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dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Lincoln (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈlɪŋkən/</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral city">cathedral city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>, England, of which it is the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a>. In the 2021 Census, the city's district had a population of 103,813.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> The 2021 census gave the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Urban Area">urban area of Lincoln</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bracebridge_Heath" title="Bracebridge Heath">Bracebridge Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Hykeham" title="North Hykeham">North Hykeham</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Hykeham" title="South Hykeham">South Hykeham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waddington,_Lincolnshire" title="Waddington, Lincolnshire">Waddington</a>, a recorded population of 127,540.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lincoln</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Lindon, Lindum Colonia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral city">Cathedral city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Lincoln/City of Lincoln</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg/238px-Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg/357px-Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg/476px-Lincoln_Cathedral_viewed_from_Lincoln_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Corn_Exchange,_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/The_Corn_Exchange%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg/134px-The_Corn_Exchange%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/The_Corn_Exchange%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg/201px-The_Corn_Exchange%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/The_Corn_Exchange%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg/268px-The_Corn_Exchange%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6692871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Cornhill_Quarter,_Lincoln" title="Cornhill Quarter, Lincoln">Cornhill Quarter</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg/100px-High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg/150px-High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg/200px-High_Street_Bridge_on_Lincoln_High_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="726"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/High_Bridge,_Lincoln" title="High Bridge, Lincoln">High Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/River_Witham" title="River Witham">River Witham</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Steep_Hill,_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Steep_Hill%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg/117px-Steep_Hill%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Steep_Hill%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg/176px-Steep_Hill%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Steep_Hill%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg/234px-Steep_Hill%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3368178.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg/117px-Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg/176px-Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg/234px-Brayford_Pool_and_Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4114887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Brayford_Pool" title="Brayford Pool">Brayford Pool</a> and the cathedral</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg/238px-Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg/357px-Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg/476px-Lincoln_City_Skyline_in_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250"></a></div><div>Lincoln city skyline</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lincoln.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lincoln"><img alt="Flag of Lincoln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Lincoln.svg/150px-Flag_of_Lincoln.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Lincoln.svg/225px-Flag_of_Lincoln.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Lincoln.svg/300px-Flag_of_Lincoln.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lincoln"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lincoln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lincoln.svg/85px-Lincoln.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lincoln.svg/128px-Lincoln.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lincoln.svg/170px-Lincoln.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Tank Town,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shown within Lincolnshire"><img alt="Shown within Lincolnshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg/250px-Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg/375px-Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg/500px-Lincoln_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1305"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Shown within <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln is located in the East Midlands"><img alt="Lincoln is located in the East Midlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/250px-East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/375px-East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/500px-East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1305"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.204%;left:62.444%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lincoln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lincoln</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the East Midlands</div>Show map of the East Midlands</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:England_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln is located in England"><img alt="Lincoln is located in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-England_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="2431"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.347%;left:70.984%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lincoln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lincoln</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in England</div>Show map of England</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln is located in the United Kingdom"><img alt="Lincoln is located in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2083"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.764%;left:79.251%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lincoln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lincoln</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in United Kingdom</div>Show map of the United Kingdom</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln is located in Europe"><img alt="Lincoln is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.587%;left:21.958%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lincoln" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lincoln</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Europe</div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lincoln,_England&params=53_13_42_N_0_32_20_W_region:GB_type:city(103813)">53°13′42″N 0°32′20″W / 53.22833°N 0.53889°W / 53.22833; -0.53889</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1072</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1974</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative centre</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_Hall" title="Lincoln City Hall">Lincoln City Hall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wards and suburbs of the city</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Abbey,_Lincoln" title="Abbey, Lincoln">Abbey</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Birchwood,_Lincoln" title="Birchwood, Lincoln">Birchwood</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Boultham" title="Boultham">Boultham</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Carholme,_Lincoln" title="Carholme, Lincoln">Carholme</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Castle,_Lincoln" title="Castle, Lincoln">Castle</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Glebe,_Lincoln" title="Glebe, Lincoln">Glebe</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hartsholme" title="Hartsholme">Hartsholme</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Minster,_Lincoln" title="Minster, Lincoln">Minster</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moorland,_Lincoln" title="Moorland, Lincoln">Moorland</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Park,_Lincoln" title="Park, Lincoln">Park</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Witham,_Lincoln" title="Witham, Lincoln">Witham</a> (Ward)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Boultham_Moor" title="Boultham Moor">Boultham Moor</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bracebridge,_Lincolnshire" title="Bracebridge, Lincolnshire">Bracebridge</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bracebridge_Heath" title="Bracebridge Heath">Bracebridge Heath</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bracebridge_Low_Fields" title="Bracebridge Low Fields">Bracebridge Low Fields</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Burton,_Lincolnshire" title="Burton, Lincolnshire">Burton</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Waters" title="Burton Waters">Burton Waters</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Canwick" title="Canwick">Canwick</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Canwick_Hill" title="Canwick Hill">Canwick Hill</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cornhill_Quarter,_Lincoln" title="Cornhill Quarter, Lincoln">Cornhill Quarter</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ermine,_Lincoln" title="Ermine, Lincoln">Ermine</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ermine_East" title="Ermine East">Ermine East</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ermine_West" title="Ermine West">Ermine West</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hykeham_Central" title="Hykeham Central">Hykeham Central</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hykeham_Fosse" title="Hykeham Fosse">Hykeham Fosse</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hykeham Memorial</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Monks_Road" title="Monks Road">Monks Road</a> (District)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/New_Boultham" title="New Boultham">New Boultham</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Newland,_Lincoln" title="Newland, Lincoln">Newland</a> (District)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Lincoln" title="Newport, Lincoln">Newport</a> (District)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/North_Hykeham" title="North Hykeham">North Hykeham</a> (Town)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Riseholme" title="Riseholme">Riseholme</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Skellingthorpe" title="Skellingthorpe">Skellingthorpe</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/South_Hykeham" title="South Hykeham">South Hykeham</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s,_Lincoln" title="St Catherine's, Lincoln">St Catherine's</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St_Giles_Estate,_Lincoln" title="St Giles Estate, Lincoln">St Giles Estate</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Swallowbeck" title="Swallowbeck">Swallowbeck</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Swanpool,_Lincoln" title="Swanpool, Lincoln">Swanpool</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Waddington,_Lincolnshire" title="Waddington, Lincolnshire">Waddington</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Waddington_Low_Fields" title="Waddington Low Fields">Waddington Low Fields</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Washingborough" title="Washingborough">Washingborough</a> (Village)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/West_End,_Lincoln" title="West End, Lincoln">West End</a> (District)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Western_Growth_Corridor" title="Lincoln Western Growth Corridor">Western Growth Corridor</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wigford" title="Wigford">Wigford</a> (District)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lincoln_Council" title="City of Lincoln Council">City of Lincoln Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Leader_and_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader and cabinet">Leadership</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2000#Options_for_council_executive_forms" title="Local Government Act 2000">Leader and cabinet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom#Unitary_authorities" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lincoln,_England" title="List of mayors of Lincoln, England">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alan Brigg <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">(Con)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Council Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Naomi Tweddle <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(Lab)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City and District</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13.78 sq mi (35.69 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City and District</div></th><td class="infobox-data">103,813</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">236th <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">(of 296)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,780/sq mi (687/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">130,200</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">189,000<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lincolnian, Lincolnite, Lincolner</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 92.2% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.2% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1.4% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion (2021)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 50.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 45.5% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_England" title="Buddhism in England">Buddhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1.4% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode areas</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/LN_postcode_area" title="LN postcode area">LN</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01522</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">32UD (ONS) E07000138 (GSS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_national_grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British national grid reference system">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lincoln,_England&params=53.227193_N_0.548438_W_region:GB_scale:25000">SK9771</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary airports</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Airport" title="Humberside Airport">Humberside</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Airport" title="East Midlands Airport">East Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Councillors</th><td class="infobox-data">33</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">Member of Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Falconer" title="Hamish Falconer">Hamish Falconer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Lab</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincoln.gov.uk">www.lincoln.gov.uk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Lindum_Colonia" title="Lindum Colonia">Lindum Colonia</a> developed from an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> settlement of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Witham" title="River Witham">River Witham</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Fosse_Way" title="Fosse Way">Fosse Way</a> road. Over time its name was shortened to Lincoln, after successive settlements, including by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danes_(tribe)" title="Danes (tribe)">Danes</a>. Landmarks include <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English Gothic architecture</a>; for over 200 years the world's tallest building) and the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a>. The city hosts the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_F.C." title="Lincoln City F.C.">Lincoln City F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_United_F.C." title="Lincoln United F.C.">Lincoln United F.C.</a> Lincoln is the largest settlement in Lincolnshire, with the towns of <a href="/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a> second largest and <a href="/wiki/Scunthorpe" title="Scunthorpe">Scunthorpe</a> third. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Earliest_history">1.1 Earliest history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Lindum_Colonia">1.2 Lindum Colonia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Lincylene">1.3 Lincylene</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Green_cloth">1.4 Green cloth</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Decline,_dissolution_and_damage">1.5 Decline, dissolution and damage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Revolutions">1.6 Revolutions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#20th_and_21st_centuries">1.7 20th and 21st centuries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Economy">2 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Tourism">2.1 Tourism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Demographics">3 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Religious_sites">4 Religious sites</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Cathedral">4.1 Cathedral</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Geography_and_environment">5 Geography and environment</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Uphill_and_Downhill">5.1 Uphill and Downhill</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Ecology">5.2 Ecology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Built-up_area">5.3 Built-up area</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Climate">5.4 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Transport">6 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Rail">6.1 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Road">6.2 Road</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Air">6.3 Air</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Education">7 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Higher_education">7.1 Higher education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Further_education">7.2 Further education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Schools">7.3 Schools</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Media">8 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Sport">9 Sport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Notable_people">10 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#International_relations">11 International relations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Twin_towns">11.1 Twin towns</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Freedom_of_the_city">12 Freedom of the city</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Individuals">12.1 Individuals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Military_units">12.2 Military units</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Arms">13 Arms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#See_also">14 See also</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Attractions">14.1 Attractions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Places">14.2 Places</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#People">14.3 People</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Societies_and_groups">14.4 Societies and groups</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notes">15 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References">16 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Footnotes">16.1 Footnotes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Sources">16.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Video_links">17.1 Video links</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lincoln" title="Timeline of Lincoln">Timeline of Lincoln</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_Centre" title="Lincoln City Centre">Lincoln City Centre</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earliest_history">Earliest history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earliest history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The earliest origins of Lincoln can be traced to remains of an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> settlement of round wooden dwellings, discovered by archaeologists in 1972, which have been dated to the 1st century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It was built by <a href="/wiki/Brayford_Pool" title="Brayford Pool">Brayford Pool</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Witham" title="River Witham">River Witham</a> at the foot of a large hill, on which the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> later built <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a>. The name Lincoln may come from this period, when the settlement is thought to have been named in the <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic languages">Brittonic language</a> of Iron Age Britain's <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> inhabitants as Lindon, "The Pool",<a href="#cite_note-Matasovi%C4%872009-8">[8]</a> presumably referring to Brayford Pool (compare the etymology of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, from the Gaelic dubh linn "black pool"). The extent of the original settlement is unknown, as its remains are buried beneath the later Roman and medieval ruins and modern Lincoln. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lindum_Colonia">Lindum Colonia</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lindum Colonia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_Arch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Newport_Arch.jpg/220px-Newport_Arch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="2216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Newport_Arch.jpg/220px-Newport_Arch.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Newport_Arch.jpg/330px-Newport_Arch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Newport_Arch.jpg/440px-Newport_Arch.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Newport_Arch" title="Newport Arch">Newport Arch</a>, a 3rd-century Roman gate</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lindum_Colonia" title="Lindum Colonia">Lindum Colonia</a></div> The Romans conquered this part of Britain in 48 CE and soon built a legionary fortress high on a hill overlooking the natural lake, Brayford Pool, formed by the widening of the River Witham, and the northern end of the <a href="/wiki/Fosse_Way" title="Fosse Way">Fosse Way</a> Roman road (A46). Celtic Lindon was later <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latinised</a> to Lindum and the title Colonia added when it became settled by army veterans.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The conversion to a colonia occurred when the legion moved on to <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> (Eboracum) in 71 CE. Lindum colonia or more fully, Colonia Domitiana Lindensium, after the then Emperor <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>, was set up within the walls of the hilltop fortress by extending it with about an equal area, down the hillside to the waterside. It became a flourishing settlement accessible from the sea through the <a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">River Trent</a> and through the River Witham. On the basis of a patently corrupt list of British bishops said to have attended the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Arles_(314)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Arles (314)">314 Council of Arles</a>, the city is often seen as having been the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flavia_Caesariensis" title="Flavia Caesariensis">Flavia Caesariensis</a>, formed during the late 3rd-century <a href="/wiki/Diocletian_Reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocletian Reforms">Diocletian Reforms</a>. Subsequently, the town and its waterways declined. By the close of the 5th century, it was largely deserted, although some occupation continued under a Praefectus Civitatis – <a href="/wiki/Paulinus_of_York" title="Paulinus of York">Saint Paulinus</a> visited a man holding this office in Lincoln in 629 CE. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lincylene">Lincylene</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lincylene" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Castle,_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg/330px-Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg/440px-Lincoln_Castle%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689665.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>East Gate, Lincoln Castle</figcaption></figure> Germanic tribes from the North Sea area settled Lincolnshire in the 5th to 6th centuries. The Latin Lindum Colonia shrank in <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> to Lindocolina, then to Lincylene.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> After the first <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> raids, the city again rose to some importance with overseas trading ties. In Viking times Lincoln had its own mint, by far the most important in Lincolnshire and by the end of the 10th century, comparable in output to that of <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> After establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a> in 886, Lincoln became one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Burghs" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Burghs">Five East Midland Boroughs</a>. Excavations at Flaxengate reveal that an area deserted since Roman times received timber-framed buildings fronting a new street system in about 900.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Lincoln underwent an economic explosion with the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Danes</a>. Like York, the Upper City seems to have had purely administrative functions up to 850 or so, while the Lower City, down the hill towards the River Witham, may have been largely deserted. By 950, however, the Witham banks were developed, the Lower City resettled and the suburb of Wigford emerging as a trading centre. In 1068, two years after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of England">William I</a> ordered Lincoln Castle to be built on the site of the old Roman settlement, for the same strategic reasons and controlling the same road, the <a href="/wiki/Fosse_Way" title="Fosse Way">Fosse Way</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PS1-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_cloth">Green cloth</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Green cloth" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG/220px-Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="884"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG/220px-Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG/330px-Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG/440px-Lincoln_Guildhall_Coat_of_arms.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Coat of arms of King James I added in 1617 when the monarch visited the city for nine days</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">the Anarchy</a>, in 1141 Lincoln was the site of a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lincoln_(1141)" title="Battle of Lincoln (1141)">battle</a> between <a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen of England">King Stephen</a> and the forces of <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Empress Matilda</a>, led by her illegitimate half-brother <a href="/wiki/Robert,_1st_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester">Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester</a>. After fierce fighting in the city streets, Stephen's forces were defeated and Stephen himself captured and taken to <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>. By 1150, Lincoln was among the wealthiest towns in England, based economically on cloth and <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> exported to <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>; Lincoln <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weavers</a> had set up a <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> in 1130 to produce Lincoln Cloth, especially the fine dyed "scarlet" and "green", whose reputation was later enhanced by the legendary <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> wearing woollens of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_green" title="Lincoln green">Lincoln green</a>. In the Guildhall, surmounting the city gate called the <a href="/wiki/Guildhall_and_Stonebow,_Lincoln" title="Guildhall and Stonebow, Lincoln">Stonebow</a>, the ancient Council Chamber contains Lincoln's civic insignia, a fine collection of civic regalia. Outside the precincts of cathedral and castle, the old quarter clustered round the Bailgate and down <a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a> to the <a href="/wiki/High_Street,_Lincoln" title="High Street, Lincoln">High Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Bridge,_Lincoln" title="High Bridge, Lincoln">High Bridge</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Half-timbered" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbered">half-timbered</a> housing juts out over the river. There are three ancient churches: <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_le_Wigford" title="St Mary le Wigford">St Mary le Wigford</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Peter_at_Gowts" title="St Peter at Gowts">St Peter at Gowts</a>, both 11th century in origin, and <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene,_Bailgate,_Lincoln" title="St Mary Magdalene, Bailgate, Lincoln">St Mary Magdalene</a>, from the late 13th century. The last is an unusual English dedication to a saint whose cult was coming into vogue on the European continent at the time. Lincoln was home to one of five main <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">Jewish communities in England</a>, well established before it was officially noted in 1154. In 1190, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> riots that started in <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">King's Lynn</a>, Norfolk, spread to Lincoln; the Jewish community took refuge with royal officials, but their homes were plundered. The so-called <a href="/wiki/Norman_House" title="Norman House">House of Aaron</a> has a two-storey street frontage that is essentially 12th century and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_House" title="Jew's House">Jew's House</a> likewise bears witness to the Jewish population.<a href="#cite_note-Local_Heritage-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-16">[16]</a> In 1255, the affair called "<a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">The Libel of Lincoln</a>" in which prominent Lincoln Jews, accused of ritual murder of a Christian boy (<a href="/wiki/Little_Saint_Hugh_of_Lincoln" title="Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln">Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln</a> in medieval folklore) were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> and 18 executed.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-16">[16]</a> The Jews were all expelled in 1290.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jew%27s_Court,_Lincoln.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg/220px-Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="2259"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 185px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg/220px-Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg/330px-Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg/440px-Jew%27s_Court%2C_Lincoln.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Frontage of Jews' Court on <a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a></figcaption></figure> Thirteenth-century Lincoln was England's third largest city and a favourite of more than one king. In the <a href="/wiki/First_Barons%27_War" title="First Barons' War">First Barons' War</a>, it was caught in the strife between the king and rebel barons allied with the French. <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lincoln_(1217)" title="Battle of Lincoln (1217)">Here</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a> the French and Rebel army was defeated. Thereafter the town was pillaged for having sided with <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Prince Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DeRemilitari-17">[17]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a>, of 1266, the disinherited rebels attacked the Jews of Lincoln, ransacked the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> and burned the records that registered debts.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline,_dissolution_and_damage">Decline, dissolution and damage</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decline, dissolution and damage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Some historians have the city's fortunes declining from the 14th century, but others argue that it remained buoyant in trade and communications well into the 15th. In 1409, the city became a <a href="/wiki/County_corporate" title="County corporate">county corporate</a>: the County of the City of Lincoln, formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Lindsey" title="West Riding of Lindsey">West Riding of Lindsey</a> since at least the time of the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>. Additional rights were then conferred by successive monarchs, including those of an assay town (controlling metal manufacturing, for example).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The oldest surviving <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a> in English, <a href="/wiki/The_Interlude_of_the_Student_and_the_Girl" title="The Interlude of the Student and the Girl">The Interlude of the Student and the Girl</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1300), may have originated from Lincoln. Lincoln's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, not officially endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a>, is believed to date from the 14th century. It is <a href="/wiki/Argent_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argent (heraldry)">Argent</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Cross_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross (heraldry)">cross</a> <a href="/wiki/Gules_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gules (heraldry)">gules</a> a <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a>. The cross is believed to derive from the Diocese. The fleur-de-lis symbolises the cathedral dedication to the Virgin Mary. The <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> is CIVITAS LINCOLNIA ("City of Lincoln").<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Bridge,_High_Street,_Lincoln.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg/220px-High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="706"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 198px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg/220px-High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg/330px-High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg/440px-High_Bridge%2C_High_Street%2C_Lincoln.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>16th-century High Bridge</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> cut Lincoln's main source of diocesan income and dried up the network of patronage controlled by the bishop. Seven monasteries closed in the city alone, as did several nearby abbeys, which further diminished the region's political power. A symbol of Lincoln's economic and political decline came in 1549, when the cathedral's great spire rotted and collapsed and was not replaced. However, the comparative poverty of post-medieval Lincoln preserved pre-medieval structures that would probably have been lost under more prosperous conditions. Between 1642 and 1651 in the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Lincoln was on a frontier between the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentary</a> forces and changed hands several times.<a href="#cite_note-Wedgwood_1970_248-21">[21]</a> Many buildings were badly damaged. Lincoln now had no major industry and no easy access to the sea. It suffered as the rest of the country was beginning to prosper in the early 18th century, travellers often commenting on what had essentially become a one-street town.<a href="#cite_note-Wedgwood_1970_248-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolutions">Revolutions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Revolutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> By the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a>, Lincoln's fortunes began to pick up, thanks in part to the <a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural Revolution</a>. Reopening of the <a href="/wiki/Foss_Dyke" title="Foss Dyke">Foss Dyke</a> canal eased imports of coal and other raw materials vital to industry. Along with the economic growth of Lincoln in this period, the city boundaries were spread to include the West Common. To this day, an annual Beat the Boundaries walk takes place along its perimeter. Coupled with the arrival of railway links, Lincoln boomed again during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, and several famous companies arose, such as <a href="/wiki/Ruston_(engine_builder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruston (engine builder)">Ruston's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clayton_%26_Shuttleworth" title="Clayton & Shuttleworth">Clayton</a>'s, <a href="/wiki/Ruston,_Proctor_and_Company" title="Ruston, Proctor and Company">Proctor</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/William_Foster_%26_Co._Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="William Foster & Co. Ltd">William Foster's</a>. Lincoln began to excel in heavy engineering, by building locomotives, steam shovels and all manner of heavy machinery. It was also around this time that the town's name became overshadowed in the world's consciousness by a different meaning of the word “Lincoln”: namely, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, who led his country through <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">their brutal Civil War</a> and succeeded in abolishing <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">nearly all slavery within its borders</a>. Abraham Lincoln's surname does trace back to the English town of Lincoln, but his family had migrated to <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a> long before his birth.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Many locations in the U.S. now bear the name Lincoln, such as <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>. But the shared name with England's Lincoln is only coincidental, as the U.S. place names were named in honor of Abraham Lincoln. A permanent military presence came with the 1857 completion of the <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Barracks,_Lincoln" title="The Old Barracks, Lincoln">"Old Barracks"</a> (now held by the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lincolnshire_Life" title="Museum of Lincolnshire Life">Museum of Lincolnshire Life</a>). They were replaced by the "New Barracks" (now <a href="/wiki/Sobraon_Barracks" title="Sobraon Barracks">Sobraon Barracks</a>) in 1890, when <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Drill_Hall" title="Lincoln Drill Hall">Lincoln Drill Hall</a> in Broadgate also opened.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Brick built tower with wooden door at base" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg/170px-Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg/170px-Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg" data-alt="Brick built tower with wooden door at base" data-width="170" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg/255px-Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg/340px-Westgate_Water_Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Westgate water tower</figcaption></figure> Lincoln was hit by <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a> in November 1904 – August 1905 caused by polluted drinking water from Hartsholme Lake and the <a href="/wiki/River_Witham" title="River Witham">River Witham</a>. Over 1,000 people contracted the disease and fatalities totalled 113,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> including the man responsible for the city's water supply, Liam Kirk of Baker Crescent. Near the beginning of the epidemic, Dr Alexander Cruickshank Houston installed a chlorine <a href="/wiki/Disinfection" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinfection">disinfection</a> system just ahead of the poorly operating, slow sand filter, to kill the fatal bacteria.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_chlorination" title="Water chlorination">Chlorination</a> of the water continued until 1911, when a new supply was implemented.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Lincoln's chlorination episode was an early use of chlorine to disinfect a water supply.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Westgate_Water_Tower" title="Westgate Water Tower">Westgate Water Tower</a> was built to provide new supplies.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In the two <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world wars</a>, Lincoln switched to war production. The first ever <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> were invented, designed and built in Lincoln by <a href="/wiki/William_Foster_%26_Co." title="William Foster & Co.">William Foster & Co.</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and population growth provided more workers for greater expansion. The tanks were tested on land now covered by Tritton Road in the south-west suburbs. In the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Lincoln produced an array of war goods: tanks, aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions">munitions</a> and military vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In World War II 26 high explosive bombs were dropped on the city, with around 500 incendiary bombs, over five occasions, with eight people killed. 50 houses were destroyed, with the worst night being 9 May 1941.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Also much damage occurred in the Dixon Street area on Friday 15 January 1943.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Two parachute mines landed in fields on South Common on the night of 19 November 1940, which exploded and broke many windows in the town, but with no more damage.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On 8 May 1941, nine high explosive bombs were dropped on around Westwick Gardens in Boultham Park, east of the former <a href="/wiki/The_Priory_Witham_Academy" title="The Priory Witham Academy">Ancaster High School</a>, killing three people.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> A Spitfire and Hurricane, from <a href="/wiki/RAF_Digby" title="RAF Digby">RAF Digby</a>, collided over Lincoln. One pilot landed on allotments near Kingsway, and another landed near Branston Road. The Spitfire crashed on a house in Drake Street, and the Hurricane did a full circuit of the north of Lincoln, with no pilot aboard, and descended over the top of St Mary le Wigford church, to crash into a row of houses and shops, killing three people, and injuring nine.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruston_%26_Hornsby" title="Ruston & Hornsby">Ruston & Hornsby</a> produced <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> for ships and <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotives</a>, then by teaming up with former colleagues of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_Jets" title="Power Jets">Power Jets</a> Ltd, in the early 1950s, R & H (which became RGT) opened the first production line for <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbine</a> engines for land-based and sea-based energy production. Its success made it the city's largest single employer, providing over 5,000 jobs in its factory and research facilities, making it a rich takeover target for industrial conglomerates. It was subsumed by <a href="/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric</a> in November 1966, which was then bought by <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company" title="General Electric Company">GEC</a> in 1968, with diesel engine production being transferred to the Ruston Diesels Division in <a href="/wiki/Newton-le-Willows" title="Newton-le-Willows">Newton-le-Willows</a>, Lancashire, at the former <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Foundry" title="Vulcan Foundry">Vulcan Foundry</a>. Pelham Works merged with <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> of France in the late 1980s and was then bought in 2003 by <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> of Germany as <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Power_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens Power Generation">Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery</a>. This includes what is left of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napier_Turbochargers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napier Turbochargers (page does not exist)">Napier Turbochargers</a>. Plans came early in 2008 for a new plant outside the city at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teal_Park,_Lincolnshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teal Park, Lincolnshire (page does not exist)">Teal Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Hykeham" title="North Hykeham">North Hykeham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Still, Siemens made large redundancies and moved jobs to Sweden and the Netherlands. The factory now employs 1300. R & H's former <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beevor_Foundry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beevor Foundry (page does not exist)">Beevor Foundry</a> is now owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoval_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoval Group (page does not exist)">Hoval Group</a>, making industrial boilers (<a href="/wiki/Woodchips" title="Woodchips">wood chip</a>). The Aerospace Manufacturing Facility (AMF) in Firth Road passed from Alstom Aerospace Ltd to <a href="/wiki/Industria_de_Turbo_Propulsores" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria de Turbo Propulsores">ITP Engines</a> UK in January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Lincoln's second largest private employer is James Dawson and Son, a belting and hose maker founded in the late 19th century. Its two sites are in Tritton Road. The main one, next to the University of Lincoln, used Lincoln's last coal-fired boiler until it was replaced by gas in July 2018. New suburbs appeared after 1945, but heavy industry declined towards the end of the 20th century. Much development, notably around the Brayford area, has followed the construction of the University of Lincoln's Brayford Campus, which opened in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 2012, Bishop Grosseteste teaching college was also awarded university status. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> 34 per cent of Lincoln's workforce are in public administration, education and health; distribution, restaurants and hotels account for 25 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Industrial relics like <a href="/wiki/Ruston_(engine_builder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruston (engine builder)">Ruston</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>) remain, with empty industrial warehouse buildings becoming multi-use units, with the likes of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a>, local <a href="/wiki/Lincs_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincs FM">Lincs FM</a> radio station (in the Titanic Works) and gyms using some of the space. The <a href="/wiki/Exchange_Arcade,_Lincoln" title="Exchange Arcade, Lincoln">old Corn Exchange</a>, completed in 1848, is now used as a shopping arcade,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Corn_Exchange,_Lincoln" title="Corn Exchange, Lincoln">newer Corn Exchange</a>, completed in 1879, is now used as a restaurant and shops.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Like many other cities, Lincoln has a growing <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> economy, with many e-commerce mail order companies. Two electronics firms are <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Valve_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English Electric Valve Company">e2V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynex_Semiconductor" title="Dynex Semiconductor">Dynex Semiconductor</a>. Bifrangi, an Italian maker of <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshafts</a> for <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road vehicles</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Screw_press" title="Screw press">screw press</a>, is based at the former Tower Works owned by Smith-Clayton Forge Ltd. Lincoln is the hub for settlements such as Welton, Saxilby, Skellingthorpe and Washingborough, which look to it for most services and employment needs. Added they raise the population to 165,000.<a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-44">[44]</a> Lincoln is the main centre for jobs and facilities in Central Lincolnshire and performs a regional role over much of Lincolnshire and parts of Nottinghamshire. According to a document entitled "Central Lincolnshire Local Plan Core Strategy", Lincoln has a "travel-to-work" area with a population of about 300,000.<a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-44">[44]</a> In 2021, Lincoln City Council joined the UK's Key Cities network to help the city's public sector.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a> and Lincoln's colleges contributes to the cities growth in the small firms, services, restaurants and entertainment venues. A small business unit next door to a student accommodation, the Think Tank, opened in June 2009.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Some entertainment venues linked to the university include <a href="/wiki/The_Engine_Shed" title="The Engine Shed">The Engine Shed</a> and The Venue Cinema. Its presence has also built-up the area around the Brayford Pool. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steep_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Steep_Hill.jpg/220px-Steep_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="864"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Steep_Hill.jpg/220px-Steep_Hill.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Steep_Hill.jpg/330px-Steep_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Steep_Hill.jpg/440px-Steep_Hill.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A view up Steep Hill towards the historic quarter of Bailgate</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_waterside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lincoln_waterside.jpg/170px-Lincoln_waterside.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lincoln_waterside.jpg/170px-Lincoln_waterside.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lincoln_waterside.jpg/255px-Lincoln_waterside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lincoln_waterside.jpg/340px-Lincoln_waterside.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Waterside <a href="/wiki/Empowerment_(sculpture)" title="Empowerment (sculpture)">Empowerment</a> 2002 sculpture</figcaption></figure> The city is a tourist centre for visitors to historic buildings that include the cathedral, the castle and the medieval Bishop's Palace. <a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(Lincolnshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collection (Lincolnshire)">The Collection</a>, of which the Usher Gallery is now part, is an important attraction, partly in a purpose-built venue. It currently contains over 2,000,000 objects, and was one of the four finalists for the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Gulbenkian_Prize" title="Gulbenkian Prize">Gulbenkian Prize</a>. Any material from official archaeological excavations in Lincolnshire is eventually deposited there. Other attractions include the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lincolnshire_Life" title="Museum of Lincolnshire Life">Museum of Lincolnshire Life</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Bomber_Command_Centre" title="International Bomber Command Centre">International Bomber Command Centre</a>. Tranquil destinations close by are <a href="/wiki/Whisby_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Whisby Nature Park">Whisby Nature Reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartsholme_Country_Park" title="Hartsholme Country Park">Hartsholme Country Park</a> (including the Swanholme Lakes <a href="/wiki/SSSI" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSI">SSSI</a>), while noisier entertainment can be found at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Scampton" title="RAF Scampton">Scampton airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Waddington" title="RAF Waddington">Waddington airfield</a> (base of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF's</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Arrows" title="Red Arrows">Red Arrows</a> jet <a href="/wiki/Aerobatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobatic">aerobatic</a> team), the County Showground or the <a href="/wiki/Cadwell_Park" title="Cadwell Park">Cadwell Park</a> <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">motor racing</a> circuit near <a href="/wiki/Louth,_Lincolnshire" title="Louth, Lincolnshire">Louth</a>. Early each December the Bailgate area holds a <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Christmas_Market" title="Lincoln Christmas Market">Christmas Market</a> in and around the Castle grounds, shaped by the traditional German-style Christmas markets, including that of Lincoln's twin town <a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstrasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Neustadt an der Weinstrasse">Neustadt an der Weinstrasse</a>. In 2010, for the first time, the event was cancelled due to "atrocious" snowfalls across most of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> It succumbed again in December 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <big>Ethnicity</big> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="2168"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Lincoln_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Lincoln population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> In the 2021 census, the population of Lincoln district was 103,813.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> The largest ethnic group was <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a> at 82.7%, with all ‘other white’ groups constituting 9.5%, followed by <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a> at 3.2%, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed race">Mixed race</a> at 2%, <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black British</a> at 1.4%, other ethnic minorities made up 0.9% and Arab were 0.2%. This makes the ethnic makeup of the city 92% White and 8% ethnic minorities. 15.1% of the people living in Lincoln were born outside of the UK, of which 9.6% are from ‘other European countries’. The most common countries of birth aside from the UK are <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poles in the United Kingdom">Poland</a> at 2.6%, <a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romanians in the United Kingdom">Romania</a> at 1.4%, and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lithuanians in the United Kingdom">Lithuania</a> at 1.1%.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:right;">Lincoln: Ethnicity: 2021 Census<a href="#cite_note-2021censusdemo-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnic group </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,665 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,347 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,068 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,466 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arab </td> <td style="text-align:right;">320 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Ethnic Group </td> <td style="text-align:right;">948 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,813 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100% </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Religious_sites">Religious sites</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religious sites" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Church_of_St_Swithin,_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg/220px-The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg/220px-The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg/330px-The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg/440px-The_Church_of_St_Swithin%2C_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2054968.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Swithin%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Swithin's Church, Lincoln">St Swithin's Church</a>, in the city centre</figcaption></figure> Lincoln is home to many active and former churches.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> These serve the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_Centre" title="Lincoln City Centre">city centre</a>, outer suburbs of the city and urban area.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Central_Mosque_and_Cultural_Centre" title="Lincoln Central Mosque and Cultural Centre">Lincoln Central Mosque and Cultural Centre</a> is on Dixon Street. The city has no Sikh or Hindu temples, with the nearest ones being in <a href="/wiki/Scunthorpe" title="Scunthorpe">Scunthorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doncaster" title="Doncaster">Doncaster</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> Lincoln Synagogue is on <a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a>, in the ancient building, <a href="/wiki/Jews%27_Court,_Lincoln" title="Jews' Court, Lincoln">Jews' Court</a>, which is believed to be the site of the original medieval synagogue.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> There is also an international temple on James Street.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Churches in the city include: <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_le_Wigford" title="St Mary le Wigford">St Mary le Wigford</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Giles_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Giles Church, Lincoln">St Giles</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Benedict%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Benedict's Church, Lincoln">St Benedicts</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Swithin%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Swithin's Church, Lincoln">St Swithin's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Hugh%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Hugh's Church, Lincoln">St Hugh's</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Katherine%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Katherine's Church, Lincoln">St Katherine's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alive_Church,_Lincoln" title="Alive Church, Lincoln">Alive Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Peter_at_Gowts" title="St Peter at Gowts">Saint Peter at Gowts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Methodist_Church,_Lincoln" title="Central Methodist Church, Lincoln">Central Methodist Church</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Nicholas_Church,_Lincoln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Nicholas Church, Lincoln (page does not exist)">St Nicholas</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Unitarian_Chapel" title="Lincoln Unitarian Chapel">Lincoln Unitarian Chapel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Basil_and_St._Paisios,_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Basil and St. Paisios, Lincoln">Greek Orthodox Church of St Basil the Great and St Paisios</a> and others in the city and outer suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cathedral">Cathedral</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cathedral" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a></div> Construction of the first Lincoln Cathedral within a close or walled precinct facing the castle began when the see was removed from the quiet backwater of <a href="/wiki/Dorchester-on-Thames,_Oxfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire">Dorchester-on-Thames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>. It was completed in 1092<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> and rebuilt after a fire, but succumbed to the <a href="/wiki/1185_East_Midlands_earthquake" title="1185 East Midlands earthquake">1185 East Midlands earthquake</a>. The rebuilt minster, enlarged eastwards several times, was on a grand scale, its <a href="/wiki/Crossing_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossing tower">crossing tower</a> crowned by a spire reputedly Europe's highest at 525 ft (160 m).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> When complete, the central spire is widely accepted to have succeeded the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Great Pyramids of Egypt</a> as the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_world%27s_tallest_buildings" title="History of the world's tallest buildings">world's tallest man-made structure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kendrick-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Lincoln bishops were among the magnates of medieval England. The <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lincoln" title="Diocese of Lincoln">Diocese of Lincoln</a>, the largest in England, had more monasteries than the rest of England put together, and the diocese was supported by large estates. When <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> was drawn up in 1215, one of the witnesses was <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Wells" title="Hugh of Wells">Hugh of Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a>. One of only four surviving originals of the document is preserved in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg/330px-Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg/440px-Lincoln_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1983231.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Lincoln Cathedral</figcaption></figure> Among the famous bishops of Lincoln were <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloet" title="Robert Bloet">Robert Bloet</a>, the magnificent <a href="/wiki/Justiciar" title="Justiciar">justiciar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Avalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of Avalon">Hugh of Avalon</a>, the cathedral builder canonised as <a href="/wiki/St_Hugh_of_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="St Hugh of Lincoln">St Hugh of Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a>, the 13th-century intellectual, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort" title="Henry Beaufort">Henry Beaufort</a>, chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rotherham" title="Thomas Rotherham">Thomas Rotherham</a>, a politician deeply involved in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Repyngdon" title="Philip Repyngdon">Philip Repyngdon</a>, chaplain to <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a> and defender of <a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">Wycliffe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a>, the lord chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. Theologian <a href="/wiki/William_de_Montibus" title="William de Montibus">William de Montibus</a> headed the cathedral school and was its chancellor until he died in 1213. The administrative centre was the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Medieval_Bishop%27s_Palace" title="Lincoln Medieval Bishop's Palace">Bishop's Palace</a>, the third element in the central complex. When built in the late 12th century by Hugh of Lincoln, the Bishop's Palace was one of the most important buildings in England. Its East Hall over a vaulted undercroft is the earliest surviving example of a roofed domestic hall. The chapel range and entrance tower were built by Bishop William of Alnwick, who modernised the palace in the 1430s. Both Henry VIII and <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> were guests there. The palace was sacked in 1648 by royalist troops during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">civil war</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Geography_and_environment">Geography and environment</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography and environment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Lincoln lies at an altitude of 67 ft (20.4 m) by the River Witham up to 246 ft (75.0 m) on Castle Hill. It fills a gap in the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cliff" title="Lincoln Cliff">Lincoln Cliff</a> <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpment</a>, which runs north and south through <a href="/wiki/Central_Lincolnshire" title="Central Lincolnshire">Central Lincolnshire</a>, with altitudes up to 200 feet (61 metres).<a href="#cite_note-EN-65">[65]</a> The city lies on the <a href="/wiki/River_Witham" title="River Witham">River Witham</a>, which flows through this gap. The city is 55 miles (89 km) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Kingston-on-Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingston-on-Hull">Hull</a>, 32 miles (51 km) north-east of <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, 47 miles (76 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>, 73 miles (117 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> and 40 miles (64 km) east south-east of <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uphill_and_Downhill">Uphill and Downhill</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Uphill and Downhill" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Due to the variation in altitude, which presents something of an obstacle, Lincoln is divided informally into two zones: uphill and downhill. The uphill area comprises the northern part of the city, on top of the Lincoln Cliff (to the north of the gap). This includes the historical quarter, including <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a> and the Medieval Bishop's Palace, known locally as The Bail (though described in tourist literature as the Cathedral Quarter).<a href="#cite_note-BeachyRoth2007-66">[66]</a> It also has residential suburbs to the north and north-east. The downhill area comprises the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_Centre" title="Lincoln City Centre">city centre</a> and suburbs to the south and south-west. <a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a> is a narrow, pedestrian street directly connecting the two. It passes through an archway known as the <a href="/wiki/Guildhall_and_Stonebow,_Lincoln" title="Guildhall and Stonebow, Lincoln">Stonebow</a>. This divide, peculiar to Lincoln, was once an important class distinction, with uphill more affluent and downhill less so. The distinction dates from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest">Norman conquest</a>, when the religious and military elite occupied the hilltop.<a href="#cite_note-BeachyRoth2007-66">[66]</a> The expansion of suburbs in both parts of the city since the mid-19th century has diluted the distinction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ecology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Mute_swan" title="Mute swan">mute swan</a> is an iconic species for Lincoln. Many pairs nest each year beside the Brayford, and they feature on the university's heraldic emblem. Other bird life within the city includes <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawny_owl" title="Tawny owl">tawny owl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_kingfisher" title="Common kingfisher">common kingfisher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Mammals on the city edges include <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">least weasel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_perch" title="European perch">European perch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">northern pike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bream" title="Bream">bream</a> are among fishes seen in the Witham and Brayford.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Nature reserves around the city include Greetwell Hollow SSSI, Swanholme SSSI, <a href="/wiki/Whisby_Moor" title="Whisby Moor">Whisby Nature Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boultham" title="Boultham">Boultham Mere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartsholme_Country_Park" title="Hartsholme Country Park">Hartsholme Country Park</a>. Since 2016, <a href="/wiki/Little_egret" title="Little egret">little egrets</a> have nested in the Birchwood area and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">otters</a> appeared in the River Witham. Both are native to Britain and repopulating the area after near extermination.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Several invasive species of plants and animals have reached Lincoln. <a href="/wiki/Japanese_knotweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese knotweed">Japanese knotweed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_balsam" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalayan balsam">Himalayan balsam</a> are Asian plant species around the River Witham. <a href="/wiki/Galinsoga" title="Galinsoga">Galinsoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amsinckia" title="Amsinckia">Amsinckia</a> are American species found among city weeds, also <a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a> which are occasionally seen on the Witham. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Built-up_area">Built-up area</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Built-up area" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Lincoln built-up area extends outside of the city boundaries and includes the town of <a href="/wiki/North_Hykeham" title="North Hykeham">North Hykeham</a> and the villages of <a href="/wiki/Bracebridge,_Lincolnshire" title="Bracebridge, Lincolnshire">Bracebridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracebridge_Heath" title="Bracebridge Heath">Bracebridge Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canwick" title="Canwick">Canwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Hykeham" title="South Hykeham">South Hykeham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waddington,_Lincolnshire" title="Waddington, Lincolnshire">Waddington</a>. It had a population of 115,000 according to the 2011 census.<a href="#cite_note-2011BUAcensus-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Lincoln has a typical East Midland <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a> of cool summers and mild winters. The nearest <a href="/wiki/Meteorological_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological Office">Met Office</a> weather station is at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Waddington" title="RAF Waddington">RAF Waddington</a>, 4 miles (6 kilometres) to the south. Temperature extremes since 1948 have ranged between 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) on <a href="/wiki/2022_European_heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 European heat waves">19 July 2022</a>,<a href="#cite_note-synop_reports_summary-74">[74]</a> and −15.6 °C (3.9 °F) in February 1956.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> A former weather station holds the record for the lowest daytime maximum temperature recorded in England in the month of December: −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) on 17 December 1981.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The lowest recent temperature was −10.4 °C (13.3 °F) in December 2010,<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> although another weather station at <a href="/wiki/Scampton" title="Scampton">Scampton</a>, a similar distance north of the city centre, fell to −15.6 °C (3.9 °F), so equalling Waddington's record low set in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/RAF_Waddington" title="RAF Waddington">Waddington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-79">[a]</a> elevation: 68 m (223 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3 (104.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.3 (104.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1 (62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (35.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.6 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7 (23.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0 (28.4) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2 (26.2) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0 (6.8) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.6 (3.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6 (1.87) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.4 (1.51) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (1.43) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.3 (1.74) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0 (1.85) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3 (2.30) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0 (2.05) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4 (2.42) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9 (2.24) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9 (2.04) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">614.8 (24.20) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">115.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.2 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.2 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.6 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.0 </td> <td style="background: #C4C409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.7 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.3 </td> <td style="background: #868686; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.3 </td> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.3 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,631.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-80">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (Relative humidity 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><a href="#cite_note-Indices_Data_%E2%80%93_Waddington_351-82">[81]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/RAF_Scampton" title="RAF Scampton">Scampton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[b]</a> elevation: 57 m (187 ft), 1991–2020 normals </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 (36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9 (1.93) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6 (1.52) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9 (1.41) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.5 (1.75) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.8 (1.80) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0 (2.56) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.8 (2.31) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4 (2.26) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0 (2.09) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.2 (2.29) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9 (2.36) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.5 (2.11) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">619.4 (24.39) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">118.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-metoffice.gov.uk-84">[82]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg/330px-Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg/440px-Lincoln_Central_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_109754.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_railway_station" title="Lincoln railway station">Lincoln railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_railway_station" title="Lincoln railway station">Lincoln railway station</a> is at the meeting point of four railway lines, which run <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_to_Lincoln_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham to Lincoln Line">to Newark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_to_Lincoln_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield to Lincoln line">Gainsborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimsby%E2%80%93Lincoln%E2%80%93Newark_line" title="Grimsby–Lincoln–Newark line">Grimsby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_to_Lincoln_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough to Lincoln Line">Sleaford</a>. It is served by direct trains to <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">London King's Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester_railway_station" title="Leicester railway station">Leicester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham railway station">Nottingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield railway station">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doncaster_railway_station" title="Doncaster railway station">Doncaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimsby_Town_railway_station" title="Grimsby Town railway station">Grimsby Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_railway_station" title="Peterborough railway station">Peterborough</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hykeham_railway_station" title="Hykeham railway station">Hykeham railway station</a> is located in the southwestern suburbs and is served by local trains on the line to Newark. The city was previously served by three other railway lines: the <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_loop_line" title="Lincolnshire loop line">Lincolnshire loop line</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Lancashire,_Derbyshire_and_East_Coast_Railway" title="Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway">Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grantham_and_Lincoln_railway_line" title="Grantham and Lincoln railway line">Grantham and Lincoln railway line</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Trains on the Newark line formerly stopped at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_St_Marks_railway_station" title="Lincoln St Marks railway station">Lincoln St Marks</a>, a separate station to the south, until they were diverted to the current station in 1985. Its site is now part of a shopping park.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Road" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The city lies on the A57, A46, A15 and A158 roads. These bring high levels of through traffic and bypasses have been built. To the north west is the £19-million <a href="/wiki/A46_road" title="A46 road">A46</a> bypass opened in December 1985. On 19 December 2020 the £122-million A15 Eastern bypass was completed.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> A southern bypass, the North Hykeham relief road, is due to start construction in 2025 and will be the final section of a complete ring road around the city.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Until the 1980s, two trunk roads passed through Lincoln: the A46 and A15, both feeding traffic along the High Street. At the intersection of Guildhall Street and the High Street, the roads met at the termination of the A57. North of the city centre, the former A15 (<a href="/wiki/Riseholme,_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Riseholme, Lincolnshire">Riseholme</a> Road) is now the B1226, and the old A46 (<a href="/wiki/Nettleham" title="Nettleham">Nettleham</a> Road) is now the B1182. The early northern inner ring-road, formed of Yarborough Road and Yarborough Crescent, is numbered B1273. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Airport" title="East Midlands Airport">East Midlands Airport</a>, 43 miles from Lincoln, is the main international airport serving the county. It mainly handles European flights with low-cost airlines. <a href="/wiki/Humberside_Airport" title="Humberside Airport">Humberside Airport</a>, 29 miles north of Lincoln, is the only airport located in the county. It has a small number of flights mainly to hub airports such as <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam Schiphol Airport</a>. From 2005 until 2022, <a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Sheffield_Airport" title="Doncaster Sheffield Airport">Doncaster Sheffield Airport</a> also served Lincoln. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Higher education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The older of Lincoln's two higher education institutions, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste University</a>, was started as a teacher training college linked to the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a> in 1862. During the 1990s it branched out into other subject areas with a focus on the arts and drama. It became a university college in 2006 with degree powers taken over from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a>. It gained university status in 2012. An annual graduation celebration takes place in Lincoln Cathedral.} The larger <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a> started as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincolnshire_and_Humberside" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Lincolnshire and Humberside">University of Lincolnshire and Humberside</a> in 1996, when the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Humberside" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Humberside">University of Humberside</a> opened a Lincoln campus next to <a href="/wiki/Brayford_Pool" title="Brayford Pool">Brayford Pool</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IndependentAZ-91">[89]</a> Lincoln School of Art and Design (which was Lincolnshire's main outlet for higher education) and Riseholme Agricultural College, previously been part of <a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, were absorbed into the University of Lincoln in 2001, and subsequently the Lincoln campus took priority[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] over the <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a> campus.<a href="#cite_note-IndependentAZ-91">[89]</a> The name changed to the University of Lincoln in September 2002. In the 2021–2022 academic year, a total of 18,705 university students studied in the city.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_education">Further education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Further education in Lincoln is provided by <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln College, Lincolnshire">Lincoln College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>'s largest education institution with 18,500 students, 2,300 of them full-time.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> There is a specialist creative college, Access Creative, offering courses in music, media and games design to some 180 students, all full-time.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg/220px-Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg/220px-Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg/330px-Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg/440px-Girl%27s_High_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_153918.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Former Lincoln Christ's Hospital Girls' High School, now occupied by <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_UTC" title="Lincoln UTC">Lincoln University Technical College</a></figcaption></figure> The school system in Lincoln is anomalous within Lincolnshire despite being part of the same <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">local education authority</a> (LEA), as most of the county retained the <a href="/wiki/Grammar_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar schools in the United Kingdom">grammar-school</a> system. In 1952, <a href="/wiki/William_Farr_School" title="William Farr School">William Farr School</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Welton,_Lincolnshire" title="Welton, Lincolnshire">Welton</a>, a nearby village. Lincoln itself had four single-sex grammar schools until September 1974. <a href="/wiki/The_Priory_Academy_LSST" title="The Priory Academy LSST">The Priory Academy LSST</a> converted to academy status in 2008, in turn establishing <a href="/wiki/The_Priory_Federation_of_Academies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Priory Federation of Academies">The Priory Federation of Academies</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Priory_Witham_Academy" title="The Priory Witham Academy">The Priory Witham Academy</a> was formed when the federation absorbed Moorlands Infant School, Usher Junior School and Ancaster High School. The <a href="/wiki/Priory_City_of_Lincoln_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Priory City of Lincoln Academy">Priory City of Lincoln Academy</a> was formed when the City of Lincoln Community College merged into the federation. Both schools were rebuilt after substantial investment by the federation. Cherry Willingham School joined the federation in 2017, becoming <a href="/wiki/The_Priory_Pembroke_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Priory Pembroke Academy">The Priory Pembroke Academy</a>. The Lincolnshire LEA was ranked 32nd in the country based on its proportion of pupils attaining at least 5 A–C grades at GCSE including maths and English (62.2% compared with a national average of 58.2%).<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> There are four special-needs schools in Lincoln: Fortuna Primary School (5–11 year olds), Sincil Sports College (11–16), St Christopher's School (3–16) and St Francis Community Special School (2–18). </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> The local newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Echo" title="Lincolnshire Echo">Lincolnshire Echo</a>, was founded in 1894. Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Radio Lincolnshire">BBC Radio Lincolnshire</a> on 94.9 FM, its commercial rival <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio Lincolnshire</a> on 102.2FM, <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Lincolnshire" title="Hits Radio Lincolnshire">Hits Radio Lincolnshire</a> on DAB and Lincoln City Radio on 103.6 FM a community radio station catering mainly for listeners over 50.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> The Lincolnite is an online mobile publication covering the greater-Lincoln area.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> There used to be another station named Siren FM, operated by the University of Lincoln, but it ceased broadcasting at the end of June 2024 and the licences have been handed back to Ofcom.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> The student publication The Linc<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> is available online and in print and targets the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a>'s student population. Local TV coverage is provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Yorkshire" title="ITV Yorkshire">ITV Yorkshire</a> which is received from the <a href="/wiki/Belmont_transmitting_station" title="Belmont transmitting station">Belmont</a> TV transmitter. The <a href="/wiki/Waltham_transmitting_station" title="Waltham transmitting station">Waltham</a> TV transmitter can also be received in the city that broadcast <a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">BBC East Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">ITV Central</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg/220px-Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg/220px-Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg/330px-Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg/440px-Sincil_Bank_-_geograph-507434.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sincil_Bank" title="Sincil Bank">Sincil Bank</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_F.C." title="Lincoln City F.C.">Lincoln City F.C.</a></figcaption></figure> Lincoln's professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team is <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln City FC">Lincoln City FC</a>, nicknamed "The Imps", which plays at the <a href="/wiki/Sincil_Bank" title="Sincil Bank">Sincil Bank</a> stadium on the southern edge of the city. The collapse of <a href="/wiki/ITV_Digital" title="ITV Digital">ITV Digital</a>, which owed Lincoln City FC more than £100,000, in 2002 saw the team faced with bankruptcy, but it was saved by a fund-raising venture among fans, which returned ownership of the club to them, where it has remained since. The club was the first to be relegated from the English <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a>, when automatic relegation to the <a href="/wiki/Football_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Conference">Football Conference</a> was introduced from the 1986–87 season. Lincoln City regained its league place at the first attempt and held onto it until the 2010–11 season, when it was again relegated to the Football Conference. Lincoln City was the first club managed by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Taylor_(footballer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Taylor (footballer)">Graham Taylor</a>, who went on to manage the <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England national football team</a> from 1990 to 1993. He was at Lincoln City from 1972 to 1977, during which time the club won promotion from the Fourth Division as champions in 1976. The club also won the Football League Division Three North title on three separate occasions, a joint record. Its most successful era was in the early 1980s, winning promotion from the Fourth Division in 1981 and narrowly missing promotion to the Second Division in the two years that followed.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> It reached the quarter-finals of the FA Cup in 2017, beating several teams in the top two tiers of English football before being defeated by <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C." title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> More recently Lincoln City won Football League Two in the 2018–2019 season and the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Trophy" title="EFL Trophy">EFL Trophy</a> in 2018. It is currently managed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Skubala" title="Michael Skubala">Michael Skubala</a>. Lincoln is also home to <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_United_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln United FC">Lincoln United FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Moorlands_Railway_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Moorlands Railway FC">Lincoln Moorlands Railway FC</a> and Lincoln Griffins Ladies FC. Lincoln hosts other sports facilities such <a href="/wiki/American_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football">American football</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Bombers" title="Lincolnshire Bombers">Lincolnshire Bombers</a>, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/BAFA_National_Leagues" title="BAFA National Leagues">BAFA National Leagues</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Bombers_Roller_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincolnshire Bombers Roller Girls">Lincolnshire Bombers Roller Girls</a>, the Imposters Rollergirls, and hosts Lincoln Rowing centre on the River Witham. <a href="/wiki/Lindum_Hockey_Club" title="Lindum Hockey Club">Lindum Hockey Club</a> plays in the north of the city. Since 1956 the city has played host to the Lincoln Grand Prix one-day cycle race, which for some 30 years has used a city-centre finishing circuit incorporating the challenging 1-in-6 cobbled ascent of Michaelgate.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Since 2013 the city has had a <a href="/wiki/Professional_Wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional Wrestling">professional wrestling</a> promotion and training academy, Lincoln Fight Factory Wrestling. The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Lions_(rugby_union)" title="Lincoln Lions (rugby union)">Lincoln Lions</a> rugby union team has been playing since 1902. Two short-lived <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom">greyhound racing</a> tracks were opened by Lincolnshire Greyhound Racing Association. One was the Highfield track in Hykeham Road, which opened on 13 September 1931, and the second the Lincoln Speedway on the Rope Walk, which opened on 4 June 1932.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Racing at both was independent, as they were "flapping" tracks unaffiliated to the sport's governing body, the <a href="/wiki/National_Greyhound_Racing_Club" title="National Greyhound Racing Club">National Greyhound Racing Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> In alphabetical order: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_of_Lincoln" title="Aaron of Lincoln">Aaron of Lincoln</a> (c. 1125–1186), medieval Jewish financier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Beresford" title="Marlon Beresford">Marlon Beresford</a> (born 1969), professional footballer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Blades" title="Gary Blades">Gary Blades</a> (born 1980), professional darts player competing in the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Darts_Corporation" title="Professional Darts Corporation">Professional Darts Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">George Boole</a> (1815–1864), mathematician, developer of Boolean logic, born in Lincoln in 1815<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buravytskiy" title="Peter Buravytskiy">Peter Buravytskiy</a> (born 2001), trampoline gymnast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a> (c. 1539–40 or 1543–1623), composer, <a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">organist</a> attached to <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> from 1563 to 1572</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Carline" title="George Francis Carline">George Francis Carline</a> (1855–1920), artist, born in Lincoln</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Clapham" title="Jamie Clapham">Jamie Clapham</a> (born 1975), former professional footballer. He currently a first-team coach at <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_F.C." title="Barnsley F.C.">Barnsley F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Clucas" title="Sam Clucas">Sam Clucas</a> (born 1990), footballer, who currently plays with <a href="/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C." title="Stoke City F.C.">Stoke City F.C.</a> He was born and attended school in Lincoln.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Day_(broadcaster)" title="Peter Day (broadcaster)">Peter Day</a> (born 1947), broadcaster. He attended <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Grammar_School" title="Lincoln Grammar School">Lincoln Grammar School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Fitzgerald" title="Penelope Fitzgerald">Penelope Fitzgerald</a> (1916–2000), novelist, biographer, born in Penelope Mary Knox in 1916<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Fordyce" title="Keith Fordyce">Keith Fordyce</a> (1928–2011), broadcaster, born in Lincoln</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Frecklington" title="Lee Frecklington">Lee Frecklington</a> (born 1985), footballer. He last played for the <a href="/wiki/EFL_League_One" title="EFL League One">League One</a> side <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_F.C." title="Lincoln City F.C.">Lincoln City</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Gish" title="Sheila Gish">Sheila Gish</a> (1942-2005), Olivier Award winning actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(historian)" title="James Hall (historian)">James Hall (historian)</a> (1846–1914), born and raised in Lincoln before leaving for teacher training in 1864, he subsequently settled in Cheshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hill" title="Francis Hill">Francis Hill</a> (1899–1980), local historian, mayor of Lincoln and Chancellor of the University of Nottingham, born in Lincoln in 1899<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hilton_(painter)" title="William Hilton (painter)">William Hilton</a> (1786–1839), portrait and history painter, born in Lincoln</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1940–2017), actor. He attended Lincoln School.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(Roundhead)" title="John Hutchinson (Roundhead)">Colonel John Hutchinson</a> (1615–1664), <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Roundhead</a> politician and signatory to the death warrant of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a>. He attended Lincoln Free School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lany" title="Benjamin Lany">Benjamin Lany</a> (1591–1675), academic, royal chaplain and religious writer. He was <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a> in 1663–1667.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Logsdail" title="William Logsdail">William Logsdail</a> (1859–1944), painter, born in Lincoln</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Mackie" title="Mary Mackie">Mary Mackie</a> (née Kathleen Mary Whitlam, living), novelist and non-fiction writer, born in Lincoln in the Second World War, she attended <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Christ%27s_Hospital_School" title="Lincoln Christ's Hospital School">Lincoln Christ's Hospital High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Maitland" title="Karen Maitland">Karen Maitland</a> (born 1956), English author of medieval thriller fiction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Marriner" title="Neville Marriner">Neville Marriner</a> (1924–2016), violinist, conductor, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_St_Martin_in_the_Fields" title="Academy of St Martin in the Fields">Academy of St Martin in the Fields</a>, born in Lincoln and educated at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Grammar_School" title="Lincoln Grammar School">Lincoln Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_McLaren_(actor)" title="Ross McLaren (actor)">Ross McLaren</a> (born 1991), actor, born in Lincoln and trained at the <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Mason_School_of_Dance" title="Joyce Mason School of Dance">Joyce Mason School of Dance</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mead" title="Rose Mead">Rose Mead</a> (1867–1946), portrait painter. She attended Lincoln School of Art.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Whitehead_Moss" title="Henry Whitehead Moss">Henry Whitehead Moss</a> (1841–1917), born at Lincoln, he went to Lincoln School before attending <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury_School" title="Shrewsbury School">Shrewsbury School</a> where he became headmaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Palmer_(swimmer)" title="Paul Palmer (swimmer)">Paul Palmer</a> (born 1974), swimmer who won an Olympic silver medal at the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, he was twice a short-course world champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pool_(engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pool (engineer)">William Pool</a> (c. 1783–1856), maritime inventor. He worked in Lincoln in the 1820s and 1830s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pownall" title="Thomas Pownall">Thomas Pownall</a> (1722–1805), politician, Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Race" title="Steve Race">Steve Race</a> (1921–2009), musician, broadcaster, host of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4</a>'s <a href="/wiki/My_Music_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Music (radio)">My Music</a> 1967–1993. He was born in Lincoln and attended Lincoln School in 1932–1939.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Robertson" title="Fanny Robertson">Fanny Robertson</a> (1765–1855), actress and theatre owner, manager of The Lincoln Circuit of theatres<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Robinson_(film_critic)" title="David Robinson (film critic)">David Robinson</a> (born 1930), film critic and author, official biographer of <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Scott" title="Charlotte Scott">Charlotte Scott</a> (1858–1931), mathematician, born in Lincoln</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Swaby" title="Lee Swaby">Lee Swaby</a> (born 1976), former professional boxer at both cruiserweight and heavyweight divisions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(English_publisher)" title="John Taylor (English publisher)">John Taylor</a> (1781–1864), publisher of <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">John Clare</a>. He attended Lincoln Grammar School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tritton" title="William Tritton">William Tritton</a> (1875–1946), Chairman of <a href="/wiki/William_Foster_%26_Co._Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="William Foster & Co. Ltd">William Foster & Co. Ltd</a> from 1911 to 1939, directly involved in developing the military vehicle, the <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_Usher" title="James Ward Usher">James Ward Usher</a> (1845–1921), jeweller and philanthropist. He spent his life in the city.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Warrener" title="William T. Warrener">William T. Warrener</a> (1861–1934), English painter, born in Lincoln in 1861. He attended <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_College_of_Art" title="Lincoln College of Art">Lincoln School of Art</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Watterson" title="Juan Watterson">Juan Watterson</a> (born 1980), Manx politician, Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">House of Keys</a>. He studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Wells-Cole" title="Victor Wells-Cole">Victor Wells-Cole</a> (1897–1987), first-class cricketer, British Army officer</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_England" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in England">List of twin towns and sister cities in England</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twin towns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Lincoln is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns-117">[115]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstra%C3%9Fe" title="Neustadt an der Weinstraße">Neustadt an der Weinstraße</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, Germany (since 1969)<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns-117">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Lincoln" title="Port Lincoln">Port Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">SA</a>, Australia (since 1991)<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns-117">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomsko" title="Radomsko">Radomsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Łódź Voivodeship">Łódź Voivodeship</a>, Poland (since 2007)<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns-117">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>, China (since 1988)<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns-117">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>, China (since 2014)<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln_twinning_agreed_with_Chinese_city-118">[116]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_city">Freedom of the city</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Freedom of the city" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Lincoln. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (March 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Individuals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cormack" title="Patrick Cormack">Lord Cormack</a>: 18 March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Military units" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Waddington" title="RAF Waddington">RAF Waddington</a>: 25 April 1959.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Scampton" title="RAF Scampton">RAF Scampton</a>: 14 May 1993.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a>: 1997.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grenadier_Guards" title="Grenadier Guards">Grenadier Guards</a>: 8 May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Privileges_and_Customs-124">[122]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Arms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Lincoln, England </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Argent on a cross Gules a fleur-de-lis Or</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Civitas Lincolnia, or Floreat Lindum<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Attractions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment_(sculpture)" title="Empowerment (sculpture)">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_House" title="Jew's House">Jew's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew's Court">Jew's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Arboretum" title="Lincoln Arboretum">Lincoln Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Castle" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_City_F.C." title="Lincoln City F.C.">Lincoln City F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Imp" title="Lincoln Imp">Lincoln Imp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lincolnshire_Life" title="Museum of Lincolnshire Life">Museum of Lincolnshire Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Arch" title="Newport Arch">Newport Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_House" title="Norman House">Norman House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(Lincolnshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collection (Lincolnshire)">The Collection (Lincolnshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lawn,_Lincoln" title="The Lawn, Lincoln">The Lawn, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(Lincolnshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collection (Lincolnshire)">Usher Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Way" title="Viking Way">Viking Way</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places">Places</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Places" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boultham,_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Boultham, Lincoln">Boultham, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_Shed_(theatre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engine Shed (theatre)">Engine Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartsholme_Country_Park" title="Hartsholme Country Park">Hartsholme Country Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Street,_Lincoln" title="High Street, Lincoln">High Street, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Royal, Lincoln">Theatre Royal, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritz_Theatre_(Lincoln,_England)" title="Ritz Theatre (Lincoln, England)">Ritz Theatre (Lincoln, England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Drill_Hall" title="Lincoln Drill Hall">Lincoln Drill Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Medieval_Bishop%27s_Palace" title="Lincoln Medieval Bishop's Palace">Lincoln Medieval Bishop's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Performing_Arts_Centre" title="Lincoln Performing Arts Centre">Lincoln Performing Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Racecourse" title="Lincoln Racecourse">Lincoln Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s,_Lincoln" title="St Catherine's, Lincoln">St Catherine's, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Hugh%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Hugh's Church, Lincoln">St Hugh's Church, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Swithin%27s_Church,_Lincoln" title="St Swithin's Church, Lincoln">St Swithin's Church, Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steep_Hill" title="Steep Hill">Steep Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sincil_Bank" title="Sincil Bank">Sincil Bank</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: People" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_of_Lincoln" title="Aaron of Lincoln">Aaron of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Lincoln" title="Hugh of Lincoln">Hugh of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Saint_Hugh_of_Lincoln" title="Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln">Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Maxwell_(footballer)" title="Jason Maxwell (footballer)">Jason Maxwell</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Societies_and_groups">Societies and groups</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Societies and groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Philosophy_Caf%C3%A9" title="Lincoln Philosophy Café">The Lincoln Philosophy Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Record_Society" title="Lincoln Record Society">Lincoln Record Society</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Lincolnshire_History_and_Archaeology" title="Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology">Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew's Court">Jew's Court</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Weather station is located 4 miles (6 km) from the Lincoln city centre. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Weather station is located 5 miles (8 km) from the Lincoln city centre. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Footnotes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://localmotion.org.uk/lincoln/">"Lincoln - LocalMotion"</a>. LocalMotion. Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LocalMotion&rft.atitle=Lincoln+-+LocalMotion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocalmotion.org.uk%2Flincoln%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/lincoln-population">"Lincoln Population: 2022"</a>. worldpopulationreview.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221221826/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/lincoln-population">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Lincoln+Population%3A+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Flincoln-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E07000138" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E07000138">"2021 Census Area Profile – Lincoln Local Authority (E07000138)"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nomisweb.co.uk&rft.atitle=TS001+-+Number+of+usual+residents+in+households+and+communal+establishments+-+Nomis+-+Official+Census+and+Labour+Market+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fc2021ts001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastmidlands/admin/north_kesteven/E04005843__waddington/">"Waddington (Parish, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location"</a>. citypopulation.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601162454/https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastmidlands/admin/north_kesteven/E04005843__waddington/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Waddington+%28Parish%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map+and+Location&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Feastmidlands%2Fadmin%2Fnorth_kesteven%2FE04005843__waddington%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.n-kesteven.gov.uk/council-democracy/facts-figures-about-council/information-district">"Information on the District | North Kesteven District Council"</a>. www.n-kesteven.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601162500/https://www.n-kesteven.gov.uk/council-democracy/facts-figures-about-council/information-district">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.n-kesteven.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Information+on+the+District+%7C+North+Kesteven+District+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.n-kesteven.gov.uk%2Fcouncil-democracy%2Ffacts-figures-about-council%2Finformation-district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/history-heritage/">"History & Heritage of Lincoln – Iron Age, Roman, Medieval, Industrial, Modern | Visit Lincoln"</a>. Visit Lincoln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180218025754/https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/history-heritage/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Lincoln&rft.atitle=History+%26+Heritage+of+Lincoln+%E2%80%93+Iron+Age%2C+Roman%2C+Medieval%2C+Industrial%2C+Modern+%7C+Visit+Lincoln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlincoln.com%2Fabout-lincoln%2Fhistory-heritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matasović2009-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Matasovi%C4%872009_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatasović2009" class="citation book cs1">Matasović, Ranko (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YN_YPQAACAAJ">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic</a>. Brill Academic Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17336-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17336-1"><bdi>978-90-04-17336-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629021030/http://books.google.com/books?id=YN_YPQAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Proto-Celtic&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Pub&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17336-1&rft.aulast=Matasovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ranko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYN_YPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2001–2011" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas (2001–2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Lincoln&allowed_in_frame=0">"Lincoln"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119072937/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Lincoln&allowed_in_frame=0">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2011. <q>Lincoln: English city, county town of Lincolnshire, O.E. Lindcylene, from L. Lindum Colonia from a Latinate form of British *lindo "pool, lake" (corresponding to Welsh llyn). Originally a station for retired IX Legion veterans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Lincoln&rft.date=2001%2F2011&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DLincoln%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501203010/http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/asc/a.html">"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle – Parker MS: entry for 942"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/asc/a.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+Chronicle+%E2%80%93+Parker+MS%3A+entry+for+942&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww8.georgetown.edu%2Fdepartments%2Fmedieval%2Flabyrinth%2Flibrary%2Foe%2Ftexts%2Fasc%2Fa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Finds suggest a 100-to-1 preponderance over the nominal mints of Caistor, Horncastle and Louth; a hoard recovered at Corringham, near Gainsborough, consists mainly of coins minted at Lincoln and York (David Michael Metcalf, An Atlas of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Coin Finds, c. 973–1086, 1998:198–200). </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Richard Hall, Viking Age Archaeology (series Shire Archaeology) 2010:23. </li> <li id="cite_note-PS1-13"><a href="#cite_ref-PS1_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England326536" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=326536&resourceID=19191">"Lincoln castle (326536)"</a>. Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 3 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Lincoln+castle+%28326536%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D326536%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Local_Heritage-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Local_Heritage_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305052103/http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/visitor-and-leisure/heritage-and-tourism/local-heritage/jews-house-and-jews-court/110041.article">"Jews House and Jews Court"</a>. City of Lincoln Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/visitor-and-leisure/heritage-and-tourism/local-heritage/jews-house-and-jews-court/110041.article">the original</a> on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jews+House+and+Jews+Court&rft.pub=City+of+Lincoln+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincoln.gov.uk%2Fvisitor-and-leisure%2Fheritage-and-tourism%2Flocal-heritage%2Fjews-house-and-jews-court%2F110041.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England326716" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=326716&resourceID=19191">"Monument No. 326716"</a>. Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Monument+No.+326716&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D326716%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_16-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeil2003" class="citation news cs1">Weil, Eric (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/lincolnshire/asop/people/jewish_community.shtml">"Lincolnshire Jewish Community"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130708152728/http://www.bbc.co.uk/lincolnshire/asop/people/jewish_community.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lincolnshire+Jewish+Community&rft.date=2003-09&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Flincolnshire%2Fasop%2Fpeople%2Fjewish_community.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeRemilitari-17"><a href="#cite_ref-DeRemilitari_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_of_Wendovertranslated_by_J._A._Giles1849" class="citation web cs1">Roger of Wendover; translated by J. A. Giles (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024053150/http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/wendover.htm">"The Battle of Lincoln (1217), according to Roger of Wendover"</a>. Flowers of History. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/wendover.htm">the original</a> on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flowers+of+History&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Lincoln+%281217%29%2C+according+to+Roger+of+Wendover&rft.date=1849&rft.au=Roger+of+Wendover&rft.au=translated+by+J.+A.+Giles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deremilitari.org%2FRESOURCES%2FSOURCES%2Fwendover.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/lincoln-england">"The Jewish Community of Lincoln"</a>. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702122020/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/lincoln-england">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Community+of+Lincoln&rft.pub=The+Museum+of+the+Jewish+People+at+Beit+Hatfutsot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbs.bh.org.il%2Fplace%2Flincoln-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> A. Kissane, Civic Community in Late Medieval Lincoln: Urban Society and Economy in the Age of the Black Death, 1289–1409 (Woodbridge, 2017). Updated 4 January 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Lincoln">"Lincoln"</a>. Heraldry of the World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180110203912/http://ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Lincoln">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincoln&rft.pub=Heraldry+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngw.nl%2Fheraldrywiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DLincoln&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wedgwood_1970_248-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wedgwood_1970_248_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wedgwood_1970_248_21-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWedgwood1970">Wedgwood 1970</a>, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Donald, David Herbert. "Lincoln". Simon & Schuster, 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127130836/http://www.heritageconnectlincoln.com/lara-raz/the-sobraon-barracks/803">"Sobraon Barracks"</a>. Heritage Connect Lincoln. Archived from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sobraon+Barracks&rft.pub=Heritage+Connect+Lincoln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritageconnectlincoln.com%2Flara-raz%2Fthe-sobraon-barracks%2F803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drillhalls.org/Counties/Lincolnshire/TownLincoln.htm">"Drill Hall"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215112813/http://www.drillhalls.org/Counties/Lincolnshire/TownLincoln.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drill+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drillhalls.org%2FCounties%2FLincolnshire%2FTownLincoln.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130421125220/http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/100-year-old-promise-kept-following-typhoid/story-13417550-detail/story.html%23axzz2LdhgysLd">"100-year-old promise kept following typhoid epidemic in Lincoln"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/100-year-old-promise-kept-following-typhoid/story-13417550-detail/story.html#axzz2LdhgysLd">the original</a> on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100-year-old+promise+kept+following+typhoid+epidemic+in+Lincoln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisislincolnshire.co.uk%2F100-year-old-promise-kept-following-typhoid%2Fstory-13417550-detail%2Fstory.html%23axzz2LdhgysLd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> R. J. Reece, 1907, "Report on the Epidemic of Enteric Fever in the City of Lincoln, 1904–05". In Thirty-Fifth Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1905–06: Supplement Containing the Report of the Medical Officer for 1905–06. London:Local Government Board, 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Houston, Alexander C. (1921). "B. Welchii, Gastro-Enteritis and Water Supply." Engineering News-Record. 87:12, 484. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Moses N. Baker (1981), The Quest for Pure Water: the History of Water Purification from the Earliest Records to the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed., Vol. 1., Denver: American Water Works Association, p. 336. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlincoln.com/things-to-do/westgate-water-tower">"west gate water tower"</a>. visitlincoln.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115023308/https://www.visitlincoln.com/things-to-do/westgate-water-tower">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitlincoln.com&rft.atitle=west+gate+water+tower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlincoln.com%2Fthings-to-do%2Fwestgate-water-tower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/history-heritage/aviation/">"aviation history"</a>. visitlincoln.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115025027/https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/history-heritage/aviation/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitlincoln.com&rft.atitle=aviation+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlincoln.com%2Fabout-lincoln%2Fhistory-heritage%2Faviation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Lincolnshire Echo Monday 23 October 1944, page 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Lincolnshire Echo Tuesday 5 December 1944, page 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Lincolnshire Echo Monday 10 December 1945, page 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Lincolnshire Echo Saturday 21 August 1999, page 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Lincolnshire Echo Saturday 5 August 1961, page 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Lincolnshire Echo Tuesday 24 November 1987, page 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/february_5_2008.htm">"Siemens identifies Lincolnshire site for relocation plans"</a>. siemens.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221720/http://www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/february_5_2008.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=siemens.co.uk&rft.atitle=Siemens+identifies+Lincolnshire+site+for+relocation+plans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siemens.co.uk%2Fen%2Fnews_press%2Findex%2Fnews_archive%2Ffebruary_5_2008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itpaero.com/en/">"Home"</a>. www.itpaero.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306224553/https://www.itpaero.com/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.itpaero.com&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itpaero.com%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrouquet2009" class="citation web cs1">Brouquet, Henri (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exchange.esa.int/thermal-workshop/attachments/workshop2009/appendix/ESATAN-Talk.pdf">"ESATAN Thermal Modelling Suite Development Status 2009"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123814/https://exchange.esa.int/thermal-workshop/attachments/workshop2009/appendix/ESATAN-Talk.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESATAN+Thermal+Modelling+Suite+Development+Status+2009&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Brouquet&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexchange.esa.int%2Fthermal-workshop%2Fattachments%2Fworkshop2009%2Fappendix%2FESATAN-Talk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/abouttheuniversity/ourhistory/">"Our History – About the University – University of Lincoln"</a>. lincoln.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218174954/http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/abouttheuniversity/ourhistory/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lincoln.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Our+History+%E2%80%93+About+the+University+%E2%80%93+University+of+Lincoln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincoln.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fabouttheuniversity%2Fourhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/157187867/Central-Lincolnshire-Local-Plan-Core-Strategy">"Central Lincolnshire Local Plan Core Strategy – Strategic Management – Sustainability"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305185527/https://www.scribd.com/doc/157187867/Central-Lincolnshire-Local-Plan-Core-Strategy">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. 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Retrieved 20 March 2018 – via Scribd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Lincolnshire+Local+Plan+Core+Strategy+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Management+%E2%80%93+Sustainability&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F157187867%2FCentral-Lincolnshire-Local-Plan-Core-Strategy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCromar2021" class="citation web cs1">Cromar, Chris (5 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicsectorexecutive.com/articles/key-cities-welcome-four-new-authorities-organisation">"Key Cities welcome four new authorities to organisation"</a>. Public Sector Executive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205090730/https://www.publicsectorexecutive.com/articles/key-cities-welcome-four-new-authorities-organisation">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Sector+Executive&rft.atitle=Key+Cities+welcome+four+new+authorities+to+organisation&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft.aulast=Cromar&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicsectorexecutive.com%2Farticles%2Fkey-cities-welcome-four-new-authorities-organisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keycities.co.uk/lincoln">"Lincoln | Key Cities"</a>. keycities.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228025406/https://www.keycities.co.uk/lincoln">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keycities.co.uk&rft.atitle=Lincoln+%7C+Key+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keycities.co.uk%2Flincoln&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincolnthinktank.co.uk/">"Lincoln Think Tank the Home of Business Innovation"</a>. Think Tank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321063240/http://www.lincolnthinktank.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Think+Tank&rft.atitle=Lincoln+Think+Tank+the+Home+of+Business+Innovation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnthinktank.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-11889222">"Christmas Market cancelled"</a>. Lincoln, United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202055655/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-11889222">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010. <q>Taking advice from partners, including Lincolnshire Police, East Midlands Ambulance Service and Lincolnshire County Council Highways, organisers at Lincoln Council have taken the decision to cancel the event. Rob Bradley from the City Council is in charge of safety at the event. He said: 'It is with extreme regret that we... cancel the Lincoln Christmas Market this year. It has taken extreme weather conditions to do this, the first time it's happened in the history of the market.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Christmas+Market+cancelled&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-lincolnshire-11889222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205044350/http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/news/DISASTER/article-2961375-detail/article.html">"Traders say decision to cancel Christmas market is 'a disgrace' and 'a disaster'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Echo" title="Lincolnshire Echo">Lincolnshire Echo</a>. Lincoln, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Northcliffe_Media" title="Northcliffe Media">Northcliffe Media</a>. 2 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/news/DISASTER/article-2961375-detail/article.html">the original</a> on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010. <q>Lincoln Christmas Market has been cancelled for the first time in its 28-year history</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lincolnshire+Echo&rft.atitle=Traders+say+decision+to+cancel+Christmas+market+is+%27a+disgrace%27+and+%27a+disaster%27&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisislincolnshire.co.uk%2Fnews%2FDISASTER%2Farticle-2961375-detail%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlincoln.com/blog/lincoln-christmas-market-2020-cancelled#:~:text=The%20decision%20has%20been%20made,visiting%20and%20operating%20the%20market.">"Details"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529105820/https://www.visitlincoln.com/blog/lincoln-christmas-market-2020-cancelled#:~:text=The%20decision%20has%20been%20made,visiting%20and%20operating%20the%20market.">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlincoln.com%2Fblog%2Flincoln-christmas-market-2020-cancelled%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520decision%2520has%2520been%2520made%2Cvisiting%2520and%2520operating%2520the%2520market.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/maps/choropleth/population/country-of-birth/country-of-birth-60a/europe-other-europe-eu-countries-countries-that-joined-the-eu-between-april-2001-and-march-2011-lithuania">"Country of birth - Census Maps, ONS"</a>. www.ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601164121/https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/maps/choropleth/population/country-of-birth/country-of-birth-60a/europe-other-europe-eu-countries-countries-that-joined-the-eu-between-april-2001-and-march-2011-lithuania">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Country+of+birth+-+Census+Maps%2C+ONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fcensus%2Fmaps%2Fchoropleth%2Fpopulation%2Fcountry-of-birth%2Fcountry-of-birth-60a%2Feurope-other-europe-eu-countries-countries-that-joined-the-eu-between-april-2001-and-march-2011-lithuania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021censusdemo-52"><a href="#cite_ref-2021censusdemo_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2021-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">"2021 Census: Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224143452/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2021-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2021+Census%3A+Key+Statistics+for+Local+Authorities+in+England+and+Wales&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2021-census%2Fkey-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-table-ks201ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincoln.anglican.org/church-types">"Churches of Lincoln"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204005512/https://www.lincoln.anglican.org/church-types/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Churches+of+Lincoln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincoln.anglican.org%2Fchurch-types&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wanderlog.com/list/geoCategory/121079/-best-churches-in-lincoln">"34 Best churches in Lincoln"</a>. Wanderlog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106210217/https://wanderlog.com/list/geoCategory/121079/-best-churches-in-lincoln">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wanderlog&rft.atitle=34+Best+churches+in+Lincoln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwanderlog.com%2Flist%2FgeoCategory%2F121079%2F-best-churches-in-lincoln&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/community/lincoln1/index.htm">"Lincolnshire Jewish Community (Progressive Congregation), Lincoln, Lincs., England"</a>. Jewish Communities and Records. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111122858/https://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/community/lincoln1/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Communities+and+Records&rft.atitle=Lincolnshire+Jewish+Community+%28Progressive+Congregation%29%2C+Lincoln%2C+Lincs.%2C+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2Fjcr-uk%2Fcommunity%2Flincoln1%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jscn.org.uk/lincolnshire-jewish-community/">"Lincolnshire Jewish Community"</a>. Jewish Small Communities Network. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Small+Communities+Network&rft.atitle=Lincolnshire+Jewish+Community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjscn.org.uk%2Flincolnshire-jewish-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106210216/https://www.lincolnsynagogue.com/">"Lincoln Synagogue | England"</a>. Lincoln Synagogue. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolnsynagogue.com/">the original</a> on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lincoln+Synagogue&rft.atitle=Lincoln+Synagogue+%7C+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnsynagogue.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stnicholaslincoln.org.uk/">"St Nicholas' Church"</a>. www.stnicholaslincoln.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114085319/https://www.stnicholaslincoln.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stnicholaslincoln.org.uk&rft.atitle=St+Nicholas%27+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stnicholaslincoln.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExpress" class="citation web cs1">Express, Britain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britainexpress.com/counties/lincs/churches/index.htm">"Historic Churches in Lincolnshire | Historic Lincolnshire Guide"</a>. Britain Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106210215/https://www.britainexpress.com/counties/lincs/churches/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britain+Express&rft.atitle=Historic+Churches+in+Lincolnshire+%7C+Historic+Lincolnshire+Guide&rft.aulast=Express&rft.aufirst=Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britainexpress.com%2Fcounties%2Flincs%2Fchurches%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick1902" class="citation book cs1">Kendrick, A F (1902) [1898, reprinted with corrections, 1899, 1902]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204224341/http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/PG/BellsLincoln/BellsLincoln.htm">The Cathedral Church of Lincoln: a history and description of its fabric and a list of the Bishops</a>. London, United Kingdom: George Bell & Sons. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/PG/BellsLincoln/BellsLincoln.htm">the original</a> on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cathedral+Church+of+Lincoln%3A+a+history+and+description+of+its+fabric+and+a+list+of+the+Bishops&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=A+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgwydir.demon.co.uk%2FPG%2FBellsLincoln%2FBellsLincoln.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsantos2013" class="citation web cs1">santos, cory (6 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2013/11/when-lincoln-cathedral-was-the-tallest-building-in-the-world">"When Lincoln Cathedral was the tallest building in the world"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207203114/https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2013/11/when-lincoln-cathedral-was-the-tallest-building-in-the-world/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Lincoln+Cathedral+was+the+tallest+building+in+the+world&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft.aulast=santos&rft.aufirst=cory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnite.co.uk%2F2013%2F11%2Fwhen-lincoln-cathedral-was-the-tallest-building-in-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kendrick-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Kendrick_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick1902" class="citation book cs1">Kendrick, A. F. (1902). "2: The Central Tower". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cathedralchurcho00kend">The Cathedral Church of Lincoln: A History and Description of its Fabric and a List of the Bishops</a>. London: George Bell & Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cathedralchurcho00kend/page/60">60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-178-03666-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-178-03666-4"><bdi>978-1-178-03666-4</bdi></a>. <q>The tall spire of timber, covered with lead, which originally crowned this tower reached an altitude, it is said, of 525 feet, although this is doubtful. This blew down in a storm in January 1547-1548.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%3A+The+Central+Tower&rft.btitle=The+Cathedral+Church+of+Lincoln%3A+A+History+and+Description+of+its+Fabric+and+a+List+of+the+Bishops&rft.place=London&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1902&rft.isbn=978-1-178-03666-4&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcathedralchurcho00kend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Mary Jane Taber (1905), The Cathedrals of England: An account of some of their distinguishing characteristics, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lincolncathedral.com/building/history/">"Lincoln Cathedral – History"</a>. The Dean and Chapter of Lincoln Cathedral. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119143029/http://lincolncathedral.com/building/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2011. <q>Between 1307 and 1311 the central tower was raised to its present height. Then about 1370–1400, the western towers were heightened. All three had spires until 1549, when the one on the central tower blew down.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincoln+Cathedral+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=The+Dean+and+Chapter+of+Lincoln+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flincolncathedral.com%2Fbuilding%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EN-65"><a href="#cite_ref-EN_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904115017/http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/jca45%2B47_tcm6-5658.pdf">"Northern Lincolnshire Edge with Coversands and Southern Lincolnshire Edge"</a> (PDF). Natural England. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/jca45+47_tcm6-5658.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Lincolnshire+Edge+with+Coversands+and+Southern+Lincolnshire+Edge&rft.pub=Natural+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalengland.org.uk%2FImages%2Fjca45%2B47_tcm6-5658.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeachyRoth2007-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BeachyRoth2007_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BeachyRoth2007_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeachyRoth2007" class="citation book cs1">Beachy, Robert; Roth, Ralf (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UQzGUZasbQkC&pg=PA74">Who Ran the Cities?: City Elites and Urban Power Structures in Europe and North America, 1750–1940</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 74–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5153-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5153-6"><bdi>978-0-7546-5153-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629020924/http://books.google.com/books?id=UQzGUZasbQkC&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Ran+the+Cities%3F%3A+City+Elites+and+Urban+Power+Structures+in+Europe+and+North+America%2C+1750%E2%80%931940&rft.pages=74-78&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5153-6&rft.aulast=Beachy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Roth%2C+Ralf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUQzGUZasbQkC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lincolncathedral.com/peregrines/">"Peregrines at Lincoln Cathedral"</a>. Lincoln Cathedral. 14 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202726/https://lincolncathedral.com/peregrines/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lincoln+Cathedral&rft.atitle=Peregrines+at+Lincoln+Cathedral&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flincolncathedral.com%2Fperegrines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/areas-of-lincoln/brayford-waterfront/explore-the-brayford/">"Explore the Brayford"</a>. Visit Lincoln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203204252/https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/areas-of-lincoln/brayford-waterfront/explore-the-brayford/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Lincoln&rft.atitle=Explore+the+Brayford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlincoln.com%2Fabout-lincoln%2Fareas-of-lincoln%2Fbrayford-waterfront%2Fexplore-the-brayford%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/nice-day-stroll-deer-shocks-2986913">"Lincolnshire Live – Nice Day for a Stroll! Deer Shocks Locals by Walking through a Lincoln Housing Estate"</a>. 17 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190618145916/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/nice-day-stroll-deer-shocks-2986913">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincolnshire+Live+%E2%80%93+Nice+Day+for+a+Stroll%21+Deer+Shocks+Locals+by+Walking+through+a+Lincoln+Housing+Estate&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnshirelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flincoln-news%2Fnice-day-stroll-deer-shocks-2986913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2014" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Daniel (23 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/15-best-fishing-locations-lincolnshire-70848">"15 of the best fishing locations in Lincolnshire"</a>. lincolnshirelive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327140023/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/15-best-fishing-locations-lincolnshire-70848">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lincolnshirelive&rft.atitle=15+of+the+best+fishing+locations+in+Lincolnshire&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnshirelive.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fwhats-on-news%2F15-best-fishing-locations-lincolnshire-70848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Flinn2018" class="citation web cs1">O'Flinn, Holly (3 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/family-otters-caught-camera-swimming-1529156">"Family of otters caught on camera swimming in the Witham in Lincoln"</a>. lincolnshirelive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005814/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/family-otters-caught-camera-swimming-1529156">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lincolnshirelive&rft.atitle=Family+of+otters+caught+on+camera+swimming+in+the+Witham+in+Lincoln&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.aulast=O%27Flinn&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnshirelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flincoln-news%2Ffamily-otters-caught-camera-swimming-1529156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202703/https://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/news/conservationists-and-anglers-clash-over-otters-return-1-8309880/">"Conservationists and anglers clash over otters' return"</a>. Grantham Journal. 1 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/news/conservationists-and-anglers-clash-over-otters-return-1-8309880/">the original</a> on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grantham+Journal&rft.atitle=Conservationists+and+anglers+clash+over+otters%27+return&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.granthamjournal.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fconservationists-and-anglers-clash-over-otters-return-1-8309880%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011BUAcensus-73"><a href="#cite_ref-2011BUAcensus_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2011E34005030" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=E34005030">"Local Area Report – Lincoln Built-up Area (E34005030)"</a>, Nomis, <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a>, retrieved 17 April 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Lincoln+Built-up+Area+%28E34005030%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE34005030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-synop_reports_summary-74"><a href="#cite_ref-synop_reports_summary_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03377&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2022&mes=07&day=19&hora=18">"synop reports summary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNMI_(institute)" class="mw-redirect" title="KNMI (institute)">KNMI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719223721/https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03377&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2022&mes=07&day=19&hora=18">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=synop+reports+summary&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.https%3A%2F%2Fogimet.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgsynres%3Flang%3Den%26ind%3D03377%26decoded%3Dyes%26ndays%3D2%26ano%3D2022%26mes%3D07%26day%3D19%26hora%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=8&year=1956&indexid=TNn&stationid=351">"1956 temperature"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNMI_(institute)" class="mw-redirect" title="KNMI (institute)">KNMI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605185504/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=8&year=1956&indexid=TNn&stationid=351">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1956+temperature&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fmonitordetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D8%26year%3D1956%26indexid%3DTNn%26stationid%3D351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206164520/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/monthly_temperature_country.html">"1981 temperature"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UKMO" class="mw-redirect" title="UKMO">UKMO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/monthly_temperature_country.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1981+temperature&rft.pub=UKMO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Fextremes%2Fmonthly_temperature_country.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=351">"2010 temperature"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNMI_(institute)" class="mw-redirect" title="KNMI (institute)">KNMI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605185519/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=351">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+temperature&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fmonitordetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D18%26year%3D2010%26indexid%3DTNn%26stationid%3D351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/SCAMPTON_RAF/07-12-2010/33730.htm">"2010 Scampton temperature"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNMI_(institute)" class="mw-redirect" title="KNMI (institute)">KNMI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529105754/https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/12-2010/ws-33730.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Scampton+temperature&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutiempo.net%2Fen%2FClimate%2FSCAMPTON_RAF%2F07-12-2010%2F33730.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Met_Averages-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Met_Averages_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcrws0hwg">"Waddington (Lincolnshire) UK climate averages"</a>. Met Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102001711/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcrws0hwg">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waddington+%28Lincolnshire%29+UK+climate+averages&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fgcrws0hwg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UK/03377.TXT">"Waddington climate normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php">the original</a> on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indices+Data+%E2%80%93+Waddington+351&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2F%2Fdownload%2Fmillennium%2Fmillennium.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-metoffice.gov.uk-84"><a href="#cite_ref-metoffice.gov.uk_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcrx784rv">"Scampton (Lincolnshire) UK climate averages"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102070547/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcrx784rv">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scampton+%28Lincolnshire%29+UK+climate+averages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fgcrx784rv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitelam2021" class="citation web cs1">Whitelam, Paul (15 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/local-news/gallery/incredible-video-shows-past-present-6290233">"Video shows past and present of Lincolnshire's lost railway"</a>. LincolnshireLive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703075104/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/local-news/gallery/incredible-video-shows-past-present-6290233">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LincolnshireLive&rft.atitle=Video+shows+past+and+present+of+Lincolnshire%27s+lost+railway&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft.aulast=Whitelam&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolnshirelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fgallery%2Fincredible-video-shows-past-present-6290233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Monument/MDR8651">"MDR8651 - Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway (route of), North East Derbyshire and Bolsover - Derbyshire Historic Environment Record"</a>. her.derbyshire.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703075104/https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Monument/MDR8651">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=her.derbyshire.gov.uk&rft.atitle=MDR8651+-+Lancashire%2C+Derbyshire+and+East+Coast+Railway+%28route+of%29%2C+North+East+Derbyshire+and+Bolsover+-+Derbyshire+Historic+Environment+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fher.derbyshire.gov.uk%2FMonument%2FMDR8651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tracksthroughgrantham.uk/grantham-railway-history/">"Grantham Railway History"</a>. Tracks through Grantham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703075104/https://www.tracksthroughgrantham.uk/grantham-railway-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tracks+through+Grantham&rft.atitle=Grantham+Railway+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tracksthroughgrantham.uk%2Fgrantham-railway-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2022/08/former-railway-station-to-be-converted-into-events-venue-with-food-hall-bars-and-shops/">"Former railway station to be converted into events venue with food hall, bars and shops"</a>. The Lincolnite. 25 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703075103/https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2022/08/former-railway-station-to-be-converted-into-events-venue-with-food-hall-bars-and-shops/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lincolnite&rft.atitle=Former+railway+station+to+be+converted+into+events+venue+with+food+hall%2C+bars+and+shops&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnite.co.uk%2F2022%2F08%2Fformer-railway-station-to-be-converted-into-events-venue-with-food-hall-bars-and-shops%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubert" class="citation web cs1">Schubert, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/news/article/505/new-lincoln-eastern-bypass-now-open">"New Lincoln Eastern Bypass now open"</a>. Lincolnshire County Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219133012/https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/news/article/505/new-lincoln-eastern-bypass-now-open">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. 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Lincolnshire County Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125180613/https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/news/article/471/county-council-awarded-110-million-towards-north-hykeham-relief-road">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2020. 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Retrieved 17 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Success+for+past+pupil+Ross+McLaren&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joycemason.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fsuccess-for-past-pupil-ross-mclaren%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5604727/Steve-Race.html">"Obituaries: Steve Race"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227123625/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5604727/Steve-Race.html">Archived</a> 27 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Www.telegraph.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Www.telegraph.co.uk">Telegraph.co.uk</a>, 22 June 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_R_Wright2016" class="citation book cs1">Neil R Wright (2016). Treading the Boards. SLHA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treading+the+Boards&rft.pub=SLHA&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Neil+R+Wright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.shef.ac.uk/agents/people/87">"Robinson, David, Born 1930 | Discover Our Archives"</a>. archives.shef.ac.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.shef.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Robinson%2C+David%2C+Born+1930+%7C+Discover+Our+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.shef.ac.uk%2Fagents%2Fpeople%2F87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193334/http://www.thecollectionmuseum.com/?%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory-of-the-usher-gallery">"History of the Usher Gallery"</a>. The collection web site. Lincolnshire county council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecollectionmuseum.com/?/about-us/history-of-the-usher-gallery">the original</a> on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+collection+web+site&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Usher+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecollectionmuseum.com%2F%3F%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory-of-the-usher-gallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns_117-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns_117-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln's_Twin_Towns_117-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenn" class="citation web cs1">Fenn, Kate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/your-council/civic-and-twinning/lincolns-twin-towns/">"Lincoln's Twin Towns"</a>. City of Lincoln Council, City Hall, Beaumont Fee, Lincoln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703205849/http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/your-council/civic-and-twinning/lincolns-twin-towns/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincoln%27s+Twin+Towns&rft.pub=City+of+Lincoln+Council%2C+City+Hall%2C+Beaumont+Fee%2C+Lincoln&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincoln.gov.uk%2Fyour-council%2Fcivic-and-twinning%2Flincolns-twin-towns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lincoln_twinning_agreed_with_Chinese_city-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln_twinning_agreed_with_Chinese_city_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton2014" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Emily (22 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2014/10/lincoln-twinning-agreed-chinese-city/">"Lincoln Twinning agreed with Chinese city"</a>. The Lincolnite, Stonebow Media Ltd, Sparkhouse Studios, Lincoln, LN6 7DQ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029165656/http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2014/10/lincoln-twinning-agreed-chinese-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincoln+Twinning+agreed+with+Chinese+city&rft.pub=The+Lincolnite%2C+Stonebow+Media+Ltd%2C+Sparkhouse+Studios%2C+Lincoln%2C+LN6+7DQ&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnite.co.uk%2F2014%2F10%2Flincoln-twinning-agreed-chinese-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaines2022" class="citation web cs1">Jaines, Daniel (18 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2022/03/lincoln-arts-champion-to-be-presented-with-freedom-of-the-city/">"Lincoln arts champion to be presented with Freedom of the City"</a>. The Lincolnite. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319003910/https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2022/03/lincoln-arts-champion-to-be-presented-with-freedom-of-the-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lincolnite&rft.atitle=Lincoln+arts+champion+to+be+presented+with+Freedom+of+the+City&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft.aulast=Jaines&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnite.co.uk%2F2022%2F03%2Flincoln-arts-champion-to-be-presented-with-freedom-of-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPathé" class="citation web cs1">Pathé, British. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpathe.com/video/astra-gazette-12">"Astra Gazette 12"</a>. britishpathe.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320094014/https://www.britishpathe.com/video/astra-gazette-12">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britishpathe.com&rft.atitle=Astra+Gazette+12&rft.aulast=Path%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=British&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpathe.com%2Fvideo%2Fastra-gazette-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/parade-shun-waddington-scampton-s-centenary-march/story-29132299-detail/story.html">http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/parade-shun-waddington-scampton-s-centenary-march/story-29132299-detail/story.html</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2017/04/raf-stations-set-freedom-city-parade-lincoln/">"RAF stations set for Freedom of the City parade in Lincoln"</a>. 4 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404175618/http://thelincolnite.co.uk/2017/04/raf-stations-set-freedom-city-parade-lincoln/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RAF+stations+set+for+Freedom+of+the+City+parade+in+Lincoln&rft.date=2017-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnite.co.uk%2F2017%2F04%2Fraf-stations-set-freedom-city-parade-lincoln%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Royal_Anglian" class="citation web cs1">The Royal Anglian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211017200852/http://www.thelincolnshireregiment.org/free2009.shtml">"The Royal Anglian and Royal Lincolnshire Regimental Association"</a>. The Royal Anglian and Royal Lincolnshire Regimental Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelincolnshireregiment.org/free2009.shtml">the original</a> on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Anglian+and+Royal+Lincolnshire+Regimental+Association&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Anglian+and+Royal+Lincolnshire+Regimental+Association&rft.au=The+Royal+Anglian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelincolnshireregiment.org%2Ffree2009.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Privileges_and_Customs-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Privileges_and_Customs_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grengds.com/static.php?content_id=59">"Privileges and Customs"</a>. Grenadier Guards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329235736/http://grengds.com/static.php?content_id=59">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Privileges+and+Customs&rft.pub=Grenadier+Guards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrengds.com%2Fstatic.php%3Fcontent_id%3D59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civicheraldry.co.uk/east_midlands.html">"East Midlands Region"</a>. Civic Heraldry of England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512150340/http://civicheraldry.co.uk/east_midlands.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Midlands+Region&rft.pub=Civic+Heraldry+of+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcivicheraldry.co.uk%2Feast_midlands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyesRussell1977" class="citation book cs1">Boyes, John; Russell, Ronald (1977). The Canals of Eastern England. David and Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-7415-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-7415-3"><bdi>978-0-7153-7415-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canals+of+Eastern+England&rft.pub=David+and+Charles&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-7153-7415-3&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Russell%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Francis Hill, 1948. Medieval Lincoln (Cambridge: University Press)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKissane2017" class="citation book cs1">Kissane, Alan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104144958/https://boydellandbrewer.com/civic-community-in-late-medieval-lincoln-hb.html">Civic Community in Late Medieval Lincoln: Urban Society and Economy in the Age of the Black Death, 1289-1409</a>. Boydell and Brewer. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783271634" title="Special:BookSources/9781783271634"><bdi>9781783271634</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boydellandbrewer.com/civic-community-in-late-medieval-lincoln-hb.html">the original</a> on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civic+Community+in+Late+Medieval+Lincoln%3A+Urban+Society+and+Economy+in+the+Age+of+the+Black+Death%2C+1289-1409&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Boydell+and+Brewer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781783271634&rft.aulast=Kissane&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboydellandbrewer.com%2Fcivic-community-in-late-medieval-lincoln-hb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedgwood1970" class="citation book cs1">Wedgwood, C. V. (1970). The King's War: 1641–1647. London: Fontana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King%27s+War%3A+1641%E2%80%931647&rft.pub=London%3A+Fontana&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Wedgwood&rft.aufirst=C.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincoln%2C+England" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lincoln,_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lincoln, England">Lincoln, England</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 38px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="38" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (9th ed.) article <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Lincoln" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Lincoln">Lincoln</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lincoln#Q180057" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Lincoln">Lincoln</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/">City of Lincoln Council</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319161854/http://www.lincoln.gov.uk/">Archived</a> 19 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208141136/http://lincoln.ac.uk/">University of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bishopg.ac.uk/">Bishop Grosseteste University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122759/http://www.bishopg.ac.uk/">Archived</a> 13 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendomesday.org/place/SK9771/lincoln/">Lincoln</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_links">Video links</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Video links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=33300">Pathe Newsreel, 1950, Europes largest foundry opens in Lincoln</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=9657">Pathe newsreel, 1934, about Lincoln</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104043800/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=9657">Archived</a> 4 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&oldid=1259603867">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&oldid=1259603867</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln,_England&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 26 November 2024, at 01:30 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="لينكن (إنجلترا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لينكن (إنجلترا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Inglaterra)" title="Lincoln (Inglaterra) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lincoln (Inglaterra)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="لینکلن، اینگیلیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لینکلن، اینگیلیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="লিঙ্কোন, যুক্তরাজ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিঙ্কোন, যুক্তরাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Eng-l%C3%A2n)" title="Lincoln (Eng-lân) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lincoln (Eng-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Лінкальн (Англія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінкальн (Англія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Линкълн (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Линкълн (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Bro-Saoz)" title="Lincoln (Bro-Saoz) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lincoln (Bro-Saoz)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Anglaterra)" title="Lincoln (Anglaterra) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lincoln (Anglaterra)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian)" title="Lincoln (kapital sa kondado sa Hiniusang Gingharian) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lincoln (kapital sa kondado sa Hiniusang Gingharian)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Lincolnshire)" title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(England)" title="Lincoln (England) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lincoln (England)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Lincolnshire)" title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Suurbritannia)" title="Lincoln (Suurbritannia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lincoln (Suurbritannia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BD_(%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Λίνκολν (Αγγλία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίνκολν (Αγγλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Reino_Unido)" title="Lincoln (Reino Unido) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lincoln (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Anglio)" title="Lincoln (Anglio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lincoln (Anglio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Ingalaterra)" title="Lincoln (Ingalaterra) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lincoln (Ingalaterra)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لینکلن، انگلستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لینکلن، انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Ongland)" title="Lincoln (Ongland) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lincoln (Ongland)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Ingel%C3%A2n)" title="Lincoln (Ingelân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lincoln (Ingelân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EC%BB%A8_(%EB%A7%81%EC%BB%A8%EC%85%94%EC%A3%BC)" title="링컨 (링컨셔주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="링컨 (링컨셔주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B6_(%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Լինքոլն (Անգլիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լինքոլն (Անգլիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81)" title="Линкольн (Англис) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Линкольн (Англис)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Regno_Unito)" title="Lincoln (Regno Unito) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lincoln (Regno Unito)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94)" title="לינקולן (אנגליה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינקולן (אנגליה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="ლინკოლნი (ინგლისი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლინკოლნი (ინგლისი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Lincolnshire)" title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln" title="Lincoln – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lincoln" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindum" title="Lindum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lindum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkolna_(Anglija)" title="Linkolna (Anglija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Linkolna (Anglija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkolnas_(Anglija)" title="Linkolnas (Anglija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Linkolnas (Anglija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Anglia)" title="Lincoln (Anglia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lincoln (Anglia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringikana" title="Ringikana – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ringikana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86" title="لنكولن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لنكولن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لینکلن، انگلستان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لینکلن، انگلستان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%9F,_%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯤꯡꯀꯟ, ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯡꯀꯟ, ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="လင်ကွန်းမြို့၊ အင်္ဂလန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လင်ကွန်းမြို့၊ အင်္ဂလန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Engeland)" title="Lincoln (Engeland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lincoln (Engeland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="リンカン (イングランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リンカン (イングランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Lincolnshire)" title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(England)" title="Lincoln (England) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lincoln (England)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_i_England" title="Lincoln i England – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lincoln i England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Wielka_Brytania)" title="Lincoln (Wielka Brytania) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lincoln (Wielka Brytania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Inglaterra)" title="Lincoln (Inglaterra) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lincoln (Inglaterra)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Lincolnshire)" title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lincoln (Lincolnshire)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Линкольн (Англия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линкольн (Англия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Ingland" title="Lincoln, Ingland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lincoln, Ingland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lincoln, England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Yngland)" title="Lincoln (Yngland) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lincoln (Yngland)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD_(%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Линколн (Енглеска) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Линколн (Енглеска)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Engleska" title="Lincoln, Engleska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lincoln, Engleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(Englanti)" title="Lincoln (Englanti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lincoln (Englanti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD" title="Линкольн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Линкольн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9)" title="ลิงคอล์น (ประเทศอังกฤษ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิงคอล์น (ประเทศอังกฤษ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Лінкольн (Англія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінкольн (Англія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لنکن، انگلستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لنکن، انگلستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Anh" title="Lincoln, Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lincoln, Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%EF%BC%88%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%E9%83%A1%EF%BC%89" title="林肯（林肯郡） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="林肯（林肯郡）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%80%AB)" title="林肯 (英倫) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="林肯 (英倫)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_%C4%B0ng%C4%B1ltere" title="Lincoln, İngıltere – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lincoln, İngıltere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF_(%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%E9%83%A1)" title="林肯 (林肯郡) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="林肯 (林肯郡)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 01:30 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" 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