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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Units_of_measurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units_of_measurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Units of measurement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Units_of_measurement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Units of measurement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Units_of_measurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Troy_pound_(lb_t)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troy_pound_(lb_t)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Troy pound (lb t)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troy_pound_(lb_t)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troy_ounce_(oz_t)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troy_ounce_(oz_t)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Troy ounce (oz t)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troy_ounce_(oz_t)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pennyweight_(dwt)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pennyweight_(dwt)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pennyweight (dwt)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pennyweight_(dwt)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troy_grain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troy_grain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Troy grain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troy_grain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mint_masses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mint_masses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mint masses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mint_masses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conversions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A" title="وزن تروي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزن تروي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peso_troy" title="Peso troy – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peso troy" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7" title="وزن تروا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزن تروا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4_%EB%AC%B4%EA%B2%8C" title="트로이 무게 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트로이 무게" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B7" title="Տրոյական քաշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տրոյական քաշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_(satuan)" title="Troy (satuan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Troy (satuan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_troy" title="Sistema troy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema troy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E8%A1%A1" title="トロイ衡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トロイ衡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy" title="Troy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Troy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy-yksik%C3%B6t" title="Troy-yksiköt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Troy-yksiköt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troyvikt" title="Troyvikt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Troyvikt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_A%C4%9F%C4%B1rl%C4%B1k_Sistemi" title="Troy Ağırlık Sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Troy Ağırlık Sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%A1%A1%E5%88%B6" title="金衡制 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金衡制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gold1oz.jpg/330px-Gold1oz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gold1oz.jpg/440px-Gold1oz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption><i>Troy ounce</i> is a traditional unit of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> weight.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingots_of_Ge,_Fe,_Al,_Re,_Os,_one_troy_ounce_each_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ingots_of_Ge%2C_Fe%2C_Al%2C_Re%2C_Os%2C_one_troy_ounce_each_%282%29.jpg/220px-Ingots_of_Ge%2C_Fe%2C_Al%2C_Re%2C_Os%2C_one_troy_ounce_each_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ingots_of_Ge%2C_Fe%2C_Al%2C_Re%2C_Os%2C_one_troy_ounce_each_%282%29.jpg/330px-Ingots_of_Ge%2C_Fe%2C_Al%2C_Re%2C_Os%2C_one_troy_ounce_each_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ingots_of_Ge%2C_Fe%2C_Al%2C_Re%2C_Os%2C_one_troy_ounce_each_%282%29.jpg/440px-Ingots_of_Ge%2C_Fe%2C_Al%2C_Re%2C_Os%2C_one_troy_ounce_each_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="2657" /></a><figcaption>One-troy-ounce (480 gr; 31 g) samples of <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg/220px-1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg/330px-1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg/440px-1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Good_Delivery" title="Good Delivery">Good Delivery</a> silver bar weighing 1,000 troy ounces (83 troy pounds; 31 kg)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Troy weight</b> is a system of <a href="/wiki/Physical_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical unit">units</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> that originated in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> in the 15th century<sup id="cite_ref-HallockWade1906_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HallockWade1906-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is primarily used in the <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metals</a> industry. The troy weight units are the <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pennyweight" title="Pennyweight">pennyweight</a> (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the <a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">avoirdupois</a> system, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound. Legally, one troy ounce (oz t) equals exactly 31.1034768 grams. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Troy weight is generally supposed to take its name from the French market town of <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-OED3troy2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED3troy2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>troy</i> is first attested in 1390, describing the weight of a platter, in an account of the travels in Europe of the <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England#Relationship_with_Richard_II" title="Henry IV of England">Earl of Derby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED3troy2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED3troy2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore_Watson" title="Charles Moore Watson">Charles Moore Watson</a> (1844–1916) proposes an alternative etymology: <i>The Assize of Weights and Measures</i> (also known as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Acts_(UK)#Acts_of_Parliament" title="Weights and Measures Acts (UK)">Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris</a></i></span>), one of the <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_uncertain_date" title="Statutes of uncertain date">statutes of uncertain date</a> from the reign of either <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> or <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a>, thus before 1307, specifies "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">troni ponderacionem</i></span>"—which the Public Record Commissioners translate as "troy weight". The word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">troni</i></span> refers to markets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Wright's <i>The English Dialect Dictionary</i> lists the word <i>troi</i> as meaning a <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale#Mechanical_balances" title="Weighing scale">balance</a>, related to the alternate form 'tron' which also means market or the place of weighing. From this, Watson suggests that 'troy' derives from the manner of weighing by balance precious goods such as bullion or drugs; in contrast to the word 'avoirdupois' used to describe bulk goods such as corn or coal, sometimes weighed in ancient times by a kind of <a href="/wiki/Steelyard_balance" title="Steelyard balance">steelyard</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Auncel" title="Auncel">auncel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CMW1910_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMW1910-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Troy weight referred to the <a href="/wiki/English_units#Troy_and_Tower" title="English units">Tower system</a>; the earliest reference to the modern troy weights is in 1414.<sup id="cite_ref-CMW1910_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMW1910-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the troy weight system is unknown. Although the name probably comes from the <a href="/wiki/Champagne_fairs" title="Champagne fairs">Champagne fairs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>, in northeastern France.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English troy weights were nearly identical to the troy weight system of <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>. (The Bremen troy ounce had a mass of 480.8 British Imperial grains.)<sup id="cite_ref-1977zupko_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1977zupko-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many aspects of the troy weight system were indirectly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman monetary system</a>. Before they used coins, early <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> used bronze bars of varying weights as currency. An <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Aes_grave" title="Aes grave">aes grave</a></i></span> ("heavy bronze") weighed one <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">pound</a>. One twelfth of an <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">aes grave</i></span> was called an <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units_of_measurement#Weight" title="Ancient Roman units of measurement">uncia</a></i></span>, or in English, an "ounce". Before the adoption of the metric system, many systems of troy weights were in use in various parts of Europe, among them Holland troy, Paris troy, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their values varied from one another by up to several percentage points. Troy weights were first used in England in the 15th century and were made official for gold and silver in 1527.<sup id="cite_ref-HallockWade1906_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HallockWade1906-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Imperial system of weights and measures (also known as <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial units</a>) was established in 1824, prior to which the troy weight system was a subset of pre-Imperial <a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a>. </p><p>The troy ounce in modern use is essentially the same as the British Imperial troy ounce (1824–1971), adopted as an official weight standard for <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> coinage by act of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> on May 19, 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Imperial troy ounce (known more commonly simply as the imperial troy ounce) was based on, and virtually identical with, the pre-1824 British troy ounce and the pre-1707 English troy ounce. (1824 was the year the British Imperial system of weights and measures was adopted; 1707 was the year of the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Act of Union</a> which created the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>.) Troy ounces have been used in England since the early 15th century, and the English troy ounce was officially adopted for coinage in 1527. Before that time, various sorts of troy ounces were in use on the continent.<sup id="cite_ref-1977zupko_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1977zupko-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The troy ounce and grain were also part of the <a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">apothecaries' system</a>. This was long used in medicine, but has been largely replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a> (milligrams).<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only troy weight in widespread use is the British Imperial troy ounce and its American counterpart. Both are based on a grain of 0.06479891 gram (exact, by definition), with 480 grains to a troy ounce (compared with <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">437<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> grains for an ounce avoirdupois). The British Empire abolished the 12-ounce troy pound in the 19th century. It has been retained, though rarely used, in the American system. Larger amounts of precious metals are conventionally counted in hundreds or thousands of troy ounces, or in kilograms. </p><p>Troy ounces have been and are still often used in precious metal markets in countries that otherwise use <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank of China</a> has previously used troy measurements in minting <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Gold_Panda#Revised_weights" title="Chinese Gold Panda">Gold Pandas</a> beginning in 1982; since 2016, the use of troy ounces has been replaced by integer numbers of grams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Units_of_measurement">Units of measurement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Units of measurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_of_pounds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Comparison_of_pounds.svg/400px-Comparison_of_pounds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Comparison_of_pounds.svg/600px-Comparison_of_pounds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Comparison_of_pounds.svg/800px-Comparison_of_pounds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Chart comparing the mass (in grams) of tower, Troy, merchant, avoirdupois and London pounds. Each colored block represents one of that system's ounces (gold=Troy, blue= avoirdupois, purple=tower)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troy_pound_(lb_t)"><span id="Troy_pound_.28lb_t.29"></span>Troy pound (lb t) <span class="anchor" id="Troy_pound"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Troy pound (lb t)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TroyPoundEngraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/TroyPoundEngraving.jpg/220px-TroyPoundEngraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/TroyPoundEngraving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>The standard British troy pound manufactured in 1758; it bears the abbreviation <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E2%84%94" class="mw-redirect" title="℔">℔</a></span> ("pound") and the letter "T" for troy.</figcaption></figure> <p>The troy pound (lb t) consists of twelve troy ounces<sup id="cite_ref-Perth_Mint_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perth_Mint-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus is <span style="white-space: nowrap">5<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">760</span></span> grains (<span style="white-space: nowrap">373.241<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">72</span></span> grams). (An avoirdupois pound is approximately 21.53% heavier at <span style="white-space: nowrap">7<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> grains (<span style="white-space: nowrap">453.592<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">37</span></span> grams), and consists of sixteen avoirdupois ounces). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troy_ounce_(oz_t)"><span id="Troy_ounce_.28oz_t.29"></span>Troy ounce (oz t) <span class="anchor" id="Troy_ounce"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Troy ounce (oz t)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A troy ounce weighs 480 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (mass)">grains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perth_Mint_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perth_Mint-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/International_yard_and_pound" title="International yard and pound">international yard and pound</a> agreement of 1 July 1959, the grain measure is defined as precisely <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001647989100000000♠"></span>64.798<span style="margin-left:.25em;">91</span> <a href="/wiki/Milligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligram">milligrams</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: C-19">: C-19 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbs447_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbs447-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus one troy ounce = 480 grains × <span style="white-space: nowrap">0.064<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">798</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">91</span></span> grams/grain = <span style="white-space: nowrap">31.103<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">476</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">80</span></span> grams. Since the ounce avoirdupois is defined as 437.5 grains, a troy ounce is exactly <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">480</span>⁄<span class="den">437.5</span></span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">192</span>⁄<span class="den">175</span></span> or about 1.09714 ounces avoirdupois or about 9.7% more. The troy ounce for trading precious metals is considered to be sufficiently approximated by 31.10 g in EU directive 80/181/EEC.<sup id="cite_ref-80/181/EER_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80/181/EER-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch troy system is based on a mark of 8 ounces, the ounce of 20 engels (pennyweights), the engel of 32 as. The mark was rated as 3,798 troy grains or 246.084 grammes. The divisions are identical to the tower system.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pennyweight_(dwt)"><span id="Pennyweight_.28dwt.29"></span>Pennyweight (dwt)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pennyweight (dwt)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pennyweight" title="Pennyweight">pennyweight</a> symbol is <i>dwt</i>. One pennyweight weighs 24 grains, and 20 pennyweights make one troy ounce.<sup id="cite_ref-Perth_Mint_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perth_Mint-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because there were 12 troy ounces in the old troy pound, there would have been 240 pennyweights to the pound (mass) –  just as there were 240 pennies in the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling#Anglo-Saxon,_c_800_CE" title="Pound sterling">original pound-sterling</a>. However, prior to 1526, the English <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> was based on the <a href="/wiki/Tower_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower pound">tower pound</a>, which is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">15</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> of a troy pound. The <i>d</i> in <i>dwt</i> stands for <i><a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarius</a></i>, the ancient Roman coin that equates loosely to a penny. The symbol <i>d</i> for penny can be recognized in the form of British pre-decimal pennies, in which pounds, shillings, and pence were indicated using the symbols <i>£</i>, <i>s</i>, and <i>d</i>, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troy_grain">Troy grain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Troy grain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grain_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (mass)">Grain (mass)</a></div> <p>There is no specific 'troy grain'. All <a href="/wiki/Imperial_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial unit">Imperial systems</a> use the same measure of mass called a grain (historically of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>), each weighing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">7000</span></span> of an avoirdupois pound (and thus a little under 65 milligrams).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mint_masses">Mint masses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mint masses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mint masses, also known as <i>moneyers' masses</i>, were legalized by Act of Parliament dated 17 July 1649 entitled <i>An Act touching the monies and coins of England</i>. A grain is 20 mites, a mite is 24 droits, a droit is 20 perits, a perit is 24 blanks.<sup id="cite_ref-Britain)1891_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britain)1891-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miege_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miege-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversions">Conversions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conversions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit</th> <th>Grains</th> <th>Grams (exact) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Troy pound (12 troy ounces)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,760</td> <td style="text-align:right;">373.24172 16<span style="visibility:hidden;">0</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Troy ounce (20 pennyweights)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">480</td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.10347 68<span style="visibility:hidden;">0</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pennyweight</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.55517 384 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grain</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.06479 891 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable right" style="text-align:center"> <caption>English pounds </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Unit <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_pounds" title="Template:English pounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_pounds" title="Template talk:English pounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_pounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English pounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th> <th colspan="11" style="border-left-width:2px">Pounds </th> <th colspan="6" style="border-left-width:2px">Ounces </th> <th colspan="2" style="border-left-width:2px">Grains </th> <th colspan="2" style="border-left-width:2px">Metric </th></tr> <tr> <th style="border-left-width:2px" title="avoirdupois" colspan="2">Avdp.</th> <th colspan="2">Troy</th> <th colspan="2">Tower</th> <th colspan="2">Merchant</th> <th colspan="2">London</th> <th>Metric </th> <th style="border-left-width:2px" title="avoirdupois" colspan="2">Avdp.</th> <th colspan="2">Troy</th> <th colspan="2">Tower </th> <th style="border-left-width:2px" title="also avoirdupois">Troy</th> <th title="wheat">Tower </th> <th style="border-left-width:2px" title="grams, slightly rounded">g</th> <th title="kilograms, rounded">kg </th></tr> <tr> <th>Avoirdupois </th> <td colspan="2" style="color:black;background:silver;border-left-width:2px">1 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">175</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">144</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.2152<span style="text-decoration:overline;">7</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">35</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">27</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.<span style="text-decoration:overline;">296</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">28</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">27</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.<span style="text-decoration:overline;">037</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">35</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">36</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.97<span style="text-decoration:overline;">2</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.9072 </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-left-width:2px"><b>16</b> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠14<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">7</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">12</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 14.58<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠15<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">5</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">9</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 15.<span style="text-decoration:overline;">5</span> </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">7,000 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠9,955<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">5</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">9</span></span>⁠</span> </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">≈ 454</td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left">≈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">5</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">11</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Troy </th> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">144</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">175</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.8229 </td> <td colspan="2" style="color:black;background:silver">1 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">16</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">15</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.0<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">64</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">75</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.85<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">4</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">5</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.7465 </td> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠13<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">29</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">175</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 13.17 </td> <td colspan="2"><b>12</b> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">4</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">5</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 12.8 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">5,760</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8,192 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">≈ 373</td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left">≈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">3</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">8</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tower </th> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">27</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">35</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.7714 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">15</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">16</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.9375 </td> <td colspan="2" style="color:black;background:silver">1 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">4</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">5</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.8 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">3</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.75 </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.6998 </td> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">12</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">35</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 12.34 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 11.25 </td> <td colspan="2"><b>12</b> </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">5,400</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7,680 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">≈ 350 </td> <td style="border-right:0">≈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">7</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">20</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Merchant </th> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">27</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">28</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.9643 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">75</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">64</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.171875 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">5</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.25 </td> <td colspan="2" style="color:black;background:silver">1 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">15</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">16</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 0.9375 </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.8748 </td> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠15<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">3</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">7</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 15.43 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠14<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">16</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 14.0625 </td> <td colspan="2">15 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">6,750</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9,600 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">≈ 437</td> <td style="border-left:0">≈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">7</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">16</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>London </th> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">36</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">35</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 1.029 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">5</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.25 </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">4</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span> </td> <td style="border-right:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">16</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">15</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">= 1.0<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="color:black;background:silver">1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 0.9331 </td> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠16<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">16</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">35</span></span>⁠</span></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 16.46 </td> <td colspan="2">15 </td> <td colspan="2">16 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">7,200</td> <td>10,240 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">≈ 467</td> <td style="border-left:0">≈ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">7</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">15</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Metric </th> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 1.1023 </td> <td style="border-right:0"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 1.3396 </td> <td style="border-right:0"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 1.4289 </td> <td style="border-right:0"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 1.1431 </td> <td style="border-right:0"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 1.0717 </td> <td style="color:black;background:silver">1 </td> <td style="border-right:0;border-left-width:2px"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 17.64 </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 16.08 </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;text-align:left;font-size:smaller">≈ 17.15 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px;color:gray">7,716</td> <td style="color:gray">10,974 </td> <td style="border-left-width:2px">= 500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">= <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The troy system was used in the <a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">apothecaries' system</a> but with different further subdivisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullion_coin" title="Bullion coin">Bullion coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">Carat (mass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_(unit)" title="Mark (unit)">Mark (unit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tola_(unit)" title="Tola (unit)">Tola (unit)</a>, a traditional unit of mass equal to exactly <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> of a troy ounce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary units</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_footnotes">Explanatory footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Explanatory footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because an avoirdupois pound weighs 7000 grains and a pound is <a href="/wiki/International_Yard_and_Pound_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="International Yard and Pound Agreement">legally defined</a> as having a mass of exactly 0.45359237<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg (453.59237 g, 453592.37 mg), one grain weighs 453592.37/7000<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg (or nominally 64.79891<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg to seven <a href="/wiki/Significant_figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Significant figure">significant figures</a>, but this would be an example of <a href="/wiki/False_precision" title="False precision">false precision</a>.)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HallockWade1906-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HallockWade1906_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HallockWade1906_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHallockWade1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Hallock" title="William Hallock">Hallock, William</a>; Wade, Herbert Treadwell (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outlinesevoluti00hallgoog"><i>Outlines of the Evolution of Weights and Measures and the Metric System</i></a>. New York and London: The Macmillan Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outlinesevoluti00hallgoog/page/n58">34</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+the+Evolution+of+Weights+and+Measures+and+the+Metric+System&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Hallock&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Wade%2C+Herbert+Treadwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutlinesevoluti00hallgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED3troy2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED3troy2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED3troy2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/206831">"troy, n.<sup>2</sup>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. June 2012. <q>The received opinion is that it took its name from a weight used at the fair of Troyes in France</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=troy%2C+n.%3Csup%3E2%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F206831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartridge1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Partridge" title="Eric Partridge">Partridge, Eric</a> (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsshortetym0000part_z7h8">"Trojan"</a></span>. <i>Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English</i>. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 3566. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/250202885">250202885</a>. <q>...the great fairs established for all Europe the weight-standard <i>Troyes</i>, whence...<i>Troy</i>...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trojan&rft.btitle=Origins%3A+A+Short+Etymological+Dictionary+of+Modern+English&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3566&rft.pub=Routledge+and+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F250202885&rft.aulast=Partridge&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginsshortetym0000part_z7h8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1894" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Toulmin_Smith" title="Lucy Toulmin Smith">Smith, L. Toulmin</a> (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/expeditionstopr00smitgoog"><i>Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land Made by Henry Earl of Derby (afterwards King Henry IV.) in the Years 1390-1 and 1392-3</i></a>. London: Camden Society. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/expeditionstopr00smitgoog/page/n220">100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expeditions+to+Prussia+and+the+Holy+Land+Made+by+Henry+Earl+of+Derby+%28afterwards+King+Henry+IV.%29+in+the+Years+1390-1+and+1392-3&rft.place=London&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Camden+Society&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=L.+Toulmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexpeditionstopr00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMW1910-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CMW1910_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMW1910_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1910" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Charles Moore (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/britishweightsme00watsuoft/"><i>British weights and measures as described in the laws of England from Anglo-Saxon times</i></a>. London: John Murray. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4566577">4566577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+weights+and+measures+as+described+in+the+laws+of+England+from+Anglo-Saxon+times&rft.place=London&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1910&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4566577&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Charles+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbritishweightsme00watsuoft%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wright_(linguist)" title="Joseph Wright (linguist)">Wright, Joseph</a> (1898). <i>The English Dialect Dictionary</i>. Vol. 6. Oxford: English Dialect Society. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63381077">63381077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Dialect+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=English+Dialect+Society&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63381077&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1809" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Adam (1809). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeJMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35"><i>An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: T. Hamilton. p. 35. <q>The French livre contained, in the time of Charlemagne, a pound, Troyes weight, of silver of a known finess. The fair of Troyes in Champaign was at that time frequented by all the nations of Europe, and the weights and measures of so famous a market were generally known and esteemed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Inquiry+Into+the+Nature+and+Causes+of+the+Wealth+of+Nations&rft.place=London&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=T.+Hamilton&rft.date=1809&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPeJMAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1977zupko-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1977zupko_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1977zupko_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZupko1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Edward_Zupko" title="Ronald Edward Zupko">Zupko, Ronald Edward</a> (1977). <i>British Weights and Measures: A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 28–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-07340-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-07340-4"><bdi>978-0-299-07340-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Weights+and+Measures%3A+A+History+from+Antiquity+to+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pages=28-9&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-299-07340-4&rft.aulast=Zupko&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1811" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Patrick (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iqtLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20"><i>The Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor</i></a>. 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The Macmillan company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outlinesevoluti00wadegoog/page/n134">119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+the+evolution+of+weights+and+measures+and+the+metric+system&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+company&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Hallock%2C+Wade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutlinesevoluti00wadegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary.com_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/troy%20ounce">"Troy Ounce"</a>. <i>WordNet 3.0, Dictionary.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.boerse-frankfurt.de&rft.atitle=B%C3%B6rse+Frankfurt%3A+Aktien%2C+Kurse%2C+Charts+und+Nachrichten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boerse-frankfurt.de%2Fde%2Frohstoffe%2Fxetra%2Bgold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perthmint.com.au/education_uom.aspx">"Units of Measure - The Perth Mint"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071802/http://www.perthmint.com.au/education_uom.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Units+of+Measure+-+The+Perth+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthmint.com.au%2Feducation_uom.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.numismaster.com/ta/numis/Article.jsp?ArticleId=28158">"Do grams or ounces win?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506234211/http://www.numismaster.com/ta/numis/Article.jsp?ArticleId=28158">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+grams+or+ounces+win%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.numismaster.com%2Fta%2Fnumis%2FArticle.jsp%3FArticleId%3D28158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perth_Mint-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perth_Mint_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perth_Mint_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perth_Mint_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607051942/https://www.perthmint.com/education_uom.aspx">"Units of measure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perth_Mint" title="Perth Mint">Perth Mint</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perthmint.com/education_uom.aspx">the original</a> on 7 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Units+of+measure&rft.pub=Perth+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthmint.com%2Feducation_uom.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf">"Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617040949/http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-06-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/h44-12.cfm"><i>Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160823052024/http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/h44-12.cfm">Archived</a> 2016-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NIST Handbook. <b>44</b> (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0271-4027">0271-4027</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225104227/https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0271-4027">Archived</a> 2022-12-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58927093">58927093</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbs447-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbs447_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudson1976" class="citation book cs1">Judson, Lewis V. (March 1976) [October 1963]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603064530/https://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp447/index.cfm">"8. Refinement of values for the yard and pound"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp447/index.cfm"><i>Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A brief history</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NBS Special Publication. Vol. 447. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/610190761">610190761</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/sec08.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.+Refinement+of+values+for+the+yard+and+pound&rft.btitle=Weights+and+Measures+Standards+of+the+United+States%3A+A+brief+history&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=NBS+Special+Publication&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce%2C+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1976-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F610190761&rft.aulast=Judson&rft.aufirst=Lewis+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2FPubs%2FSP447%2Fsec08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80/181/EER-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80/181/EER_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:01980L0181-20200613#tocId31">"Consolidated TEXT: 31980L0181 — EN — 13.06.2020"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolidated+TEXT%3A+31980L0181+%E2%80%94+EN+%E2%80%94+13.06.2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2FHTML%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A01980L0181-20200613%23tocId31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1835" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Patric (1835). <i>Universal Cambist</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Cambist&rft.place=London&rft.date=1835&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Patric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britain)1891-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britain)1891_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k2xXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA675"><i>A new English dictionary on historical principles: founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society</i></a>. Philological Society (Great Britain). 1891. p. 675 – via Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+new+English+dictionary+on+historical+principles%3A+founded+mainly+on+the+materials+collected+by+the+Philological+Society&rft.pages=675&rft.pub=Philological+Society+%28Great+Britain%29&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk2xXAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miege-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miege_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiege1738" class="citation book cs1">Miege, Guy (1738). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BDs2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA307"><i>The Present State of Great Britain and Ireland</i></a>. J. Brotherton, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, G. Strahan, W. Mears, R. Ware, E. Symon, and J. Clark. p. 307.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Present+State+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=J.+Brotherton%2C+A.+Bettesworth+and+C.+Hitch%2C+G.+Strahan%2C+W.+Mears%2C+R.+Ware%2C+E.+Symon%2C+and+J.+Clark&rft.date=1738&rft.aulast=Miege&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBDs2AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroy+weight" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Systems_of_measurement" title="Template:Systems of measurement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Systems_of_measurement" title="Template talk:Systems of measurement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Systems_of_measurement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Systems of measurement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Systems_of_measurement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/System_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="System of measurement">Systems of measurement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units (SI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">UK imperial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">US customary units (USCS/USC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_units_of_measurement" title="Hong Kong units of measurement">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apothecaries%27_system" title="Apothecaries' system">Apothecaries'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_system_of_units" title="Astronomical system of units">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_electrical_unit" title="Conventional electrical unit">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_Units" title="English Engineering Units">English Engineering Units</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_units" title="Natural units">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_units" title="Atomic units">Atomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometrized_unit_system" title="Geometrized unit system">Geometrised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%E2%80%93Lorentz_units" title="Heaviside–Lorentz units">Heaviside–Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_units" title="Planck units">Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_units#Quantum_chromodynamics_units" title="Natural units">Quantum chromodynamical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_units" title="Stoney units">Stoney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Metric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_metric_system" title="Outline of the metric system">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_metric_system" title="History of the metric system">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrication" title="Metrication">Metrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">UK/US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Imperial and US customary measurement systems">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second</a> (FPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Metric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MKS_system_of_units" class="mw-redirect" title="MKS system of units">metre–kilogram–second</a> (MKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre%E2%80%93tonne%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Metre–tonne–second system of units">metre–tonne–second</a> (MTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">centimetre–gram–second</a> (CGS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_metric_system" title="Gravitational metric system">gravitational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cornish_units_of_measurement" title="Old Cornish units of measurement">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_units_of_measurement" title="Cypriot units of measurement">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_units_of_measurement" title="Czech units of measurement">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_units_of_measurement" title="Danish units of measurement">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_units_of_measurement" title="Dutch units of measurement">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_units_of_measurement" title="Estonian units of measurement">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Finnish_units_of_measurement" title="Obsolete Finnish units of measurement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_units_of_measurement" title="French units of measurement">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_French_units_of_measurement" title="Traditional French units of measurement">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">Mesures usuelles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_German_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete German units of measurement">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_units_of_measurement" title="Greek units of measurement">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_units_of_measurement" title="Byzantine units of measurement">Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_units_of_measurement" title="Hungarian units of measurement">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_units_of_measurement" title="Icelandic units of measurement">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Irish units of measurement">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_units_of_measurement" title="Italian units of measurement">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_units_of_measurement" title="Latvian units of measurement">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgian_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgian units of measurement">Luxembourgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_units_of_measurement" title="Maltese units of measurement">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_units_of_measurement" title="Norwegian units of measurement">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_units_of_measurement" title="Ottoman units of measurement">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_units_of_measurement" title="Polish units of measurement">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_units_of_measurement" title="Portuguese units of measurement">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_units_of_measurement" title="Romanian units of measurement">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Russian_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Russian units of measurement">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_units" title="Scottish units">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Serbian_units_of_measurement" title="Obsolete Serbian units of measurement">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_units_of_measurement" title="Slovak units of measurement">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_units_of_measurement" title="Spanish units of measurement">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_units_of_measurement" title="Swedish units of measurement">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_units_of_measurement" title="Swiss units of measurement">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_units" title="Welsh units">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_units_of_measurement" title="Afghan units of measurement">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_units_of_measurement" title="Cambodian units of measurement">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_units_of_measurement" title="Indian units of measurement">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_units_of_measurement" title="Indonesian units of measurement">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement" title="Japanese units of measurement">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_units_of_measurement" title="Korean units of measurement">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_units" title="Mongolian units">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_units_of_measurement" title="Myanmar units of measurement">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_customary_units_of_measurement" title="Nepalese customary units of measurement">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_units_of_measurement" title="Omani units of measurement">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement_systems_in_Pakistan" title="History of measurement systems in Pakistan">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_units_of_measurement" title="Philippine units of measurement">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abucco" title="Abucco">Pegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_units_of_measurement" title="Singaporean units of measurement">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_units_of_measurement" title="Sri Lankan units of measurement">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_units_of_measurement" title="Syrian units of measurement">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_units_of_measurement" title="Taiwanese units of measurement">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Tatar_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Tatar units of measurement">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_units_of_measurement" title="Thai units of measurement">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_units_of_measurement" title="Algerian units of measurement">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_units_of_measurement" title="Ethiopian units of measurement">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_units_of_measurement" title="Egyptian units of measurement">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_units_of_measurement" title="Eritrean units of measurement">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_units_of_measurement" title="Guinean units of measurement">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_units_of_measurement" title="Libyan units of measurement">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_units_of_measurement" title="Malagasy units of measurement">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_units_of_measurement" title="Mauritian units of measurement">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_units_of_measurement" title="Moroccan units of measurement">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_units_of_measurement" title="Seychellois units of measurement">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_units_of_measurement" title="Somali units of measurement">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_units_of_measurement" title="South African units of measurement">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_units_of_measurement" title="Tunisian units of measurement">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_units_of_measurement" title="Tanzanian units of measurement">Tanzanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_units_of_measurement" title="Costa Rican units of measurement">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_units_of_measurement" title="Cuban units of measurement">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_units_of_measurement" title="Haitian units of measurement">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_units_of_measurement" title="Honduran units of measurement">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_units_of_measurement" title="Mexican units of measurement">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_units_of_measurement" title="Nicaraguan units of measurement">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_units_of_measurement" title="Puerto Rican units of measurement">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_units_of_measurement" title="Argentine units of measurement">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_units_of_measurement" title="Bolivian units of measurement">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_units_of_measurement" title="Brazilian units of measurement">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_units_of_measurement" title="Chilean units of measurement">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_units_of_measurement" title="Colombian units of measurement">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_units_of_measurement" title="Paraguayan units of measurement">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_units_of_measurement" title="Peruvian units of measurement">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_units_of_measurement" title="Uruguayan units of measurement">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_units_of_measurement" title="Venezuelan units of measurement">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Arabic_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Arabic units of measurement">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement" title="Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement">Biblical and Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Egyptian units of measurement">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Greek units of measurement">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_measurement_systems_in_India" title="History of measurement systems in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_units_of_measurement" title="Persian units of measurement">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Roman units of measurement">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humorous_units_of_measurement" title="List of humorous units of measurement">Humorous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_obsolete_units_of_measurement" title="List of obsolete units of measurement">Obsolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unusual_units_of_measurement" title="List of unusual units of measurement">Unusual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_scale" title="Absolute scale">Absolute scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-body_units" title="N-body units">N-body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulor" title="Modulor">Modulor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&oldid=1258215156">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troy_weight&oldid=1258215156</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Precious_metals" title="Category:Precious metals">Precious metals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Systems_of_units" title="Category:Systems of units">Systems of 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