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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" 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href="#单向的传播模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>单向的传播模式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-单向的传播模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-循环的传播模式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#循环的传播模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>循环的传播模式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-循环的传播模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播学史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播学史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>传播学史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传播学史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-傳播学的分支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#傳播学的分支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>傳播学的分支</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-傳播学的分支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播学相关领域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播学相关领域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>传播学相关领域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传播学相关领域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播学经典著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播学经典著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>传播学经典著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传播学经典著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">传播学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。23种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84" title="دراسات التواصل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دراسات التواصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunikasiya%C5%9F%C3%BCnasl%C4%B1q" title="Kommunikasiyaşünaslıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kommunikasiyaşünaslıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Комуникационни изследвания – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Комуникационни изследвания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunikationswissenschaft" title="Kommunikationswissenschaft – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kommunikationswissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Communication studies" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikadaj_studoj" title="Komunikadaj studoj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komunikadaj studoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicolog%C3%ADa" title="Comunicología – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comunicología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="مطالعات ارتباطی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مطالعات ارتباطی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedotusoppi" title="Tiedotusoppi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiedotusoppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_de_l%27information_et_de_la_communication" title="Sciences de l'information et de la communication – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sciences de l'information et de la communication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunik%C3%A1ci%C3%B3tan" title="Kommunikációtan – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kommunikációtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajian_komunikasi" title="Kajian komunikasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kajian komunikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="コミュニケーション学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コミュニケーション学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EB%A1%A0%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%99" title="언론정보학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="언론정보학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Харилцааны судалгаа – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Харилцааны судалгаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajian_komunikasi" title="Kajian komunikasi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kajian komunikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_social" title="Comunicação social – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunicação social" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Коммуникационные исследования – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коммуникационные исследования" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Communication studies" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca_e_komunikimit" title="Shkenca e komunikimit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca e komunikimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araling_pangkomunikasyon" title="Araling pangkomunikasyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Araling pangkomunikasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0leti%C5%9Fim_bilimleri" title="İletişim bilimleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İletişim bilimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="傳理學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="傳理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11680831#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳播學">傳播學</a>的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:传播学">討論頁</a>。<br />另見其他<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:需要傳播學专家关注的页面（页面不存在）">需要傳播學專家關注的頁面</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>传播学</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Communication studies</span>）的研究对象有着多种表达，概况的说，传播学是研究人际与社会信息的传递、社会信息系统运行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="学科">学科</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>传播的概念同样有着来自不同学科视角和不同侧重的表达，传播的定义主要概况为六种：传播是传递，传播是共享与互动，传播是控制，传播是撒播，传播是权力，传播是游戏。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="话语研究（页面不存在）">话语研究</a>可以探究这六种定义的原因以及这些定义蕴含的几种传播概念。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">传播学通常分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="大众传播">大众传播</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="組織傳播">组织传播</a>，集体传播，人际传播，人内传播五个部分。按传播的媒介分，可分出口语传播，文字传播，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非语言交流（页面不存在）">非语言传播</a>，数字传播等几个分支。按信息内容及目的来分，又涉及出<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学">新闻学</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="公共关系学">公共关系学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="廣告學">廣告學</a>等专业。这些领域的研究内容是与传播学的研究相互重叠的。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2024年8月31日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在中国古代，人们通过<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%BF%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="驿站">驿站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E9%B8%BD%E4%BC%A0%E4%B9%A6" title="飞鸽传书">飞鸽传书</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%BD%E7%81%AB%E6%8A%A5%E8%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烽火报警（页面不存在）">烽火报警</a>、符號、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="身體語言">身體語言</a>、眼神、觸碰等方式进行信息传递。到了今天，随着科学水平的飞速发展，相继出现了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">无线电</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="固定电话">固定电话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="移动电话">移动电话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A8%8A%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="視訊電話">視訊電話</a>等各种通信方式，信息的传播可以覆盖全球并且在人们的生活中扮演着日趋重要角色。而与此同时，通信技术的发展极大的丰富了传播学研究的理论和内容，并且与其它学科之间的联系也更加繁复。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="典型的传播模式"><span id=".E5.85.B8.E5.9E.8B.E7.9A.84.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>典型的传播模式</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：典型的传播模式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="单向的传播模式"><span id=".E5.8D.95.E5.90.91.E7.9A.84.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>单向的传播模式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：单向的传播模式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拉斯韋爾的5W模式： </p> <ul><li>傳者/發訊者（Source/Sender）：<b>w</b>ho</li> <li>訊息（Message）：say <b>w</b>hat</li> <li>渠道（Channel）：in <b>w</b>hich channel</li> <li>受眾/受傳者（Receiver）：to <b>w</b>hom</li> <li>效果（Effect）：with <b>w</b>hat effect</li></ul> <p>香农的信息论模式：信源→编码→信道→解码→信宿 </p><p>其過程，簡而言之，是發訊者將訊息以語言、文字或其他方式編碼（Encode），再透過溝通渠道傳遞到接受者，由接受者自己解碼（Decode）出發訊者的訊息。以電台這種大眾傳播媒介為例，電台的員工（發訊者）將資訊（如新聞）以聲音加密，透過大氣電波（大眾傳播媒介）這渠道，傳送到聽眾（接受者），聽眾（受眾）在腦海中解讀聲音，從而得到資訊。 </p><p>这两种模式的共同点是将信息的传递看成单项的过程，而忽略了受众的能动性和信息从接收者反馈给发送者的过程，香农模式注意到了噪音，但将信息传递中社会环境的影响并不是噪音可以解释的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="循环的传播模式"><span id=".E5.BE.AA.E7.8E.AF.E7.9A.84.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>循环的传播模式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：循环的传播模式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>奥斯古德和施拉姆的模式中，每个传播者既是加工信息的人，也是解释和翻译信息的人，他们既传出信息又编辑信息，同时作出理解。这个模式的是针对人际传播的，暗示着传播者互相是拥有平等的传播机会和理解能力，而在社会中许多人的政治地位，文化水平和经济都是有差异的。 </p><p>徳弗勒的互动模式在香农的基础上而来，不再是单项的传播，将编码和解码换成了发射器和接收器，增加了噪音对传播中每一环节的影响。这个模式更加符合普遍的传播过程，且加深了学者们对噪音的理解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="传播学史"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E5.AD.A6.E5.8F.B2"></span>传播学史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：传播学史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如果将传播定义为信息的传递，那从原始社会以来，人类交流传播这个过程一直在进行。但是传播成为一专门学科是从<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="二十世纪">二十世纪</a>的美國开始的。不少大学在二十世纪中开始成立新闻传播学院，四五十年代正式由施拉姆建立成一门学科，而<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>传播学研究则起步更晚，于80年后才开始。 </p><p>一战后宣传研究的兴起使各国的人们和政府意识到了宣传的力量，广播公司的兴起使得市场研究开始注重于受众的喜好。二战时众多欧洲学者包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="卡尔·霍夫兰德">卡尔·霍夫兰</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7F%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%89%8E%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="保罗·F·拉扎斯菲尔德">保罗·拉扎斯菲尔德</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%9A%E8%AB%BE" title="狄奧多·阿多諾">阿多诺</a>等学者也前往美国避难。这些社会科学领域跨学科的学者们后来被美国政府聚集在华盛顿，进行几种类型的传播研究。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如卡尔·霍夫兰等人关于电影说服的研究，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE" title="哈羅德·拉斯威爾">拉斯韦尔</a>等人关于宣传内容的研究等等。战后一些曾为传播学做出贡献的学者回到原先的领域，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" class="mw-disambig" title="施拉姆">施拉姆</a>则是在战后萌生了创立一个新学科的想法<b>。</b> </p><p>传播学是一门非常年轻的学科，在20世纪中期建立。在美国大学里建立一个新的科学领域是一件极其罕见的事件。自1900年左右，即当5个传统的社会科学（经济学、心理学、政治学、社会学和人类学）建立以后，只有极少的新的学术领域能够发展起来。作为传播学学科地位的的确立者，施拉姆确实做出了不可替代的贡献。他于1947年在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="伊利諾大學">伊利诺大学</a>创造了第一个传播学院，是世界上第一个具有传播学教授和系主任头衔的人。他在1948年撰写了第一部传播学课程的教科书《现代社会的传播》，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">施拉姆创立传播学的标志是1949年由他编撰的第一本权威性的传播学著作——《大众传播学》的出版。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2019年11月9日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="傳播学的分支"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E6.92.AD.E5.AD.A6.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF"></span>傳播学的分支</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：傳播学的分支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>傳播可以分為以下幾類： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我傳播（页面不存在）">自我傳播</a>（Intrapersonal communication）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%9A%9B%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A" title="人際溝通">人際傳播</a> (Interpersonal Communication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="組織傳播">組織傳播</a> (Organizational Communication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大眾傳播">大眾傳播</a> (Mass Communication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%A4%96%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="對外傳播">對外傳播</a> (International Communication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%8F%B2" title="传播史">传播史</a> (Communication History)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="网络传播学">网络传播学</a> (Internet Communication)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="传播效果研究（页面不存在）">传播效果研究</a>：传播学的微观研究，分析如何有效传达信息，控制<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="噪声">噪音</a>的負作用。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="科技传播学">科技传播学</a> (Science Communication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学">新闻学</a> (Journalism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%91%8A%E5%AD%A6" title="广告学">广告学</a> (Advertisement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="公共关系学">公共关系学</a> (Public Relations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%B4%A0%E9%A4%8A" title="媒體素養">媒體素養</a> (Media Literacy)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傳播生態學（页面不存在）">傳播生態學</a> (Media Ecology)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视觉传播学（页面不存在）">视觉传播学</a> (Visual Communication)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发展传播学（页面不存在）">发展传播学</a> (Developmental Communication)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="健康传播学（页面不存在）">健康传播学</a> (Health Communication)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦輔助溝通">電腦中介傳播</a> (Computer-Mediated Communication)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="传播学相关领域"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E5.AD.A6.E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E9.A2.86.E5.9F.9F"></span>传播学相关领域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：传播学相关领域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="认知语言学">认知语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对话分析研究（页面不存在）">对话分析研究</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="话语分析研究（页面不存在）">话语分析研究</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环境传播（页面不存在）">环境传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="大众传播">大众传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="政治傳播">政治传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="符号学">符号学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="社会语言学">社会语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="认知心理学">认知心理学</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="传播学经典著作"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E5.AD.A6.E7.BB.8F.E5.85.B8.E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>传播学经典著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：传播学经典著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="李普曼">李普曼</a>：《公众舆论》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%89%8E%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="拉扎斯菲尔德">拉扎斯菲尔德</a>：《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人民的选择（页面不存在）">人民的选择</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="拉斯韦尔">拉斯韦尔</a>：《社会传播的结构与功能》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="卡尔·霍夫兰德">霍夫兰</a>：《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E4%B8%8E%E8%AF%B4%E6%9C%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="传播与说服（页面不存在）">传播与说服</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" class="mw-disambig" title="施拉姆">施拉姆</a>：《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="大众传播学">大众传播学</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%B1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="麦克卢汉">麦克卢汉</a>：《理解媒介》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="帕克">帕克</a>：《移民报刊及控制》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍金斯报告（页面不存在）">霍金斯报告</a>：《自由而负责任的媒体》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>：《多种声音，一个世界》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" title="韦尔伯·施拉姆">威尔伯·施拉姆</a>、威廉•波特：《传播学概论》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%82%91%E6%96%AF" title="埃弗里特·M·羅傑斯">埃弗里特·M·羅傑斯</a>：《传播学史——一种传记式的方法》</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C" title="克劳德·香农">克劳德·艾尔伍德·香农</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E5%BC%97" title="沃倫·韋弗">Warren Weaver</a>:《通信的数学理论》（<i>A Mathematical Theory of Communication</i>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D" title="諾伯特·維納">诺伯特·维纳</a>：《控制论》（<i>Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine</i>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A" title="沟通">溝通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="电台">电台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" title="电视台">电视台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92" class="mw-redirect" title="大眾傳媒">大众传媒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="新媒體">新媒体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="符号">符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="传播">传播</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Guo, qing guang.; 郭庆光. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1105069207">传播学教程</a> 第二版. Bei jing: 中国人民大学出版社. 2011-04: 275. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787300111254" title="Special:网络书源/9787300111254"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787300111254</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1105069207"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 1105069207</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%86%E5%85%89.&rft.au=Guo%2C+qing+guang.&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B&rft.date=2011-04&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787300111254&rft.pages=275&rft.place=Bei+jing&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1105069207&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1105069207&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liu, Hailong.; 刘海龙. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512124250/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320051541">大众传播理论：范式与流派</a> 第一版. Beijing: 中国人民大学出版社. 2008-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-11-09</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787300086293" title="Special:网络书源/9787300086293"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787300086293</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/320051541"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 320051541</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320051541">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E6%B5%B7%E9%BE%99.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hailong.&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%EF%BC%9A%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%81%E6%B4%BE&rft.date=2008-02&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787300086293&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F320051541&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320051541&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">罗杰斯 Rogers, Everett M. 1931-2004.; Yin, Xiaorong.殷晓蓉.译. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/886229320">传播学——一种传记式的方法</a> 第一版. 上海: 上海译文出版社. 2012-08. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532758296" title="Special:网络书源/9787532758296"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787532758296</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/886229320"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 886229320</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&rft.au=%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%AF+Rogers%2C+Everett+M.+1931-2004.&rft.au=Yin%2C+Xiaorong.%E6%AE%B7%E6%99%93%E8%93%89.%E8%AF%91&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&rft.date=2012-08&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787532758296&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%91%E6%96%87%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F886229320&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F886229320&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:传播学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:传播学（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:传播学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="传播学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">传播学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">主题与<br /> 术语</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A" title="生物溝通">生物沟通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD" title="广播">广播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A" title="沟通">传播与沟通</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="跨文化傳播">跨文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%9A%9B%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A" title="人際溝通">人际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A" title="自我沟通">自我沟通</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沟通形式" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q38786485"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沟通形式（页面不存在）">沟通形式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">維基數據</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38786485" class="extiw" title="d:Q38786485"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q38786485</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="電腦中介傳播">電腦中介傳播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="对话">对话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%8F%B2" title="传播史">传播史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息">信息</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="通信">通信</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="新闻学">新闻学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92" class="mw-redirect" title="大眾傳媒">大众传媒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%84%8F" title="語意">語意</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%AD%A6" title="媒介环境学">媒介环境学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後設溝通能力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meta-communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E8%A8%AD%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後設溝通能力（页面不存在）">後設溝通能力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-communication" class="extiw" title="en:Meta-communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meta-communication</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="传播过程模型">传播过程模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="新媒體">新媒体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%AF%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%99%85" title="非言语交际">非语言沟通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81" title="非暴力交流">非暴力交流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0" title="宣传">宣传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="阅读">阅读</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="演讲">演讲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="符号">符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="远程通信">远程通信</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文本和对话理论（页面不存在）">文本和对话理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="寫作">写作</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Encoding_communication.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Encoding communication"><img alt="Encoding communication" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Encoding_communication.jpg/120px-Encoding_communication.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Encoding_communication.jpg/180px-Encoding_communication.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Encoding_communication.jpg/240px-Encoding_communication.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="345" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">子领域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="传媒设计">传媒设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="傳播理論">传播理论</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">传播学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="公共关系">公共关系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F%E5%85%AC%E9%97%9C" title="危機公關">危機公關</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气候变化沟通（页面不存在）">气候沟通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="跨文化传播">跨文化传播</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发展沟通" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Development communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发展沟通（页面不存在）">发展沟通</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Development communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Development communication</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%87%E7%AB%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="篇章分析">篇章分析</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环境沟通" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环境沟通（页面不存在）">环境沟通</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental communication</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球传播研究（页面不存在）">全球传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="健康传播">健康传播</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际传播（页面不存在）">国际传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="大众传播">大众传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="媒體研究">媒体研究</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%A8%E5%A2%83%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="调解的跨境通信（页面不存在）">调解的跨境通信</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A" title="組織溝通">組織溝通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="政治傳播">政治传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="風險溝通">风险沟通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="科技传播学">科学传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="技术传播">技术传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="视觉传达设计">视觉传达设计</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="闭环沟通" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Closed-loop communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%AD%E7%8E%AF%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闭环沟通（页面不存在）">闭环沟通</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Closed-loop communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Closed-loop communication</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="社会科学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:社會科學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:社會科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:社會科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="社会科学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学">社会科学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基礎</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理学">心理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会心理学">社會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="法学">法学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="國際關係學">國際關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="公共行政学">公共行政学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="公共政策">公共政策</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="经济学">经济学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="微观经济学">微观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="宏观经济学">宏观</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="鄉村社會學">鄉村</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="人类学">人类学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="社會人類學">社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="文化人类学">文化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="历史的辅助科学">历史的辅助科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="文化史">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="经济史">经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="社会历史学">社会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">環境</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教学">宗教学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教人类学">人類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教心理學">心理</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨學科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="认知科学">认知科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学">教育学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="科学方法">科學研究</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">歷史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学哲学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经济哲学">經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="历史哲学">歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學哲學">心理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学哲学">社會科學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%88%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="科技與社會">科技與社會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="技术史">技术史</a></li> <li>規劃 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地使用規畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land-use planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A6%8F%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地使用規畫（页面不存在）">土地使用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Land-use planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land-use planning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="环境规划">環境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">都市</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生態政治學">政治生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治经济学">政治经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="公共卫生">公共卫生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="区域经济学">区域经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="全球研究">全球研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="全球研究">國際研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="區域研究">區域研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="区域科学">区域科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%AD%B8" title="商學">商學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会神经科学">社会神经科学</a></li> <li>環境（<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會科學">社會科學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境研究 (學科)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6_(%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境研究 (學科)（页面不存在）">研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental studies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">传播学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社區研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Community studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社區研究（页面不存在）">社區研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Community studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Community studies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="文化研究">文化研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="發展研究">發展研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="人類生態學">人類生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="信息科学">信息科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="媒體研究">媒體研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="性别研究">性别研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="食品研究">食品研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%87%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%B8" title="人與動物關係學">人與動物關係學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C" title="社會工作">社會工作</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="精神科学">精神科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="規範科學">规范科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" title="人文学科">人文學科</a> <ul><li><a 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