learn and understand what to do better around the issue. This may require a third party to facilitate. There also needs to be </span><b>an equal relationship between parties involved, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">so not to build power imbalances on who benefits from data.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; color: #e6851c; text-decoration: none; text-align: left;">A data escrow service?</span><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One option to explore collectively could be to look at models of a </span><b>data escrow service that provided a way to ethically use each others’ data</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> but with clear protections and limits. </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><span class="custom_font_holder" style="font-family: Roboto; 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