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Revolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Ukraine_and_the_Orange_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euromaidan,_Revolution_of_Dignity,_and_pro-Russian_unrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euromaidan,_Revolution_of_Dignity,_and_pro-Russian_unrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Euromaidan, Revolution of Dignity, and pro-Russian unrest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euromaidan,_Revolution_of_Dignity,_and_pro-Russian_unrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_military_bases_in_Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_military_bases_in_Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Russian military bases in Crimea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_military_bases_in_Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legality_and_declaration_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legality_and_declaration_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Legality and declaration of war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legality_and_declaration_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_annexation_of_Crimea_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_annexation_of_Crimea_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Russian annexation of Crimea (2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_annexation_of_Crimea_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_the_Donbas_(2014–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_the_Donbas_(2014–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 War in the Donbas (2014–2015) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_the_Donbas_(2014–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-Russia_unrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Russia_unrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Pro-Russia unrest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Russia_unrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armed_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Armed conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2014_Russian_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2014_Russian_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 August 2014 Russian invasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2014_Russian_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mariupol_offensive_and_first_Minsk_ceasefire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mariupol_offensive_and_first_Minsk_ceasefire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Mariupol offensive and first Minsk ceasefire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mariupol_offensive_and_first_Minsk_ceasefire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_2014_and_Minsk_II_agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_2014_and_Minsk_II_agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5 End of 2014 and Minsk II agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_2014_and_Minsk_II_agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Line_of_conflict_stabilizes_(2015–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Line_of_conflict_stabilizes_(2015–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Line of conflict stabilizes (2015–2022) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Line_of_conflict_stabilizes_(2015–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2018_Kerch_Strait_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_Kerch_Strait_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 2018 Kerch Strait incident </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_Kerch_Strait_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 2019–2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full-scale_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full-scale_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full-scale_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Prelude </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Escalation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escalation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Escalation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escalation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full-scale_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full-scale_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Full-scale invasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full-scale_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_counteroffensives_and_stalemate_(2022–2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_counteroffensives_and_stalemate_(2022–2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Ukrainian counteroffensives and stalemate (2022–2023) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_counteroffensives_and_stalemate_(2022–2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_campaigns_and_Ukrainian_Kursk_offensive_(1_December_2023_–_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_campaigns_and_Ukrainian_Kursk_offensive_(1_December_2023_–_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Russian campaigns and Ukrainian Kursk offensive (1 December 2023 – present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_campaigns_and_Ukrainian_Kursk_offensive_(1_December_2023_–_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes_and_human_rights_violations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes_and_human_rights_violations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 War crimes and human rights violations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes_and_human_rights_violations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Related issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Related issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Related_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spillover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spillover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Spillover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spillover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_disputes_and_Nord_Stream_sabotage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_disputes_and_Nord_Stream_sabotage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Gas disputes and Nord Stream sabotage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_disputes_and_Nord_Stream_sabotage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybrid_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Hybrid warfare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_propaganda_and_disinformation_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_propaganda_and_disinformation_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Russian propaganda and disinformation campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_propaganda_and_disinformation_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_in_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_in_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Role of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_in_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia–NATO_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia–NATO_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Russia–NATO relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia–NATO_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_the_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_the_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Reactions to the Russian annexation of Crimea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_the_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Ukrainian response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NATO_and_United_States_military_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NATO_and_United_States_military_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 NATO and United States military response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NATO_and_United_States_military_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Financial markets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Reactions to the war in Donbas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Ukrainian public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Russian public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_public_opinion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_public_opinion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Ukrainian public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_public_opinion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_public_opinion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_public_opinion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Russian public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_public_opinion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_military_suppliers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_military_suppliers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.4 Russian military suppliers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_military_suppliers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.5 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Russo-Ukrainian War</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" > 98 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiese_oorlog_teen_Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Russiese oorlog teen Oekraïne – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russiese oorlog teen Oekraïne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch-Ukrainischer_Krieg" title="Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%B3%E1%8D%BB%E1%8D%B2%E1%8D%AC_%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B6-%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AC%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%80%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%B5" title="፳፻፲፬ የሩሶ-ዩክሬን ቀውስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="፳፻፲፬ የሩሶ-ዩክሬን ቀውስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_ruso-ucrainesa" title="Guerra ruso-ucrainesa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guerra ruso-ucrainesa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="ৰুছ-ইউক্ৰেনীয় যুদ্ধ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰুছ-ইউক্ৰেনীয় যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_ruso-ucra%C3%ADna" title="Guerra ruso-ucraína – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra ruso-ucraína" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya%E2%80%93Ukrayna_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="Rusiya–Ukrayna müharibəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya–Ukrayna müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="روسیه اوکراین ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه اوکراین ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="রুশ-ইউক্রেনীয় যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ-ইউক্রেনীয় যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Расійска-ўкраінская вайна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расійска-ўкраінская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Расейска-ўкраінская вайна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расейска-ўкраінская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerang_Ruso-Ukranyano" title="Gerang Ruso-Ukranyano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gerang Ruso-Ukranyano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Руско-украинска война – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руско-украинска война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinski_rat" title="Rusko-ukrajinski rat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusko-ukrajinski rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezel_etre_Ukraina_ha_Rusia" title="Brezel etre Ukraina ha Rusia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brezel etre Ukraina ha Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_russo-ucra%C3%AFnesa" title="Guerra russo-ucraïnesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra russo-ucraïnesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Rusko-ukrajinská válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko-ukrajinská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkhondo_ya_Russia-Ukraine" title="Nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-Ukrainian_Mikangano" title="Russian-Ukrainian Mikangano – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russian-Ukrainian Mikangano" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Rwsia_ac_Wcr%C3%A1in" title="Rhyfel Rwsia ac Wcráin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Rwsia ac Wcráin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_russisk-ukrainske_krig" title="Den russisk-ukrainske krig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den russisk-ukrainske krig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch-Ukrainischer_Krieg" title="Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene-Ukraina_s%C3%B5da" title="Vene-Ukraina sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene-Ukraina sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%BF-%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ρωσο-Ουκρανικός πόλεμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσο-Ουκρανικός πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_ruso-ucraniana_(2014-actualidad)" title="Guerra ruso-ucraniana (2014-actualidad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra ruso-ucraniana (2014-actualidad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konflikto_inter_Rusio_kaj_Ukrainio_ekde_2014" title="Konflikto inter Rusio kaj Ukrainio ekde 2014 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konflikto inter Rusio kaj Ukrainio ekde 2014" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia-Ukraina_gerra" title="Errusia-Ukraina gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia-Ukraina gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جنگ روسیه و اوکراین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ روسیه و اوکراین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%ADggi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ukraina" title="Kríggið í Ukraina – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kríggið í Ukraina" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_russo-ukrainienne" title="Guerre russo-ukrainienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre russo-ukrainienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russysk-Oekraynske_Oarloch" title="Russysk-Oekraynske Oarloch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Russysk-Oekraynske Oarloch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A4_%D8%A7%DB%8A%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%9A_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="رۊسيه ؤ اۊکراین ٚ جنگ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه ؤ اۊکراین ٚ جنگ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84-%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아-우크라이나 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD-%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4_(2014-%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AA%D5%B4)" title="Ռուս-ուկրաինական պատերազմ (2014-այժմ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուս-ուկրաինական պատերազմ (2014-այժմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinski_rat" title="Rusko-ukrajinski rat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusko-ukrajinski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusian-Ukrainana_milito" title="Rusian-Ukrainana milito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusian-Ukrainana milito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agha_Russo-Ukrainian" title="Agha Russo-Ukrainian – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Agha Russo-Ukrainian" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Rusia%E2%80%93Ukraina" title="Perang Rusia–Ukraina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Rusia–Ukraina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungquzulwano_Russian-Ukrainian" title="Ungquzulwano Russian-Ukrainian – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ungquzulwano Russian-Ukrainian" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0_R%C3%BAsslands_og_%C3%9Akra%C3%ADnu" title="Stríð Rússlands og Úkraínu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stríð Rússlands og Úkraínu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflitto_russo-ucraino" title="Conflitto russo-ucraino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conflitto russo-ucraino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99" title="הסכסוך האוקראיני-רוסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכסוך האוקראיני-רוסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთ-უკრაინის ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთ-უკრაინის ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Орыс-украин соғысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орыс-украин соғысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_R%C3%BBsyay%C3%AA_li_ser_%C3%9Bkraynay%C3%AA" title="Şerê Rûsyayê li ser Ûkraynayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Rûsyayê li ser Ûkraynayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievijas%E2%80%94Ukrainas_kar%C5%A1" title="Krievijas—Ukrainas karš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievijas—Ukrainas karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russesch-Ukrainesche_Krich" title="Russesch-Ukrainesche Krich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russesch-Ukrainesche Krich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusijos%E2%80%93Ukrainos_karas" title="Rusijos–Ukrainos karas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusijos–Ukrainos karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeg_i_g%27n_Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Kreeg i g'n Oekraïne – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kreeg i g'n Oekraïne" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosz%E2%80%93ukr%C3%A1n_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Orosz–ukrán háború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orosz–ukrán háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Руско-украинска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руско-украинска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_2014" title="ഉക്രൈനിലെ റഷ്യൻ സൈനിക ഇടപെടൽ 2014 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉക്രൈനിലെ റഷ്യൻ സൈനിക ഇടപെടൽ 2014" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E2%80%93%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="रशिया–युक्रेन युद्ध – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया–युक्रेन युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="რუსეთ-უკრაინაშ ლჷმა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთ-უკრაინაშ ლჷმა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="روسیه-اکراین جنگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه-اکراین جنگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Rusia-Ukraine" title="Perang Rusia-Ukraine – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Rusia-Ukraine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Орос-Украины дайн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос-Украины дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch-Oekra%C3%AFense_Oorlog" title="Russisch-Oekraïense Oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch-Oekraïense Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E7%B4%9B%E4%BA%89_(2014%E5%B9%B4-)" title="ウクライナ紛争 (2014年-) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウクライナ紛争 (2014年-)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_i_Ukraina" title="Krigen i Ukraina – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krigen i Ukraina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_i_Ukraina" title="Krigen i Ukraina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krigen i Ukraina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya-Ukraina_urushi" title="Rossiya-Ukraina urushi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya-Ukraina urushi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7" title="ਰੂਸੋ-ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀ ਯੁੱਧ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸੋ-ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀ ਯੁੱਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د روسیې او اوکراین جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د روسیې او اوکراین جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8-%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="សង្គ្រាមរុស្ស៊ី-អ៊ុយក្រែន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គ្រាមរុស្ស៊ី-អ៊ុយក្រែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_rosyjsko-ukrai%C5%84ska" title="Wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_Russo-Ucraniana" title="Guerra Russo-Ucraniana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Russo-Ucraniana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Ruso-Ucrainean_(2014%E2%80%93prezent)" title="Războiul Ruso-Ucrainean (2014–prezent) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul Ruso-Ucrainean (2014–prezent)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Російско-україньска война – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Російско-україньска война" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Российско-украинская война – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Российско-украинская война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisi_russu-ucraina_(2014-sighende)" title="Crisi russu-ucraina (2014-sighende) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Crisi russu-ucraina (2014-sighende)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushian-Ukrainian_War" title="Roushian-Ukrainian War – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushian-Ukrainian War" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_Ruso-Ukrainase" title="Lufta Ruso-Ukrainase – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta Ruso-Ukrainase" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94-%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA" title="රුසියානු-යුක්‍රේන යුද්ධය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියානු-යුක්‍රේන යුද්ධය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russo-Ukrainian War" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinsk%C3%A1_vojna" title="Rusko-ukrajinská vojna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rusko-ukrajinská vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-ukrajinska_vojna" title="Rusko-ukrajinska vojna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusko-ukrajinska vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko-ukraji%C5%84sko_wojna_(%C3%B4d_2014)" title="Rusko-ukrajińsko wojna (ôd 2014) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusko-ukrajińsko wojna (ôd 2014)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalka_Russka-Ukraine_2014" title="Dagaalka Russka-Ukraine 2014 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalka Russka-Ukraine 2014" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb 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/></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine since 2014</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the war ongoing since 2014. For the escalation since 2022, see <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. For other wars between the two nations, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">List of wars between Russia and Ukraine</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Russo-Ukrainian War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union">conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-terrorist_operation_in_eastern_Ukraine_(War_Ukraine)_(27843153986).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%9D%D0%A0_016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%9D%D0%A0_016.png/151px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%9D%D0%A0_016.png" decoding="async" width="151" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%9D%D0%A0_016.png/227px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%9D%D0%A0_016.png 1.5x, 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style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling,_2022-10-10_(073).webp" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-10-10_%28073%29.webp/142px-Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-10-10_%28073%29.webp.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-10-10_%28073%29.webp/213px-Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-10-10_%28073%29.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-10-10_%28073%29.webp/284px-Kyiv_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-10-10_%28073%29.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk,_Eastern_Ukraine,_May_30,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk%2C_Eastern_Ukraine%2C_May_30%2C_2015.jpg/142px-A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk%2C_Eastern_Ukraine%2C_May_30%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk%2C_Eastern_Ukraine%2C_May_30%2C_2015.jpg/213px-A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk%2C_Eastern_Ukraine%2C_May_30%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk%2C_Eastern_Ukraine%2C_May_30%2C_2015.jpg/284px-A_Russia-backed_rebel_armored_fighting_vehicles_convoy_near_Donetsk%2C_Eastern_Ukraine%2C_May_30%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2670" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_(52703004165).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_%2852703004165%29.jpg/167px-Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_%2852703004165%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_%2852703004165%29.jpg/251px-Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_%2852703004165%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_%2852703004165%29.jpg/334px-Bucha._Faces_of_War._-_Ukraine_War_Photo_Exhibition_2023_%2852703004165%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3964" data-file-height="2793" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing,_2023-05-23_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing%2C_2023-05-23_%2801%29.jpg/117px-Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing%2C_2023-05-23_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing%2C_2023-05-23_%2801%29.jpg/176px-Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing%2C_2023-05-23_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing%2C_2023-05-23_%2801%29.jpg/234px-Avdiivka_after_Russian_bombing%2C_2023-05-23_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="960" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div style="text-align:center">Clockwise from top left: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Ukrainian troops during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a>, 2014</li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/T-64" title="T-64">T-64</a> tank with <a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">Z markings</a>, 2022</li> <li>Russian-backed <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> forces, 2015</li> <li>Residential building damaged by a Russian missile in <a href="/wiki/Avdiivka" title="Avdiivka">Avdiivka</a>, 2023</li> <li>Destroyed vehicles after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">battle of Bucha</a>, 2022</li> <li>Civilian killed after <a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian missile strikes on Kyiv</a>, 2022</li></ul> </div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">27 February 2014</a><a href="#cite_note-Note_1-2">[b]</a> – present (10 years, 8 months and 4 weeks)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Ukraine, <a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Western_Russia_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 Western Russia attacks">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> (spillover into Romania,<a href="#cite_note-3">[1]</a> Poland, Moldova, and Belarus)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">parts of four southeast Ukrainian oblasts</a> in 2014 and 2022, respectively</li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian occupation</a> of more than 18% of Ukrainian territory as of March 2024<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">Ukrainian occupation of parts of Russia's Kursk Oblast</a> since <a href="/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion">2024</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk PR</a><a href="#cite_note-DonetskLuhanskRecognition-1">[a]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk PR</a><a href="#cite_note-DonetskLuhanskRecognition-1">[a]</a></li></ul> Supplied by: For details, see <a href="#Russian_military_suppliers">Russian military suppliers</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> Supplied by: For countries providing aid to Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">since 2022</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military aid to Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a> (2014–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Alexander Zakharchenko</a> (2014–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Plotnitsky" title="Igor Plotnitsky">Igor Plotnitsky</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Bolotov" title="Valery Bolotov">Valery Bolotov</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> (2014–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> (acting; 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrii_Zahorodniuk" title="Andrii Zahorodniuk">Andrii Zahorodniuk</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a> (2014–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Heletey" title="Valeriy Heletey">Valeriy Heletey</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a> (2024–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a> (2019–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <div style="float: left;">For details of strengths and units involved at key points in the conflict, see:</div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas (2014–2022)">Combatants of the war in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> Hundreds of thousands, reports vary widely. See <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> for details.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">outline</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Background</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Major topics</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">cyberattacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarusian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li>Foreign aid (<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">humanitarian</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Crimean crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymnash" title="Krymnash">Krymnash</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Belbek_Airport" title="Capture of Belbek Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 Russian protests</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Donetsk_(2014)" title="Capture of Donetsk (2014)">Capture of Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Il-76_shootdown" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown">Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_Border_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Luhansk Border Base">Luhansk Border Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fights_on_the_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_border_(2014)" title="Fights on the Ukrainian–Russian border (2014)">Sector D clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Raid_of_2014" title="Great Raid of 2014">Great Raid of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yasynuvata" title="Battle of Yasynuvata">Yasynuvata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">2nd Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition</a></li></ul> Post-Minsk II conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Marinka (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Svitlodarsk (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Avdiivka (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> Attacks on civilians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Pentecostals_in_Sloviansk" title="Murder of Pentecostals in Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_bus_station_attack" title="Donetsk bus station attack">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to invasion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Military engagements</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Sumy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">1st Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">2nd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Soledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Bakhmut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">1st Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">2nd Kherson</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion">2024 Kursk offensive</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Effects and aftermath</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Protests in occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Government and intergovernmental reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Non-government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">Russian protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul> Related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Ukrainian resistance in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Ukrainian resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarusian and Russian partisan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Russian mystery fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_coup_attempt_allegations" title="2024 Ukrainian coup attempt allegations">Ukrainian coup attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post-Soviet_conflicts" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Post-Soviet_conflicts" title="Template:Campaignbox Post-Soviet conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Post-Soviet_conflicts" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Post-Soviet conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Post-Soviet_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Post-Soviet conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post-Soviet_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Caucasus</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Border crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">2022 clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">2023 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_South_Ossetia_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 South Ossetia War">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz%E2%80%93Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz–Georgian conflict">Abkhazia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Kodori_crisis" title="2001 Kodori crisis">Kodori</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">North Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechen–Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War">guerrilla phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">North Caucasus insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">IS insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Dagestan_(1999)" title="War in Dagestan (1999)">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Ingushetia" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Central Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Terrorism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batken_conflict" title="Batken conflict">Batken spillover</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kyrgyz revolutions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Revolution" title="Tulip Revolution">Tulip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Revolution_of_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Revolution_of_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz Revolution of 2020">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes" title="2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes">South Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Gorno-Badakhshan_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)">Gorno-Badakhshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Dungan%E2%80%93Kazakh_ethnic_clashes" title="2020 Dungan–Kazakh ethnic clashes">Dungan–Kazakh clashes</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Tajikistan_clashes" title="2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Tajikistan_clashes" title="2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Karakalpak_protests" title="2022 Karakalpak protests">Karakalpakstan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Eastern Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">1992</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Moscow</a></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">pro-Russian unrest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">(outline)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">prelude</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The Russo-Ukrainian War<a href="#cite_note-Note_3-5">[c]</a> began in February 2014. Following Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, Russia <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed</a> Crimea from Ukraine and supported <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Ukraine" title="Russian separatist forces in Ukraine">pro-Russian separatists</a> fighting the Ukrainian military in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">Donbas War</a>. These first eight years of conflict also included <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Sea_incidents_involving_Russia_and_Ukraine" title="List of Black Sea incidents involving Russia and Ukraine">naval incidents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a>. In February 2022, Russia launched a <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">full-scale invasion of Ukraine</a> and began <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">occupying</a> more of the country, starting the biggest conflict in Europe since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The war has resulted in a <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis">refugee crisis</a> and tens of thousands of deaths. In early 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests led to the Revolution of Dignity and the ousting of Ukraine's pro-Russian president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>. Shortly after, <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">pro-Russian unrest</a> erupted in eastern and southern Ukraine, while <a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">unmarked</a> Russian troops occupied <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>. Russia soon annexed Crimea after a <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">highly disputed referendum</a>. In April 2014, Russian-backed militants <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas#Militants_seize_towns" title="War in Donbas">seized towns</a> in Ukraine's eastern <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> region and proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (DPR) and the <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> (LPR) as independent states, starting the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">Donbas war</a>. Russia covertly supported the separatists with its own troops, tanks and artillery, preventing Ukraine from fully retaking the territory. In February 2015, Russia and Ukraine signed the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_II,_February_2015" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk II</a> agreements, but they were never fully implemented in the years that followed. The Donbas war settled into a violent but <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">static conflict</a> between Ukraine and the Russian and separatist forces, with many brief ceasefires but no lasting peace and few changes in territorial control. Beginning in 2021, there was a massive <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian military buildup</a> near Ukraine's borders, including within neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. Russian officials repeatedly denied plans to attack Ukraine. Russia's president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> expressed <a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">irredentist views</a> and denied <a href="/wiki/Right_to_exist#Ukraine" title="Right to exist">Ukraine's right to exist</a>. He demanded that Ukraine be <a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition_to_Ukrainian_NATO_membership" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition to Ukrainian NATO membership">barred from ever joining</a> the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> military alliance. In early 2022, Russia <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">recognized the DPR and LPR</a> as independent states. On 24 February 2022, Putin <a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">announced</a> a "<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">special military operation</a>" to "demilitarize and denazify" Ukraine, claiming Russia had no plans to occupy the country. The Russian invasion that followed was <a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">internationally condemned</a>; many countries <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">imposed sanctions</a> against Russia, and sent <a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">humanitarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military aid to Ukraine</a>. In the face of fierce resistance, Russia abandoned an <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">attempt to take Kyiv</a> in early April. From August, Ukrainian forces began recapturing territories in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_eastern_counteroffensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian eastern counteroffensive">north-east</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_southern_counteroffensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive">south</a>. In late September, Russia declared the <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">annexation</a> of four partially-occupied provinces, which was <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">internationally condemned</a>. Since then, Russian offensives and Ukrainian counteroffensives have gained only small amounts of territory. The invasion has also led to <a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">attacks in Russia</a> by Ukrainian and Ukrainian-backed forces, among them a cross-border <a href="/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion">incursion into Russia's Kursk Oblast</a> in August 2024. Russia has repeatedly carried out deliberate and indiscriminate <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">attacks on civilians</a> far from the frontline.<a href="#cite_note-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRMMU_Statement_March-8">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) opened <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">an investigation</a> into <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">war crimes</a> and issued <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">arrest warrants for Putin and several other Russian officials.</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Ukraine_and_the_Orange_Revolution">Independent Ukraine and the Orange Revolution</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The signing ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Belovezha_Accords" title="Belovezha Accords">Belovezha Accords</a> by the heads of states and governments of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine in 1991</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (USSR) in 1991, Ukraine and Russia maintained close ties. In 1994, Ukraine agreed to accede to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a> as a non-nuclear-weapon state.<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a> Former Soviet <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons in Ukraine">nuclear weapons in Ukraine</a> were removed and dismantled.<a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a> In return, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States agreed to uphold the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> and political independence of Ukraine through the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> In 1999, Russia was one of the signatories of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_for_European_Security" title="Charter for European Security">Charter for European Security</a>, which "reaffirmed the inherent right of each and every participating State to be free to choose or change its security arrangements, including treaties of alliance, as they evolve."<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a> In the years after the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, several former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, partly in response to regional security threats involving Russia such as the <a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Russian constitutional crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia</a> (1992–1993) and the <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a> (1994–1996). Putin said <a href="/wiki/Western_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Western powers">Western powers</a> broke promises not to let any Eastern European countries join.<a href="#cite_note-Wiegrefe_2022-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg/220px-Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg/330px-Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg/440px-Morning_first_day_of_Orange_Revolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Protesters in <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Independence Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> during the Orange Revolution, November 2004</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2004 Ukrainian presidential election">2004 Ukrainian presidential election</a> was controversial. During the election campaign, opposition candidate <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a> was <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Viktor_Yushchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisoning of Viktor Yushchenko">poisoned</a> by <a href="/wiki/TCDD_dioxin" class="mw-redirect" title="TCDD dioxin">TCDD dioxin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> he later accused Russia of involvement.<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> In November, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> was declared the winner, despite allegations of vote-rigging by election observers.<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> During a two-month period which became known as the Orange Revolution, large peaceful protests successfully challenged the outcome. After the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ukraine" title="Supreme Court of Ukraine">Supreme Court of Ukraine</a> annulled the initial result due to widespread <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election_re-run" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Ukrainian presidential election re-run">a second round re-run</a> was held, bringing to power Yushchenko as president and <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a> as prime minister, and leaving Yanukovych in opposition.<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> is often grouped together with other early-21st century protest movements, particularly within the <a href="/wiki/Former_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Former USSR">former USSR</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">colour revolutions</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cordesman" title="Anthony Cordesman">Anthony Cordesman</a>, Russian military officers viewed such colour revolutions as attempts by the US and European states to destabilise neighbouring countries and undermine Russia's national security.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> accused organisers of the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Russian_protests" title="2011–2013 Russian protests">2011–2013 Russian protests</a> of being former advisors to Yushchenko, and described the protests as an attempt to transfer the Orange Revolution to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> Rallies in favour of Putin during this period were called "<a href="/wiki/Anti-Orange_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Orange protest">anti-Orange protests</a>".<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a>, Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> sought to join NATO. The response among NATO members was divided. Western European countries opposed offering <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plans</a> (MAP) to Ukraine and Georgia in order to avoid antagonising Russia, while US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> pushed for their admission.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> NATO ultimately refused to offer Ukraine and Georgia MAPs, but also issued a statement agreeing that "these countries will become members of NATO" at some point. Putin strongly opposed Georgia and Ukraine's NATO membership bids.<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> By January 2022, the possibility of Ukraine joining NATO remained remote.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> In 2009, Yanukovych announced his intent to again run for president in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010 Ukrainian presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> which he subsequently won.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> In November 2013, a wave of large, pro–<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) protests erupted in response to Yanukovych's sudden decision not to sign the <a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="EU–Ukraine Association Agreement">EU–Ukraine Association Agreement</a>, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a>. On 22 February 2013, the Ukrainian parliament overwhelmingly approved of finalizing Ukraine's agreement with the EU.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> Subsequently, Russia pressured Ukraine to reject this agreement by threatening <a href="/wiki/Russian_embargo_of_Ukrainian_goods" title="Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods">sanctions</a>. Kremlin adviser Sergei Glazyev stated that if the agreement was signed, Russia could not guarantee Ukraine's status as a state.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euromaidan,_Revolution_of_Dignity,_and_pro-Russian_unrest">Euromaidan, Revolution of Dignity, and pro-Russian unrest</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/220px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/330px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/440px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Protesters in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> waving Ukrainian and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">European flags</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">demonstrations</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> On 21 February 2014, following months of protests as part of the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> movement, Yanukovych and the leaders of the parliamentary opposition signed a <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">settlement agreement</a> that provided for early elections. The following day, Yanukovych fled from the capital ahead of an <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian revolution">impeachment vote</a> that stripped him of his powers as president.<a href="#cite_note-interfax1-32">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aljz01-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-RadioFreeEurope-34">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost1-35">[32]</a> On 23 February, the Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) adopted a <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bill</a> to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Legislation_on_languages_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislation on languages in Ukraine">2012 law</a> which made Russian an official language.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> The bill was not <a href="/wiki/Enactment_of_a_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Enactment of a bill">enacted</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> but the proposal provoked negative reactions in the Russian-speaking regions of Ukraine,<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> intensified by Russian media claiming that the ethnic Russian population was in imminent danger.<a href="#cite_note-2014Lessons-39">[36]</a> On 27 February, an <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">interim government</a> was established and early presidential elections were scheduled. The following day, Yanukovych resurfaced in Russia and in a press conference, declared that he remained the acting president of Ukraine, just as Russia was commencing a military campaign in Crimea. Leaders of Russian-speaking <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern</a> regions of Ukraine declared continuing loyalty to Yanukovych,<a href="#cite_note-Aljz01-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> triggering the <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_military_bases_in_Crimea">Russian military bases in Crimea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg/220px-Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg/330px-Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg/440px-Navy_Day_Sevastopol_2012_G16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Moskva" title="Russian cruiser Moskva">Russian cruiser Moskva</a> (centre) at <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_Bay" title="Sevastopol Bay">Sevastopol Bay</a> in 2012</figcaption></figure> At the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Crimean conflict</a>, Russia had roughly 12,000 military personnel from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2014Lessons-39">[36]</a> in several locations in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean peninsula">Crimean peninsula</a> such as Sevastopol, <a href="/wiki/Kacha,_Sevastopol" title="Kacha, Sevastopol">Kacha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hvardiiske,_Simferopol_Raion" title="Hvardiiske, Simferopol Raion">Hvardiiske, Simferopol Raion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarych" title="Sarych">Sarych</a>, and others. In 2005 a dispute broke out between Russia and Ukraine over control of the <a href="/wiki/Sarych" title="Sarych">Sarych</a> cape lighthouse near Yalta, and a number of other beacons.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> Russian presence was allowed by the <a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">basing and transit agreement</a> with Ukraine. Under this agreement, the Russian military in Crimea was constrained to a maximum of 25,000 troops. Russia was required to respect the sovereignty of Ukraine, honor its legislation, not interfere in the internal affairs of the country, and show their "military identification cards" when crossing the international border.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> Early in the conflict, the agreement's generous troop limit allowed Russia to significantly strengthen its military presence, deploy special forces and other required capabilities to conduct the operation in Crimea, under the pretext of addressing security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-2014Lessons-39">[36]</a> According to the original treaty on the division of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> signed in 1997, Russia was allowed to have its military bases in Crimea until 2017, after which it would evacuate all military units including its portion of the Black Sea Fleet from the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> and Sevastopol. On 21 April 2010, former Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych signed a new deal with Russia, known as the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a>, to resolve the <a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a>. The pact extended Russia's stay in Crimea to 2042, with an option to renew.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legality_and_declaration_of_war">Legality and declaration of war</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg/250px-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg/375px-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg/500px-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2199" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>Current territorial control in Ukraine and nearby areas of Russia</figcaption></figure> No formal <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declaration of war</a> has been issued in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. When Putin announced the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, he claimed to commence a "<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">special military operation</a>", side-stepping a formal declaration of war.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> The statement was, however, regarded by the Ukrainian government as a declaration of war<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> and reported as such by many international news sources.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> While the Ukrainian parliament refers to Russia as a "terrorist state" in regard to its military actions in Ukraine,<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> it has not issued a formal declaration of war on its behalf. The Russian invasion of Ukraine violated <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter of the United Nations</a>).<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> The invasion has also been called a <a href="/wiki/Crime_of_aggression" title="Crime of aggression">crime of aggression</a> under <a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">international criminal law</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> and under some countries' domestic <a href="/wiki/Criminal_code" title="Criminal code">criminal codes</a>—including those of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and Russia—although procedural obstacles exist to prosecutions under these laws.<a href="#cite_note-:02-62">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_annexation_of_Crimea_(2014)">Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RU_and_UA_forces,_2014.02_(February)_-_EN_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.02_%28February%29_-_EN_01.png/220px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.02_%28February%29_-_EN_01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.02_%28February%29_-_EN_01.png/330px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.02_%28February%29_-_EN_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.02_%28February%29_-_EN_01.png/440px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.02_%28February%29_-_EN_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The Russian military buildup along Ukraine's eastern border in February–March 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG/220px-2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG/330px-2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG/440px-2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>The blockade of military units of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> during the capture of Crimea by Russia in February–March 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG/220px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG/330px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG/440px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Russian troops blocking the Ukrainian military base in <a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></figcaption></figure> In late February 2014, Russia began to <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupy Crimea</a>, marking the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-CrimeanInvasion-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-UkrainianPerspective-67">[64]</a> On 22 and 23 February, in the relative <a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a> immediately after the ousting of Yanukovych,<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Russian troops and <a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz" title="Spetsnaz">special forces</a> were moved close to the border with Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-CrimeanInvasion-66">[63]</a> On 27 February, <a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Russian forces without insignia</a> began to occupy Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-yahoo-70">[67]</a> Russia consistently <a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">denied</a> that the soldiers were theirs, instead claiming they were local "self-defense" units. They <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">seized the Crimean parliament and government buildings</a>, as well as setting up checkpoints to restrict movement and cut off the Crimean peninsula from the rest of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> In the following days, unmarked Russian special forces occupied airports and communications centers,<a href="#cite_note-forceAuth-75">[72]</a> and blockaded Ukrainian military bases, such as <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">the Southern Naval Base</a>. Russian <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">cyberattacks</a> shut down websites associated with the Ukrainian government, news media, and social media. Cyberattacks also enabled Russian access to the mobile phones of Ukrainian officials and members of parliament, further disrupting communications.<a href="#cite_note-jw-76">[73]</a> On 1 March, the Russian parliament approved the use of armed forces in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-forceAuth-75">[72]</a> While Russian special forces occupied Crimea's parliament, it dismissed the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Crimean government</a>, installed the pro-Russian <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Aksyonov</a> government, and announced a <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum on Crimea's status</a>. The referendum was held under Russian occupation and, according to the Russian-installed authorities, the result was in favor of joining Russia. It annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014. Following this, Russian forces seized Ukrainian military bases in Crimea and captured their personnel. On 24 March, Ukraine ordered its remaining troops to withdraw; by 30 March, all Ukrainian forces had left the peninsula. On 15 April, the Ukrainian parliament declared Crimea a <a href="/wiki/Temporarily_occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine">territory temporarily occupied by Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-apr15-77">[74]</a> After the annexation, the Russian government militarized the peninsula and made nuclear threats.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> Putin said that a Russian military task force would be established in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> In November, NATO stated that it believed Russia was deploying nuclear-capable weapons to Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-80">[77]</a> After the annexation of Crimea, some NATO members began providing training for the Ukrainian army.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_in_the_Donbas_(2014–2015)">War in the Donbas (2014–2015)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas (2014–2022)">Combatants of the war in Donbas (2014–2022)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_used_by_Russian_people%27s_militias_in_Ukraine" title="List of equipment used by Russian people's militias in Ukraine">List of equipment used by Russian people's militias in Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RU_and_UA_forces,_2014.03_(March)_-_EN_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.03_%28March%29_-_EN_01.png/220px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.03_%28March%29_-_EN_01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.03_%28March%29_-_EN_01.png/330px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.03_%28March%29_-_EN_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.03_%28March%29_-_EN_01.png/440px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.03_%28March%29_-_EN_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian troops deploy in response to Russian maneuvers. Early March 2014.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pro-Russia_unrest">Pro-Russia unrest</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></div> From late February 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in major cities across the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">southern</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[79]</a> The first protests across southern and eastern Ukraine were largely native expressions of discontent with the new Ukrainian government.<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-de-83">[80]</a> Russian involvement at this stage was limited to voicing support for the demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-de-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-wil234-84">[81]</a> Russia exploited this, however, launching a coordinated political and military campaign against Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-de-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-karb2-85">[82]</a> Putin gave legitimacy to the separatists when he described the Donbas as part of "<a href="/wiki/New_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="New Russia">New Russia</a>" (Novorossiya), and expressed bewilderment as to how the region had ever become part of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Russia continued to marshal forces near Ukraine's eastern border in late March, reaching 30–40,000 troops by April.<a href="#cite_note-Buildup2014-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-2014Lessons-39">[36]</a> The deployment was used to threaten escalation and disrupt Ukraine's response.<a href="#cite_note-2014Lessons-39">[36]</a> This threat forced Ukraine to divert forces to its borders instead of the conflict zone.<a href="#cite_note-2014Lessons-39">[36]</a> Ukrainian authorities cracked down on the pro-Russian protests and arrested local separatist leaders in early March. Those leaders were replaced by people with ties to the Russian security services and interests in Russian businesses.<a href="#cite_note-de99-88">[85]</a> By April 2014, Russian citizens had taken control of the separatist movement, supported by volunteers and materiel from Russia, including <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossack</a> fighters.<a href="#cite_note-de2-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-jamestown-20140815-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-REUeuada-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (DPR) commander <a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a>, without this support in April, the movement would have dissipated, as it had in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wil2399-93">[90]</a> The separatist groups held <a href="/wiki/2014_Donetsk_status_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Donetsk status referendum">disputed referendums</a> in May,<a href="#cite_note-referendum-rebels-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> which were not recognised by Ukraine or any other UN member state.<a href="#cite_note-referendum-rebels-94">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armed_conflict">Armed conflict</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RU_and_UA_forces,_2014.04_(April)_-_EN_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.04_%28April%29_-_EN_01.png/220px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.04_%28April%29_-_EN_01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.04_%28April%29_-_EN_01.png/330px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.04_%28April%29_-_EN_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.04_%28April%29_-_EN_01.png/440px-RU_and_UA_forces%2C_2014.04_%28April%29_-_EN_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian response to Russian activities in Donbas after seizure of Sloviansk on 12 April. April–May 2014.</figcaption></figure> In April 2014, armed conflict began in eastern Ukraine between Russian-backed separatists and Ukraine. On 12 April, a fifty-man unit of pro-Russian militants seized the towns of <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Unnamed_War_Sloviansk-97">[94]</a> The heavily armed men were Russian Armed Forces "volunteers" under the command of former <a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz_GRU" title="Spetsnaz GRU">GRU</a> colonel <a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a> ('Strelkov').<a href="#cite_note-Unnamed_War_Sloviansk-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wynnyckyj_151-98">[95]</a> They had been sent from Russian-occupied Crimea and <a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">wore no insignia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Unnamed_War_Sloviansk-97">[94]</a> Girkin said that this action sparked the Donbas War. He said "I'm the one who pulled the trigger of war. If our unit hadn't crossed the border, everything would have fizzled out".<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg/220px-Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg/330px-Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg/440px-Battalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian Armed Forces in <a href="/wiki/Joint_Forces_Operation_(Ukraine)" title="Joint Forces Operation (Ukraine)">Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> In response, on 15 April the interim Ukrainian government launched an "<a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">Anti-Terrorist Operation</a>" (ATO); however, Ukrainian forces were poorly prepared and ill-positioned and the operation quickly stalled.<a href="#cite_note-IrregularArmy-101">[98]</a> By the end of April, Ukraine announced it had lost control of the provinces of Donetsk and Luhansk. It claimed to be on "full combat alert" against a possible Russian invasion and reinstated conscription to its armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-conscription-102">[99]</a> During May, the Ukrainian campaign focused on containing the separatists by securing key positions around the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Terrorist_Operation_Zone_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone (Ukraine)">ATO zone</a> to position the military for a decisive offensive once Ukraine's national mobilization had completed. As conflict between the separatists and the Ukrainian government escalated in May, Russia began to employ a "<a href="/wiki/Hybrid_warfare" title="Hybrid warfare">hybrid</a> approach", combining disinformation tactics, irregular fighters, regular Russian troops, and conventional military support.<a href="#cite_note-de3-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fedorov-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-karber2-105">[102]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">First Battle of Donetsk Airport</a> followed the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">Ukrainian presidential elections</a>. It marked a turning point in conflict; it was the first battle between the separatists and the Ukrainian government that involved large numbers of Russian "volunteers".<a href="#cite_note-de98-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoshkariovSushentsov2016-107">[104]</a>: 15  According to Ukraine, at the height of the conflict in the summer of 2014, Russian paramilitaries made up between 15% and 80% of the combatants.<a href="#cite_note-REUeuada-91">[88]</a> From June Russia trickled in arms, armor, and munitions. On 17 July 2014, Russian-controlled forces shot down a passenger aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a>, as it was flying over eastern Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Investigations and the recovery of bodies began in the conflict zone as fighting continued.<a href="#cite_note-APBodies-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMHBodies-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianBodies-111">[108]</a> By the end of July, Ukrainian forces were pushing into cities, to cut off supply routes between the two, isolating Donetsk and attempting to <a href="/wiki/Fights_on_the_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_border_(2014)" title="Fights on the Ukrainian–Russian border (2014)">restore control of the Russo-Ukrainian border</a>. By 28 July, the strategic heights of <a href="/wiki/Savur-Mohyla" title="Savur-Mohyla">Savur-Mohyla</a> were under Ukrainian control, along with the town of <a href="/wiki/Debaltseve" title="Debaltseve">Debaltseve</a>, an important railroad hub.<a href="#cite_note-IFheights-112">[109]</a> These operational successes of Ukrainian forces threatened the existence of the DPR and LPR statelets, prompting <a href="/wiki/Russian_cross-border_artillery_shelling_of_Ukraine_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian cross-border artillery shelling of Ukraine (2014)">Russian cross-border shelling</a> targeted at Ukrainian troops on their own soil, from mid-July onwards.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="August_2014_Russian_invasion">August 2014 Russian invasion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_in_donbass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/War_in_donbass.svg/220px-War_in_donbass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/War_in_donbass.svg/330px-War_in_donbass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/War_in_donbass.svg/440px-War_in_donbass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>June–August 2014 progression map</figcaption></figure> After a series of military defeats and setbacks for the separatists, who united under the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federal_State_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Federal State of Novorossiya">banner</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a>",<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Russia dispatched what it called a "humanitarian convoy" of trucks across the border in mid-August 2014. Ukraine called the move a "direct invasion".<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council reported that convoys were arriving almost daily in November (up to 9 convoys on 30 November) and that their contents were mainly arms and ammunition. Strelkov claimed that in early August, Russian servicemen, supposedly on "vacation" from the army, began to arrive in Donbas.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> By August 2014, the Ukrainian "Anti-Terrorist Operation" shrank the territory under pro-Russian control, and approached the border.<a href="#cite_note-de4-118">[115]</a> Igor Girkin urged Russian military intervention, and said that the combat inexperience of his irregular forces, along with recruitment difficulties amongst the local population, had caused the setbacks. He stated, "Losing this war on the territory that President Vladimir Putin personally named New Russia would threaten the Kremlin's power and, personally, the power of the president".<a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Beast-119">[116]</a> In response to the deteriorating situation, Russia abandoned its hybrid approach, and began a conventional invasion on 25 August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-de4-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> On the following day, the Russian Defence Ministry said these soldiers had crossed the border "by accident".<a href="#cite_note-BBC26AUGY2-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> According to Nikolai Mitrokhin's estimates, by mid-August 2014 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a>, between 20,000 and 25,000 troops were fighting in the Donbas on the separatist side, and only 40–45% were "locals".<a href="#cite_note-wil2-124">[121]</a> On 24 August 2014, <a href="/wiki/Amvrosiivka" title="Amvrosiivka">Amvrosiivka</a> was occupied by Russian paratroopers,<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> supported by 250 armoured vehicles and artillery pieces.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> The same day, Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> referred to the operation as Ukraine's "Patriotic War of 2014" and a war against external aggression.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> On 25 August, a column of Russian military vehicles was reported to have crossed into Ukraine near <a href="/wiki/Novoazovsk" title="Novoazovsk">Novoazovsk</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Azov_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov sea">Azov sea</a> coast. It appeared headed towards Ukrainian-held <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Russian_Column_enters_southeast-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Column_from_Russia-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr-131">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNBCx1-132">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> in an area that had not seen pro-Russian presence for weeks.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Russian forces captured <a href="/wiki/Novoazovsk" title="Novoazovsk">Novoazovsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WPTowns-135">[132]</a> and Russian soldiers began deporting Ukrainians who did not have an address registered within the town.<a href="#cite_note-wiadomosci.gazeta.pl-136">[133]</a> Pro-Ukrainian anti-war protests took place in <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wiadomosci.gazeta.pl-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> called an emergency meeting.<a href="#cite_note-usatoday0x01-138">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG/220px-2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG/330px-2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG/440px-2014-08-26._%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83_035.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Residents of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a> volunteers on 26 August 2014</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>-based <a href="/wiki/76th_Guards_Air_Assault_Division" title="76th Guards Air Assault Division">76th Guards Air Assault Division</a> allegedly entered Ukrainian territory in August and engaged in a skirmish near <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, suffering 80 dead. The Ukrainian Defence Ministry said that they had seized two of the unit's armoured vehicles near Luhansk, and reported destroying another three tanks and two armoured vehicles in other regions.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Matviyenko" title="Valentina Matviyenko">speaker of Russia's upper house of parliament</a> and Russian state television channels acknowledged that Russian soldiers entered Ukraine, but referred to them as "volunteers".<a href="#cite_note-funerals-140">[137]</a> A reporter for <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a>, an opposition newspaper in Russia, stated that the Russian military leadership paid soldiers to resign their commissions and fight in Ukraine in the early summer of 2014, and then began ordering soldiers into Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> Russian opposition MP <a href="/wiki/Lev_Shlosberg" title="Lev Shlosberg">Lev Shlosberg</a> made similar statements, although he said combatants from his country are "regular Russian troops", disguised as units of the DPR and LPR.<a href="#cite_note-ShlosbergSoldiers-142">[139]</a> In early September 2014, Russian state-owned television channels reported on the funerals of Russian soldiers who had died in Ukraine, but described them as "volunteers" fighting for the "<a href="/wiki/Russian_world_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian world (concept)">Russian world</a>". <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Matviyenko" title="Valentina Matviyenko">Valentina Matviyenko</a>, a top <a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a> politician, also praised "volunteers" fighting in "our fraternal nation".<a href="#cite_note-funerals-140">[137]</a> Russian state television for the first time showed the funeral of a soldier killed fighting in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mariupol_offensive_and_first_Minsk_ceasefire">Mariupol offensive and first Minsk ceasefire</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minsk_Protocol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Minsk_Protocol.svg/220px-Minsk_Protocol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Minsk_Protocol.svg/330px-Minsk_Protocol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Minsk_Protocol.svg/440px-Minsk_Protocol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>A map of the line of control and buffer zone established by the Minsk Protocol on 5 September 2014</figcaption></figure> On 3 September, Poroshenko said he and Putin had reached a "permanent ceasefire" agreement.<a href="#cite_note-interfax-144">[141]</a> Russia denied this, denying that it was a party to the conflict, adding that "they only discussed how to settle the conflict".<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyivpost-146">[143]</a> Poroshenko then recanted.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> On 5 September Russia's Permanent OSCE Representative <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kelin" title="Andrey Kelin">Andrey Kelin</a>, said that it was natural that pro-Russian separatists "are going to liberate" <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a>. Ukrainian forces stated that Russian intelligence groups had been spotted in the area. Kelin said 'there might be volunteers over there.'<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> On 4 September 2014, a NATO officer said that several thousand regular Russian forces were operating in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> On 5 September 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk Protocol">Minsk Protocol</a> ceasefire agreement drew a line of demarcation between Ukraine and separatist-controlled portions of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="End_of_2014_and_Minsk_II_agreement">End of 2014 and Minsk II agreement</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_cross-border_shelling_of_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine">2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine</a></div> On 7 and 12 November, NATO officials reconfirmed the Russian presence, citing 32 tanks, 16 <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> cannons and 30 trucks of troops entering the country.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> US general <a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Breedlove" title="Philip M. Breedlove">Philip M. Breedlove</a> said "Russian tanks, Russian artillery, Russian air defence systems and Russian combat troops" had been sighted.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> NATO said it had seen an increase in Russian tanks, artillery pieces and other heavy military equipment in Ukraine and renewed its call for Moscow to withdraw its forces.<a href="#cite_note-uatoday.tv-153">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Council_on_Global_Affairs" title="Chicago Council on Global Affairs">Chicago Council on Global Affairs</a> stated that Russian separatists enjoyed technical advantages over the Ukrainian army since the large inflow of advanced military systems in mid-2014: effective anti-aircraft weapons ("<a href="/wiki/Buk_missile_system" title="Buk missile system">Buk</a>", MANPADS) suppressed Ukrainian air strikes, Russian drones provided intelligence, and Russian secure communications system disrupted Ukrainian communications intelligence. The Russian side employed <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> systems that Ukraine lacked. Similar conclusions about the technical advantage of the Russian separatists were voiced by the Conflict Studies Research Centre.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> meeting on 12 November, the United Kingdom's representative accused Russia of intentionally constraining <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a> observation missions' capabilities, stating that the observers were allowed to monitor only two kilometers of border, and drones deployed to extend their capabilities were jammed or shot down.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The summary should be extended to include other points discussed on the meeting (such as OSCE report about Donetsk shelling), preferably be re-written using a secondary source, or excluded. (July 2022)">non-primary source needed</a>]<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg/220px-2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg/330px-2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg/440px-2015-05-07._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_175.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Russian rebels in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a> in May 2015. Ukraine declared the Russian-backed <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> republics from eastern Ukraine to be <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> organizations.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a></figcaption></figure> In January 2015, <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> represented the three battle fronts.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> Poroshenko described a dangerous escalation on 21 January amid reports of more than 2,000 additional Russian troops, 200 tanks and armed personnel carriers crossing the border. He abbreviated his visit to the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> because of his concerns.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> A new package of measures to end the conflict, known as <a href="/wiki/Minsk_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk II">Minsk II</a>, was agreed on 15 February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> On 18 February, Ukrainian forces <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">withdrew from Debatlseve</a>, in the last high-intensity battle of the Donbas war until 2022. In September 2015 the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Human Rights Office">United Nations Human Rights Office</a> estimated that 8000 casualties had resulted from the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Line_of_conflict_stabilizes_(2015–2022)">Line of conflict stabilizes (2015–2022)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg/220px-Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg/330px-Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg/440px-Poroshenko_Donbass-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> inspects Ukrainian soldiers positions in the front line in the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a> in June 2016</figcaption></figure> After the Minsk agreements, the war settled into static trench warfare around the agreed line of contact, with few changes in territorial control. The conflict was marked by artillery duels, special forces operations, and <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>. Hostilities never ceased for a substantial period of time, but continued at a low level despite repeated attempts at ceasefire. In the months after the fall of Debaltseve, minor skirmishes continued along the line of contact, but no territorial changes occurred. Both sides began fortifying their position by building networks of <a href="/wiki/Trenches" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenches">trenches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunkers">bunkers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunnel_network" title="Tunnel network">tunnels</a>, turning the conflict into static <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> The relatively static conflict was labelled "<a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">frozen</a>" by some,<a href="#cite_note-REU21JULY2015-163">[160]</a> but Russia never achieved this as the fighting never stopped.<a href="#cite_note-de22-164">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> Between 2014 and 2022 there were 29 <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefires</a>, each agreed to remain in force indefinitely. However, none of them lasted more than two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-7265424Donbass-166">[163]</a> US and international officials continued to report the active presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine, including in the Debaltseve area.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> In 2015, Russian separatist forces were estimated to number around 36,000 troops (compared to 34,000 Ukrainian), of whom 8,500–10,000 were Russian soldiers. Additionally, around 1,000 <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a> troops were operating in the area.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> Another 2015 estimate held that Ukrainian forces outnumbered Russian forces 40,000 to 20,000.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In 2017, on average one Ukrainian soldier died in combat every three days,<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> with an estimated 6,000 Russian and 40,000 separatist troops in the region.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg/220px-2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg/330px-2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg/440px-2015-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_067.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Casualties of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> Cases of killed and wounded Russian soldiers were discussed in local Russian media.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian20150119-173">[170]</a> Recruiting for Donbas was performed openly via veteran and paramilitary organisations. Vladimir Yefimov, leader of one such organisation, explained how the process worked in the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a> area. The organisation recruited mostly army veterans, but also policemen, firefighters etc. with military experience. The cost of equipping one volunteer was estimated at 350,000 <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">rubles</a> (around $6500) plus salary of 60,000 to 240,000 rubles per month.<a href="#cite_note-RuamlKP-174">[171]</a> The recruits received weapons only after arriving in the conflict zone. Often, Russian troops traveled disguised as Red Cross personnel.<a href="#cite_note-NW296937-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> Igor Trunov, head of the Russian Red Cross in Moscow, condemned these convoys, saying they complicated humanitarian aid delivery.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> Russia refused to allow <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> to expand its mission beyond two border crossings.<a href="#cite_note-DW150624-180">[177]</a> The volunteers were issued a document claiming that their participation was limited to "offering humanitarian help" to avoid Russian <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenary</a> laws. Russia's anti-mercenary legislation defined a mercenary as someone who "takes part [in fighting] with aims counter to the interests of the Russian Federation".<a href="#cite_note-RuamlKP-174">[171]</a> In August 2016, the Ukrainian intelligence service, the SBU, published telephone intercepts from 2014 of <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Glazyev" title="Sergey Glazyev">Sergey Glazyev</a> (Russian presidential adviser), <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Zatulin" title="Konstantin Zatulin">Konstantin Zatulin</a>, and other people in which they discussed covert funding of pro-Russian activists in Eastern Ukraine, the occupation of administration buildings and other actions that triggered the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> As early as February 2014, Glazyev gave direct instructions to various pro-Russian parties on how to take over local administration offices, what to do afterwards, how to formulate demands, and promised support from Russia, including "sending our guys".<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg/220px-2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg/330px-2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg/440px-2016-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Russian-backed separatists in May 2016</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018_Kerch_Strait_incident">2018 Kerch Strait incident</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Sea_incidents_involving_Russia_and_Ukraine" title="List of Black Sea incidents involving Russia and Ukraine">List of Black Sea incidents involving Russia and Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2018)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerch_Strait_incident.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kerch_Strait_incident.png/220px-Kerch_Strait_incident.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kerch_Strait_incident.png/330px-Kerch_Strait_incident.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kerch_Strait_incident.png/440px-Kerch_Strait_incident.png 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>The Kerch Strait incident over the passage between the Black and Azov seas</figcaption></figure> Russia gained de facto control of the <a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait" title="Kerch Strait">Kerch Strait</a> in 2014. In 2017, Ukraine appealed to a court of arbitration over the use of the strait. By 2018 Russia had built a bridge over the strait, limiting the size of ships that could pass through, imposed new regulations, and repeatedly detained Ukrainian vessels.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> On 25 November 2018, three Ukrainian boats traveling from <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> were seized by Russian warships; 24 Ukrainian sailors were detained.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> A day later on 26 November 2018, the Ukrainian parliament overwhelmingly backed the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> along Ukraine's coastal regions and those bordering Russia.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019–2020">2019–2020</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin,_Macron,_Merkel,_Zelensky_(2019-12-10)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Putin%2C_Macron%2C_Merkel%2C_Zelensky_%282019-12-10%29_01.jpg/220px-Putin%2C_Macron%2C_Merkel%2C_Zelensky_%282019-12-10%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Putin%2C_Macron%2C_Merkel%2C_Zelensky_%282019-12-10%29_01.jpg/330px-Putin%2C_Macron%2C_Merkel%2C_Zelensky_%282019-12-10%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Putin%2C_Macron%2C_Merkel%2C_Zelensky_%282019-12-10%29_01.jpg/440px-Putin%2C_Macron%2C_Merkel%2C_Zelensky_%282019-12-10%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>From left, Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> and Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> in Paris, France, December 2019</figcaption></figure> More than 110 Ukrainian soldiers were killed in the conflict in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-radiofree-189">[186]</a> In May 2019, newly elected Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> took office promising to end the war in Donbas.<a href="#cite_note-radiofree-189">[186]</a> In December 2019, Ukraine and pro-Russian separatists began swapping <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>. Around 200 prisoners were exchanged on 29 December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> According to Ukrainian authorities, 50 Ukrainian soldiers were killed in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Between 2019 and 2021, Russia issued over 650,000 <a href="/wiki/Internal_passport_of_Russia" title="Internal passport of Russia">internal Russian passports</a> to Ukrainians.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> There were 27 conflict-related civilian deaths in 2019, 26 deaths in 2020, and 25 deaths in 2021, over half of them from mines and <a href="/wiki/Unexploded_ordnance" title="Unexploded ordnance">unexploded ordnance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OHCHR-197">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full-scale_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022)">Full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prelude">Prelude</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></div> From March to April 2021, Russia commenced a major military build-up near the border, followed by a second build-up between October 2021 to February 2022 in Russia and Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-Zsymbol-198">[195]</a> Throughout, the Russian government repeatedly denied it had plans to attack Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-denials-199">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> In early December 2021, following Russian denials, the US released intelligence of Russian invasion plans, including satellite photographs showing Russian troops and equipment near the border.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> The intelligence reported a Russian list of key sites and individuals to be killed or neutralized.<a href="#cite_note-diditmatter-202">[199]</a> The US released multiple reports that accurately predicted the invasion plans.<a href="#cite_note-diditmatter-202">[199]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg/220px-Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg/330px-Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg/440px-Olga_Stefanishyna_held_press_conference_along_with_NATO_SG_Stoltenberg_about_possible_Russia_invasion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian deputy prime minister <a href="/wiki/Olha_Stefanishyna" title="Olha Stefanishyna">Olha Stefanishyna</a> with NATO secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> at a conference on 10 January 2022 regarding a potential Russian invasion</figcaption></figure> In the months preceding the invasion, Russian officials accused Ukraine of inciting tensions, <a href="/wiki/Russophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russophobia">Russophobia</a>, and repressing <a href="/wiki/Russian_speakers_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian speakers in Ukraine">Russian speakers</a>. They made multiple security demands of Ukraine, NATO, and other EU countries. On 9 December 2021 Putin said that "Russophobia is a first step towards <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>".<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> Putin's claims were dismissed by the international community,<a href="#cite_note-animating-205">[202]</a> and Russian claims of genocide were rejected as baseless.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> In a 21 February speech,<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> Putin questioned the legitimacy of the Ukrainian state, repeating an inaccurate claim that "Ukraine never had a tradition of genuine statehood".<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> He incorrectly stated that <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> had created Ukraine, by carving a separate Soviet Republic out of what Putin said was Russian land, and that <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> "took <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> away from Russia for some reason and gave it to Ukraine" in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-Putin_Ukraine_statehood-211">[208]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_forces_near_Ukraine,_2021-12-03_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Russian_forces_near_Ukraine%2C_2021-12-03_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Russian_forces_near_Ukraine%2C_2021-12-03_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Russian_forces_near_Ukraine%2C_2021-12-03_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Russian_forces_near_Ukraine%2C_2021-12-03_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Russian_forces_near_Ukraine%2C_2021-12-03_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Russian_forces_near_Ukraine%2C_2021-12-03_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. intelligence assessment map and imagery on Russian military movement nearby the Ukrainian border, as on 3 December 2021. It assessed that Russia had deployed about 70,000 military personnel mostly about 100–200 kilometres (62–124 mi) from the Ukrainian border, with an assessment this could be increased to 175,000 personnel. Published by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wp-20211203-212">[209]</a></figcaption></figure> During the second build-up, the Russian government demanded NATO end all activity in its Eastern European member states and ban Ukraine or any <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">former Soviet state</a> from ever joining NATO, among other demands.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_17_Dec_21-213">[210]</a> A treaty to prevent Ukraine joining NATO would go against the alliance's "<a href="/wiki/Criteria_and_process_of_NATO_enlargement" class="mw-redirect" title="Criteria and process of NATO enlargement">open door</a>" policy and the right of countries to choose their own security,<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> although NATO had made no progress on Ukraine's requests to join.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> replied that "Russia has no say" on whether Ukraine joins, and that "Russia has no right to establish a <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a> to try to control their neighbors".<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> NATO offered to improve communication with Russia and discuss limits on missile placements and military exercises, as long as Russia withdrew troops from Ukraine's borders,<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> but Russia did not withdraw. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Escalation">Escalation</h4></div> Fighting in Donbas escalated significantly from 17 February 2022 onwards.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> The Ukrainians and the pro-Russian separatists each accused the other of attacks.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> There was a sharp increase in artillery shelling by the Russian-led militants in Donbas, which was considered by Ukraine and its supporters to be an attempt to provoke the Ukrainian army or create a pretext for invasion.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> On 18 February, the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics ordered mandatory <a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">emergency evacuations</a> of civilians from their respective capital cities,<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> although observers noted that full evacuations would take months.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> The Russian government intensified its <a href="/wiki/Russian_disinformation" title="Russian disinformation">disinformation campaign</a>, with Russian state media promoting fabricated videos (<a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flags</a>) on a nearly hourly basis purporting to show Ukrainian forces attacking Russia.<a href="#cite_note-ViceDisinfo-228">[225]</a> Many of the disinformation videos were amateurish, and evidence showed that the claimed attacks, explosions, and evacuations in Donbas were staged by Russia.<a href="#cite_note-ViceDisinfo-228">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2022-02-21.webm/220px-seek%3D3-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2022-02-21.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2022-02-21.webm&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2022-02-21.webm&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_2022-02-21.webm&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Putin's address to the nation on 21 February (English subtitles available)</figcaption></figure> On 21 February at 22:35 (UTC+3),<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> Putin announced that the Russian government would <a href="/wiki/Diplomatically_recognize" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatically recognize">diplomatically recognize</a> the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> The same evening, Putin directed that Russian troops deploy into Donbas, in what Russia referred to as a "<a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> mission".<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> On 22 February, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Federation Council</a> unanimously authorised Putin to use military force outside Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Hodge_2022-235">[232]</a> In response, Zelenskyy ordered the conscription of army <a href="/wiki/Reservist" title="Reservist">reservists</a>;<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> The following day, Ukraine's parliament proclaimed a 30-day nationwide <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> and ordered the mobilisation of all reservists.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> Russia began to evacuate its embassy in Kyiv.<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> On the night of 23 February,<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> Zelenskyy gave <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Zelensky%27s_emotional_appeal_to_Russians" class="extiw" title="s:Zelensky's emotional appeal to Russians">a speech</a> in Russian in which he appealed to the citizens of Russia to prevent war.<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> He rejected Russia's claims about neo-Nazis and stated that he had no intention of attacking the Donbas.<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> said on 23 February that the separatist leaders in Donetsk and Luhansk had sent a letter to Putin stating that Ukrainian shelling had caused civilian deaths and appealing for military support.<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Full-scale_invasion">Full-scale invasion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif/220px-2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif/330px-2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif/440px-2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>Animated map of Russia's invasion of Ukraine through 5 December 2022 (click to play animation)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_D._Kuleba_-_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_-_52439597854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_D._Kuleba_-_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_-_52439597854.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_D._Kuleba_-_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_-_52439597854.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%9E_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_D._Kuleba_-_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_-_52439597854.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian soldiers killed in the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> began on the morning of 24 February 2022,<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> when Putin <a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">announced</a> a "special military operation" to "<a href="/wiki/Demilitarise" class="mw-redirect" title="Demilitarise">demilitarise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denazification#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Denazification">denazify</a>" Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waxman_20222-248">[245]</a> Minutes later, missiles and <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrikes</a> hit across Ukraine, including <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, shortly followed by a large ground invasion along multiple fronts.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-kirbyBBC-250">[247]</a> Zelenskyy declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> and a <a href="/wiki/General_mobilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="General mobilisation">general mobilisation</a> of all male Ukrainian citizens between 18 and 60, who were banned from leaving the country.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-Interfax_2022-252">[249]</a> Russian attacks were initially launched on a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">northern front</a> from <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> towards Kyiv, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine offensive">a southern front</a> from <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine offensive">a south-eastern front</a> from <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a> and towards <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBS-2022-03-20-253">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC-2022-03-21-254">[251]</a> In the northern front, amidst heavy losses and strong Ukrainian resistance surrounding Kyiv, Russia's advance stalled in March, and by April its troops retreated. On 8 April, Russia placed its forces in southern and eastern Ukraine under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a>, and some units withdrawn from the north were redeployed to the Donbas.<a href="#cite_note-hindustannewshub.com2-255">[252]</a> On 19 April, Russia launched a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">renewed attack</a> across a 500 kilometres (300 mi) long front extending from Kharkiv to Donetsk and Luhansk.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com2-256">[253]</a> By 13 May, a Ukraine counter-offensive had driven back Russian forces near Kharkiv. By 20 May, <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> fell to Russian troops following a prolonged <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azovstal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Azovstal">siege</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Azovstal_iron_and_steel_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Azovstal iron and steel works">Azovstal steel works</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> Russian forces continued to bomb both military and civilian targets far from the frontline.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> The war caused the largest refugee and <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_crisis" title="Humanitarian crisis">humanitarian crisis</a> within Europe since the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> in the 1990s;<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> the UN described it as the fastest-growing such crisis since World War II.<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> In the first week of the invasion, the UN reported over a million refugees had fled Ukraine; this subsequently rose to over 7,405,590 by 24 September, a reduction from over eight million due to some refugees' return.<a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-Ukraine-264">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-265">[262]</a> The invasion was <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">internationally condemned</a> as a <a href="/wiki/War_of_aggression" title="War of aggression">war of aggression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">United Nations General Assembly resolution</a> demanded a full withdrawal of Russian forces, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> ordered Russia to suspend military operations and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> expelled Russia. Many countries <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">imposed new sanctions</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">affected the economies</a> of Russia and the world,<a href="#cite_note-Sanctions_slams_Russian_economy-268">[265]</a> and provided <a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">humanitarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military</a> aid to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a> In September 2022, Putin signed a law that would punish anyone who resists conscription with a 10-year prison sentence<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a> resulting in an international push to allow asylum for Russians fleeing conscription.<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainian_counteroffensives_and_stalemate_(2022–2023)">Ukrainian counteroffensives and stalemate (2022–2023)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">2022 Kherson counteroffensive</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ARusso-Ukrainian_War&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+23+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Russo-Ukrainian+War">making an edit request</a>. (August 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucha_main_street,_2022-04-06_(0804).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bucha_main_street%2C_2022-04-06_%280804%29.jpg/220px-Bucha_main_street%2C_2022-04-06_%280804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bucha_main_street%2C_2022-04-06_%280804%29.jpg/330px-Bucha_main_street%2C_2022-04-06_%280804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bucha_main_street%2C_2022-04-06_%280804%29.jpg/440px-Bucha_main_street%2C_2022-04-06_%280804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Remnants of a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">destroyed</a> Russian Army column on 27 February in <a href="/wiki/Bucha,_Kyiv_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucha, Kyiv Oblast">Bucha</a></figcaption></figure> Ukrainian forces launched counteroffensives in <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_southern_counteroffensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive">the south</a> in August 2022, and in <a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive">the northeast</a> in September 2022. On 30 September, Russia <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Southern_and_Eastern_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine">annexed four oblasts of Ukraine</a> which it had partially conquered during the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> This annexation was generally unrecognized and condemned by the countries of the world.<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> After Putin announced that he would begin conscription drawn from the 300,000 citizens with military training and potentially the pool of about 25 million Russians who could be eligible for conscription, one-way tickets out of the country nearly or completely sold out.<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> The Ukrainian offensive in the northeast successfully recaptured the majority of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a> in September. In the course of the southern counteroffensive, Ukraine retook the city of <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> in November and Russian forces withdrew to the east bank of the Dnieper River.<a href="#cite_note-e890-276">[273]</a> As of August 2023, the total number of Russian and Ukrainian soldiers <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">killed or wounded</a> during the Russian invasion of Ukraine was nearly 500,000.<a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a> In November 2023, the UN said that more than 10,000 civilians had been killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, with about half the deaths in the three months prior to the report taking place far behind the front lines. The UN attributed the deaths far behind the front to Russian use of long-range missiles and explosions of abandoned ordinance.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> According to a declassified US intelligence assessment, as of December 2023, Russia had lost 315,000 of the 360,000 troops that made up Russia's pre-invasion ground force, and 2,200 of the 3,500 tanks.<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_campaigns_and_Ukrainian_Kursk_offensive_(1_December_2023_–_present)">Russian campaigns and Ukrainian Kursk offensive (1 December 2023 – present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Russian_spring_and_summer_campaigns_and_Ukrainian_incursion_(1_December_2023_–_present)" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine § Russian spring and summer campaigns and Ukrainian incursion (1 December 2023 – present)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ARusso-Ukrainian_War&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+23+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Russo-Ukrainian+War">making an edit request</a>. (August 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Between December 2023 and May 2024, Russia was assessed to have increased its drone and missile attacks, firing harder-to-hit weapons, such as ballistic missiles.<a href="#cite_note-:2-280">[277]</a> By the same measure, Ukraine forces were seen to be low on ammunition, particularly the Patriot systems that have been "its best defense against such attacks".<a href="#cite_note-:2-280">[277]</a> In August 2024, the Ukrainian Armed Forces <a href="/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion">launched an incursion</a> into Russia's <a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk Oblast</a> and, as reported by the Ukrainian side, in a few days captured an area of up to 350 square kilometers.<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a> By 19 August, Ukraine had captured hundreds of Russian soldiers during the incursion.<a href="#cite_note-w827-282">[279]</a> In October 2024, Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> claimed that <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> engineers had been deployed to the battlefield to help Russia target Ukraine with ballistic missiles, and had suffered some casualties.<a href="#cite_note-y556-283">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-k284-284">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-a180-285">[282]</a> Later the same month, a White House spokesperson said that the United States was "concerned" about reports that North Korean soldiers were fighting for Russia in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-u147-286">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-n959-287">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-h428-288">[285]</a> The US later said it had seen evidence that North Korea had sent 3,000 soldiers to Russia for possible deployment to Ukraine, determining that the soldiers had been transported from North Korea by ship in early-to-mid October and were undergoing training at three military bases in eastern Russia. The US added that the alleged North Korean deployment could be further evidence that the Russian military was having problems with manpower.<a href="#cite_note-y335-289">[286]</a> On 28 October, NATO chief <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> confirmed earlier Ukrainian intelligence that North Korean troops had been deployed to Kursk oblast, and the Pentagon reported an increased number of 10,000 North Korean soldiers sent to train in Russia and fight in the war.<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-i587-291">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-k484-292">[289]</a> On 13 November, both the US and South Korea confirmed that North Korean troops had begun engaging in combat against Ukrainian forces in the Kursk region.<a href="#cite_note-r219-293">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-b215-294">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-u951-295">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes_and_human_rights_violations">War crimes and human rights violations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_war_crimes#Ukraine" title="Russian war crimes">Russian war crimes § Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg/220px-Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg/330px-Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg/440px-Executed_people_in_basement_in_Bucha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Executed Ukrainian civilians with wrists bound in plastic restraints, in a basement in <a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha</a>, 3 April 2022</figcaption></figure> Violations of human rights and <a href="/wiki/Atrocity_crimes_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Atrocity crimes during the Russo-Ukrainian War">atrocity crimes</a> have occurred during the war. From 2014 to 2021, there were more than 3,000 civilian <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">casualties</a>, with most occurring in 2014 and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> The right of movement was impeded for the inhabitants of the conflict zone.<a href="#cite_note-unhr21-297">[294]</a> Arbitrary detention was practiced by both sides in the first years of the conflict. It decreased after 2016 in government-held areas, while in the separatist-held ones it continued.<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> Investigations into the abuses committed by both sides made little progress.<a href="#cite_note-unhr21-2-299">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia,_2022-09-30_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia%2C_2022-09-30_%2802%29.jpg/220px-Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia%2C_2022-09-30_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia%2C_2022-09-30_%2802%29.jpg/330px-Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia%2C_2022-09-30_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia%2C_2022-09-30_%2802%29.jpg/440px-Missile_strike_on_a_humanitarian_convoy_in_Zaporizhzhia%2C_2022-09-30_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Killed Ukrainian civilians during the <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a> by Russian Army in September 2022</figcaption></figure> Since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russian authorities and armed forces have committed multiple war crimes in the form of deliberate attacks against civilian targets,<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a> massacres of civilians, torture and rape of women and children,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-303">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Indiscriminate_attack" title="Indiscriminate attack">indiscriminate attacks</a><a href="#cite_note-m185-305">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-v572-306">[303]</a> in densely populated areas. After the Russian withdrawal from areas north of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, overwhelming evidence of war crimes by Russian forces was discovered. In particular, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Bucha,_Kyiv_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucha, Kyiv Oblast">Bucha</a>, evidence emerged of a <a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">massacre of civilians</a> perpetrated by Russian troops, including torture, mutilation, rape, looting and deliberate killings of civilians.<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-thetimes2-308">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine</a> (OHCHR) has documented the murder of at least 73 civilians—mostly men, but also women and children—in Bucha.<a href="#cite_note-ohchr.org-310">[307]</a> More than 1,200 bodies of civilians were found in the Kyiv region after Russian forces withdrew, some of them summarily executed. There were reports of forced deportations of thousands of civilians, including children, to Russia, mainly from Russian-occupied Mariupol,<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">sexual violence</a>, including cases of rape, sexual assault and gang rape,<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a> and deliberate killing of Ukrainian civilians by Russian forces.<a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a> Russia has also systematically <a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">attacked Ukrainian medical infrastructure</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> reporting 1,422 attacks as of 21 December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-315">[312]</a> Ukrainian forces have also been accused of committing various war crimes, including mistreatment of detainees.<a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a> In 2024, the UN Human Rights Office reported that Russia is committing severe <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine#Violations_and_war_crimes" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">human rights violations in occupied Ukraine</a>, including arbitrary detentions, <a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearance" title="Enforced disappearance">enforced disappearances</a>, torture, crackdown on <a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">protests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, enforced <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a>, indoctrination of children, and suppression of Ukrainian language and culture.<a href="#cite_note-UN_report_March_24-318">[315]</a> Ukrainians have been <a href="/wiki/Passportization" title="Passportization">coerced into taking Russian passports</a> and becoming Russian citizens. Those who refuse are denied healthcare and other rights,<a href="#cite_note-UN_report_March_24-318">[315]</a> and can be imprisoned as a "foreign citizen". Ukrainian men who take Russian citizenship are drafted to fight against the Ukrainian army.<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a> From May 2024, mothers who give birth in Russian-occupied Luhansk must prove that one of the newborn's parents have Russian citizenship, otherwise they will not be allowed to leave the hospital with their child.<a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a> In August 2024, UN official Danielle Bell claimed that 95% of Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> had suffered from Russian torture (e.g. beating, electric shock, or being stripped naked).<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_issues">Related issues</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spillover">Spillover</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2014_Vrb%C4%9Btice_ammunition_warehouse_explosions" title="2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouse explosions">2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouse explosions</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">2022 missile explosion in Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Sudan_(2023)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Sudan (2023)">War in Sudan (2023)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_threats_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear threats during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear threats during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russo-Ukrainian_War&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ARusso-Ukrainian_War&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+23+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Russo-Ukrainian+War">making an edit request</a>. (November 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> On 19 September 2023, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported that it was "likely" that <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Ukraine)" title="Special Operations Forces (Ukraine)">Special Operations Forces</a> were behind a series of drone strikes and a ground operation directed against the Wagner-backed RSF near Khartoum on 8 September.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine-322">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a>, chief of the <a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine</a>, stated in an interview on 22 September that he could neither deny nor confirm the involvement of Ukraine in the conflict in Sudan,<a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a> but said that Ukraine would punish Russian war criminals anywhere in the world.<a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a> In September and October 2023, a series of fragments were reported found in Romania, a NATO member state, which were suspected to have been the remains of a Russian drone attack near the <a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Romania–Ukraine border">Romanian border with Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_disputes_and_Nord_Stream_sabotage">Gas disputes and Nord Stream sabotage</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream" title="Nord Stream">Nord Stream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russia in the European energy sector</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png/250px-Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png/375px-Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png/500px-Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>Major Russian natural gas pipelines to Europe</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TTF_natural_gas.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/TTF_natural_gas.webp/250px-TTF_natural_gas.webp.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/TTF_natural_gas.webp/375px-TTF_natural_gas.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/TTF_natural_gas.webp/500px-TTF_natural_gas.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="5345" data-file-height="1486" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Europe <a href="/wiki/Title_Transfer_Facility" title="Title Transfer Facility">TTF</a> natural gas</div></figcaption></figure> Until 2014 Ukraine was the main transit route for <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Russia" title="Natural gas in Russia">Russian natural gas</a> sold to Europe, which earned Ukraine about US$3 billion a year in transit fees, making it the country's most lucrative export service.<a href="#cite_note-UkNGOSW15713-327">[324]</a> Following Russia's launch of the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord Stream pipeline">Nord Stream pipeline</a>, which bypasses Ukraine, gas transit volumes steadily decreased.<a href="#cite_note-UkNGOSW15713-327">[324]</a> Following the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in February 2014, severe tensions extended to the gas sector.<a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a> The subsequent outbreak of war in the Donbas region forced the suspension of a project to develop Ukraine's own <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a> reserves at the <a href="/wiki/Yuzivska_gas_field" title="Yuzivska gas field">Yuzivska gas field</a>, which had been planned as a way to reduce Ukrainian dependence on Russian gas imports.<a href="#cite_note-fdg4-330">[327]</a> Eventually, the EU commissioner for energy <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Oettinger" title="Günther Oettinger">Günther Oettinger</a> was called in to broker a deal securing supplies to Ukraine and transit to the EU.<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a> An explosion damaged a Ukrainian portion of the <a href="/wiki/Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline" title="Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast" title="Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast">Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</a> in May 2014. Ukrainian officials blamed Russian terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a> Another section of the pipeline exploded in the <a href="/wiki/Poltava_Oblast" title="Poltava Oblast">Poltava Oblast</a> on 17 June 2014, one day after Russia limited the supply of gas to Ukrainian customers due to non-payment. Ukraine's Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsen Avakov (politician)">Arsen Avakov</a> said the following day that the explosion had been caused by a bomb.<a href="#cite_note-333">[330]</a> In 2015, Russian state media reported that Russia planned to completely abandon <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">gas supplies to Europe</a> through Ukraine after 2018.<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a> Russia's state-owned energy giant <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a> had already substantially reduced the volumes of gas transited across Ukraine, and expressed its intention to reduce the level further by means of transit-diversification pipelines (Turkish Stream, Nord Stream, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-336">[333]</a> Gazprom and Ukraine agreed to a five-year deal on Russian gas transit to Europe at the end of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-337">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/TurkStream" title="TurkStream">TurkStream</a> natural gas pipeline running from Russia to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> changed the regional gas flows in South-East Europe by diverting the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_transmission_system_of_Ukraine" title="Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine">transit through Ukraine</a> and the Trans Balkan Pipeline system.<a href="#cite_note-sabah231019-339">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> In May 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> waived Trump's <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">CAATSA sanctions</a> on the company behind Russia's <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> gas pipeline to Germany.<a href="#cite_note-341">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a> Ukrainian President Zelenskyy said he was "surprised" and "disappointed" by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s decision.<a href="#cite_note-343">[340]</a> In July 2021, the U.S. urged Ukraine not to criticise a forthcoming agreement with Germany over the pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-344">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj-20210720-345">[342]</a> In July 2021, Biden and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> concluded a deal that the U.S. might trigger sanctions if Russia used Nord Stream as a "political weapon". The deal aimed to prevent Poland and Ukraine from being cut off from Russian gas supplies. Ukraine will get a $50 million loan for green technology until 2024 and Germany will set up a billion dollar fund to promote Ukraine's transition to <a href="/wiki/Green_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green energy">green energy</a> to compensate for the loss of the gas-transit fees. The contract for transiting Russian gas through Ukraine will be prolonged until 2034, if the Russian government agrees.<a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-20210721-348">[345]</a> In August 2021, Zelenskyy warned that the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline between Russia and Germany was "a dangerous weapon, not only for Ukraine but for the whole of Europe."<a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[347]</a> In September 2021, Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Vitrenko" title="Yuriy Vitrenko">Yuriy Vitrenko</a> accused Russia of using <a href="/wiki/Natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural">natural</a> gas as a "geopolitical weapon".<a href="#cite_note-351">[348]</a> Vitrenko stated that "A joint statement from the United States and Germany said that if the Kremlin used gas as a weapon, there would be an appropriate response. We are now waiting for the imposition of sanctions on a 100% subsidiary of Gazprom, the operator of Nord Stream 2."<a href="#cite_note-352">[349]</a> On 26 September 2022, a series of underwater explosions and consequent <a href="/wiki/Gas_leaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas leaks">gas leaks</a> occurred on the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a> (NS1) and <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> (NS2) <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas pipeline">natural gas pipelines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sdm21-353">[350]</a> The investigations by Sweden and Denmark described the explosions as sabotage,<a href="#cite_note-ait22-354">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-zo221003-355">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-356">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-357">[354]</a> and were closed without identifying perpetrators in February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-sweinv-358">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-daninv-359">[356]</a> The German government refused to publish the preliminary results of its own investigation in July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-360">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrid_warfare">Hybrid warfare</h3></div> The Russo-Ukrainian conflict has also included elements of <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_warfare" title="Hybrid warfare">hybrid warfare</a> using non-traditional means. <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a> has been used by <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_Russia" title="Cyberwarfare by Russia">Russia</a> in operations including successful attacks on the Ukrainian power grid <a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">in December 2015</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Kyiv_cyberattack" title="2016 Kyiv cyberattack">in December 2016</a>, which was the first successful cyber attack on a power grid,<a href="#cite_note-texty.17-361">[358]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2017_cyberattacks_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine">Mass hacker supply-chain attack</a> in June 2017, which the US claimed was the largest known cyber attack.<a href="#cite_note-wh.2018-02-15-362">[359]</a> In retaliation, Ukrainian operations have included the <a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">Surkov Leaks</a> in October 2016 which released 2,337 e-mails in relation to Russian plans for seizing Crimea from Ukraine and fomenting separatist unrest in Donbas.<a href="#cite_note-:0-363">[360]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Russian information war against Ukraine</a> has been another front of hybrid warfare waged by Russia. A Russian <a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">fifth column</a> in Ukraine has also been claimed to exist among the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-364">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_propaganda_and_disinformation_campaigns">Russian propaganda and disinformation campaigns</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Russian information war against Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg/220px-2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg/330px-2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg/440px-2022_Moscow_rally_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">Moscow rally of 18 March 2022</a>, officially known in Russia as a rally "For a world without Nazism"</figcaption></figure> The Russian state <a href="/wiki/Russian_allegations_of_fascism_against_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian allegations of fascism against Ukraine">falsely claims</a> that Ukraine's government and society are dominated by <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazism</a>, invoking the history of <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Ukraine">collaboration in German-occupied Ukraine</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abbruzzese_2022-367">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-368">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-:122-369">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waxman_2022-370">[367]</a> These Nazi allegations are widely rejected as untrue and part of a disinformation campaign to justify the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-371">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-374">[371]</a> Some of the world's leading historians of Nazism and the Holocaust put out a statement rejecting the claims, which was signed by hundreds of other historians and scholars of the subject. It says:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"We strongly reject the Russian government's ... equation of the Ukrainian state with the Nazi regime to justify its unprovoked aggression. This rhetoric is factually wrong, morally repugnant and deeply offensive to the memory of millions of victims of Nazism and those who courageously fought against it."<a href="#cite_note-The_Jewish_Journal-375">[372]</a></blockquote> Ukraine has a <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> fringe like most countries, including the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Movement">Azov Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a>,<a href="#cite_note-376">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-368">[365]</a> but analysts say that Russia's government and mainstream media greatly exaggerate its size and influence.<a href="#cite_note-Li_Allen_Siemaszko-377">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abbruzzese_2022-367">[364]</a> Ukraine's president Zelenskyy is Jewish, his grandfather served in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet army</a> fighting against the Nazis,<a href="#cite_note-378">[375]</a> and three of his ancestors were killed in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Li_Allen_Siemaszko-377">[374]</a> In an attempt to drum-up support for the war among its citizens, Russian propaganda has framed it as a continuation of the Soviet Union's "<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a>" against Nazi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-379">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[377]</a> Some commentators point out that Russia claims to be "denazifying" Ukraine despite Russian neo-Nazi groups (such as <a href="/wiki/Rusich_Group" title="Rusich Group">Rusich</a>) taking part in the war, and despite Putin's Russia being likened to a fascist state (see <a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a>).<a href="#cite_note-381">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[380]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg/220px-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg/330px-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg/440px-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A_02.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Kremlin TV and radio host <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Solovyov (journalist)">Vladimir Solovyov</a> voiced support for his country's invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-384">[381]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-War_protest,_Odessa_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg/170px-Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg/255px-Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg/340px-Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian protester with a poster portraying Russian presidents (Putin and Medvedev) as Nazis in 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg/220px-Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg/330px-Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg/440px-Z_symbol_flash_mob_at_Platinum_Arena_in_Khabarovsk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">Z symbol</a> <a href="/wiki/Flash_mob" title="Flash mob">flash mob</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></figcaption></figure> Putin called Russians and Ukrainians "<a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">one people</a>" and claimed there is "no historical basis" for the "idea of Ukrainian people as a nation separate from the Russians".<a href="#cite_note-Duben-385">[382]</a> Putin repeatedly denied Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/Right_to_exist" title="Right to exist">right to exist</a>, claiming that it was created by the Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> and that it never had "real statehood".<a href="#cite_note-386">[383]</a> A poll conducted in April 2022 by "<a href="/wiki/Rating_(sociological_group)" title="Rating (sociological group)">Rating</a>" found that the vast majority (91%) of Ukrainians do not support the thesis that "Russians and Ukrainians are one people".<a href="#cite_note-387">[384]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a>, who served as an adviser to Putin on Ukraine, said "There is no Ukraine. There is Ukrainianism ... it is a specific disorder of the mind".<a href="#cite_note-388">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[386]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, deputy chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_of_Russia" title="Security Council of Russia">Security Council of Russia</a> and former Russian president, publicly wrote that "Ukraine is NOT a country, but artificially collected territories" and that <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> "is NOT a language" but a "mongrel dialect" of Russian.<a href="#cite_note-Karatnycky-390">[387]</a> In 2024, Medvedev called Ukraine part of Russia<a href="#cite_note-391">[388]</a> and said the Russian Army will seize what he called the "Russian cities" of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-392">[389]</a> Medvedev has also said that Ukraine should not exist in any form and that Russia will continue to wage war against any independent Ukrainian state.<a href="#cite_note-393">[390]</a> Moreover, Medvedev warned that Russia would <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">use a nuclear weapon</a> if the <a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a> succeeded.<a href="#cite_note-394">[391]</a> He said Ukrainians had to choose between joining Russia or "death".<a href="#cite_note-395">[392]</a> Fake stories have been used to provoke public outrage against Ukraine. In April 2014, a Russian news channel showed a man saying he was attacked by a fascist Ukrainian gang, while another channel showed the same man claiming to be a Ukrainian funding far-right anti-Russia radicals.<a href="#cite_note-396">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russia_and_the_Menace_of_Unreality-397">[394]</a> A third segment portrayed the man as a neo-Nazi surgeon.<a href="#cite_note-398">[395]</a> In July 2014, <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One Russia</a> broadcast a fake story about a 3-year-old Russian boy who was <a href="/wiki/Crucified_boy" title="Crucified boy">allegedly crucified</a> by Ukrainian nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-399">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russia_and_the_Menace_of_Unreality-397">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-Putin's_Pal-401">[398]</a> Russian state media reported mass graves full of ethnic Russians in eastern Ukraine. Amnesty International investigated these claims in 2014 and instead found isolated incidents of extrajudicial executions by both sides.<a href="#cite_note-402">[399]</a> Russian state news outlets have sometimes aired stories about alleged Ukrainian atrocities using footage from other unrelated conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-Putin's_Pal-401">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[400]</a> In announcing the 2022 invasion, Putin baselessly claimed that Ukraine had been <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" title="Allegations of genocide in Donbas">carrying out genocide</a> in the mainly Russian-speaking Donbas region for eight years.<a href="#cite_note-Hinton-2022-02-25-404">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-374">[371]</a> Ukraine brought <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">a case</a> before the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ) to challenge Russia's claim. The ICJ said it had not seen any evidence of genocide by Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-406">[403]</a> Altogether, about <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas#Casualties" title="War in Donbas">14,300 people were killed</a> by both sides in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">Donbas War</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>, less than a quarter of them were civilians, and at least half of those were killed by mines and <a href="/wiki/Unexploded_ordnance" title="Unexploded ordnance">unexploded ordnance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-407">[404]</a> The Russian censorship apparatus <a href="/wiki/Roskomnadzor" title="Roskomnadzor">Roskomnadzor</a> ordered the country's media to use information only from Russian state sources or else face fines and blocks,<a href="#cite_note-408">[405]</a> and ordered media and schools to describe the war as a "special military operation".<a href="#cite_note-409">[406]</a> On 4 March 2022, Putin signed into law a bill introducing <a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">prison sentences of up to 15 years</a> for those who publish "fake news" about the Russian military and its operations,<a href="#cite_note-410">[407]</a> leading to some media outlets to stop reporting on Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-411">[408]</a> Russia's opposition politician <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a> said the "monstrosity of lies" in the <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Russian state media</a> "is unimaginable. And, unfortunately, so is its persuasiveness for those who have no access to alternative information."<a href="#cite_note-412">[409]</a> He tweeted that "warmongers" among Russian state media personalities "should be treated as war criminals. From the editors-in-chief to the talk show hosts to the news editors, [they] should be sanctioned now and tried someday."<a href="#cite_note-413">[410]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg/220px-Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg/330px-Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg/440px-Ukraine_solidarity_protest_Berlin_Stra%C3%9Fe_des_17_Juni_2022-02-27_114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8368" data-file-height="5584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ukrainophilia" title="Ukrainophilia">Pro-Ukrainian</a> rally in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, one of the signs saying "Denazify Putin"</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> claimed responsibility for the 22 March <a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a>, a terrorist attack in a music venue in <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast</a>, Russia, and published a corroborating video.<a href="#cite_note-414">[411]</a> Putin and the Russian security service, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a>, blamed Ukraine for the attack, without evidence.<a href="#cite_note-415">[412]</a> On 3 April 2024, Russia's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Defense Ministry</a> announced that "around 16,000 citizens" had signed military contracts in the last 10 days to fight as contract soldiers in the war against Ukraine, with most of them saying they were motivated to "avenge those killed" in the Crocus City Hall attack.<a href="#cite_note-416">[413]</a> <a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">NAFO</a> (North Atlantic Fella Organization), a loose cadre of online <a href="/wiki/Shitposting" title="Shitposting">shitposters</a> vowing to fight Russian disinformation, gained notoriety after June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-417">[414]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_in_Ukraine">Role of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg/220px-Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg/330px-Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg/440px-Ceremony_of_consecration_of_the_Main_temple_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The 2020 consecration ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Main_Cathedral_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces</a>, which previously had a mosaic depicting the 2014 annexation of Crimea and featured Putin and Shoigu, but it was later removed<a href="#cite_note-418">[415]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> (Moscow Patriarchate) and its hierarch <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Patriarch Kirill of Moscow</a> have shown their full support of the war against Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-419">[416]</a> The Russian Orthodox Church officially deems the invasion of Ukraine to be a "<a href="/wiki/Holy_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy war">holy war</a>".<a href="#cite_note-holy_war-420">[417]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/World_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="World Russian People's Council">World Russian People's Council</a> in March 2024, the Russian Orthodox Church approved a document stating that this "holy war" was to defend "<a href="/wiki/Holy_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Russia">Holy Russia</a>" and to protect the world from <a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">globalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">the West</a>, which it said had "fallen into <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-holy_war-420">[417]</a> The document further stated that all of Ukraine should come under Russia's <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a>, and that <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> "should be recognised only as <a href="/wiki/Sub-ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-ethnic group">sub-ethnic groups</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>".<a href="#cite_note-holy_war-420">[417]</a> Not one of the approximately 400 Russian Orthodox Church bishops in Russia has spoken out against the war.<a href="#cite_note-421">[418]</a> Patriarch Kirill also issued a prayer for victory in the war.<a href="#cite_note-422">[419]</a> The role of the Russian Orthodox Church in advancing Putin's war messaging is a vivid illustration of the complex interplay between religion and politics.<a href="#cite_note-423">[420]</a> A Russia expert and fellow of Germany's University of Bremen, told Al Jazeera that the ROC's participation in the war means it “faces the prospect of losing its ‘universal character’ and clout, and of reducing its borders to those of [Russian President Vladimir] Putin's political empire”.<a href="#cite_note-424">[421]</a> On 27 March 2024 the <a href="/wiki/World_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="World Russian People's Council">World Russian People's Council</a> took place in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour" title="Cathedral of Christ the Saviour">Cathedral of Christ the Saviour</a> in Moscow where was adopted a "Nakaz" (decree) of the council "The Present and the Future of the Russian World".<a href="#cite_note-425">[422]</a> According to some experts such as the ROC protodeacon Andrei Kurayev it has similarities with the program articles of the <a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-426">[423]</a> The decree talks about the so-called "Special Military Operation" in Ukraine, development of the Russian World globally and other issues.<a href="#cite_note-427">[424]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia–NATO_relations">Russia–NATO relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition_to_Ukrainian_NATO_membership" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition to Ukrainian NATO membership">Russian opposition to Ukrainian NATO membership</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_(51815888987).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_%2851815888987%29.jpg/220px-Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_%2851815888987%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_%2851815888987%29.jpg/330px-Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_%2851815888987%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_%2851815888987%29.jpg/440px-Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_the_NATO-Russia_Council_%2851815888987%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The NATO-Russia Council meets in January 2022 to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis</a></figcaption></figure> The conflict has harmed relations between Russia and the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO), a <a href="/wiki/Collective_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective defense">defensive alliance</a> of European and North American states. Russia and NATO had co-operated until <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russia annexed Crimea 2014</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NATO_myths-428">[425]</a> In his February 2022 speeches justifying the invasion of Ukraine, Putin <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Allegations_of_NATO_aggression" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">falsely claimed</a> that NATO was building up military infrastructure in Ukraine and threatening Russia, forcing him to order an invasion.<a href="#cite_note-DW_NATO-429">[426]</a> Putin warned that NATO would use Ukraine to launch a surprise attack on Russia.<a href="#cite_note-430">[427]</a> Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> characterized the conflict as a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">proxy war</a> started by NATO.<a href="#cite_note-431">[428]</a> He said: "We don't think we're at war with NATO ... Unfortunately, NATO believes it is at war with Russia".<a href="#cite_note-432">[429]</a> NATO says it is not at war with Russia; its official policy is that it does not seek confrontation, but rather its members support Ukraine in "its right to self-defense, as enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Chapter_VII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter">UN Charter</a>".<a href="#cite_note-NATO_myths-428">[425]</a> NATO condemned Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine in "the strongest possible terms", and calls it "the biggest security threat in a generation". It led to the deployment of additional NATO units in its eastern member states.<a href="#cite_note-433">[430]</a> Former CIA director <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> told the ABC that the U.S. is 'without question' involved in a proxy war with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-434">[431]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Freedman" title="Lawrence Freedman">Lawrence Freedman</a> wrote that calling Ukraine a NATO "proxy" wrongly implied that "Ukrainians are only fighting because NATO put them up to it, rather than because of the more obvious reason that they have been subjected to a vicious invasion".<a href="#cite_note-Freedman_proxy_war-435">[432]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pifer" title="Steven Pifer">Steven Pifer</a> argues that Russia's own aggressive actions since 2014 have done the most to push Ukraine towards the West and NATO.<a href="#cite_note-436">[433]</a> Russia's invasion led <a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland to join NATO</a>, doubling the length of Russia's border with NATO.<a href="#cite_note-437">[434]</a> Putin said that Finland's membership was not a threat, unlike Ukraine's, "but the expansion of military infrastructure into this territory would certainly provoke our response".<a href="#cite_note-438">[435]</a> An article published by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a> concluded:<blockquote>"Putin didn't invade Ukraine in 2022 because he feared NATO. He invaded because he believed that NATO was weak, that his efforts to regain control of Ukraine by other means had failed, and that installing a pro-Russian government in Kyiv would be safe and easy. His aim was not to defend Russia against some non-existent threat but rather to expand Russia's power, eradicate Ukraine's statehood, and destroy NATO".<a href="#cite_note-439">[436]</a></blockquote> Countering claims that NATO started and is waging a proxy war against Russia, it is pointed out that NATO states only sent Ukraine military aid in response to Russian aggression. NATO states have actually been slow in sending Ukraine offensive weaponry, and they prevented Ukraine from firing those weapons into Russia.<a href="#cite_note-440">[437]</a> It was not until May 2024, more than two years into the invasion, that NATO states allowed Ukraine to fire Western-supplied weapons at military targets inside Russia, and only then in self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-441">[438]</a> NATO has refused Ukrainian calls to enforce a <a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">no-fly zone over Ukraine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Freedman_proxy_war-435">[432]</a> and the US told Ukraine to stop attacking refineries and <a href="/wiki/Early-warning_radar" title="Early-warning radar">early-warning radars</a> in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-442">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[440]</a> Russian military aircraft flying over the Baltic and Black Seas often do not indicate their position or communicate with air traffic controllers, thus posing a potential risk to civilian airliners. NATO aircraft scrambled many times to track and intercept these aircraft near alliance airspace. The Russian aircraft intercepted never entered NATO airspace, and the interceptions were conducted in a safe and routine manner.<a href="#cite_note-444">[441]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions_to_the_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea">Reactions to the Russian annexation of Crimea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukrainian_response">Ukrainian response</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Ukraine blocked the <a href="/wiki/North_Crimean_Canal" title="North Crimean Canal">North Crimean Canal</a>, which provided 85% of Crimea's drinking and irrigation water.<a href="#cite_note-445">[442]</a></figcaption></figure> Interim Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> accused Russia of "provoking a conflict" by backing the seizure of the Crimean parliament building and other government offices on the Crimean peninsula. He compared Russia's military actions to the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>, when Russian troops occupied parts of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Republic of Georgia</a> and the breakaway enclaves of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> were established under the control of Russian-backed administrations. He called on Putin to withdraw Russian troops from Crimea and stated that Ukraine will "preserve its territory" and "defend its independence".<a href="#cite_note-446">[443]</a> On 1 March, he warned, "Military intervention would be the beginning of war and the end of any relations between Ukraine and Russia."<a href="#cite_note-447">[444]</a> On 1 March, Acting President Oleksandr Turchynov placed the Armed Forces of Ukraine on full alert and combat readiness.<a href="#cite_note-448">[445]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Temporarily_Occupied_Territories_and_IDPs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs">Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs</a> was established by Ukrainian government on 20 April 2016 to manage occupied parts of <a href="/wiki/Temporarily_occupied_and_uncontrolled_territories_of_Ukraine_(2014-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories of Ukraine (2014-present)">Donetsk, Luhansk and Crimea</a> regions affected by Russian military intervention of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-NMC20416-449">[446]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NATO_and_United_States_military_response">NATO and United States military response</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlantic_Resolve" title="Operation Atlantic Resolve">Operation Atlantic Resolve</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Deterrence_Initiative" title="European Deterrence Initiative">European Deterrence Initiative</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO_Enhanced_Forward_Presence" title="NATO Enhanced Forward Presence">NATO Enhanced Forward Presence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_(16999448822).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_%2816999448822%29.jpg/220px-2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_%2816999448822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_%2816999448822%29.jpg/330px-2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_%2816999448822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_%2816999448822%29.jpg/440px-2CR_returns_home_to_Vilseck_%2816999448822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Army convoy in <a href="/wiki/Vilseck" title="Vilseck">Vilseck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlantic_Resolve" title="Operation Atlantic Resolve">Operation Atlantic Resolve</a>, NATO's efforts to reassert its military presence in central and eastern Europe that began in April 2014.</figcaption></figure> On 4 March 2014, the United States pledged $1 billion in aid to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-450">[447]</a> Russia's actions increased tensions in nearby countries historically within its <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>. All have large Russian-speaking populations, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian troops are stationed</a> in the breakaway Moldovan territory of <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Herald-451">[448]</a> Some devoted resources to increasing defensive capabilities,<a href="#cite_note-NTI-452">[449]</a> and many requested increased support from the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a>, which they had joined in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-Herald-451">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-NTI-452">[449]</a> The conflict "reinvigorated" NATO, which had been created to face the Soviet Union, but had devoted more resources to "expeditionary missions" in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-Gearan-453">[450]</a> In addition to diplomatic support in its conflict with Russia, the U.S. provided Ukraine with US$1.5 billion in military aid during the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-454">[451]</a> In 2018 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> passed a provision blocking any training of <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov Battalion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_defense_battalions_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial defense battalions (Ukraine)">Ukrainian National Guard</a> by American forces. In previous years, between 2014 and 2017, the U.S. House of Representatives passed amendments banning support of Azov, but due to pressure from the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a>, the amendments were quietly lifted.<a href="#cite_note-455">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-457">[454]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_markets">Financial markets</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp/220px-EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp/330px-EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp/440px-EUR-RUB_exchange_rate.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3828" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>/<a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">RUB</a> <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp/220px-US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp/330px-US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp/440px-US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3991" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>/Russian Ruble Exchange Rate</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_bonds.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_bonds.webp/300px-Russian_bonds.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_bonds.webp/450px-Russian_bonds.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Russian_bonds.webp/600px-Russian_bonds.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Russian bonds</div> <a href="/wiki/Inverted_yield_curve" title="Inverted yield curve">Inverted yield curves</a> to tame inflation during their wars (<a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>, Russo-Ukrainian War, <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  20 year bond</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  10 year bond</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  1 year bond</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  3 month bond</div> </figcaption></figure> The initial reaction to the escalation of tensions in Crimea caused the Russian and European stock market to tumble.<a href="#cite_note-458">[455]</a> The intervention caused the Swiss franc to climb to a 2-year high against the dollar and 1-year high against the Euro. The Euro and the US dollar both rose, as did the Australian dollar.<a href="#cite_note-20140303reuters-459">[456]</a> The Russian stock market declined by more than 10 percent, while the Russian <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">ruble</a> hit all-time lows against the US dollar and the Euro.<a href="#cite_note-WIRDIU-460">[457]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[458]</a><a href="#cite_note-20140303aphosted-462">[459]</a> The Russian central bank hiked interest rates and intervened in the foreign exchange markets to the tune of $12 billion[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] to try to stabilize its currency.<a href="#cite_note-20140303reuters-459">[456]</a> Prices for wheat and grain rose, with Ukraine being a major exporter of both crops.<a href="#cite_note-463">[460]</a> Later in March 2014, the reaction of the financial markets to the Crimea annexation was surprisingly mellow, with global financial markets rising immediately after the referendum held in Crimea, one explanation being that the sanctions were already priced in following the earlier Russian incursion.<a href="#cite_note-464">[461]</a> Other observers considered that the positive reaction of the global financial markets on Monday 17 March 2014, after the announcement of sanctions against Russia by the EU and the US, revealed that these sanctions were too weak to hurt Russia.<a href="#cite_note-465">[462]</a> In early August 2014, the German <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> was down by 6 percent for the year, and 11 percent since June, over concerns Russia, Germany's 13th biggest trade partner, would retaliate against sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-SanctionsGermany-466">[463]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas">Reactions to the war in Donbas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions to the war in Donbas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukrainian_public_opinion">Ukrainian public opinion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg/220px-2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg/330px-2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg/440px-2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Russian supporters in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, 20 December 2014</figcaption></figure> A poll of the Ukrainian public, excluding Russian-annexed <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, was taken by the <a href="/wiki/International_Republican_Institute" title="International Republican Institute">International Republican Institute</a> from 12 to 25 September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-IRI14OCT-467">[464]</a> 89% of those polled opposed 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine. As broken down by region, 78% of those polled from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk Oblast</a>) opposed said intervention, along with 89% in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">Southern Ukraine</a>, 93% in <a href="/wiki/Central_Ukraine" title="Central Ukraine">Central Ukraine</a>, and 99% in <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IRI14OCT-467">[464]</a> As broken down by native language, 79% of Russian speakers and 95% of Ukrainian speakers opposed the intervention. 80% of those polled said the country should remain a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> country.<a href="#cite_note-IRI14OCT-467">[464]</a> A poll of the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimean</a> public in Russian-annexed Crimea was taken by the Ukrainian branch of Germany's biggest market research organization, <a href="/wiki/GfK" title="GfK">GfK</a>, on 16–22 January 2015. According to its results: "Eighty-two percent of those polled said they fully supported Crimea's inclusion in Russia, and another 11 percent expressed partial support. Only 4 percent spoke out against it."<a href="#cite_note-468">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-469">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[467]</a> A joint poll conducted by Levada and the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> from September to October 2020 found that in the breakaway regions controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">DPR</a>/<a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">LPR</a>, just over half of the respondents wanted to join Russia (either with or without some autonomous status) while less than one-tenth wanted independence and 12% wanted reintegration into Ukraine. It contrasted with respondents in Kyiv-controlled Donbas, where a vast majority felt the separatist regions should be returned to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-471">[468]</a> According to results from Levada in January 2022, roughly 70% of those in the breakaway regions said their territories should become part of the Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-472">[469]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_public_opinion">Russian public opinion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_21_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_2014_L1450559.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Peace march in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, 21 September 2014</figcaption></figure> An August 2014 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Levada_Center" title="Levada Center">Levada Centre</a> reported that only 13% of those Russians polled would support the Russian government in an open war with Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-473">[470]</a> Street protests against the war in Ukraine arose in Russia. Notable protests first occurred in March<a href="#cite_note-474">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-afp-475">[472]</a> and large protests occurred in September when "tens of thousands" protested the war in Ukraine with a peace march in downtown Moscow on Sunday, 21 September 2014, "under heavy police supervision".<a href="#cite_note-wp20140921-476">[473]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukrainian_public_opinion_2">Ukrainian public opinion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc (slang)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar (song)</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good Evening (Where Are You From?)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/220px-02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/330px-02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/440px-02022_1199_Refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4433" data-file-height="2957" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis">Ukrainian refugees</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> protest against the war, 6 March 2022</figcaption></figure> In March 2022, a week after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, 98% of Ukrainians—including 82% of <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Ukraine" title="Russians in Ukraine">ethnic Russians</a> living in Ukraine—said they did not believe that any part of Ukraine was rightfully part of Russia, according to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ashcroft" title="Michael Ashcroft">Lord Ashcroft</a>'s polls which did not include Crimea and the separatist-controlled part of Donbas. 97% of Ukrainians said they had an unfavourable view of Russian President Vladimir Putin, with a further 94% saying they had an unfavourable view of the Russian Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-477">[474]</a> At the end of 2021, 75% of Ukrainians said they had a positive attitude toward ordinary Russians, while in May 2022, 82% of Ukrainians said they had a negative attitude toward ordinary Russians.<a href="#cite_note-478">[475]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Centre" title="Razumkov Centre">Razumkov Centre</a> poll conducted from 19 to 25 January 2024, found that Russia was the most negatively viewed country in Ukraine, with it being viewed negatively by 95% of Ukrainian respondents. The second, third and fourth most negatively viewed countries were Belarus (87%), Iran (82%) and China (72.5%) respectively. Ukrainian respondents were most positive towards Lithuania (91%), Latvia (90.5%), the UK (90%), Germany (89%), Estonia (89%), Canada (88%) and the US (87%).<a href="#cite_note-479">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-480">[477]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_public_opinion_2">Russian public opinion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg/220px-Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg/330px-Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg/440px-Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Russia <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   Countries on Russia's "<a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_Countries_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfriendly Countries List">Unfriendly Countries List</a>". The list includes countries that have imposed <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctions against Russia</a> for its invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-481">[478]</a></figcaption></figure> An April 2022 survey by the Levada Centre reported that approximately 74% of the Russians polled supported the "special military operation" in Ukraine, suggesting that Russian public opinion has shifted considerably since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-482">[479]</a> According to some sources, a reason many Russians supported the "special military operation" has to do with the <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">propaganda</a> and disinformation.<a href="#cite_note-483">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[481]</a> In addition, it has been suggested that some respondents did not want to answer pollsters' questions for fear of negative consequences.<a href="#cite_note-485">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-486">[483]</a> At the end of March, a poll conducted in Russia by the Levada Center concluded the following: When asked why they think the military operation is taking place, respondents said it was to protect and defend civilians, ethnic Russians or Russian speakers in Ukraine (43%), to prevent an attack on Russia (25%), to get rid of nationalists and "denazify" Ukraine (21%), and to incorporate Ukraine or the Donbas region into Russia (3%)."<a href="#cite_note-487">[484]</a> According to polls, the Russian President's rating rose from 71% on the eve of the invasion to 82% in March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-488">[485]</a> The Kremlin's analysis concluded that public support for the war was broad but not deep, and that most Russians would accept anything Putin would call a victory. In September 2023, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Public_Opinion_Research_Center" title="Russian Public Opinion Research Center">VTsIOM</a> state pollster Valery Fyodorov said in an interview that only 10–15% of Russians actively supported the war, and that "most Russians are not demanding the conquest of Kyiv or Odesa."<a href="#cite_note-489">[486]</a> On the accuracy of public opinion polls, Russian-born political activist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kara-Murza" title="Vladimir Kara-Murza">Vladimir Kara-Murza</a> said: "I see Russian pollsters say that the average response-rate to polls in Russia average from five to seven per-cent; some 90% of the people refuse to say in polls, and [for] very good reasons. It is impossible to judge the true state of public opinion in a country that imprisons you for expressing it. ...The Putin propaganda machine tries to pretend that Russian society is a monolith, that all Russians support this war, that all Russians support this regime, and this is a lie, needless to say."<a href="#cite_note-490">[487]</a> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Orlov" title="Oleg Orlov">Oleg Orlov</a>, the chairman of the Board of Human Rights Center "<a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a>", claimed that <a href="/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin" title="Russia under Vladimir Putin">Russia under Vladimir Putin</a> had descended into <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and that the army is committing "mass murder".<a href="#cite_note-491">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-492">[489]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20220326AS-2014_j2_(52036398865).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/P20220326AS-2014_j2_%2852036398865%29.jpg/220px-P20220326AS-2014_j2_%2852036398865%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/P20220326AS-2014_j2_%2852036398865%29.jpg/330px-P20220326AS-2014_j2_%2852036398865%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/P20220326AS-2014_j2_%2852036398865%29.jpg/440px-P20220326AS-2014_j2_%2852036398865%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8366" data-file-height="5577" /></a><figcaption>American President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> holding a <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee</a> at Warsaw's <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_G%C3%B3rski_National_Stadium" title="Kazimierz Górski National Stadium">Kazimierz Górski National Stadium</a> in a meeting where he described Russian President Vladimir Putin as "butcher", 26 March 2022<a href="#cite_note-493">[490]</a></figcaption></figure> On 28 April 2022, US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> asked <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> for an additional $33 billion to assist Ukraine, including $20 billion to provide weapons to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-494">[491]</a> On 5 May, Ukraine's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a> announced that Ukraine had received more than $12 billion worth of weapons and financial aid from Western countries since the start of Russia's invasion on 24 February.<a href="#cite_note-495">[492]</a> On 21 May 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> passed legislation providing $40 billion in new military and humanitarian foreign aid to Ukraine, marking a historically large commitment of funds.<a href="#cite_note-496">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-497">[494]</a> In August 2022, U.S. defense spending to counter the Russian war effort exceeded the first 5 years of war costs in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> reported that new U.S. weapons delivered to the Ukrainian war front suggest a closer combat scenario with more casualties.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-498">[495]</a> The United States looks to build "enduring strength in Ukraine" with increased arms shipments and a record-breaking $3 billion military aid package.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-498">[495]</a> On 22 April 2022, professor <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy D. Snyder</a> published an article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a> where he wrote that "we have tended to overlook the central example of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>'s revival, which is the Putin regime in the Russian Federation".<a href="#cite_note-Synder_2022-04-22-499">[496]</a> On the wider regime, Snyder writes that "[p]rominent Russian fascists are given access to mass media during wars, including this one. Members of the Russian elite, above all Putin himself, rely increasingly on fascist concepts", and states that "Putin's very justification of the war in Ukraine [...] represents a <a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian form of fascism</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Synder_2022-04-22-499">[496]</a> On 7 March 2024, American President Joe Biden given the <a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2024 State of the Union Address">2024 State of the Union Address</a> where he compared <a href="/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin" title="Russia under Vladimir Putin">Russia under Vladimir Putin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">conquests of Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-500">[497]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_military_suppliers">Russian military suppliers</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_(2023-09-13)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282023-09-13%29_01.jpg/220px-Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282023-09-13%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282023-09-13%29_01.jpg/330px-Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282023-09-13%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282023-09-13%29_01.jpg/440px-Kim_Jong-un_and_Vladimir_Putin_%282023-09-13%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> and Putin <a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">meeting</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a> in 2023 where Kim gave his support for Russia's "sacred fight" against the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a><a href="#cite_note-501">[498]</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></div> After expending large amounts of heavy weapons and munitions over months, the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> received combat drones, loitering munitions, and large amounts of artillery from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, deliveries of tanks and other armoured vehicles from <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and reportedly planned to trade for artillery ammunition from <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and ballistic missiles from Iran.<a href="#cite_note-502">[499]</a><a href="#cite_note-503">[500]</a><a href="#cite_note-504">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-505">[502]</a><a href="#cite_note-506">[503]</a> The U.S. has accused China of providing Russia with technology it needs for high-tech weapons, allegations which China has denied. The U.S. sanctioned a Chinese firm for providing satellite imagery to Russian mercenary forces fighting in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-507">[504]</a> In March 2023, Western nations had pressed the United Arab Emirates to halt <a href="/wiki/Re-exports" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-exports">re-exports</a> of goods to Russia which had military uses, amidst allegations that the Gulf country exported 158 drones to Russia in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-508">[505]</a> In May 2023, the U.S. accused South Africa of supplying arms to Russia in a covert naval operation,<a href="#cite_note-509">[506]</a> allegations which have been denied by South African president <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-510">[507]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>United Nations secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy delegations meeting in April 2022</figcaption></figure> On 25 February 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> failed to adopt a draft resolution which would have "deplored, in the strongest terms, the Russian Federation's aggression" on Ukraine. Of the 15 member states on the Security Council, 11 were in support, whilst three abstained from voting. The draft resolution failed due to a Russian veto.<a href="#cite_note-511">[508]</a><a href="#cite_note-512">[509]</a> Due to the deadlock, the Security Council passed a resolution to convene the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">eleventh emergency special session</a>.<a href="#cite_note-513">[510]</a> On 2 March 2022, the General Assembly voted to deplore "in the strongest possible terms" Russia's aggression against Ukraine by a vote of 141 to 5, with 35 <a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">abstentions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-generalassembly-514">[511]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">resolution</a> also called for the Russian Federation to "immediately cease its use of force against Ukraine" and "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw all of its military forces."<a href="#cite_note-generalassembly-514">[511]</a> Only Russia, Belarus, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, North Korea and <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> voted against the resolution.<a href="#cite_note-515">[512]</a> On 4 March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights Council</a> adopted a resolution by a vote of 32 to 2, with 13 abstentions, calling for the withdrawal of Russian troops and Russian-backed armed groups from Ukraine and humanitarian access to people in need. The resolution also established a commission to investigate alleged rights violations committed during Russia's military attack on Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-516">[513]</a> In October 2022, the United Nations General Assembly had adopted a resolution condemning the <a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a> with 143 supporting votes, 5 opposing votes (Belarus, North Korea, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, Russia, Syria), and 35 abstentions.<a href="#cite_note-517">[514]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/25px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/37px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/50px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="275" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_history" title="Portal:Modern history">Modern history portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/28px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/56px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasions_in_the_21st_century" title="List of invasions in the 21st century">List of invasions in the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe" title="List of conflicts in Europe">List of conflicts in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasions_and_occupations_of_Ukraine" title="List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine">List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Russia" title="List of wars involving Russia">List of wars involving Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Ukraine" title="List of wars involving Ukraine">List of wars involving Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Ukraine" title="Modern history of Ukraine">Modern history of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_warfare" title="New generation warfare">New generation warfare</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DonetskLuhanskRecognition-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DonetskLuhanskRecognition_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DonetskLuhanskRecognition_1-1">b</a> The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic were Russian puppet states that declared their independence from Ukraine in May 2014. In 2022, <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">they received international recognition</a> from each other, Russia, Syria and North Korea, and some other partially recognised states. On 30 September 2022, Russia declared that <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">it had formally annexed both entities</a>. They continue to exist as <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">republics of Russia</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Note_1-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Note_1_2-0">^</a> There are "some contradictions and inherent problems" regarding the date on which the occupation began.<a href="#cite_note-Disunited-518">[515]</a> The Ukrainian Government maintains, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> agrees, that Russia controlled Crimea from 27 February 2014,<a href="#cite_note-519">[516]</a> when unmarked Russian special forces took control of its political institutions.<a href="#cite_note-520">[517]</a> The Russian Government later made 27 February "Special Operations Forces Day".<a href="#cite_note-auto2-69">[66]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian parliament">Ukrainian parliament</a> officially designated 20 February 2014 as "the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Temporarily_occupied_and_uncontrolled_territories_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories of Ukraine">temporary occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia</a>",<a href="#cite_note-521">[518]</a> citing the date inscribed on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-522">[519]</a> On that date, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a>, then Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a>, had said the region would be prepared to join Russia.<a href="#cite_note-523">[520]</a> In 2018, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov claimed that the earlier "start date" on the medal was due to a "technical misunderstanding".<a href="#cite_note-524">[521]</a> President Putin stated in a <a href="/wiki/Crimea._The_Way_Home" title="Crimea. The Way Home">Russian film about the annexation</a> that he ordered the operation to "restore" Crimea to Russia following an all-night emergency meeting on 22–23 February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Disunited-518">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News-525">[522]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Note_3-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Note_3_5-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: российско-украинская война, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: rossiysko-ukrainskaya voyna; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: російсько-українська війна, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: rosiisko-ukrainska viina. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRainsford2023" class="citation news cs1">Rainsford, Sarah (6 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66727788">"Ukraine war: Romania reveals Russian drone parts hit its territory"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240223235748/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66727788">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2024. 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Retrieved 29 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Study%3A+Dioxin+that+poisoned+Yushchenko+made+in+lab&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.issn=1563-6429&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Farticle%2Fcontent%2Fukraine-politics%2Fstudy-dioxin-that-poisoned-yushchenko-made-in-lab-46417.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/yushchenko-to-russia-hand-over-witnesses-49610.html">"Yushchenko to Russia: Hand over witnesses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 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Retrieved 12 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+EU+trade+deal+will+be+catastrophic%2C+says+Russia&rft.date=2013-09-22&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fsep%2F22%2Fukraine-european-union-trade-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interfax1-32"><a href="#cite_ref-interfax1_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192030.html">"Rada removes Yanukovych from office, schedules new elections for May 25"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 24 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200210094859/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192030.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Rada+removes+Yanukovych+from+office%2C+schedules+new+elections+for+May+25&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F192030.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aljz01-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aljz01_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aljz01_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2014/02/ukraine-parliament-ousts-president-yanukovich-2014222152035601620.html">"Ukraine President Yanukovich impeached"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 22 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907113053/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2014/02/ukraine-parliament-ousts-president-yanukovich-2014222152035601620.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+President+Yanukovich+impeached&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F2014%2F02%2Fukraine-parliament-ousts-president-yanukovich-2014222152035601620.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RadioFreeEurope-34"><a href="#cite_ref-RadioFreeEurope_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSindelar2014" class="citation web cs1">Sindelar, Daisy (23 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/content/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html">"Was Yanukovych's Ouster Constitutional?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729143204/https://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Was+Yanukovych%27s+Ouster+Constitutional%3F&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft.aulast=Sindelar&rft.aufirst=Daisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Fwas-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional%2F25274346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-huffingtonpost1-35"><a href="#cite_ref-huffingtonpost1_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeffer2014" class="citation news cs1">Feffer, John (14 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/who-are-these-people-anyw_b_4964526.html">"Who Are These 'People,' Anyway?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318044043/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/who-are-these-people-anyw_b_4964526.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Who+Are+These+%27People%2C%27+Anyway%3F&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft.aulast=Feffer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fjohn-feffer%2Fwho-are-these-people-anyw_b_4964526.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraynor2014" class="citation news cs1">Traynor, Ian (24 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia">"Western nations scramble to contain fallout from Ukraine crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223185940/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Western+nations+scramble+to+contain+fallout+from+Ukraine+crisis&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenta.ru/news/2014/03/01/language/"><bdi lang="ru">На отмену закона о региональных языках на Украине наложат вето</bdi></a> [The abolition of the law on regional languages in Ukraine will be vetoed] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Lenta.ru" title="Lenta.ru">Lenta.ru</a>. 1 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228015039/https://lenta.ru/news/2014/03/01/language/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2014%2F03%2F01%2Flanguage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyres2014" class="citation news cs1">Ayres, Sabra (28 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2014/0228/Is-it-too-late-for-Kiev-to-woo-Russian-speaking-Ukraine">"Is it too late for Kyiv to woo Russian-speaking Ukraine?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107021055/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2014/0228/Is-it-too-late-for-Kiev-to-woo-Russian-speaking-Ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Is+it+too+late+for+Kyiv+to+woo+Russian-speaking+Ukraine%3F&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft.aulast=Ayres&rft.aufirst=Sabra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2014%2F0228%2FIs-it-too-late-for-Kiev-to-woo-Russian-speaking-Ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2014Lessons-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2014Lessons_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014Lessons_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014Lessons_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014Lessons_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014Lessons_39-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2014Lessons_39-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofman2017" class="citation book cs1">Kofman, Michael (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> (PDF). Santa Monica, CA: <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-9617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-9617-3"><bdi>978-0-8330-9617-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/990544142">990544142</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091710/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2021. <q>By March 26, the annexation was essentially complete, and Russia began returning seized military hardware to Ukraine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Russia%27s+Operations+in+Crimea+and+Eastern+Ukraine.&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+CA&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F990544142&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-9617-3&rft.aulast=Kofman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1400%2FRR1498%2FRAND_RR1498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolityukRobinson2014" class="citation news cs1">Polityuk, Pavel; Robinson, Matt (22 February 2014). Roche, Andrew (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609181723/http://in.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-parliament-idINDEEA1L04L20140222">"Ukraine parliament removes Yanukovich, who flees Kyiv in 'coup'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Gabriela Baczynska, Marcin Goettig, Peter Graff, Giles Elgood. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://in.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-parliament-idINDEEA1L04L20140222">the original</a> on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine+parliament+removes+Yanukovich%2C+who+flees+Kyiv+in+%27coup%27&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft.aulast=Polityuk&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fukraine-crisis-parliament-idINDEEA1L04L20140222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delo.ua/econonomyandpoliticsinukraine/janukovich-poshel-po-stopam-juschenko-sudy-opjat-otbirajut-majaki-u-ro-162688/">"Yanukovich poshel po stopam Yushchenko – sudy opyat' otbirayut mayaki u rossiyskikh voyennykh" <bdi lang="ru">Янукович пошел по стопам Ющенко – суды опять отбирают маяки у российских военных</bdi></a> [Yanukovych followed in Yushchenko's footsteps – courts again take away beacons from Russian military]. <a href="/wiki/DELO" title="DELO">DELO</a> (in Russian). 11 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129210619/https://delo.ua/econonomyandpoliticsinukraine/janukovich-poshel-po-stopam-juschenko-sudy-opjat-otbirajut-majaki-u-ro-162688/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELO&rft.atitle=Yanukovich+poshel+po+stopam+Yushchenko+%E2%80%93+sudy+opyat%27+otbirayut+mayaki+u+rossiyskikh+voyennykh+%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%AE%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%E2%80%93+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdelo.ua%2Fecononomyandpoliticsinukraine%2Fjanukovich-poshel-po-stopam-juschenko-sudy-opjat-otbirajut-majaki-u-ro-162688%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen2006" class="citation news cs1">Stephen, Chris (16 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/russian-anger-as-ukraine-seizes-lighthouse-1.1002176">"Russian anger as Ukraine seizes lighthouse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526145936/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/russian-anger-as-ukraine-seizes-lighthouse-1.1002176">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022. 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Retrieved 17 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Bound+by+treaty%3A+Russia%2C+Ukraine%2C+and+Crimea&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fbound-by-treaty-russia-ukraine-and-crimea%2Fa-17487632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2010/04/21/4950590/"><bdi lang="uk">Янукович віддав крим російському флоту ще на 25 років</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304120148/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2010/04/21/4950590/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2022. 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Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+envoy+says+Russia+%27declared+war%27&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Fukraine-envoy-to-un-says-russia-declared-war%2Farticleshow%2F89790558.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/putins-speech-declaring-war-on-ukraine-translated-excerpts">"'No other option': Excerpts of Putin's speech declaring war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 24 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301132642/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/putins-speech-declaring-war-on-ukraine-translated-excerpts">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. 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Does that matter?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307133110/https://theconversation.com/international-law-says-putins-war-against-ukraine-is-illegal-does-that-matter-177438">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. 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Retrieved 10 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chatham+House&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Debunking+Russia%27s+legal+justifications&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Wilmhurst&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2F2022%2F02%2Fukraine-debunking-russias-legal-justifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-Wuerth_2022-50">[47]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Bellinger_2022-51">[48]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Hannum_2022-52">[49]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Neal_2022-53">[50]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Weiner_2022-54">[51]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Dworkin_2022-55">[52]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Wilmhurst_2022-56">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanjanAnil2022" class="citation news cs1">Ranjan, Prabhash; Anil, Achyuth (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/debunking-russias-international-law-justifications/article65094642.ece">"Debunking Russia's international law justifications"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429234617/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/debunking-russias-international-law-justifications/article65094642.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Debunking+Russia%27s+international+law+justifications&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Ranjan&rft.aufirst=Prabhash&rft.au=Anil%2C+Achyuth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Flead%2Fdebunking-russias-international-law-justifications%2Farticle65094642.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroconis2022" class="citation news cs1">Troconis, Jesus Eduardo (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambio16.com/rusia-esta-fuera-de-la-ley-internacional/">"Rusia está fuera de la ley internacional"</a>. Cambio16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223202743/https://www.cambio16.com/rusia-esta-fuera-de-la-ley-internacional/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambio16&rft.atitle=Rusia+est%C3%A1+fuera+de+la+ley+internacional&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Troconis&rft.aufirst=Jesus+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambio16.com%2Frusia-esta-fuera-de-la-ley-internacional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2022" class="citation news cs1">Gross, Judah Ari (27 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-legal-experts-condemn-ukraine-invasion-say-its-illegal-under-international-law/">"Israeli legal experts condemn Ukraine invasion, say it's illegal under international law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321071828/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-legal-experts-condemn-ukraine-invasion-say-its-illegal-under-international-law/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israeli+legal+experts+condemn+Ukraine+invasion%2C+say+it%27s+illegal+under+international+law&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Judah+Ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fisraeli-legal-experts-condemn-ukraine-invasion-say-its-illegal-under-international-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyreGuilfoylePaige2022" class="citation news cs1">McIntyre, Juliette; Guilfoyle, Douglas; Paige, Tamsin Phillipa (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/is-international-law-powerless-against-russian-aggression-in-ukraine-no-but-its-complicated-177905">"Is international law powerless against Russian aggression in Ukraine? No, but it's complicated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225123605/https://theconversation.com/is-international-law-powerless-against-russian-aggression-in-ukraine-no-but-its-complicated-177905">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Is+international+law+powerless+against+Russian+aggression+in+Ukraine%3F+No%2C+but+it%27s+complicated&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Juliette&rft.au=Guilfoyle%2C+Douglas&rft.au=Paige%2C+Tamsin+Phillipa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fis-international-law-powerless-against-russian-aggression-in-ukraine-no-but-its-complicated-177905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-62"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDannenbaum2022" class="citation web cs1">Dannenbaum, Tom (10 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/80626/mechanisms-for-criminal-prosecution-of-russias-aggression-against-ukraine/">"Mechanisms for Criminal Prosecution of Russia's Aggression Against Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Just_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Just Security">Just Security</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220416160240/https://www.justsecurity.org/80626/mechanisms-for-criminal-prosecution-of-russias-aggression-against-ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mechanisms+for+Criminal+Prosecution+of+Russia%27s+Aggression+Against+Ukraine&rft.pub=Just+Security&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft.aulast=Dannenbaum&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justsecurity.org%2F80626%2Fmechanisms-for-criminal-prosecution-of-russias-aggression-against-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-63"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColangelo2022" class="citation news cs1">Colangelo, Anthony J. (4 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/opinion/international/596894-putin-can-be-prosecuted-for-crimes-of-aggression-but-likely-not-any">"Putin can be prosecuted for crimes of aggression – but likely not any time soon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411232118/https://thehill.com/opinion/international/596894-putin-can-be-prosecuted-for-crimes-of-aggression-but-likely-not-any/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Putin+can+be+prosecuted+for+crimes+of+aggression+%E2%80%93+but+likely+not+any+time+soon&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Colangelo&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fopinion%2Finternational%2F596894-putin-can-be-prosecuted-for-crimes-of-aggression-but-likely-not-any&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=002-13090">"Ukraine v. Russia (re Crimea) (decision)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>. January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222212428/https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=002-13090">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024. <q>The Ukrainian Government maintains that the Russian Federation has from 27 February 2014 exercised effective control over the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol ... There was sufficient evidence that during the relevant period the respondent State [Russia] had exercised effective control over Crimea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+v.+Russia+%28re+Crimea%29+%28decision%29&rft.pub=European+Court+of+Human+Rights&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%3Fi%3D002-13090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasse2023" class="citation book cs1">Sasse, Gwendolyn (2023). Russia's War Against Ukraine. Wiley & Sons. p. 2004. <q>Russia's war against Ukraine began with the annexation of Crimea on 27 February 2014. On that day, Russian special forces without any uniform insignia appeared in Crimea, quickly taking control of strategic, military and political institutions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+War+Against+Ukraine&rft.pages=2004&rft.pub=Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Sasse&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKäihkö2023" class="citation book cs1">Käihkö, Ilmari (2023). Slava Ukraini!: Strategy and the Spirit of Ukrainian Resistance 2014–2023. Helsinki University Press. p. 72. <q>If asked when the war began, many Ukrainians believe it was when the unmarked Russian 'little green men' occupied Crimea on February 27, 2014, or February 20, the date given on the official Russian campaign medal 'For the Return of Crimea'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slava+Ukraini%21%3A+Strategy+and+the+Spirit+of+Ukrainian+Resistance+2014%E2%80%932023&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Helsinki+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=K%C3%A4ihk%C3%B6&rft.aufirst=Ilmari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCathcart2014" class="citation news cs1">Cathcart, Will (25 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/25/putin-s-crimean-medal-of-honor-forged-before-the-war-even-began">"Putin's Crimean Medal of Honor, Forged Before the War Even Began"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225135207/https://www.thedailybeast.com/putins-crimean-medal-of-honor-forged-before-the-war-even-began">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Crimean+Medal+of+Honor%2C+Forged+Before+the+War+Even+Began&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft.aulast=Cathcart&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F04%2F25%2Fputin-s-crimean-medal-of-honor-forged-before-the-war-even-began&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrimeanInvasion-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrimeanInvasion_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrimeanInvasion_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/documents/RussianInvasionCrimeanPeninsula.pdf">"The Russian Invasion of the Crimean Peninsula 2014–2015"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206000517/https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/documents/RussianInvasionCrimeanPeninsula.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Invasion+of+the+Crimean+Peninsula+2014%E2%80%932015&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jhuapl.edu%2FContent%2Fdocuments%2FRussianInvasionCrimeanPeninsula.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UkrainianPerspective-67"><a href="#cite_ref-UkrainianPerspective_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224141912/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/10-facts-you-should-know-about-russian-military-aggression-against-ukraine">"10 facts you should know about russian military aggression against Ukraine"</a>. Ukraine government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mfa.gov.ua/en/10-facts-you-should-know-about-russian-military-aggression-against-ukraine">the original</a> on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+facts+you+should+know+about+russian+military+aggression+against+Ukraine&rft.pub=Ukraine+government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.ua%2Fen%2F10-facts-you-should-know-about-russian-military-aggression-against-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091710/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Archived</a> 17 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 19, published by <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> in 2017. "Ukraine's government was in transition following the ouster of Yanukovych. As a result, it did not react to the Russian operation when launched. Russia's task was made relatively easy by the confusion and chaos that generally follows an uprising, such as what happened in Kyiv. Moscow capitalized on the tensions and uncertainty in Crimea, as well as on the inexperience of Ukraine's provisional government. Meeting notes of the discussion among Ukrainian leadership reveal a great deal of anxiety, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take action for fear of escalation." </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeBenedictis2022" class="citation book cs1">DeBenedictis, Kent (2022). Russian 'Hybrid Warfare' and the Annexation of Crimea. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 140. <q>During the night of 26–27 February, Russian special forces without insignia departed Sevastopol ... They arrived at the Crimean Rada and Council of Ministers buildings in Simferopol, disarmed the security and took control of the buildings ... Putin later signed a decree designating 27 February as Special Operations Forces Day in Russia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+%27Hybrid+Warfare%27+and+the+Annexation+of+Crimea&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=DeBenedictis&rft.aufirst=Kent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yahoo-70"><a href="#cite_ref-yahoo_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/armed-standoff-pro-russian-region-raises-ukraine-tension-033318395.html">"Armed men seize two airports in Ukraine's Crimea, Russia denies involvement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a>. 28 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119220825/https://news.yahoo.com/armed-standoff-pro-russian-region-raises-ukraine-tension-033318395.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Armed+men+seize+two+airports+in+Ukraine%27s+Crimea%2C+Russia+denies+involvement&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Farmed-standoff-pro-russian-region-raises-ukraine-tension-033318395.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum2015" class="citation news cs1">Birnbaum, Michael (15 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/putin-was-surprised-at-how-easily-russia-took-control-of-crimea/2015/03/15/94b7c82e-c9c1-11e4-bea5-b893e7ac3fb3_story.html">"Putin Details Crimea Takeover Before First Anniversary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222215205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/putin-was-surprised-at-how-easily-russia-took-control-of-crimea/2015/03/15/94b7c82e-c9c1-11e4-bea5-b893e7ac3fb3_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Putin+Details+Crimea+Takeover+Before+First+Anniversary&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-was-surprised-at-how-easily-russia-took-control-of-crimea%2F2015%2F03%2F15%2F94b7c82e-c9c1-11e4-bea5-b893e7ac3fb3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackinnon2014" class="citation news cs1">Mackinnon, Mark (26 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/crimean-region-could-be-ukraines-newest-flashpoint/article17130654/">"Globe in Ukraine: Russian-backed fighters restrict access to Crimean city"</a>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_%26_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="The Globe & Mail">The Globe & Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915112306/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/crimean-region-could-be-ukraines-newest-flashpoint/article17130654/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Globe+in+Ukraine%3A+Russian-backed+fighters+restrict+access+to+Crimean+city&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft.aulast=Mackinnon&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fcrimean-region-could-be-ukraines-newest-flashpoint%2Farticle17130654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/26/world/europe/ukraine-politics">"Russia flexes military muscle as tensions rise in Ukraine's Crimea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 26 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190909081120/https://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/26/world/europe/ukraine-politics/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2014. <q>A CNN team in the area encountered more than one pro-Russian militia checkpoint on the road from Sevastopol to Simferopol.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+flexes+military+muscle+as+tensions+rise+in+Ukraine%27s+Crimea&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F02%2F26%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226134847/https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/checkpoints-put-at-all-entrances-to-sevastopol-337655.html">"Checkpoints put at all entrances to Sevastopol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 26 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/checkpoints-put-at-all-entrances-to-sevastopol-337655.html">the original</a> on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014. <q>Checkpoints were put up at all entrances to Sevastopol last night and the borders to the city are guarded by groups of people, police units, and traffic police.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Checkpoints+put+at+all+entrances+to+Sevastopol&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fcheckpoints-put-at-all-entrances-to-sevastopol-337655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forceAuth-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forceAuth_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forceAuth_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/russian-parliament-approves-use-of-armed-forces-in-crimea/a-17467100">"Russian parliament approves use of armed forces in Crimea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 26 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130112024/https://www.dw.com/en/russian-parliament-approves-use-of-armed-forces-in-crimea/a-17467100">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+parliament+approves+use+of+armed+forces+in+Crimea&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussian-parliament-approves-use-of-armed-forces-in-crimea%2Fa-17467100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jw-76"><a href="#cite_ref-jw_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJen_Weedon,_FireEye2015" class="citation book cs1">Jen Weedon, FireEye (2015). "Beyond 'Cyber War': Russia's Use of Strategic Cyber Espionage and Information Operations in Ukraine". In Geers, Kenneth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816132103/https://ccdcoe.org/multimedia/cyber-war-perspective-russian-aggression-against-ukraine.html">Cyber War in Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine</a>. Tallinn: NATO CCD COE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9949-9544-5-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9949-9544-5-2"><bdi>978-9949-9544-5-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccdcoe.org/multimedia/cyber-war-perspective-russian-aggression-against-ukraine.html">the original</a> on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beyond+%27Cyber+War%27%3A+Russia%27s+Use+of+Strategic+Cyber+Espionage+and+Information+Operations+in+Ukraine&rft.btitle=Cyber+War+in+Perspective%3A+Russian+Aggression+against+Ukraine&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=NATO+CCD+COE+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9949-9544-5-2&rft.au=Jen+Weedon%2C+FireEye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccdcoe.org%2Fmultimedia%2Fcyber-war-perspective-russian-aggression-against-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-apr15-77"><a href="#cite_ref-apr15_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/ukraine-parliament-declares-crimea-temporarily-occupied-territory/">"Ukraine Parliament declares Crimea temporarily occupied territory"</a>. IANS. news.biharprabha.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112082126/https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/ukraine-parliament-declares-crimea-temporarily-occupied-territory/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IANS&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Parliament+declares+Crimea+temporarily+occupied+territory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F04%2Fukraine-parliament-declares-crimea-temporarily-occupied-territory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2014/07/russia-threatens-nuclear-strikes-over-crimea/">""Russia Threatens Nuclear Strikes Over Crimea""</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a>. 11 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224211802/https://thediplomat.com/2014/07/russia-threatens-nuclear-strikes-over-crimea/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Russia+Threatens+Nuclear+Strikes+Over+Crimea%22&rft.pub=The+Diplomat&rft.date=2014-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2014%2F07%2Frussia-threatens-nuclear-strikes-over-crimea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/update/2014-08-14/russia-sets-up-military-force-in-crimea/">"Putin: Russia to set up military force in Crimea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. 19 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930164210/http://www.itv.com/news/update/2014-08-14/russia-sets-up-military-force-in-crimea/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%3A+Russia+to+set+up+military+force+in+Crimea&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fupdate%2F2014-08-14%2Frussia-sets-up-military-force-in-crimea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30025138">"Ukraine crisis: Russian troops crossed border, Nato says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 12 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206012013/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30025138">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Russian+troops+crossed+border%2C+Nato+says&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30025138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_209039.htm">"Doorstep statement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221116120553/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_209039.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022. <q>NATO Allies have provided training to Ukrainian forces since 2014. In particular, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, have conducted significant training in Ukraine since the illegal annexation of Crimea, but also some EU NATO members have been part of these efforts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doorstep+statement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatohq%2Fopinions_209039.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatonova2022" class="citation book cs1">Platonova, Daria (2022). The Donbas Conflict in Ukraine: elites, protest, and partition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-21371-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-21371-0"><bdi>978-1-003-21371-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1249709944">1249709944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Donbas+Conflict+in+Ukraine%3A+elites%2C+protest%2C+and+partition&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1249709944&rft.isbn=978-1-003-21371-0&rft.aulast=Platonova&rft.aufirst=Daria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-de-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-de_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_83-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofmanMigachevaNichiporukRadin2017" class="citation report cs1">Kofman, Michael; Migacheva, Katya; Nichiporuk, Brian; Radin, Andrew; Tkacheva, Olesya; Oberholtzer, Jenny (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> (PDF) (Report). Santa Monica, CA: <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>. pp. 33–34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091710/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Russia%27s+Operations+in+Crimea+and+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+CA&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kofman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Migacheva%2C+Katya&rft.au=Nichiporuk%2C+Brian&rft.au=Radin%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Tkacheva%2C+Olesya&rft.au=Oberholtzer%2C+Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1400%2FRR1498%2FRAND_RR1498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wil234-84"><a href="#cite_ref-wil234_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Andrew (20 April 2016). "The Donbas in 2014: Explaining Civil Conflict Perhaps, but not Civil War". <a href="/wiki/Europe-Asia_Studies" title="Europe-Asia Studies">Europe-Asia Studies</a>. 68 (4): 631–652. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2016.1176994">10.1080/09668136.2016.1176994</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0966-8136">0966-8136</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148334453">148334453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Donbas+in+2014%3A+Explaining+Civil+Conflict+Perhaps%2C+but+not+Civil+War&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=631-652&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148334453%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0966-8136&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2016.1176994&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-karb2-85"><a href="#cite_ref-karb2_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarber2015" class="citation report cs1">Karber, Phillip A. (29 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316122469">"Lessons Learned" from the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> (Report). The Potomac Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202110934/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316122469_Karber_RUS-UKR_War_Lessons_Learned">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%22Lessons+Learned%22+from+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War&rft.pub=The+Potomac+Foundation&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.aulast=Karber&rft.aufirst=Phillip+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F316122469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2014" class="citation journal cs1">Freedman, Lawrence (2 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00396338.2014.985432">"Ukraine and the Art of Limited War"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pushing+locals+aside%2C+Russians+take+top+rebel+posts+in+east+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-rebels-insight-idUSKBN0FW07020140727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsuzato2017" class="citation journal cs1">Matsuzato, Kimitaka (22 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=10746846&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA492538899&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs">"The Donbass War: Outbreak and Deadlock"</a>. Demokratizatsiya. 25 (2). 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Retrieved 11 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Igor+Strelkov%3A+I+Am+Responsible+for+War+in+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F21%2Frussias-igor-strelkov-i-am-responsible-for-war-in-eastern-ukraine-a41598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/kim-strelkov-idUSL2N0TG1CM20141126/">"Should Putin fear the man who 'pulled the trigger of war' in Ukraine?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 26 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122231958/https://www.reuters.com/article/kim-strelkov-idUSL2N0TG1CM20141126/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023. 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Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+reinstates+conscription+as+crisis+deepens&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27247428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-de3-103"><a href="#cite_ref-de3_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofmanMigachevaNichiporukRadin2017" class="citation report cs1">Kofman, Michael; Migacheva, Katya; Nichiporuk, Brian; Radin, Andrew; Tkacheva, Olesya; Oberholtzer, Jenny (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> (PDF) (Report). Santa Monica, CA: <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>. p. 69. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091710/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Russia%27s+Operations+in+Crimea+and+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+CA&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kofman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Migacheva%2C+Katya&rft.au=Nichiporuk%2C+Brian&rft.au=Radin%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Tkacheva%2C+Olesya&rft.au=Oberholtzer%2C+Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1400%2FRR1498%2FRAND_RR1498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fedorov-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Fedorov_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFedorov2019" class="citation book cs1">Fedorov, Yury E. (2019). 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Retrieved 28 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Away+From+Show+of+Diplomacy+in+Geneva%2C+Putin+Puts+on+a+Show+of+His+Own&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.aulast=Herszenhorn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F18%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-ukraine.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhnRoberts2014" class="citation news cs1">Luhn, Alec; Roberts, Dan (23 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/22/russian-convoy-crosses-border-ukraine-without-permission">"Ukraine condemns 'direct invasion' as Russian aid convoy crosses border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224080656/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/22/russian-convoy-crosses-border-ukraine-without-permission">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine+condemns+%27direct+invasion%27+as+Russian+aid+convoy+crosses+border&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F22%2Frussian-convoy-crosses-border-ukraine-without-permission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolgov2014" class="citation news cs1">Dolgov, Anna (21 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/11/21/russias-igor-strelkov-i-am-responsible-for-war-in-eastern-ukraine-a41598">"Russia's Igor Strelkov: I Am Responsible for War in Eastern Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223204015/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/11/21/russias-igor-strelkov-i-am-responsible-for-war-in-eastern-ukraine-a41598">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Igor+Strelkov%3A+I+Am+Responsible+for+War+in+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft.aulast=Dolgov&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F21%2Frussias-igor-strelkov-i-am-responsible-for-war-in-eastern-ukraine-a41598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-de4-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-de4_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-de4_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofmanMigachevaNichiporukRadin2017" class="citation report cs1">Kofman, Michael; Migacheva, Katya; Nichiporuk, Brian; Radin, Andrew; Tkacheva, Olesya; Oberholtzer, Jenny (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> (PDF) (Report). Santa Monica, CA: <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>. p. 44. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091710/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Russia%27s+Operations+in+Crimea+and+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+CA&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kofman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Migacheva%2C+Katya&rft.au=Nichiporuk%2C+Brian&rft.au=Radin%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Tkacheva%2C+Olesya&rft.au=Oberholtzer%2C+Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1400%2FRR1498%2FRAND_RR1498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Daily_Beast-119"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Daily_Beast_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNemtsova2014" class="citation news cs1">Nemtsova, Anna (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/25/putin-s-number-one-gunman-in-ukraine-warns-him-of-possible-defeat.html">"Putin's Number One Gunman in Ukraine Warns Him of Possible Defeat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322082253/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/25/putin-s-number-one-gunman-in-ukraine-warns-him-of-possible-defeat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Number+One+Gunman+in+Ukraine+Warns+Him+of+Possible+Defeat&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.aulast=Nemtsova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F07%2F25%2Fputin-s-number-one-gunman-in-ukraine-warns-him-of-possible-defeat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy D. Snyder">Snyder, Timothy</a> (2018). The road to unfreedom : Russia, Europe, America (1st ed.). New York: Tim Duggan Books. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57446-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57446-0"><bdi>978-0-525-57446-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1029484935">1029484935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+road+to+unfreedom+%3A+Russia%2C+Europe%2C+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=191&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Tim+Duggan+Books&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1029484935&rft.isbn=978-0-525-57446-0&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC26AUGY2-121"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC26AUGY2_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28934213">"Captured Russian troops 'in Ukraine by accident'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 26 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423234507/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28934213">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Captured+Russian+troops+%27in+Ukraine+by+accident%27&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-28934213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2014" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Shaun (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/26/russia-admits-soldiers-in-ukraine">"Russia admits its soldiers have been caught in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Kyiv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022185148/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/26/russia-admits-soldiers-in-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+admits+its+soldiers+have+been+caught+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F26%2Frussia-admits-soldiers-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2014" class="citation journal cs1">Freedman, Lawrence (2 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00396338.2014.985432">"Ukraine and the Art of Limited War"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-iac/1702643-gerashchenko_kage_shcho_rosiya_napala_na_ukraiinu_shche_24_serpnya_1968630.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrinform&rft.atitle=Herashchenko+kazhe%2C+shcho+Rosiya+napala+na+Ukrayinu+shche+24+serpnya+%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%2C+%D1%89%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%83+%D1%89%D0%B5+24+%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Frubric-iac%2F1702643-gerashchenko_kage_shcho_rosiya_napala_na_ukraiinu_shche_24_serpnya_1968630.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.liga.net/news/politics/3032771-v_amvrosievku_voshli_rossiyskie_voyska_istochnik.htm">"V Amvrosiyevku voshli rossiyskiye voyska bez znakov otlichiya" <bdi lang="ru">В Амвросиевку вошли российские войска без знаков отличия</bdi></a> [Russian troops entered Amvrosievka without insignia]. Liga Novosti (in Russian). 24 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019095206/http://news.liga.net/news/politics/3032771-v_amvrosievku_voshli_rossiyskie_voyska_istochnik.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liga+Novosti&rft.atitle=V+Amvrosiyevku+voshli+rossiyskiye+voyska+bez+znakov+otlichiya+%D0%92+%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.liga.net%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F3032771-v_amvrosievku_voshli_rossiyskie_voyska_istochnik.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827011750/https://un.ua/eng/article/528688.html">"Poroshenko: ATO Is Ukraine's Patriotic War"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://un.ua/eng/article/528688.html">the original</a> on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2015. <q>President Petro Poroshenko considers the government's anti-terrorist operation (ATO) against separatists as Ukraine's patriotic war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poroshenko%3A+ATO+Is+Ukraine%27s+Patriotic+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fun.ua%2Feng%2Farticle%2F528688.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGearin2014" class="citation news cs1">Gearin, Mary (24 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-24/ukrainian-pows-marched-at-bayonet-point-through-donetsk/5692900">"Ukrainian POWs marched at bayonet-point through city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC (Australia)">ABC (Australia)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804222920/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-24/ukrainian-pows-marched-at-bayonet-point-through-donetsk/5692900">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+%28Australia%29&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+POWs+marched+at+bayonet-point+through+city&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft.aulast=Gearin&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-08-24%2Fukrainian-pows-marched-at-bayonet-point-through-donetsk%2F5692900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russian_Column_enters_southeast-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Russian_Column_enters_southeast_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeintz2014" class="citation web cs1">Heintz, Jim (25 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825144115/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-plans-billion-boost-defense-spending-25102664">"Ukraine: Russian Tank Column Enters Southeast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-plans-billion-boost-defense-spending-25102664">the original</a> on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+Russian+Tank+Column+Enters+Southeast&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft.aulast=Heintz&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fukraine-plans-billion-boost-defense-spending-25102664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Column_from_Russia-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Column_from_Russia_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28924945">"Ukraine crisis: 'Column from Russia' crosses border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 25 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825092843/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28924945">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+%27Column+from+Russia%27+crosses+border&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-28924945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-131"><a href="#cite_ref-npr_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2014" class="citation news cs1">Nelson, Soraya Sarhaddi (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827130939/https://www.npr.org/2014/08/26/343352054/russian-separatists-open-new-front-in-eastern-ukraine">"Russian Separatists Open New Front in Southern Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> (NPR). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2014/08/26/343352054/russian-separatists-open-new-front-in-eastern-ukraine">the original</a> on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+Separatists+Open+New+Front+in+Southern+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Soraya+Sarhaddi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2014%2F08%2F26%2F343352054%2Frussian-separatists-open-new-front-in-eastern-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNBCx1-132"><a href="#cite_ref-CNBCx1_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer" class="citation news cs1">Kramer, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140828041143/https://www.cnbc.com/id/101951821">"Ukraine Says Russian Forces Lead Major New Offensive in East"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/id/101951821">the original</a> on 28 August 2014. <q>Tanks, artillery and infantry have crossed from Russia into an unbreached part of eastern Ukraine in recent days, attacking Ukrainian forces and causing panic and wholesale retreat not only in this small border town but a wide swath of territory, in what Ukrainian and Western military officials are calling a stealth invasion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Says+Russian+Forces+Lead+Major+New+Offensive+in+East&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Fid%2F101951821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsevtkova2014" class="citation news cs1">Tsevtkova, Maria (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-fighters-idUSKBN0GQ1X520140826?irpc=932">"'Men in green' raise suspicions of east Ukrainian villagers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223120009/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-fighters-idUSKBN0GQ1X520140826?irpc=932">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2021. <q>Unidentified, heavily-armed strangers with Russian accents have appeared in an eastern Ukrainian village, arousing residents' suspicions despite Moscow's denials that its troops have deliberately infiltrated the frontier.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Men+in+green%27+raise+suspicions+of+east+Ukrainian+villagers&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Tsevtkova&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-fighters-idUSKBN0GQ1X520140826%3Firpc%3D932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoweTsvetkova2014" class="citation news cs1">Lowe, Christian; Tsvetkova, Maria (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-ukraine-crisis-novoazovsk-idUKKBN0GQ19Y20140826">"In Ukraine, an armoured column appears out of nowhere"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311001400/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-ukraine-crisis-novoazovsk-idUKKBN0GQ19Y20140826">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+Ukraine%2C+an+armoured+column+appears+out+of+nowhere&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Tsvetkova%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-ukraine-crisis-novoazovsk-idUKKBN0GQ19Y20140826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPTowns-135"><a href="#cite_ref-WPTowns_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowenGearan2014" class="citation news cs1">Gowen, Annie; Gearan, Anne (28 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russian-and-ukraine-troops-battle-in-south-prompting-fears-of-widescale-invasion/2014/08/28/04b614f4-9a6e-40f4-aa21-4f49104cf0e4_story.html">"Russian armored columns said to capture key Ukrainian towns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025021021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russian-and-ukraine-troops-battle-in-south-prompting-fears-of-widescale-invasion/2014/08/28/04b614f4-9a6e-40f4-aa21-4f49104cf0e4_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russian+armored+columns+said+to+capture+key+Ukrainian+towns&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft.aulast=Gowen&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft.au=Gearan%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Frussian-and-ukraine-troops-battle-in-south-prompting-fears-of-widescale-invasion%2F2014%2F08%2F28%2F04b614f4-9a6e-40f4-aa21-4f49104cf0e4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiadomosci.gazeta.pl-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wiadomosci.gazeta.pl_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wiadomosci.gazeta.pl_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903081128/https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1%2C114881%2C16542864%2CJaceniuk__Putin_rozpoczal_wojne_w_Europie__chcemy.html?entry=1231554">"NATO: 1000 rosyjskich żołnierzy działa na Ukrainie. A Rosja znów: Nie przekraczaliśmy granicy [NA ŻYWO]"</a>. gazeta.pl (in Polish). 28 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114881,16542864,Jaceniuk__Putin_rozpoczal_wojne_w_Europie__chcemy.html?entry=1231554">the original</a> on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gazeta.pl&rft.atitle=NATO%3A+1000+rosyjskich+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierzy+dzia%C5%82a+na+Ukrainie.+A+Rosja+zn%C3%B3w%3A+Nie+przekraczali%C5%9Bmy+granicy+%5BNA+%C5%BBYWO%5D&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.gazeta.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2F1%2C114881%2C16542864%2CJaceniuk__Putin_rozpoczal_wojne_w_Europie__chcemy.html%3Fentry%3D1231554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28963310">"BBC:Ukraine crisis: 'Thousands of Russians' fighting in east, August 28"</a>. BBC News. 28 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213050348/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28963310">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC%3AUkraine+crisis%3A+%27Thousands+of+Russians%27+fighting+in+east%2C+August+28&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-28963310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday0x01-138"><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday0x01_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/08/28/ukraine-town-under-rebel-control/14724767/">"U.S. says Russia has 'outright lied' about Ukraine"</a>. USA Today. 28 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831183052/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/08/28/ukraine-town-under-rebel-control/14724767/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+says+Russia+has+%27outright+lied%27+about+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2014%2F08%2F28%2Fukraine-town-under-rebel-control%2F14724767%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mil.gov.ua/news/2014/08/21/sili-ato-aktivno-nastupayut-teroristi-najmanczi-nesut-chimali-vtrati/">"Syly ATO aktyvno nastupayutʹ. Terorysty-naymantsi nesutʹ chymali vtraty" <bdi lang="uk">Сили АТО активно наступають. Терористи-найманці несуть чималі втрати</bdi></a> [ATO forces are actively advancing. Mercenary terrorists suffer heavy losses]. Міністерство оборони України (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222180816/https://www.mil.gov.ua/news/2014/08/21/sili-ato-aktivno-nastupayut-teroristi-najmanczi-nesut-chimali-vtrati/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Syly+ATO+aktyvno+nastupayut%CA%B9.+Terorysty-naymantsi+nesut%CA%B9+chymali+vtraty+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C.+%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96+%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mil.gov.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F08%2F21%2Fsili-ato-aktivno-nastupayut-teroristi-najmanczi-nesut-chimali-vtrati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-funerals-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-funerals_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-funerals_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2014" class="citation news cs1">Morgan, Martin (5 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29078465">"Russia 'will react' to EU sanctions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129053756/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29078465">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+%27will+react%27+to+EU+sanctions&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-29078465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred2014" class="citation news cs1">Alfred, Charlotte (6 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/06/elena-racheva_n_5774138.html">"Russian Journalist: 'Convincing Evidence' Moscow Sent Fighters To Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019092222/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/06/elena-racheva_n_5774138.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+Journalist%3A+%27Convincing+Evidence%27+Moscow+Sent+Fighters+To+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-09-06&rft.aulast=Alfred&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F09%2F06%2Felena-racheva_n_5774138.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShlosbergSoldiers-142"><a href="#cite_ref-ShlosbergSoldiers_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarketin2014" class="citation news cs1">Warketin, Alexander (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150505183627/http://www.dw.de/disowned-and-forgotten-russian-soldiers-in-ukraine/a-17888902">"Disowned and forgotten: Russian soldiers in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.de/disowned-and-forgotten-russian-soldiers-in-ukraine/a-17888902">the original</a> on 5 May 2015. 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Retrieved 11 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Putin+Is+Winning+the+Ukraine+War+on+Three+Fronts&rft.date=2015-01-26&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Michael+Weiss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F01%2F26%2Fukraine-is-losing-the-war-on-3-fronts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacqua2015" class="citation news cs1">Lacqua, Francine (21 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-21/ukraine-s-poroshenko-sees-grave-danger-of-escalating-violence">"Ukraine Talks Start as Poroshenko Warns of an Escalation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003102618/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-21/ukraine-s-poroshenko-sees-grave-danger-of-escalating-violence">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021. 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Retrieved 7 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+%27can%27t+stop+Russian+armour%27&rft.date=2015-02-06&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-31164822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/27/kurt-volker-the-full-transcript-215868">Kurt Volker: The Full Transcript</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224090516/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/27/kurt-volker-the-full-transcript-215868/">Archived</a> 24 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> (27 November 2017) </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/kyiv-says-6000-russian-soldiers-40000-separatists-donbas.html">"Kyiv says there are about 6,000 Russian soldiers, 40,000 separatists in Donbas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 11 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013707/https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/kyiv-says-6000-russian-soldiers-40000-separatists-donbas.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Kyiv+says+there+are+about+6%2C000+Russian+soldiers%2C+40%2C000+separatists+in+Donbas&rft.date=2017-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fukraine-politics%2Fkyiv-says-6000-russian-soldiers-40000-separatists-donbas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2017" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Christopher (30 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-creeping-offensive-escalation-fighting/28268104.html">"Anxious Ukraine Risks Escalation In 'Creeping Offensive'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222030958/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-creeping-offensive-escalation-fighting/28268104.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Anxious+Ukraine+Risks+Escalation+In+%27Creeping+Offensive%27&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fukraine-russia-creeping-offensive-escalation-fighting%2F28268104.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian20150119-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian20150119_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhn2015" class="citation news cs1">Luhn, Alec (19 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/19/russia-official-silence-for-families-troops-killed-in-ukraine">"They were never there: Russia's silence for families of troops killed in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201040735/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/19/russia-official-silence-for-families-troops-killed-in-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=They+were+never+there%3A+Russia%27s+silence+for+families+of+troops+killed+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fjan%2F19%2Frussia-official-silence-for-families-troops-killed-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RuamlKP-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RuamlKP_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RuamlKP_174-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2015" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Allison (25 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/russia-trolls-world-by-saying-it-cannot-stop-its-citizens-from-fighting-in-ukraine-392006.html">"Russia trolls world by saying it cannot stop its citizens from fighting in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227083929/https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/russia-trolls-world-by-saying-it-cannot-stop-its-citizens-from-fighting-in-ukraine-392006.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Russia+trolls+world+by+saying+it+cannot+stop+its+citizens+from+fighting+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Farticle%2Fcontent%2Fwar-against-ukraine%2Frussia-trolls-world-by-saying-it-cannot-stop-its-citizens-from-fighting-in-ukraine-392006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NW296937-175"><a href="#cite_ref-NW296937_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRupert2015" class="citation news cs1">Rupert, James (5 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/how-russians-are-sent-fight-ukraine-296937">"How Russians Are Sent to Fight in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225050150/https://www.newsweek.com/how-russians-are-sent-fight-ukraine-296937">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Russians+Are+Sent+to+Fight+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2015-01-05&rft.aulast=Rupert&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fhow-russians-are-sent-fight-ukraine-296937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/head-of-sverdlovsk-special-forces-veterans-union-i-help-to-send-volunteers-to-war-in-ukraine-376160.html">"Head of Sverdlovsk special forces veterans union: 'I help to send volunteers to war in Ukraine'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 26 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909211211/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/head-of-sverdlovsk-special-forces-veterans-union-i-help-to-send-volunteers-to-war-in-ukraine-376160.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Head+of+Sverdlovsk+special+forces+veterans+union%3A+%27I+help+to+send+volunteers+to+war+in+Ukraine%27&rft.date=2014-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fkyiv-post-plus%2Fhead-of-sverdlovsk-special-forces-veterans-union-i-help-to-send-volunteers-to-war-in-ukraine-376160.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozakov2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Kozakov, Ilya (24 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e1.ru/news/spool/news_id-416966.html"><bdi lang="ru">Глава фонда свердловских ветеранов спецназа: 'Я помогаю добровольцам отправиться воевать на Украину'</bdi></a> [Head of spetsnaz veteran fund in Sverdlovsk: 'I'm helping volunteers go to the war in Ukraine']. E1.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180850/https://www.e1.ru/news/spool/news_id-416966.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%3A+%27%D0%AF+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8E+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%27&rft.pub=E1.ru&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Kozakov&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e1.ru%2Fnews%2Fspool%2Fnews_id-416966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interpretermag.com/russians-used-humanitarian-convoys-to-send-militants-into-ukraine-russian-organizer-of-this-effort-says/">"Russians Used Humanitarian Convoys to Send Militants into Ukraine, Russian Organizer Says"</a>. The Interpreter Magazine. 26 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224231111/https://www.interpretermag.com/russians-used-humanitarian-convoys-to-send-militants-into-ukraine-russian-organizer-of-this-effort-says/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russians+Used+Humanitarian+Convoys+to+Send+Militants+into+Ukraine%2C+Russian+Organizer+Says&rft.pub=The+Interpreter+Magazine&rft.date=2014-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpretermag.com%2Frussians-used-humanitarian-convoys-to-send-militants-into-ukraine-russian-organizer-of-this-effort-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interpretermag.com/red-cross-official-says-moscow-used-humanitarian-convoys-to-ship-arms-to-militants-in-ukraine/">"Red Cross Official Says Moscow Used 'Humanitarian' Convoys to Ship Arms to Militants in Ukraine"</a>. The Interpreter Magazine. 28 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224231100/https://www.interpretermag.com/red-cross-official-says-moscow-used-humanitarian-convoys-to-ship-arms-to-militants-in-ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Cross+Official+Says+Moscow+Used+%27Humanitarian%27+Convoys+to+Ship+Arms+to+Militants+in+Ukraine&rft.pub=The+Interpreter+Magazine&rft.date=2014-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpretermag.com%2Fred-cross-official-says-moscow-used-humanitarian-convoys-to-ship-arms-to-militants-in-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DW150624-180"><a href="#cite_ref-DW150624_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheise2015" class="citation news cs1">Theise, Eugen (24 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/osce-caught-in-the-crossfire-of-the-ukraine-propaganda-war/a-18539289">"OSCE caught in the crossfire of the Ukraine propaganda war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314145408/https://www.dw.com/en/osce-caught-in-the-crossfire-of-the-ukraine-propaganda-war/a-18539289">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=OSCE+caught+in+the+crossfire+of+the+Ukraine+propaganda+war&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft.aulast=Theise&rft.aufirst=Eugen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fosce-caught-in-the-crossfire-of-the-ukraine-propaganda-war%2Fa-18539289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/feature/2016/08/22/besedy-sergeya-glazieva-o-kryme-i-besporyadkah-na-vostoke-ukrainy-rasshifrovka"><bdi lang="ru">Беседы 'Сергея Глазьева' о Крыме и беспорядках на востоке Украины. Расшифровка — Meduza</bdi></a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127200812/https://meduza.io/feature/2016/08/22/besedy-sergeya-glazieva-o-kryme-i-besporyadkah-na-vostoke-ukrainy-rasshifrovka">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B+%27%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%27+%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+Meduza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Ffeature%2F2016%2F08%2F22%2Fbesedy-sergeya-glazieva-o-kryme-i-besporyadkah-na-vostoke-ukrainy-rasshifrovka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmore2016" class="citation news cs1">Whitmore, Brian (26 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/content/podcast-the-tale-of-the-tape-power-vertical/27948424.html">"Podcast: The Tale Of The Tape"</a>. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923034216/http://www.rferl.org/content/podcast-the-tale-of-the-tape-power-vertical/27948424.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=Podcast%3A+The+Tale+Of+The+Tape&rft.date=2016-08-26&rft.aulast=Whitmore&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Fpodcast-the-tale-of-the-tape-power-vertical%2F27948424.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUapositon2016" class="citation news cs1">Uapositon (29 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uaposition.com/analysis-opinion/english-translation-audio-evidence-putins-adviser-glazyev-russian-politicians-involvement-war-ukraine/">"English translation of audio evidence of Putin's Adviser Glazyev and other Russian politicians involvement in war in Ukraine"</a>. Uaposition. Focus on Ukraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226202441/https://uaposition.com/analysis-opinion/english-translation-audio-evidence-putins-adviser-glazyev-russian-politicians-involvement-war-ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uaposition.+Focus+on+Ukraine&rft.atitle=English+translation+of+audio+evidence+of+Putin%27s+Adviser+Glazyev+and+other+Russian+politicians+involvement+in+war+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft.au=Uapositon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuaposition.com%2Fanalysis-opinion%2Fenglish-translation-audio-evidence-putins-adviser-glazyev-russian-politicians-involvement-war-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmland2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Umland, Andreas (25 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raamoprusland.nl/dossiers/oekraine/359-glazyev-tapes-what-moscow-s-interference-in-ukraine-means-for-the-minsk-agreements">"Glazyev Tapes: What Moscow's interference in Ukraine means for the Minsk Agreements"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia-Ukraine+sea+clash+in+300+words&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46345697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-comments/2018/the-kerch-strait-incident">"The Kerch Strait incident"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>. 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Retrieved 26 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Kiev+declares+martial+law+after+Russian+seizure+of+Ukrainian+ships+in+Black+Sea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-ukraine-live-latest-update-martial-law-black-sea-ships-navy-crisis-a8651736.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-radiofree-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-radiofree_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-radiofree_189-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/two-ukrainian-soldiers-killed-over-bloody-weekend-in-donbas/30413810.html">"Two Ukrainian Soldiers Killed Over Bloody Weekend In Donbas"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Two+Ukrainian+Soldiers+Killed+Over+Bloody+Weekend+In+Donbas&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Ftwo-ukrainian-soldiers-killed-over-bloody-weekend-in-donbas%2F30413810.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetz2019" class="citation web cs1">Betz, Bradford (29 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/ukraine-pro-russian-separatists-swap-prisoners">"Ukraine, pro-Russian separatists swap prisoners in step to end 5-year war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226151721/https://www.foxnews.com/world/ukraine-pro-russian-separatists-swap-prisoners">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2021. 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Retrieved 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France%27s+Macron%2C+Germany%27s+Merkel+welcome+prisoner+swap+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-france-germany-idUSKBN1YX0F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25ugINyLZfk">Ukraine government and separatists begin prisoners swap</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>. 29 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226151716/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25ugINyLZfk">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2021. 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Retrieved 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kremlin+defends+Russian+military+buildup+on+Ukraine+border&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fapr%2F09%2Fkremlin-officials-say-russia-will-not-stand-aside-if-kyiv-launches-assault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-sees-russias-issuance-passports-eastern-ukraine-step-towards-annexation-2021-05-20/">"Zelenskiy: Russian passports in Donbass are a step towards 'annexation'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 20 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222035419/https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-sees-russias-issuance-passports-eastern-ukraine-step-towards-annexation-2021-05-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. 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Retrieved 27 February 2022. <q>[B]ottom line is the 'Z' markings (and others like it) are a deconfliction measure to help prevent fratricide, or friendly fire incidents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Task+%26+Purpose&rft.atitle=Here%27s+what+those+mysterious+white+%27Z%27+markings+on+Russian+military+equipment+may+mean&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Schogol&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaskandpurpose.com%2Fanalysis%2Frussian-military-equipment-white-markings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-denials-199"><a href="#cite_ref-denials_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2022" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Adam (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/ukraine-russia-denials/">"Russia's attack on Ukraine came after months of denials it would attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Photograph by <a href="/wiki/Evgeniy_Maloletka" title="Evgeniy Maloletka">Evgeniy Maloletka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>). <a href="/wiki/Nash_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nash Holdings">Nash Holdings</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2269358">2269358</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220224205233/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/ukraine-russia-denials/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022. <q>On Sunday ... 'There is no invasion. There is no such plans,' Antonov said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+attack+on+Ukraine+came+after+months+of+denials+it+would+attack&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2269358&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F02%2F24%2Fukraine-russia-denials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-putin-invasion-after-denials-now-says-no-occupation-plan">"Putin attacked Ukraine after insisting for months there was no plan to do so. Now he says there's no plan to take over"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>: <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> (published 22 February 2022). 24 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-putin-invasion-after-denials-now-says-no-occupation-plan">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Putin+attacked+Ukraine+after+insisting+for+months+there+was+no+plan+to+do+so.+Now+he+says+there%27s+no+plan+to+take+over.&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Frussia-ukraine-putin-invasion-after-denials-now-says-no-occupation-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisSonne2021" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Shane; Sonne, Paul (3 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/russia-ukraine-invasion/2021/12/03/98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html">"Russia planning massive military offensive against Ukraine involving 175,000 troops, U.S. intelligence warns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nash_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nash Holdings">Nash Holdings</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230180238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/russia-ukraine-invasion/2021/12/03/98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022. <q>[U].S. intelligence has found the Kremlin is planning a multi-frontal offensive as soon as early next year involving up to 175,000 troops ... .</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russia+planning+massive+military+offensive+against+Ukraine+involving+175%2C000+troops%2C+U.S.+intelligence+warns&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Sonne%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Frussia-ukraine-invasion%2F2021%2F12%2F03%2F98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-diditmatter-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diditmatter_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diditmatter_202-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerchant2022" class="citation news cs1">Merchant, Normaan (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-business-europe-8acc2106b95554429e93dfee5e253743">"US intel predicted Russia's invasion plans. Did it matter?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Photographs by Alexei Alexandrov and Alex Brandon (AP Photo). <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-business-europe-8acc2106b95554429e93dfee5e253743">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=US+intel+predicted+Russia%27s+invasion+plans.+Did+it+matter%3F&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Merchant&rft.aufirst=Normaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-business-europe-8acc2106b95554429e93dfee5e253743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/10/putin-says-conflict-in-eastern-ukraine-looks-like-genocide-a75780">"Putin Says Conflict in Eastern Ukraine 'Looks Like Genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 10 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221082440/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/10/putin-says-conflict-in-eastern-ukraine-looks-like-genocide-a75780">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Says+Conflict+in+Eastern+Ukraine+%27Looks+Like+Genocide%27&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F10%2Fputin-says-conflict-in-eastern-ukraine-looks-like-genocide-a75780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2021/12/09/putin-zaiavil-o-genocide-na-donbasse.html">"Путин заявил о геноциде на Донбассе"</a> [Putin announced the genocide in the Donbas]. <a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a> (in Russian). 9 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222212644/https://rg.ru/2021/12/09/putin-zaiavil-o-genocide-na-donbasse.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2021%2F12%2F09%2Fputin-zaiavil-o-genocide-na-donbasse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-animating-205"><a href="#cite_ref-animating_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley">Stanley, Jason</a> (26 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/vladimir-putin-ukraine-attack-antisemitism-denazify">"The antisemitism animating Putin's claim to 'denazify' Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/vladimir-putin-ukraine-attack-antisemitism-denazify">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+antisemitism+animating+Putin%27s+claim+to+%27denazify%27+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fvladimir-putin-ukraine-attack-antisemitism-denazify&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/60477712">"Ukraine crisis: Vladimir Putin address fact-checked"</a>. BBC News. 22 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223162137/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/60477712">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Vladimir+Putin+address+fact-checked&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F60477712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Laban_Hinton" title="Alexander Laban Hinton">Hinton, Alexander</a> (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/putins-claims-that-ukraine-is-committing-genocide-are-baseless-but-not-unprecedented-177511">"Putin's claims that Ukraine is committing genocide are baseless, but not unprecedented"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://theconversation.com/putins-claims-that-ukraine-is-committing-genocide-are-baseless-but-not-unprecedented-177511">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+claims+that+Ukraine+is+committing+genocide+are+baseless%2C+but+not+unprecedented&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fputins-claims-that-ukraine-is-committing-genocide-are-baseless-but-not-unprecedented-177511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/news/disinformation-about-current-russia-ukraine-conflict-seven-myths-debunked-2022-01-24_en">"Disinformation About the Current Russia-Ukraine Conflict – Seven Myths Debunked"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_European_Neighbourhood_Policy_and_Enlargement_Negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations">Directorate-General for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations</a> (Press release). 24 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218045942/https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/news/disinformation-about-current-russia-ukraine-conflict-seven-myths-debunked-2022-01-24_en">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disinformation+About+the+Current+Russia-Ukraine+Conflict+%E2%80%93+Seven+Myths+Debunked&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fneighbourhood-enlargement%2Fnews%2Fdisinformation-about-current-russia-ukraine-conflict-seven-myths-debunked-2022-01-24_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/">"Extracts from Putin's speech on Ukraine"</a>. Reuters. 21 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extracts+from+Putin%27s+speech+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fextracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDüben2020" class="citation web cs1">Düben, Björn Alexander (1 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lseih/2020/07/01/there-is-no-ukraine-fact-checking-the-kremlins-version-of-ukrainian-history/">"'There is no Ukraine': Fact-Checking the Kremlin's Version of Ukrainian History"</a>. LSE International History. <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219195429/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lseih/2020/07/01/there-is-no-ukraine-fact-checking-the-kremlins-version-of-ukrainian-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LSE+International+History&rft.atitle=%27There+is+no+Ukraine%27%3A+Fact-Checking+the+Kremlin%27s+Version+of+Ukrainian+History&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.aulast=D%C3%BCben&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Flseih%2F2020%2F07%2F01%2Fthere-is-no-ukraine-fact-checking-the-kremlins-version-of-ukrainian-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Putin_Ukraine_statehood-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Putin_Ukraine_statehood_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrigo2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Perrigo, Billy (22 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6150046/ukraine-statehood-russia-history-putin/">"How Putin's Denial of Ukraine's Statehood Rewrites History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222200708/https://time.com/6150046/ukraine-statehood-russia-history-putin/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=How+Putin%27s+Denial+of+Ukraine%27s+Statehood+Rewrites+History&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Perrigo&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6150046%2Fukraine-statehood-russia-history-putin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wp-20211203-212"><a href="#cite_ref-wp-20211203_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisSonne2021" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Shane; Sonne, Paul (3 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/russia-ukraine-invasion/2021/12/03/98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html">"Russia planning massive military offensive against Ukraine involving 175,000 troops, U.S. intelligence warns"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230180238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/russia-ukraine-invasion/2021/12/03/98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russia+planning+massive+military+offensive+against+Ukraine+involving+175%2C000+troops%2C+U.S.+intelligence+warns&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Sonne%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Frussia-ukraine-invasion%2F2021%2F12%2F03%2F98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_17_Dec_21-213"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_17_Dec_21_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTétrault-FarberBalmforth2021" class="citation news cs1">Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle; Balmforth, Tom (17 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-unveils-security-guarantees-says-western-response-not-encouraging-2021-12-17/">"Russia demands NATO roll back from East Europe and stay out of Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222081106/https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-unveils-security-guarantees-says-western-response-not-encouraging-2021-12-17/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia+demands+NATO+roll+back+from+East+Europe+and+stay+out+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2021-12-17&rft.aulast=T%C3%A9trault-Farber&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft.au=Balmforth%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Frussia-unveils-security-guarantees-says-western-response-not-encouraging-2021-12-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzayna1997" class="citation web cs1">Szayna, Thomas S. 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Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Enlargement+of+NATO+and+Central+European+Politics&rft.pub=Woodrow+Wilson+International+Center+for+Scholars&rft.date=1997-10-29&rft.aulast=Szayna&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Fpublication%2F142-the-enlargement-nato-and-central-european-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyer2022" class="citation news cs1">Coyer, Cassandre (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article258774458.html">"Why is Ukraine not in NATO and is it too late to join? Here's what experts, NATO say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Miami_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Miami Herald">The Miami Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article258774458.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Why+is+Ukraine+not+in+NATO+and+is+it+too+late+to+join%3F+Here%27s+what+experts%2C+NATO+say&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Coyer&rft.aufirst=Cassandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Farticle258774458.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/nato-russia-ukraine-invasion-18619fd7-be80-4d37-86f8-fcebcb1fbe8a.html">"NATO chief: 'Russia has no right to establish a sphere of influence'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. 1 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214172403/https://www.axios.com/nato-russia-ukraine-invasion-18619fd7-be80-4d37-86f8-fcebcb1fbe8a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=NATO+chief%3A+%27Russia+has+no+right+to+establish+a+sphere+of+influence%27&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fnato-russia-ukraine-invasion-18619fd7-be80-4d37-86f8-fcebcb1fbe8a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-united-states-moscow-72856781c3b92640d03c5e954488ba90">"US offers no concessions in response to Russia on Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 26 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001143405/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-united-states-moscow-72856781c3b92640d03c5e954488ba90">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=US+offers+no+concessions+in+response+to+Russia+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-europe-russia-united-states-moscow-72856781c3b92640d03c5e954488ba90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnonMorrow2022" class="citation news cs1">MacKinnon, Mark; Morrow, Adrian (18 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-sirens-wail-in-southeast-ukraine-as-civilians-told-to-evacuate-pro/">"Biden 'convinced' Putin will invade Ukraine as Donbas region ordered evacuated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911071412/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-sirens-wail-in-southeast-ukraine-as-civilians-told-to-evacuate-pro/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Biden+%27convinced%27+Putin+will+invade+Ukraine+as+Donbas+region+ordered+evacuated&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Morrow%2C+Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fworld%2Farticle-sirens-wail-in-southeast-ukraine-as-civilians-told-to-evacuate-pro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2022" class="citation web cs1">Brown, David (17 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60158694">"Ukraine: How big is Russia's military build-up?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Photograph by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Defence_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Defence Ministry">Russian Defence Ministry</a>; Graphics by Sandra Rodriguez Chillida and Prina Shah. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223070711/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60158694">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+How+big+is+Russia%27s+military+build-up%3F&rft.date=2022-02-17&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-60158694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalmazanShabadWilliams2022" class="citation web cs1">Talmazan, Yuliya; Shabad, Rebecca; Williams, Abigail (17 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/west-accuses-russia-of-trying-to-create-pretext-for-invasion-after-shelling-in-east-ukraine/ar-AATZcQu?ocid=uxbndlbing">"Ukraine, West accuse Russia of trying to create pretext for invasion after shelling in east"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222062307/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/west-accuses-russia-of-trying-to-create-pretext-for-invasion-after-shelling-in-east-ukraine/ar-AATZcQu?ocid=uxbndlbing">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine%2C+West+accuse+Russia+of+trying+to+create+pretext+for+invasion+after+shelling+in+east&rft.date=2022-02-17&rft.aulast=Talmazan&rft.aufirst=Yuliya&rft.au=Shabad%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Williams%2C+Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fwest-accuses-russia-of-trying-to-create-pretext-for-invasion-after-shelling-in-east-ukraine%2Far-AATZcQu%3Focid%3Duxbndlbing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhurshudyanHendrix2022" class="citation news cs1">Khurshudyan, Isabelle; Hendrix, Steve (19 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/19/ukraine-russia-war-donbas/">"In Ukraine's war-weary east, intensifying shelling and battered homes signal attempts at provocation by Russia"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224014610/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/19/ukraine-russia-war-donbas/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+Ukraine%27s+war-weary+east%2C+intensifying+shelling+and+battered+homes+signal+attempts+at+provocation+by+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-19&rft.aulast=Khurshudyan&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft.au=Hendrix%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F02%2F19%2Fukraine-russia-war-donbas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonomarenko2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Illia_Ponomarenko" title="Illia Ponomarenko">Ponomarenko, Illia</a> (18 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivindependent.com/national/over-40-shelling-incidents-leave-5-injured-in-donbas/">"47 shelling incidents leave 5 injured in Donbas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Kyiv_Independent" title="The Kyiv Independent">The Kyiv Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217205001/https://kyivindependent.com/national/over-40-shelling-incidents-leave-5-injured-in-donbas/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Independent&rft.atitle=47+shelling+incidents+leave+5+injured+in+Donbas&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Ponomarenko&rft.aufirst=Illia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivindependent.com%2Fnational%2Fover-40-shelling-incidents-leave-5-injured-in-donbas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolvach2022" class="citation web cs1">Volvach, Yaroslava (18 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.nv.ua/nation/how-russian-proxies-are-attempting-to-provoke-the-ukrainian-army-lying-about-a-ukrainian-offensive-50218033.html">"How Russian proxy forces are attempting to provoke the Ukrainian army and are lying about a new Ukrainian offensive"</a>. NV.UA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218180147/https://english.nv.ua/nation/how-russian-proxies-are-attempting-to-provoke-the-ukrainian-army-lying-about-a-ukrainian-offensive-50218033.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Russian+proxy+forces+are+attempting+to+provoke+the+Ukrainian+army+and+are+lying+about+a+new+Ukrainian+offensive&rft.pub=NV.UA&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Volvach&rft.aufirst=Yaroslava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.nv.ua%2Fnation%2Fhow-russian-proxies-are-attempting-to-provoke-the-ukrainian-army-lying-about-a-ukrainian-offensive-50218033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/east-ukraine-shelling-russian-invasion-fears-putin-pretext-rcna16773">"Russian-backed separatists announce civilian evacuation from eastern Ukraine as escalation stokes Russian invasion fears"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 18 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223132456/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/east-ukraine-shelling-russian-invasion-fears-putin-pretext-rcna16773">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian-backed+separatists+announce+civilian+evacuation+from+eastern+Ukraine+as+escalation+stokes+Russian+invasion+fears&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feast-ukraine-shelling-russian-invasion-fears-putin-pretext-rcna16773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Alexander (18 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/warning-siren-sounds-in-rebel-held-capital-in-east-ukraine-reuters-witness/ar-AAU29BV?ocid=entnewsntp">"Warning siren sounds in rebel-held capital in east Ukraine -Reuters witness"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN News">MSN News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224032724/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/warning-siren-sounds-in-rebel-held-capital-in-east-ukraine-reuters-witness/ar-AAU29BV?ocid=entnewsntp">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN+News&rft.atitle=Warning+siren+sounds+in+rebel-held+capital+in+east+Ukraine+-Reuters+witness&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fwarning-siren-sounds-in-rebel-held-capital-in-east-ukraine-reuters-witness%2Far-AAU29BV%3Focid%3Dentnewsntp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60443504">"Ukraine conflict: Rebels declare general mobilisation as fighting grows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219100114/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60443504">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+conflict%3A+Rebels+declare+general+mobilisation+as+fighting+grows&rft.date=2022-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-60443504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLight2022" class="citation news cs1">Light, Felix (20 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/20/in-the-closest-russian-city-to-ukraines-separatist-region-there-are-few-signs-of-refugees-a76473">"In the Closest Russian City to Ukraine's Separatist Region, There Are Few Signs of Refugees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220074941/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/20/in-the-closest-russian-city-to-ukraines-separatist-region-there-are-few-signs-of-refugees-a76473">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Closest+Russian+City+to+Ukraine%27s+Separatist+Region%2C+There+Are+Few+Signs+of+Refugees&rft.date=2022-02-20&rft.aulast=Light&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F20%2Fin-the-closest-russian-city-to-ukraines-separatist-region-there-are-few-signs-of-refugees-a76473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ViceDisinfo-228">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ViceDisinfo_228-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ViceDisinfo_228-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2022" class="citation web cs1">Gilbert, David (21 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/88gdj3/russia-disinformation-campaign-bombing-ukraine">"Russia's 'Idiotic' Disinformation Campaign Could Still Lead to War in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221194550/https://www.vice.com/en/article/88gdj3/russia-disinformation-campaign-bombing-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+%27Idiotic%27+Disinformation+Campaign+Could+Still+Lead+to+War+in+Ukraine&rft.pub=Vice+Media&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F88gdj3%2Frussia-disinformation-campaign-bombing-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellingcat_Investigation_Team2022" class="citation news cs1">Bellingcat Investigation Team (23 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/02/23/documenting-and-debunking-dubious-footage-from-ukraines-frontlines/">"Documenting and Debunking Dubious Footage from Ukraine's Frontlines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223204058/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/02/23/documenting-and-debunking-dubious-footage-from-ukraines-frontlines/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. 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Retrieved 22 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Dumb+and+lazy%27%3A+the+flawed+films+of+Ukrainian+%27attacks%27+made+by+Russia%27s+%27fake+factory%27&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.au=Roth%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Walker%2C+Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fdumb-and-lazy-the-flawed-films-of-ukrainian-attacks-made-by-russias-fake-factory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221215128/https://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828">"Address by the President of the Russian Federation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a>. 21 February 2022. 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Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Extracts+from+Putin%27s+speech+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fextracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKottasováQiblawiRegan2022" class="citation news cs1">Kottasová, Ivana; Qiblawi, Tamara; Regan, Helen (21 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnn.com/2022/02/21/europe/russia-ukraine-tensions-monday-intl/index.html">"Putin orders troops into separatist-held parts of Ukraine"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+orders+troops+into+separatist-held+parts+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft.aulast=Kottasov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Ivana&rft.au=Qiblawi%2C+Tamara&rft.au=Regan%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnn.com%2F2022%2F02%2F21%2Feurope%2Frussia-ukraine-tensions-monday-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpWrightBrown2022" class="citation news cs1">Philp, Catherine; Wright, Oliver; Brown, Larissa (22 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/putin-sends-tanks-into-ukraine-75dj973v8">"Putin sends Russian tanks into Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223032437/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/putin-sends-tanks-into-ukraine-75dj973v8">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+sends+Russian+tanks+into+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Philp&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Wright%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Brown%2C+Larissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fputin-sends-tanks-into-ukraine-75dj973v8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hodge_2022-235"><a href="#cite_ref-Hodge_2022_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge2022" class="citation web cs1">Hodge, Nathan (26 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-22-22/h_59a413ce984eda5954ce5b9c4655bcc5">"Russia's Federation Council gives consent to Putin on use of armed forces abroad, Russian agencies report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Moscow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-22-22/h_59a413ce984eda5954ce5b9c4655bcc5">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Federation+Council+gives+consent+to+Putin+on+use+of+armed+forces+abroad%2C+Russian+agencies+report&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Feurope%2Flive-news%2Fukraine-russia-news-02-22-22%2Fh_59a413ce984eda5954ce5b9c4655bcc5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinetsWilliams2022" class="citation news cs1">Zinets, Natalia; Williams, Matthias (22 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-president-calls-up-reservists-launches-programme-economic-patriotism-2022-02-22/">"Ukrainian president drafts reservists but rules out general mobilisation for now"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222235612/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-president-calls-up-reservists-launches-programme-economic-patriotism-2022-02-22/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+president+drafts+reservists+but+rules+out+general+mobilisation+for+now&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Zinets&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.au=Williams%2C+Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukrainian-president-calls-up-reservists-launches-programme-economic-patriotism-2022-02-22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2022" class="citation news cs1">Kingsley, Thomas (23 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-sanctions-ukraine-reservists-west-b2021165.html">"Ukraine to introduce a state of emergency and tells its citizens to leave Russia immediately"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224032730/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-sanctions-ukraine-reservists-west-b2021165.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. 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Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Says+Russia+Begins+Assault+in+the+East+After+Raining+Missiles+Nationwide&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.aulast=Arraf&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Nechepurenko%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Landler%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F18%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-russia-missiles-lviv-donbas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-says-remaining-531-azovstal-192141701.html">"Russia says remaining 531 Azovstal defenders surrender, steelworks siege over"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 March 2022. <q>Over a week into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the war has raged on, spurring the most serious humanitarian crisis in Europe since the wars in the Balkans in the 1990s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Soufan+Center&rft.atitle=IntelBrief%3A+China+Seeks+to+Balance+Its+Interests+as+Russia%27s+War+on+Ukraine+Intensifies&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesoufancenter.org%2Fintelbrief-2022-march-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaumont2022" class="citation web cs1">Beaumont, Peter (6 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/06/ukraine-fastest-growing-refugee-crisis-since-second-world-war">"Ukraine has fastest-growing refugee crisis since second world war, says UN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309104950/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/06/ukraine-fastest-growing-refugee-crisis-since-second-world-war">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2022. 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Retrieved 4 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Liz+Truss+mulls+seizure+of+Russian+assets+in+UK+to+give+to+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fjul%2F03%2Fliz-truss-mulls-seizure-of-russian-assets-in-uk-to-give-to-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/3/unga-resolution-against-ukraine-invasion-full-text">"UN resolution against Ukraine invasion: Full text"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 2 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303234448/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/3/unga-resolution-against-ukraine-invasion-full-text">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022. <q>The General Assembly ... [d]eplores in the strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in violation of Article 2 (4) of the Charter</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+resolution+against+Ukraine+invasion%3A+Full+text&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F3%2F3%2Funga-resolution-against-ukraine-invasion-full-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheffer2022" class="citation web cs1">Scheffer, David J. 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Retrieved 18 March 2022. <q>Russia's invasion of Ukraine constitutes the crime of aggression under international law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=Can+Russia+Be+Held+Accountable+for+War+Crimes+in+Ukraine%3F&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Scheffer&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Farticle%2Fcan-russia-be-held-accountable-war-crimes-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanctions_slams_Russian_economy-268"><a href="#cite_ref-Sanctions_slams_Russian_economy_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChernovaCotovioThompson2022" class="citation news cs1">Chernova, Anna; Cotovio, Vasco; Thompson, Mark (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/28/business/russia-ruble-banks-sanctions/index.html">"Sanctions slams Russian economy"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+a+Mistake+To+Turn+Away+Russian+Civilians+Fleeing+Conscription&rft.date=2022-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2F2022%2F09%2F26%2Fits-a-mistake-to-turn-away-russian-civilians-fleeing-conscription%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2022" class="citation news cs1">Dickson, Janice (30 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-putin-signs-documents-to-unlawfully-claim-4-ukrainian-regions-in/">"Putin signs documents to illegally annex four Ukrainian regions, in drastic escalation of Russia's war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001031159/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-putin-signs-documents-to-unlawfully-claim-4-ukrainian-regions-in/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022. 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Retrieved 3 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war+latest%3A+Putin+declares+four+areas+of+Ukraine+as+Russian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fworld-63077272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reason.com/2022/09/21/russians-are-fleeing-the-threat-of-conscription/">"Russians Are Fleeing the Threat of Conscription"</a>. 21 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026153845/https://reason.com/2022/09/21/russians-are-fleeing-the-threat-of-conscription/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2022. 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Retrieved 3 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+a+Kyiv+Suburb%2C%27They+Shot+Everyone+They+Saw%27&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Carlotta&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-russia-war-civilian-deaths.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-303"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_303-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumming-Bruce2022" class="citation news cs1">Cumming-Bruce, Nick (23 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/23/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-crimes-united-nations.html">"U.N. Experts find that war crimes have been committed in Ukraine"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+Experts+find+that+war+crimes+have+been+committed+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft.aulast=Cumming-Bruce&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F09%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-ukraine-war-crimes-united-nations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacias2022" class="citation web cs1">Macias, Amanda (28 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/28/russia-ukraine-war-un-report-details-accounts-of-rape-torture-and-executions.html">"UN report details horrifying Ukrainian accounts of rape, torture and executions by Russian troops"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325050132/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/28/russia-ukraine-war-un-report-details-accounts-of-rape-torture-and-executions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=UN+report+details+horrifying+Ukrainian+accounts+of+rape%2C+torture+and+executions+by+Russian+troops&rft.date=2022-10-28&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F10%2F28%2Frussia-ukraine-war-un-report-details-accounts-of-rape-torture-and-executions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-m185-305"><a href="#cite_ref-m185_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15550.doc.htm">"Russian Federation Launches One of Biggest Air Attacks on Ukraine Since Full-Scale Invasion Began, Killing Over 30 Civilians, Top UN Official Tells Security Council"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+Bucha%2C+the+scope+of+Russian+barbarity+is+coming+into+focus&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft.aulast=Bearak&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Loveluck%2C+Louisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F04%2F06%2Fbucha-barbarism-atrocities-russian-soldiers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thetimes2-308"><a href="#cite_ref-thetimes2_308-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallaghan2022" class="citation news cs1">Callaghan, Louise (2 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bodies-of-mutilated-children-among-horrors-the-russians-left-behind-5ddnkkwp2">"Bodies of mutilated children among horrors the Russians left behind"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220404113203/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bodies-of-mutilated-children-among-horrors-the-russians-left-behind-5ddnkkwp2">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Bodies+of+mutilated+children+among+horrors+the+Russians+left+behind&rft.date=2022-04-02&rft.aulast=Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fbodies-of-mutilated-children-among-horrors-the-russians-left-behind-5ddnkkwp2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-bucha-atrocities-civilians-russia/">"Ukraine documents alleged atrocities by retreating Russians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 3 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404110915/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-bucha-atrocities-civilians-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+documents+alleged+atrocities+by+retreating+Russians&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fukraine-bucha-atrocities-civilians-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohchr.org-310"><a href="#cite_ref-ohchr.org_310-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern">"UN report details summary executions of civilians by Russian troops in northern Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a> (Press release). 7 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230126141843/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+report+details+summary+executions+of+civilians+by+Russian+troops+in+northern+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2022%2F12%2Fun-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTondoHenleyBoffey2022" class="citation news cs1">Tondo, Lorenzo; Henley, Jon; Boffey, Daniel (20 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/20/russia-bombed-mariupol-art-school-sheltering-400-people-says-ukraine">"Ukraine: US condemns 'unconscionable' forced deportations of civilians from Mariupol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404100723/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/20/russia-bombed-mariupol-art-school-sheltering-400-people-says-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. 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Retrieved 28 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Children+Forcibly+Transferred+And+Subjected+To+Illegal+Adoptions&rft.date=2022-04-10&rft.aulast=Ochab&rft.aufirst=Ewelina+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fewelinaochab%2F2022%2F04%2F10%2Fukrainian-children-forcibly-transferred-and-subjected-to-illegal-adoptions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelbrecht2022" class="citation news cs1">Engelbrecht, Cora (29 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/29/world/europe/russian-soldiers-sexual-violence-ukraine.html">"Reports of sexual violence involving Russian soldiers are multiplying, Ukrainian officials say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329183657/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/29/world/europe/russian-soldiers-sexual-violence-ukraine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reports+of+sexual+violence+involving+Russian+soldiers+are+multiplying%2C+Ukrainian+officials+say.&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.aulast=Engelbrecht&rft.aufirst=Cora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussian-soldiers-sexual-violence-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60967463">"War in Ukraine: Street in Bucha found strewn with dead bodies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403134330/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60967463">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=War+in+Ukraine%3A+Street+in+Bucha+found+strewn+with+dead+bodies&rft.date=2022-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-60967463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/ukraine-emergency/situation-reports-(ukraine-specific)">"Situation reports (Ukraine-specific)"</a>. www.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231110191719/https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/ukraine-emergency/situation-reports-(ukraine-specific)">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=Situation+reports+%28Ukraine-specific%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Feurope%2Femergencies%2Fsituations%2Fukraine-emergency%2Fsituation-reports-%28ukraine-specific%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinnantKeaten2023" class="citation news cs1">Hinnant, Lori; Keaten, Jamey (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-russia-war-crimes-un-human-rights-c52676801b588a95a8410bc71b62d568">"UN-backed inquiry accuses Russia of war crimes in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413170128/https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-russia-war-crimes-un-human-rights-c52676801b588a95a8410bc71b62d568">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=UN-backed+inquiry+accuses+Russia+of+war+crimes+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Hinnant&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.au=Keaten%2C+Jamey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fukraine-russia-war-crimes-un-human-rights-c52676801b588a95a8410bc71b62d568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/03/war-crimes-indiscriminate-attacks-infrastructure-systematic-and-widespread">"War crimes, indiscriminate attacks on infrastructure, systematic and widespread torture show disregard for civilians, says UN Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine"</a>. OHCHR (Press release). 16 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316130444/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/03/war-crimes-indiscriminate-attacks-infrastructure-systematic-and-widespread">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+crimes%2C+indiscriminate+attacks+on+infrastructure%2C+systematic+and+widespread+torture+show+disregard+for+civilians%2C+says+UN+Commission+of+Inquiry+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F03%2Fwar-crimes-indiscriminate-attacks-infrastructure-systematic-and-widespread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_report_March_24-318">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_report_March_24_318-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_report_March_24_318-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147776">"UN report details 'climate of fear' in Russian occupied areas of Ukraine"</a>. UN News. 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=UN+report+details+%27climate+of+fear%27+in+Russian+occupied+areas+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2024%2F03%2F1147776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-occupation-passports-citizenship-fa49f7f348f6283ab06db0512fd23eda">"Takeaways into AP investigation into Russian system to force its passports on occupied Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Takeaways+into+AP+investigation+into+Russian+system+to+force+its+passports+on+occupied+Ukraine&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-war-occupation-passports-citizenship-fa49f7f348f6283ab06db0512fd23eda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen2024" class="citation web cs1">Ben, Bohdan (4 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euromaidanpress.com/2024/05/04/isw-russians-reportedly-threaten-to-take-newborns-away-in-occupied-luhansk-oblast-if-parents-dont-have-russian-citizenship/">"ISW: Russians reportedly threaten to take newborns away in occupied Luhansk Oblast if parents don't have Russian citizenship"</a>. Euromaidan Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euromaidan+Press&rft.atitle=ISW%3A+Russians+reportedly+threaten+to+take+newborns+away+in+occupied+Luhansk+Oblast+if+parents+don%27t+have+Russian+citizenship&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft.aulast=Ben&rft.aufirst=Bohdan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuromaidanpress.com%2F2024%2F05%2F04%2Fisw-russians-reportedly-threaten-to-take-newborns-away-in-occupied-luhansk-oblast-if-parents-dont-have-russian-citizenship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unn.ua/en/news/un-95percent-of-ukrainian-prisoners-of-war-tortured-in-russia">"UN: 95% of Ukrainian prisoners of war tortured in Russia"</a>. Українські національні новини.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.atitle=UN%3A+95%25+of+Ukrainian+prisoners+of+war+tortured+in+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funn.ua%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fun-95percent-of-ukrainian-prisoners-of-war-tortured-in-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine-322"><a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButenkoElbagirMezzofioreQiblawi2023" class="citation web cs1">Butenko, Victoria; Elbagir, Nima; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Qiblawi, Tamara; Goodwin, Allegra; Carey, Andrew; Munsi, Pallabi; Zene, Mahamat Tahir; Arvanitidis, Barbara; Platt, Alex; Baron, Mark; Lauren, Kent (19 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html">"Ukraine's special services 'likely' behind strikes on Wagner-backed forces in Sudan, a Ukrainian military source says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011090624/https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+special+services+%27likely%27+behind+strikes+on+Wagner-backed+forces+in+Sudan%2C+a+Ukrainian+military+source+says&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft.aulast=Butenko&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Elbagir%2C+Nima&rft.au=Mezzofiore%2C+Gianluca&rft.au=Qiblawi%2C+Tamara&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+Allegra&rft.au=Carey%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Munsi%2C+Pallabi&rft.au=Zene%2C+Mahamat+Tahir&rft.au=Arvanitidis%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Platt%2C+Alex&rft.au=Baron%2C+Mark&rft.au=Lauren%2C+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F09%2F19%2Fafrica%2Fukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltman2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Altman" title="Howard Altman">Altman, Howard</a> (22 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/exclusive-interview-with-ukraines-spy-boss-from-his-dc-hotel-room">"Exclusive Interview With Ukraine's Spy Boss From His D.C. Hotel Room"</a>. The War Zone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924010645/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/exclusive-interview-with-ukraines-spy-boss-from-his-dc-hotel-room">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023. <q>TWZ: (...) Were you guys involved with the attack on a Wagner-backed militia in Sudan? CNN reported that Ukrainians were likely involved in the attack on the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) forces with FPV drones. KB: I will only say the following: About two to three months ago I was giving an interview to one of the media, I don't remember which specific one. I answered them back then that anywhere across the world we will be seeking and hunting down Russian military criminals, and sooner or later that time will come whenever they are. That is why we shouldn't be surprised when in any territory, something happens to Russian military criminals. Then speaking about your specific question about Sudan, regretfully I cannot confirm or deny.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+War+Zone&rft.atitle=Exclusive+Interview+With+Ukraine%27s+Spy+Boss+From+His+D.C.+Hotel+Room&rft.date=2023-09-22&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedrive.com%2Fthe-war-zone%2Fexclusive-interview-with-ukraines-spy-boss-from-his-dc-hotel-room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenert2023" class="citation web cs1">Fenert, Abbey (24 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivindependent.com/budanov-responds-to-cnn-reports-about-ukrainian-drone-strikes-in-sudan/">"Budanov responds to CNN reports about Ukrainian drone strikes in Sudan"</a>. The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 24 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Independent&rft.atitle=Budanov+responds+to+CNN+reports+about+Ukrainian+drone+strikes+in+Sudan&rft.date=2023-09-24&rft.aulast=Fenert&rft.aufirst=Abbey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivindependent.com%2Fbudanov-responds-to-cnn-reports-about-ukrainian-drone-strikes-in-sudan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-belgorod-avdiivka-romania-drone-nato-8cb65ba9feee222d0164d93b2ee8aa5c">"NATO member Romania finds more drone fragments on its soil after Russia again hits southern Ukraine"</a>. AP News. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=NATO+member+Romania+finds+more+drone+fragments+on+its+soil+after+Russia+again+hits+southern+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-war-belgorod-avdiivka-romania-drone-nato-8cb65ba9feee222d0164d93b2ee8aa5c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66727788">"Ukraine war: Romania reveals Russian drone parts hit its territory"</a>. BBC News. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war%3A+Romania+reveals+Russian+drone+parts+hit+its+territory&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-66727788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UkNGOSW15713-327">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UkNGOSW15713_327-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UkNGOSW15713_327-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023132057/https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2013-07-15/kyiv-s-gas-strategy-closer-cooperation-gazprom-or-a-genuine-div">"Kyiv's gas strategy: closer cooperation with Gazprom or a genuine diversification"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Eastern_Studies" title="Centre for Eastern Studies">Centre for Eastern Studies</a>. 15 July 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2013-07-15/kyiv-s-gas-strategy-closer-cooperation-gazprom-or-a-genuine-div">the original</a> on 23 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+for+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Kyiv%27s+gas+strategy%3A+closer+cooperation+with+Gazprom+or+a+genuine+diversification&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osw.waw.pl%2Fen%2Fpublikacje%2Fosw-commentary%2F2013-07-15%2Fkyiv-s-gas-strategy-closer-cooperation-gazprom-or-a-genuine-div&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29521564">"Russia's gas fight with Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+gas+fight+with+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-29521564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/11/27/russia-ukraine-escalate-gas-war-as-europe-draws-map-of-fear">"Russia, Ukraine escalate 'gas war' as Europe draws 'map of fear'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 27 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Russia%2C+Ukraine+escalate+%27gas+war%27+as+Europe+draws+%27map+of+fear%27&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Feconomy%2F2019%2F11%2F27%2Frussia-ukraine-escalate-gas-war-as-europe-draws-map-of-fear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdg4-330"><a href="#cite_ref-fdg4_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGent2021" class="citation book cs1">Gent, Stephen E. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1196822660">Market power politics : war, institutions, and strategic delays in world politics</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-752984-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-752984-3"><bdi>978-0-19-752984-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1196822660">1196822660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Market+power+politics+%3A+war%2C+institutions%2C+and+strategic+delays+in+world+politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1196822660&rft.isbn=978-0-19-752984-3&rft.aulast=Gent&rft.aufirst=Stephen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1196822660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29842505">"Russia-Ukraine gas deal secures EU winter supply"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia-Ukraine+gas+deal+secures+EU+winter+supply&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-29842505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/247504/explosion-on-ukraine-gas-pipeline">"Explosion on Ukraine gas pipeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Explosion+on+Ukraine+gas+pipeline&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F247504%2Fexplosion-on-ukraine-gas-pipeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-pipeline-idINL5N0OZ1ON20140618">"Blast at Ukraine gas pipeline said due to bomb, security increased"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Kyiv. 18 June 2014. 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Retrieved 7 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gazeta.lviv.ua&rft.atitle=Onlayn+kazyno+Ukrayiny+2021+X+Internet-kazyno+na+hroshi+%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+2021+%CE%9E+%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.lviv.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abbruzzese_2022-367">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abbruzzese_2022_367-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abbruzzese_2022_367-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbruzzese2022" class="citation news cs1">Abbruzzese, Jason (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655/ncrd1289673">"Putin says he is fighting a resurgence of Nazism. That's not true"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224112830/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/live-blog/russia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655/ncrd1289673">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+says+he+is+fighting+a+resurgence+of+Nazism.+That%27s+not+true.&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Abbruzzese&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Flive-blog%2Frussia-ukraine-conflict-live-updates-n1289655%2Fncrd1289673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-368">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_368-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_368-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2022" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Eric (3 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-03/inside-the-separatist-republic-that-triggered-the-war-in-ukraine/100871262">"Inside Donetsk, the separatist republic that triggered the war in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303140132/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-03/inside-the-separatist-republic-that-triggered-the-war-in-ukraine/100871262">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inside+Donetsk%2C+the+separatist+republic+that+triggered+the+war+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2022-03-03%2Finside-the-separatist-republic-that-triggered-the-war-in-ukraine%2F100871262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:122-369"><a href="#cite_ref-:122_369-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGlynn2023" class="citation book cs1">McGlynn, Jade (4 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gaavEAAAQBAJ&dq=the+Maidan+in+2013%E2%80%9314+but+to+say+that+the+majority+of+protestors+professed&pg=PA62">Memory Makers: The Politics of the Past in Putin's Russia</a>. 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Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Historians+on+What+Putin+Gets+Wrong+About+%27Denazification%27+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=Olivia+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6154493%2Fdenazification-putin-ukraine-history-context%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrzegorz_Rossoliński-Liebe,_Bastiaan_Willems2022" class="citation journal cs1">Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, Bastiaan Willems (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13518046.2022.2058179">"Putin's Abuse of History: Ukrainian 'Nazis', 'Genocide', and a Fake Threat Scenario"</a>. 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The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304065227/https://jewishjournal.com/news/worldwide/345515/statement-on-the-war-in-ukraine-by-scholars-of-genocide-nazism-and-world-war-ii/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Journal+of+Greater+Los+Angeles&rft.atitle=Statement+on+the+War+in+Ukraine+by+Scholars+of+Genocide%2C+Nazism+and+World+War+II&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft.aulast=Tabarovsky&rft.aufirst=Izabella&rft.au=Finkel%2C+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishjournal.com%2Fnews%2Fworldwide%2F345515%2Fstatement-on-the-war-in-ukraine-by-scholars-of-genocide-nazism-and-world-war-ii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2022" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Miriam (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/putin-denazify-ukraine/">"Putin says he will 'denazify' Ukraine. Here's the history behind that claim"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/putin-denazify-ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. 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Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Putin+using+false+%27Nazi%27+narrative+to+justify+Russia%27s+attack+on+Ukraine%2C+experts+say&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=David+K.&rft.au=Allen%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Siemaszko%2C+Corky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fputin-claims-denazification-justify-russias-attack-ukraine-experts-say-rcna17537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawlerBasu2022" class="citation web cs1">Lawler, Dave; Basu, Zachary (24 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/ukraine-russia-putin-zelensky-invasion-3e5b8783-c4b6-41e9-b6d5-b0706bfedfdf.html">"Ukrainian President Zelensky says Putin has ordered invasion as country prepares for war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224031305/https://www.axios.com/ukraine-russia-putin-zelensky-invasion-3e5b8783-c4b6-41e9-b6d5-b0706bfedfdf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022. 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Russian Orthodox Church.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russian+Orthodox+Church&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.aulast=Kirill+of+Moscow&rft.aufirst=Patriarch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patriarchia.ru%2Fdb%2Ftext%2F6116021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShumylo2024" class="citation news cs1">Shumylo, Serhiy (5 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/zvychaynyy-fashyzm-rozbir-tez-pro-svyashchennuyu-voynu-rosiyi/32890534.html">""Звичайний фашизм": розбір тез про "священную войну" Росії проти України та Заходу"</a>. Радіо Свобода.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%22%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%22%3A+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%22%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%22+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.date=2024-04-05&rft.aulast=Shumylo&rft.aufirst=Serhiy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosvoboda.org%2Fa%2Fzvychaynyy-fashyzm-rozbir-tez-pro-svyashchennuyu-voynu-rosiyi%2F32890534.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-orthodox-church-declares-%E2%80%9Choly-war%E2%80%9D-against-ukraine-and-articulates-tenets">"THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH DECLARES "HOLY WAR" AGAINST UKRAINE AND ARTICULATES TENETS OF RUSSIA'S EMERGING OFFICIAL NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY"</a>. Institute for the Study of War. 30 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+the+Study+of+War&rft.atitle=THE+RUSSIAN+ORTHODOX+CHURCH+DECLARES+%22HOLY+WAR%22+AGAINST+UKRAINE+AND+ARTICULATES+TENETS+OF+RUSSIA%27S+EMERGING+OFFICIAL+NATIONALIST+IDEOLOGY&rft.date=2024-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.understandingwar.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Frussian-orthodox-church-declares-%25E2%2580%259Choly-war%25E2%2580%259D-against-ukraine-and-articulates-tenets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NATO_myths-428">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NATO_myths_428-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NATO_myths_428-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/115204.htm">"NATO-Russia: Setting the record straight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO-Russia%3A+Setting+the+record+straight&rft.pub=NATO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatohq%2F115204.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DW_NATO-429"><a href="#cite_ref-DW_NATO_429-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-russias-disinformation-campaign-targets-nato/a-64675398">"Fact check: Russia's disinformation campaign targets NATO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 13 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fact+check%3A+Russia%27s+disinformation+campaign+targets+NATO&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Ffact-check-russias-disinformation-campaign-targets-nato%2Fa-64675398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/">"Extracts from Putin's speech on Ukraine"</a>. Reuters. 21 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202132403/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Extracts+from+Putin%27s+speech+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fextracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2022" class="citation web cs1">Livingstone, Helen (26 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/26/russia-accuses-nato-of-proxy-war-in-ukraine-as-us-hosts-crucial-defence-summit">"Russia accuses Nato of 'proxy war' in Ukraine as US hosts crucial defence summit: Ukraine dismisses Sergei Lavrov's war comments as diplomats gather in Germany for US-hosted talks to navigate 'critical' phase"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+accuses+Nato+of+%27proxy+war%27+in+Ukraine+as+US+hosts+crucial+defence+summit%3A+Ukraine+dismisses+Sergei+Lavrov%27s+war+comments+as+diplomats+gather+in+Germany+for+US-hosted+talks+to+navigate+%27critical%27+phase&rft.date=2022-04-26&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fapr%2F26%2Frussia-accuses-nato-of-proxy-war-in-ukraine-as-us-hosts-crucial-defence-summit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/29/russia-ukraine-war-news-putin-live-updates/">"Russia doesn't consider itself to be at war with NATO, Lavrov says"</a>. Washington Post. 29 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russia+doesn%27t+consider+itself+to+be+at+war+with+NATO%2C+Lavrov+says&rft.date=2022-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F04%2F29%2Frussia-ukraine-war-news-putin-live-updates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA%282022%29729380">"Russia's war on Ukraine: NATO response"</a>. European Parliament. 22 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+war+on+Ukraine%3A+NATO+response&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fthinktank%2Fen%2Fdocument%2FEPRS_ATA%25282022%2529729380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacmillan2022" class="citation news cs1">Macmillan, Jade (25 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-25/nato-us-in-proxy-war-with-russia-biden-next-move-crucial/100937196">"With NATO and the US in a 'proxy war' with Russia, ex-CIA boss Leon Panetta says Joe Biden's next move is crucial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=With+NATO+and+the+US+in+a+%27proxy+war%27+with+Russia%2C+ex-CIA+boss+Leon+Panetta+says+Joe+Biden%27s+next+move+is+crucial&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft.aulast=Macmillan&rft.aufirst=Jade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2022-03-25%2Fnato-us-in-proxy-war-with-russia-biden-next-move-crucial%2F100937196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedman_proxy_war-435">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freedman_proxy_war_435-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedman_proxy_war_435-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Freedman" title="Lawrence Freedman">Freedman, Lawrence</a> (23 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/world/europe/ukraine/2023/01/ukraine-proxy-war-russia-vladimir-putin-nato">"Ukraine is not a proxy war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Statesman" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Statesman">The New Statesman</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Ukraine+is+not+a+proxy+war&rft.date=2023-01-23&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine%2F2023%2F01%2Fukraine-proxy-war-russia-vladimir-putin-nato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPifer2022" class="citation web cs1">Pifer, Steven (26 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/news/one-more-time-it%E2%80%99s-not-about-nato">"One. More. Time. It's not about NATO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Center_for_International_Security_and_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for International Security and Cooperation">Center for International Security and Cooperation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One.+More.+Time.+It%27s+not+about+NATO&rft.pub=Center+for+International+Security+and+Cooperation&rft.date=2022-07-26&rft.aulast=Pifer&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcisac.fsi.stanford.edu%2Fnews%2Fone-more-time-it%25E2%2580%2599s-not-about-nato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/nato-finland-ukraine-b056e7e0f12520e85ea2d81cd30eabc9">"Finland doubling NATO's border with Russia in blow to Putin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 3 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517032430/https://apnews.com/article/nato-finland-ukraine-b056e7e0f12520e85ea2d81cd30eabc9">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2023. 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Only 4 percent spoke out against it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=One+Year+Later%2C+Crimeans+Prefer+Russia&rft.date=2015-02-06&rft.aulast=Bershidsky&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloombergview.com%2Farticles%2F2015-02-06%2Fone-year-later-crimeans-prefer-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-469"><a href="#cite_ref-469">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151029103051/https://www.gfk.com/ua/documents/presentations/gfk_report_freecrimea.pdf">"Sotsial'no-politicheskiye nastroyeniya zhiteley Kryma" <bdi lang="ru">Социально-политические настроения жителей Крыма</bdi></a> [Socio-Political Moods of Crimean Residents] (PDF). <a href="/wiki/GfK_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="GfK Ukraine">GfK Ukraine</a> (in Russian). 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Retrieved 5 August 2024. <q>Respondents most frequently expressed positive attitudes towards Lithuania (91%), Latvia (90.5%), the United Kingdom (90%), Germany (89%), Estonia (89%), Canada (88%), the United States (87%), France (86%), the Czech Republic (86%), Poland (86%), the Netherlands (83%), Moldova (81%), Japan (74%), Georgia (72%), Israel (65%)...Negative attitudes were most commonly expressed towards Russia (95% of respondents had a negative attitude), Belarus (87%), Iran (82%), China (72.5%), and Hungary (59%).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Odessa+Journal&rft.atitle=Survey%3A+the+majority+of+Ukrainians+have+a+positive+attitude+towards+Georgia&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodessa-journal.com%2Fsurvey-the-majority-of-ukrainians-have-a-positive-attitude-towards-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-480"><a href="#cite_ref-480">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://razumkov.org.ua/en/research-areas/surveys/attitude-to-foreign-countries-international-organisations-and-politicians-and-ukraine-s-accession-to-the-european-union-january-2024">"Attitude to foreign countries, international organisations and politicians, and Ukraine's accession to the European Union (January, 2024)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Centre" title="Razumkov Centre">Razumkov Centre</a>. 28 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716030624/https://razumkov.org.ua/en/research-areas/surveys/attitude-to-foreign-countries-international-organisations-and-politicians-and-ukraine-s-accession-to-the-european-union-january-2024">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024. 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There was sufficient evidence that during the relevant period the respondent State [Russia] had exercised effective control over Crimea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+v.+Russia+%28re+Crimea%29+%28decision%29&rft.pub=European+Court+of+Human+Rights&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%3Fi%3D002-13090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-520"><a href="#cite_ref-520">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasse2023" class="citation book cs1">Sasse, Gwendolyn (2023). Russia's War Against Ukraine. Wiley & Sons. p. 2004. <q>Russia's war against Ukraine began with the annexation of Crimea on 27 February 2014. On that day, Russian special forces without any uniform insignia appeared in Crimea, quickly taking control of strategic, military and political institutions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+War+Against+Ukraine&rft.pages=2004&rft.pub=Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Sasse&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-521"><a href="#cite_ref-521">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.segodnya.ua/ua/regions/krym/nyasha-poklonskaya-obeshchaet-boycam-berkuta-nakazat-uchastnikov-maydana-700800.html">"'Няша' Поклонська обіцяє бійцям 'Беркута' покарати учасників Майдану"</a>. www.segodnya.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.segodnya.ua&rft.atitle=%27%D0%9D%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B0%27+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%94+%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BC+%27%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%27+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.segodnya.ua%2Fua%2Fregions%2Fkrym%2Fnyasha-poklonskaya-obeshchaet-boycam-berkuta-nakazat-uchastnikov-maydana-700800.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-522"><a href="#cite_ref-522">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.7683&Lang=E">"7683rd meeting of the United Nations Security Council. Thursday, 28 April 2016, 3 p.m. New York"</a>. <q>Mr. Prystaiko (Ukraine): ... In that regard, I have to remind the Council that the official medal that was produced by the Russian Federation for the so-called return of Crimea has the dates on it, starting with 20 February, which is the day before that agreement was brought to the attention of the Security Council by the representative of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the Russian Federation started – not just planned, but started – the annexation of Crimea the day before we reached the first agreement and while President Yanukovych was still in power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7683rd+meeting+of+the+United+Nations+Security+Council.+Thursday%2C+28+April+2016%2C+3+p.m.+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fga%2Fsearch%2Fview_doc.asp%3Fsymbol%3DS%2FPV.7683%26Lang%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-523"><a href="#cite_ref-523">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/20/7015117/">"Спікер ВР АРК вважає, що Крим може відокремитися від України"</a>. Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%92%D0%A0+%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9A+%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%94%2C+%D1%89%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F20%2F7015117%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-524"><a href="#cite_ref-524">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/2347252-two-headed-orwell.html">"Russia's Orwellian 'diplomacy'"</a>. unian.info. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unian.info&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Orwellian+%27diplomacy%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fpolitics%2F2347252-two-headed-orwell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yahoo_News-525"><a href="#cite_ref-Yahoo_News_525-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/putin-describes-secret-operation-seize-crimea-212858356.html">"Putin describes secret operation to seize Crimea"</a>. Yahoo News. 8 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Putin+describes+secret+operation+to+seize+Crimea&rft.date=2015-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fputin-describes-secret-operation-seize-crimea-212858356.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ukrainian_history" title="Bibliography of Ukrainian history">Bibliography of Ukrainian history</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_studies_journals" title="List of Slavic studies journals">List of Slavic studies journals</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bowen, Andrew (2017). "Coercive Diplomacy and the Donbas: Explaining Russian Strategy in Eastern Ukraine". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Strategic_Studies" title="Journal of Strategic Studies">Journal of Strategic Studies</a>. 42 (3–4): 312–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402390.2017.1413550">10.1080/01402390.2017.1413550</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158522112">158522112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Coercive+Diplomacy+and+the+Donbas%3A+Explaining+Russian+Strategy+in+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=312-343&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2017.1413550&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158522112%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARusso-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Marples" title="David R. Marples">Marples, David R.</a> ed. The War in Ukraine's Donbas: Origins, Contexts, and the Future (2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/War-Ukraines-Donbas-Origins-Contexts/dp/9633865972/">excerpt</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="https://news.google.com/topics/CAAqKAgKIiJDQkFTRXdvS0wyMHZNRjk0Tm1RMWVCSUZaVzR0UjBJb0FBUAE">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60525350">War in Ukraine</a> at <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liveuamap.com/">Ukraine interactive map</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Live_Universal_Awareness_Map" class="mw-redirect" title="Live Universal Awareness Map">Live Universal Awareness Map</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russo-Ukrainian_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template talk:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Ukrainian_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Main events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_units_which_invaded_the_territory_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine">List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnergate" title="Wagnergate">Wagnergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">2022 Russian annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctioned people and organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Support_for_the_Sovereignty,_Integrity,_Democracy,_and_Economic_Stability_of_Ukraine_Act_of_2014" title="Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014">Act of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2019)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">ORDLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">ATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions to the war in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">2021–2023 global supply chain crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Eurointegration of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Lend-Lease (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Vladimir_Putin_and_Maria_Lvova-Belova" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova">ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="LGBT people in the Russo-Ukrainian War">LGBT people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">2015 Ukraine power grid hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kyiv_cyberattack" title="2016 Kyiv cyberattack">2016 Kyiv cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">2016 Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 activities of Anonymous against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the 2022 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russo-Ukrainian_War_films" title="List of Russo-Ukrainian War films">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian language in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Control of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Category:Russo-Ukrainian War">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_2024_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April 2024 – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_2024_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August 2024 – present)">Aug 2024 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Battle of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasylkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vasylkiv">Battle of Vasylkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovytska_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lebedyn" title="Battle of Lebedyn">Battle of Lebedyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Chornobaivka_attacks" title="2022 Chornobaivka attacks">Chornobaivka attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R280_highway_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R280 highway (Russia) (page does not exist)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis">Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic"><img alt="Donetsk People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic"><img alt="Luhansk People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash">2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya" title="Antonov An-225 Mriya">Antonov An-225 Mriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Azovstal Iron and Steel Works">Azovstal Iron and Steel Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin%27s_incapacity_and_death" title="Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death">Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_in_Ukraine" title="Decolonization in Ukraine">Decolonization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">Derussification in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Irkutsk_military_aircraft_crash" title="2022 Irkutsk military aircraft crash">Irkutsk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ivanovo_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Kyivstar_cyberattack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Kyivstar cyberattack (page does not exist)">Kyivstar cyberattack</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="ru:Кибератака на «Киевстар» (2023)">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="uk:Кібератака на «Київстар» (2023)">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident">Lady R incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_(drone)" title="Punisher (drone)">Punisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russian nuclear weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">Sarmat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian military presence in Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ryazan military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Siberian_wildfires" title="2022 Siberian wildfires">Siberian wildfires</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Sinhury_mid-air_collision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Sinhury mid-air collision (page does not exist)">Sinhury mid-air collision</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Зіткнення над Сінгурами">uk</a>; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%89%98%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%9EL-39M1%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="extiw" title="zh:2023年日托米爾州L-39M1飛機相撞事故">zh</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti military training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Center_of_Recruitment_and_Social_Support" title="Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support">Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_tank" title="Turtle tank">Turtle tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-24_(association)" title="U-24 (association)">U-24 association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Western_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Western long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Western long-range weapons in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_1383" title="Ural Airlines Flight 1383">Ural Airlines Flight 1383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Aerospace_Forces_An-26_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian Aerospace Forces An-26 crash">Voronezh military aircraft crash</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Vladimir_Putin_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vladimir Putin Interview">The Vladimir Putin Interview</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Yeysk_military_aircraft_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Yeysk military aircraft crash">Yeysk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations">Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Fumio_Kishida_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine">2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine">2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal" title="Yaroslav Hunka scandal">Yaroslav Hunka scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Russian invasion of Ukraine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euromaidan" title="Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euromaidan" title="Template talk:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Euromaidan" title="Timeline of the Euromaidan">Timeline of the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Euromaidan" title="Domestic responses to the Euromaidan">Domestic responses to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Euromaidan" title="International reactions to the Euromaidan">International reactions to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_during_the_2013%E2%80%932014_Ukraine_crisis" title="Casualties during the 2013–2014 Ukraine crisis">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_casualties" title="Maidan casualties">Heavenly Hundred</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Heavenly_Hundred_Heroes" title="Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes">Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Damaged communist monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_EU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/89px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/134px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/178px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_December_2013_Euromaidan_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots">1 December 2013 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin_monument,_Kyiv" title="Vladimir Lenin monument, Kyiv">Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_December_2013_Euromaidan_assault" title="11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault">11 December 2013 assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_December_2013_Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_action_plan" title="17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan">Ukrainian–Russian action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_terrorists_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasylkiv terrorists case">Vasylkiv terrorists case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-protest_laws_in_Ukraine" title="Anti-protest laws in Ukraine">Anti-protest laws in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevskoho_Street_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots">2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">2014 RSA occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration_in_Ukraine" title="Lustration in Ukraine">Lustration in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2014 Ukrainian local elections">2014 Ukrainian local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kyiv_local_election" title="2014 Kyiv local election">2014 Kyiv local election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">2014 Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhyhirya_Residence" title="Mezhyhirya Residence">Mezhyhirya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khreshchatyk" title="Khreshchatyk">Khreshchatyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lypky" title="Lypky">Lypky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankova_Street" title="Bankova Street">Bankova Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Square_(Kyiv)" title="European Square (Kyiv)">European Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrushevsky_Street_(Kyiv)" title="Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)">Hrushevskoho Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Lobanovskyi_Dynamo_Stadium" title="Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium">Dynamo Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">Kyiv City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unions_Building_(Kyiv)" title="Trade Unions Building (Kyiv)">Trade Unions Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_House" title="Ukrainian House">Ukrainian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinskyi_Park" title="Mariinskyi Park">Mariinskyi Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Palace" title="October Palace">October Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Conservatory">Kyiv Conservatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">European integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_People%27s_Union" title="Maidan People's Union">Maidan People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> opposition parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Ukraine)" title="Democratic Alliance (Ukraine)">Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">UNA–UNSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Ukraine)#United_Left_and_Peasants" title="Justice Party (Ukraine)">United Left and Peasants</a></li></ul></li> <li>Civic organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automaidan" title="Automaidan">Automaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Control" title="Road Control">Road Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidsich" title="Vidsich">Vidsich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li>Militant groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilna_Sprava" title="Spilna Sprava">Spilna Sprava</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Sadovyi" title="Andriy Sadovyi">Andriy Sadovyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslana" title="Ruslana">Ruslana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetiana_Chornovol" title="Tetiana Chornovol">Tetiana Chornovol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Bulatov" title="Dmytro Bulatov">Dmytro Bulatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Anti-protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Ukraine" title="Internal Troops of Ukraine">Internal Troops of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Ukraine)" title="Militsiya (Ukraine)">Militsiya (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titushky" title="Titushky">Titushky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimaidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimaidan">Antimaidan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Zakharchenko" title="Vitaliy Zakharchenko">Vitaliy Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yefremov" title="Oleksandr Yefremov">Oleksandr Yefremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Klyuyev" title="Andriy Klyuyev">Andriy Klyuyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pshonka" title="Viktor Pshonka">Viktor Pshonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Lukash" title="Olena Lukash">Olena Lukash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Boyko" title="Yuriy Boyko">Yuriy Boyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kozhara" title="Leonid Kozhara">Leonid Kozhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Tabachnyk" title="Dmytro Tabachnyk">Dmytro Tabachnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Klymenko_(politician)" title="Oleksandr Klymenko (politician)">Oleksandr Klymenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_in_the_2014_Crimean_crisis" title="List of military units in the 2014 Crimean crisis">List of military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of sanctioned individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Crimean crisis">List of companies that applied sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_of_Russian_intelligentsia_to_the_2014_annexation_of_Crimea" title="Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea">Reaction of Russian intelligentsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">2014 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Environmental impact of the Russian occupation of Crimea">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">Medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Capture of the Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Capture of Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">1921–1945 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">1945–1991 Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 Crimean ASSR">1991–1992 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992_to_1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)">Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 constitution of Crimea">1992 constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–1995 President of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Meshkov" title="Yuriy Meshkov">Yuriy Meshkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Constitution of Crimea">1998 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#Bill_"On_the_principles_of_the_State_language_policy"" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–2014 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_G7_summit" title="40th G7 summit">40th G7 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol_International_Airport" title="Simferopol International Airport">Simferopol Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_International_Airport" title="Sevastopol International Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donuzlav" title="Donuzlav">Donuzlav</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Ochakov" title="Russian cruiser Ochakov">Ochakov</a> scuttling</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armiansk" title="Armiansk">Armiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoi" title="Dzhankoi">Dzhankoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonhar" title="Chonhar">Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Krym" title="Port Krym">Port Krym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strilkove" title="Strilkove">Strilkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novofedorivka" title="Novofedorivka">Novofedorivka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoigu">Sergey Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergun" title="Igor Sergun">Igor Sergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Berezovsky" title="Denis Berezovsky">Denis Berezovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yeliseyev_(admiral)" title="Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)">Sergei Yeliseyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chaly" title="Aleksei Chaly">Aleksei Chaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Besler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Ukraine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lmi_%C3%9Cmerov" title="İlmi Ümerov">İlmi Ümerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtem_Chiygoz" title="Ahtem Chiygoz">Ahtem Chiygoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Mamchur" title="Yuliy Mamchur">Yuliy Mamchur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_in_Donbas" title="Template talk:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li>Followed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">Humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctioned people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_volunteer_movement_helping_Ukrainian_forces_in_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Civil volunteer movement helping Ukrainian forces in the war in Donbas">Civil volunteer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">Anti-terrorist Operation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_administrations_(Ukraine)" title="Civil–military administrations (Ukraine)">Civil–military administrations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2018)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Battle of Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Siege of Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Battle of Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Battle of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Battles of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Battle of Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_Border_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Luhansk Border Base">Siege of the Luhansk Border Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Battle of Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Battle of Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Battle of Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">Mariupol offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Battle of Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Battle of Svitlodarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Battle of Avdiivka (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Il-76_shootdown" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown">Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Donetsk,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelling of Donetsk, Russia">Shelling of Donetsk, Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_cross-border_shelling_of_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine">2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 shoot-down</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown" title="International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2166" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2166">UNSC Resolution 2166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">NATO summit in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_Protocol" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_general_elections" title="2014 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 Brisbane summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_II" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk II ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kharkiv_bombing" title="2015 Kharkiv bombing">Kharkiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko#Death" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Donbas_general_elections" title="2018 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_to_capitulation!" title="No to capitulation!">No to capitulation!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-proclaimed states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/23px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/35px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/45px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)">Novorossiya</a> (May 2014 – May 2015) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Pro-) Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Separatist forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_used_by_Russian_separatist_forces_of_the_war_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of equipment used by Russian separatist forces of the war in Donbas">List of equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas#Luhansk_People's_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Army of the South-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Army" title="Russian Orthodox Army">Russian Orthodox Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas#Vostok_Battalion" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas">Vostok Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmius_Brigade" title="Kalmius Brigade">Kalmius Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_Battalion" title="Sparta Battalion">Sparta Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Battalion" title="Somalia Battalion">Somalia Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizrak_Brigade" title="Prizrak Brigade">Prizrak Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Political parties and movements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk Republic (political party)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Russia_Party" title="New Russia Party">New Russia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic">Communist Party of DPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_to_Luhanshchina" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace to Luhanshchina">Peace to Luhanshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotba" title="Borotba">Borotba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifascist_Committee_of_Ukraine" title="Antifascist Committee of Ukraine">Antifascist Committee of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Donetsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antyufeyev" title="Vladimir Antyufeyev">Vladimir Antyufeyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Basurin" title="Eduard Basurin">Eduard Basurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Berezin" title="Fyodor Berezin">Fyodor Berezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Bezler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodai" title="Alexander Borodai">Alexander Borodai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chumachenko" title="Mikhail Chumachenko">Mikhail Chumachenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Gubareva" title="Ekaterina Gubareva">Ekaterina Gubareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Khakimzyanov" title="Igor Khakimzyanov">Igor Khakimzyanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khodakovsky" title="Alexander Khodakovsky">Alexander Khodakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kononov_(Donetsk_People%27s_Republic)" title="Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)">Vladimir Kononov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Pavlov" title="Arsen Pavlov">Arsen Pavlov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Purgin" title="Andrei Purgin">Andrei Purgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tolstykh" title="Mikhail Tolstykh">Mikhail Tolstykh</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Alexander Zakharchenko</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Zhurikov" title="Sergei Zhurikov">Sergei Zhurikov</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luhansk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bednov" title="Alexander Bednov">Alexander Bednov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Bolotov" title="Valery Bolotov">Valery Bolotov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Karyakin" title="Aleksey Karyakin">Aleksey Karyakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kharitonov_(politician)" title="Aleksandr Kharitonov (politician)">Aleksandr Kharitonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Klinchaev" title="Arsen Klinchaev">Arsen Klinchaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kozlov_(politician)" title="Sergey Kozlov (politician)">Sergey Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Mozgovoy" title="Aleksey Mozgovoy">Aleksey Mozgovoy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Plotnitsky" title="Igor Plotnitsky">Igor Plotnitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Tsypkalov" title="Gennadiy Tsypkalov">Gennadiy Tsypkalov</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Kharkiv <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Zhylin" title="Yevhen Zhylin">Yevhen Zhylin</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelya_Shtepa" title="Nelya Shtepa">Nelya Shtepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsaryov" title="Oleg Tsaryov">Oleg Tsaryov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government of Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">1st Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">2nd Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_Battalion" title="Donbas Battalion">Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks_Patrol_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Tasks Patrol Police">Patrol Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro-1_Regiment" title="Dnipro-1 Regiment">Dnipro-1</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_territorial_defence_battalions" title="Ukrainian territorial defence battalions">Territorial defense battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidar_Battalion" title="Aidar Battalion">Aidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="39th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Dnipro-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="40th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Kryvbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="42nd Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Rukh Oporu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces" title="Ukrainian Air Assault Forces">Ukrainian Air Assault Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Ukraine)" title="Alpha Group (Ukraine)">Alpha Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Border Guard Service of Ukraine">State Border Guard Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_volunteer_battalions" title="Ukrainian volunteer battalions">Volunteer battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Heletey" title="Valeriy Heletey">Valeriy Heletey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Koval" title="Mykhailo Koval">Mykhailo Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitskyi" title="Oleh Makhnitskyi">Oleh Makhnitskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Muzhenko" title="Viktor Muzhenko">Viktor Muzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Yarema" title="Vitaly Yarema">Vitaly Yarema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolomoyskyi" title="Ihor Kolomoyskyi">Ihor Kolomoyskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Taruta" title="Serhiy Taruta">Serhiy Taruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semen_Semenchenko" title="Semen Semenchenko">Semen Semenchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Moskal" title="Hennadiy Moskal">Hennadiy Moskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tuka" title="George Tuka">George Tuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Zhebrivskyi" title="Pavlo Zhebrivskyi">Pavlo Zhebrivskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crimea_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crimea_topics" title="Template:Crimea topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crimea_topics" title="Template talk:Crimea topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crimea_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crimea topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crimea_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Crimea" title="Greek Crimea">Greek Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Roman_era" title="Crimea in the Roman era">Crimea in the Roman era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherson_(theme)" title="Cherson (theme)">Cherson (theme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_Kingdom" title="Bosporan Kingdom">Bosporan Kingdom</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatziri" title="Akatziri">Akatziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Goths" title="Crimean Goths">Crimean Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_Gazaria" title="Genoese Gazaria">Genoese Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese%E2%80%93Mongol_Wars" title="Genoese–Mongol Wars">Genoese–Mongol Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaigns_of_1687_and_1689" title="Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689">Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_by_the_Russian_Empire" title="Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Soviet period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Crimea_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Crimea during World War II">Crimea in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 Crimean Tatar deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_Crimean_toponyms" title="Renaming of Crimean toponyms">Renaming of Crimean toponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union">1954 transfer to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_repatriation" title="Crimean Tatar repatriation">Crimean Tatar repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">President of Crimea (historical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea (until 2014)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="List of chairmen of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Chairman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Crimea" title="Prime Minister of Crimea">Prime Minister of Crimea (until 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers (until 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_picture_of_Crimea,_Terra-MODIS,_05-16-2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of Crimea"><img alt="Satellite image of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg/100px-Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg/150px-Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg/200px-Satellite_picture_of_Crimea%2C_Terra-MODIS%2C_05-16-2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1198" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crimea#Geography" title="Crimea">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Arabat" title="Bay of Arabat">Arabat Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Azov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li>Caves <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Cave_(Crimea)" title="Marble Cave (Crimea)">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyalova_cave" title="Vyalova cave">Vyalova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Mountains" title="Crimean Mountains">Crimean Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait" title="Kerch Strait">Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Perekop" title="Isthmus of Perekop">Perekop Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic–Caspian steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Coast_(Crimea)" title="Southern Coast (Crimea)">Southern Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syvash" title="Syvash">Syvash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Crimea" title="Administrative divisions of Crimea">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Crimea" title="List of cities in Crimea">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raions_of_Ukraine#Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Raions of Ukraine">Raions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban-type_settlements_in_Ukraine_by_subdivision#Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban-type settlements in Ukraine by subdivision">Urban-type settlements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Crimea" title="Politics of Crimea">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a>/<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Head of the Republic of Crimea">Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Crimea" title="State Council of Crimea">State Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Crimean parliamentary election">2014 parliamentary election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Sevastopol" title="Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Sevastopol_(Russia)" title="Governor of Sevastopol (Russia)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sevastopol_gubernatorial_election" title="2017 Sevastopol gubernatorial election">2017 election</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crimea#Economy" title="Crimea">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Crimea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Trolleybus" title="Crimean Trolleybus">Crimean Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sports" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Premier_League" title="Crimean Premier League">Crimean Premier League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Crimea" title="Demographics of Crimea">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in Crimea">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainians in Crimea">Ukrainians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Germans" title="Crimea Germans">Crimea Germans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Crimea" title="Religion in Crimea">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Odesa-Simferopol" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Odesa-Simferopol">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Krym" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Krym">Ukrainian Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Crimea">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Crimea">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Crimea" title="Category:Crimea">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ukraine_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ukraine_topics" title="Template:Ukraine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ukraine_topics" title="Template talk:Ukraine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ukraine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukraine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ukraine_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyaba" title="Kuyaba">Kuyaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Principality of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Galicia–Volhynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_Voivodeship" title="Kiev Voivodeship">Kiev Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Sich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Hetmanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav_Agreement" title="Pereiaslav Agreement">Pereiaslav Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">Revolution and War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukrainian National Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Volhynia massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Ukraine" title="National parks of Ukraine">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America#Ukraine" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America">Biosphere reserves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Natural_Wonders_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine">Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_reserves_of_Ukraine" title="List of nature reserves of Ukraine">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Ukraine" title="Populated places in Ukraine">Populated places</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_rivers_of_Ukraine" title="List of longest rivers of Ukraine">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Ukraine" title="List of mountains in Ukraine">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Ukraine" title="List of waterfalls in Ukraine">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ukraine" title="List of islands of Ukraine">Islands and sandbars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ukraine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Ukraine">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ukraine" title="Wildlife of Ukraine">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine" title="Law of Ukraine">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">Hryvnia (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Ukraine" title="Banking in Ukraine">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchanges_in_Ukraine" title="Stock exchanges in Ukraine">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ukraine" title="Energy in Ukraine">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_in_Ukraine" title="Electricity in Ukraine">Electricity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Ukraine" title="Science and technology in Ukraine">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ukraine" title="Telecommunications in Ukraine">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ukraine" title="Tourism in Ukraine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ukraine" title="Transport in Ukraine">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Society of Ukraine">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Ukraine" title="Gender inequality in Ukraine">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ukraine" title="Health in Ukraine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ukraine" title="Abortion in Ukraine">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ukraine" title="HIV/AIDS in Ukraine">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">Swine flu pandemic</a> (2009-10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ukraine" title="Crime in Ukraine">Crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Ukraine" title="Suicide in Ukraine">suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ukraine" title="Human rights in Ukraine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of the press in Ukraine">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ukraine">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ukraine" title="Human trafficking in Ukraine">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ukraine" title="Languages of Ukraine">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Ukraine" title="Minorities in Ukraine">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Ukraine" title="Prostitution in Ukraine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ukraine" title="Culture of Ukraine">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukrainian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ukrainian animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_architecture" title="Ukrainian architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Architecture of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian baroque">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Ukraine" title="Arts of Ukraine">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wine" title="Ukrainian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cultural icons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandura" title="Bandura">Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_fairy_tale" title="Ukrainian fairy tale">Kazka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobzar" title="Kobzar">Kobzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Pysanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushnyk" title="Rushnyk">Rushnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyshyvanka" title="Vyshyvanka">Vyshyvanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dance" title="Ukrainian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folklore" title="Ukrainian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ukraine" title="Public holidays in Ukraine">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Ukraine" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_literature" title="Ukrainian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Ukraine" title="Mass media in Ukraine">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_in_Ukraine" title="Opera in Ukraine">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ukraine" title="Sport in Ukraine">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ukraine" title="Demographics of Ukraine">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rus%27_people" title="Rus' people">Rus' people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Refugees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Ukraine">Immigration to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censuses_in_Ukraine" title="Censuses in Ukraine">Censuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ukraine" title="Outline of Ukraine">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ukraine" title="Category:Ukraine">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Template:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Template talk:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">Political system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">First Vice Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">Vice Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Factions_in_the_Verkhovna_Rada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factions in the Verkhovna Rada (page does not exist)">Parliament factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Ukraine" title="Referendums in Ukraine">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Government of Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fokin_government" title="Fokin government">Fokin government</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchma_government" title="Kuchma government">Kuchma government</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Masol_government" title="Second Masol government">Second Masol government</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchuk_government" title="Marchuk government">Marchuk government</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazarenko_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazarenko government (page does not exist)">Lazarenko government</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pustovoitenko_government" title="Pustovoitenko government">Pustovoitenko government</a> (1997–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushchenko_government" title="Yushchenko government">Yushchenko government</a> (1999–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinakh_government" title="Kinakh government">Kinakh government</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yanukovych_government" title="First Yanukovych government">First Yanukovych government</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Tymoshenko_government" title="First Tymoshenko government">First Tymoshenko government</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekhanurov_government" title="Yekhanurov government">Yekhanurov government</a> (2005–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yanukovych_government" title="Second Yanukovych government">Second Yanukovych government</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Tymoshenko_government" title="Second Tymoshenko government">Second Tymoshenko government</a> (2007–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">First Azarov government</a> (2010–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a> (2012–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">Second Yatsenyuk Government</a> (2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman Government</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honcharuk_Government" title="Honcharuk Government">Honcharuk Government</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmyhal_Government" title="Shmyhal Government">Shmyhal Government</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Declaration of Independence</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Scandal" title="Cassette Scandal">Cassette Scandal</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_without_Kuchma" title="Ukraine without Kuchma">Ukraine without Kuchma</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine#2004_and_2010_amendments" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitutional amendments</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2006 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2007 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2008 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_Yulia_Tymoshenko_since_2010" title="Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010">Cases against Yulia Tymoshenko</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_supporters_of_Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Criminal cases against supporters of Yulia Tymoshenko">against supporters</a> (2010)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_Resistance_Committee" title="Dictatorship Resistance Committee">Dictatorship Resistance Committee</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">Law on languages</a> (2012)</li> <li>2013–14 <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_(legislation)" title="Law of Ukraine (legislation)">Law of Ukraine (legislation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">Corruption in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Ukrainian diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe" title="List of conflicts in Europe">conflicts in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia_conflict" title="Gagauzia conflict">Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict (1990–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War (1990–1992)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia War (1991–92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">East Prigorodny conflict (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">Russian constitutional crisis (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War (1994–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">War in Abkhazia (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War (1999–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">Tuzla Island conflict (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Maidan Uprising (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity (2014)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion (2023)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Slovenian War of Independence (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War (1992–1995)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">Albanian Civil War (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War (1998–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union">List of Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proxy_wars" title="List of proxy wars">List of proxy wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">List of frozen conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template talk:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing armed conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">ADF insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" title="Salvadoran gang crackdown">Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_gang_crackdown" title="Honduran gang crackdown">Honduran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war in Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis" title="Ecuadorian security crisis">Ecuadorian security crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Paraguay" title="Insurgency in Paraguay">Insurgency in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian conflict">Peruvian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Internal conflict in Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_drug_war" title="Bangladesh drug war">Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Insurgency in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South- east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalay_clashes" title="Kalay clashes">Kalay clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Conflicts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi–led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor">Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> times)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Military history of the Russian Empire">Military history of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by opponent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-Finnish_wars" title="Soviet-Finnish wars">Soviet-Finnish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Russia" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia">Russo-Polish Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Sweden" title="List of wars between Russia and Sweden">Russo-Swedish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">Russo-Turkish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">Russo-Ukrainian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Russia" title="List of wars involving Russia">List of wars involving Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of wars involving the Soviet Union">List of wars involving the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of battles involving the Russian Federation">List of battles involving the Russian Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Bolotnikov" title="Uprising of Bolotnikov">Uprising of Bolotnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razin%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Razin's Rebellion">Razin's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Coup attempt (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Russian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1554%E2%80%931557)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)">Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1568%E2%80%931570)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)">Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1590%E2%80%931595)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)">Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Time_of_Troubles" title="Time of Troubles">Time of Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1676%E2%80%931681)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)">Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1686%E2%80%931700)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)">Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1710%E2%80%931711)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)">Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> (1733–1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)">Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Russo-Polish War (1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Expedition_of_1796" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Expedition of 1796">Russo-Persian War (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Russian conquest of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_War" title="Caucasian War">Caucasian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Murid War">Murid War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur Annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Bukhara" title="Russian conquest of Bukhara">Russian conquest of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_campaign_of_1873" title="Khivan campaign of 1873">Khivan campaign of 1873</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alash_Autonomy" title="Alash Autonomy">Kazakhstan Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimosodat" title="Heimosodat">Heimosodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_westward_offensive_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919">Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)">Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Red Army invasion of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Red Army intervention in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_uprising" title="East Karelian uprising">East Karelian uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Central Asian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1925%E2%80%931926)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)">Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1930)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechen_uprising_of_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechen uprising of 1932 (page does not exist)">Chechen uprising of 1932</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_1932_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Восстание в Чечне 1932 года">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rebellion_in_Xinjiang_(1937)" title="Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)">Xinjiang War (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army#Soviet_Union" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Guerrilla war in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_incident" title="Vlora incident">Vlora incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia war (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">Western Libya campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vladimir_Putin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vladimir_Putin" title="Template:Vladimir Putin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vladimir_Putin" title="Template talk:Vladimir Putin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vladimir_Putin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vladimir Putin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vladimir_Putin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Russia" title="List of presidents of Russia">2nd and 4th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> (2000–2008; 2012–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Russia" title="List of heads of government of Russia">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a> (1999–2000, 2008–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Electoral history of Vladimir Putin">Electoral history</a></li> <li>Presidential elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Russian_presidential_election" title="2000 Russian presidential election">2000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Vladimir Putin 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Russian_presidential_election" title="2004 Russian presidential election">2004</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Vladimir Putin 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Russian_presidential_election" title="2012 Russian presidential election">2012</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Vladimir Putin 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russian_presidential_election" title="2018 Russian presidential election">2018</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2018_presidential_campaign" title="Vladimir Putin 2018 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Russian_presidential_election" title="2024 Russian presidential election">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Vladimir Putin 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_First_Cabinet" title="Vladimir Putin's First Cabinet">First Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_Second_Cabinet" title="Vladimir Putin's Second Cabinet">Second Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_People%27s_Front" title="All-Russia People's Front">All-Russia People's Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin" title="Russia under Vladimir Putin">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="First inauguration of Vladimir Putin">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Second inauguration of Vladimir Putin">second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Third inauguration of Vladimir Putin">third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Fourth inauguration of Vladimir Putin">fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Fifth inauguration of Vladimir Putin">fifth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_under_Vladimir_Putin%27s_presidency" title="Political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_democracy" title="Sovereign democracy">Sovereign democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Vladimir_Putin" title="List of speeches given by Vladimir Putin">Speeches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">Munich 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimea 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Valdai_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2014 Valdai speech of Vladimir Putin">Valdai 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">Federal Assembly 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Donetsk and Luhansk 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">Ukraine 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">Moscow 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">Moscow 2023</a></li></ul></li> <li>Protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Russian_protests" title="2011–2013 Russian protests">2011–2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Russian_protests" title="2017–2018 Russian protests">2017–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Moscow_protests" title="2019 Moscow protests">2019 Moscow election protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Khabarovsk_Krai_protests" title="2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests">2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_protests" title="2021 Russian protests">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_election_protests" title="2021 Russian election protests">2021 election protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 anti-war protests in Russia">2022 anti-war protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Vladimir_Putin_in_Russia" title="Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Vladimir_Putin_and_Maria_Lvova-Belova" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova">Arrest warrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vladimir_Putin_legislation_and_programs" title="List of Vladimir Putin legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_champions" title="National champions">national champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Priority_Projects" title="National Priority Projects">priority projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilization_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation">stabilization fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_nationalism" title="Managed nationalism">Managed nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin%27s_Plan" title="Putin's Plan">Putin's Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Russia" title="Great Recession in Russia">2008–2009 recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)">2014–2016 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">2022 mobilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>International trips <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin" title="List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Vladimir Putin">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States summits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">Geneva 2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">2008 Russo-Georgian war</a></li> <li>North Korea summits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2019 North Korea–Russia summit">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2024 North Korea–Russia summit">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">European energy sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Southern_and_Eastern_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine">2022 annexations in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 Xi Jinping visit to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_visit_by_Vladimir_Putin_to_China" title="2024 visit by Vladimir Putin to China">2024 Vladimir Putin visit to China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Family of Vladimir Putin">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina" title="Lyudmila Putina">Lyudmila Putina</a> (former wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Vorontsova" title="Maria Vorontsova">Maria Vorontsova</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerina_Tikhonova" title="Katerina Tikhonova">Katerina Tikhonova</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pets_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Pets of Vladimir Putin">Pets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konni_(dog)" title="Konni (dog)">Konni</a> (family dog)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiridon_Putin" title="Spiridon Putin">Spiridon Putin</a> (paternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Putin" title="Igor Putin">Igor Putin</a> (first cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Putin" title="Roman Putin">Roman Putin</a> (son of first cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorrit_Faassen" title="Jorrit Faassen">Jorrit Faassen</a> (former son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Shamalov" title="Kirill Shamalov">Kirill Shamalov</a> (former son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Krivonogikh" title="Svetlana Krivonogikh">Svetlana Krivonogikh</a> (alleged mother of another daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alina_Kabaeva" title="Alina Kabaeva">Alina Kabaeva</a> (alleged mother of more Putin children)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Putina" title="Vera Putina">Vera Putina</a> (alleged mother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Public image of Vladimir Putin">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Line_with_Vladimir_Putin" title="Direct Line with Vladimir Putin">Direct Line with Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li>Followers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Russia%27s_Resurrection" title="Chapel of Russia's Resurrection">Chapel of Russia's Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashi_(youth_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashi (youth movement)">Nashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PutinTeam" title="PutinTeam">PutinTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Together" title="Walking Together">Walking Together</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tributes <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Takogo_kak_Putin" class="mw-redirect" title="Takogo kak Putin">A man like Putin</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._Putin!" title="Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!">Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_Peak" title="Vladimir Putin Peak">Vladimir Putin Peak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Criticism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTV_affair" title="NTV affair">NTV affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin_Must_Go" title="Putin Must Go">Putin Must Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin%27s_Palace" title="Putin's Palace">Putin's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin._Corruption" title="Putin. Corruption">Putin. Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin._War" title="Putin. War">Putin. War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinland" title="Putinland">Putinland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putler" title="Putler">Putler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medvedev%E2%80%93Putin_tandemocracy" title="Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy">Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Putin_Interviews" title="The Putin Interviews">The Putin Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin:_The_New_Tsar" title="Putin: The New Tsar">Putin: The New Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin%27s_Palace_(film)" title="Putin's Palace (film)">Putin's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_language" title="Vladimir Putin's language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_political_jokes#Vladimir_Putin" title="Russian political jokes">Jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleged_doubles_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Alleged doubles of Vladimir Putin">Claims of body doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin%27s_incapacity_and_death" title="Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death">Claims of incapacity and death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson%27s_interview_with_Vladimir_Putin" title="Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin">Interview with Tucker Carlson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">← Dmitry Medvedev</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">← Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vladimir_Putin" title="Category:Vladimir Putin">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Russia&#124;alt=Russia_Russia–Ukraine_relations_23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Ukraine&#124;alt=Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Template:Russia–Ukraine relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Template talk:Russia–Ukraine relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russia–Ukraine relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Russia&#124;alt=Russia_Russia–Ukraine_relations_23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Ukraine&#124;alt=Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Russia,_Kyiv" title="Embassy of Russia, Kyiv">Embassy of Russia, Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Ukraine,_Moscow" title="Embassy of Ukraine, Moscow">Embassy of Ukraine, Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Ukraine_to_Russia" title="List of ambassadors of Ukraine to Russia">Ambassadors of Ukraine to Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belovezh_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Belovezh Accords">Belovezh Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massandra_Accords" title="Massandra Accords">Massandra Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_Friendship_Treaty" title="Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty">Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Between_the_Russian_Federation_and_Ukraine_on_Cooperation_in_the_Use_of_the_Sea_of_Azov_and_the_Kerch_Strait" title="Treaty Between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on Cooperation in the Use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait">Treaty Between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on Cooperation in the Use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%2B2_format" title="5+2 format">5+2 format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_December_2013_Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_action_plan" title="17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan">17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_sabotage_activities_in_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian sabotage activities in Ukraine">2014 Russian sabotage activities in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories of Ukraine">Occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories" title="Russian-occupied territories">Russian-occupied territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putin._War" title="Putin. War">Putin. War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_Format" title="Normandy Format">Normandy Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2019)">Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2017_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapad 2017 exercise">Zapad 2017 exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_peace_negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russia–Ukraine peace negotiations">peace negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">disinformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_sanctions_against_Ukraine" title="Russian sanctions against Ukraine">Russian sanctions against Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_book_ban_in_Ukraine" title="Russian book ban in Ukraine">Russian book ban in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_embargo_of_Ukrainian_goods" title="Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods">Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Russian information war against Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">Derussification in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia_Airlines_Flight_1812" title="Siberia Airlines Flight 1812">Siberia Airlines Flight 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remember_about_the_Gas_%E2%80%93_Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!">Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Russia–Ukraine border">Russia–Ukraine border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia–Ukraine relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia–Ukraine relations in the Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_relations" title="Ukraine–Commonwealth of Independent States relations">Ukraine–Commonwealth of Independent States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline" title="Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fiber-Optic_Cable_System" title="Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System">Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITUR" title="ITUR">ITUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Orthodox Church of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian language in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="On the Independence of Ukraine">On the Independence of Ukraine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartak_Moscow%E2%80%93Dynamo_Kyiv_rivalry" title="Spartak Moscow–Dynamo Kyiv rivalry">Spartak Moscow–Dynamo Kyiv rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations">Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Luhansk People's Republic–Russia relations">Luhansk People's Republic–Russia relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">Wars between Russia and Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" 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