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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemikiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pemikiran</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pemikiran-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pemikiran</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pemikiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prekondisi_kognitif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prekondisi_kognitif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prekondisi kognitif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prekondisi_kognitif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teori_belajar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teori_belajar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Teori belajar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teori_belajar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zona_Perkembangan_Proksimal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zona_Perkembangan_Proksimal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zona Perkembangan Proksimal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zona_Perkembangan_Proksimal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lev Vygotsky</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 71 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljef_Wigotski" title="Ljef Wigotski – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ljef Wigotski" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="ليف فيغوتسكي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليف فيغوتسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="ليف سيمينوفيتش فيجوتسكى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليف سيمينوفيتش فيجوتسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotski" title="Lev Vygotski – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lev Vygotski" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_V%C4%B1qotski" title="Lev Vıqotski – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lev Vıqotski" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="لو ویقوتسکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لو ویقوتسکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Леў Сямёнавіч Выгоцкі – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леў Сямёнавіч Выгоцкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Леў Выгоцкі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Леў Выгоцкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лев Виготски – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лев Виготски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vigotski" title="Lev Vigotski – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lev Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotskij" title="Lev Vygotskij – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lev Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotskij" title="Lev Vygotskij – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lev Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Semjonowitsch_Wygotski" title="Lew Semjonowitsch Wygotski – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lew Semjonowitsch Wygotski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B2_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Λεβ Βιγκότσκι – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λεβ Βιγκότσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Sem%C3%ABnovi%C4%8D_Vygotskij" title="Lev Semënovič Vygotskij – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lev Semënovič Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vigockij" title="Lev Vigockij – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lev Vigockij" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_V%C3%B5gotski" title="Lev Võgotski – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lev Võgotski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vigotski" title="Lev Vigotski – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lev Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="لو ویگوتسکی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لو ویگوتسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotski" title="Lev Vygotski – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lev Vygotski" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotski" title="Lev Vygotski – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lev Vygotski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vigotski" title="Lev Vigotski – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lev Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A7%D7%99" title="לב ויגוצקי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לב ויגוצקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="लिव वाइगोत्सकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिव वाइगोत्सकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lav_Vigotski" title="Lav Vigotski – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lav Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Szemjonovics_Vigotszkij" title="Lev Szemjonovics Vigotszkij – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lev Szemjonovics Vigotszkij" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D6%87_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Լև Վիգոտսկի – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լև Վիգոտսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsk%C3%ADj" title="Lev Vygotskíj – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lev Vygotskíj" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Sem%C3%ABnovi%C4%8D_Vygotskij" title="Lev Semënovič Vygotskij – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lev Semënovič Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%84%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="レフ・ヴィゴツキー – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レフ・ヴィゴツキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ლევ ვიგოტსკი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლევ ვიგოტსკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Семёнович Выготский – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лев Семёнович Выготский" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಲೆವ್ ಸೆಮೆನೊವಿಚ್ ವೈಗೋಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೆವ್ ಸೆಮೆನೊವಿಚ್ ವೈಗೋಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84_%EB%B9%84%EA%B3%A0%EC%B8%A0%ED%82%A4" title="레프 비고츠키 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레프 비고츠키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Выготский – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лев Выготский" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Vygotskij" title="Leo Vygotskij – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leo Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BBevs_Vigotskis" title="Ļevs Vigotskis – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ļevs Vigotskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotski" title="Lev Vygotski – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lev Vygotski" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лав Виготски – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лав Виготски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="ലവ് വിഗോട്സ്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലവ് വിഗോട്സ്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotski" title="Lev Vygotski – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lev Vygotski" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotskij" title="Lev Vygotskij – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lev Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotskij" title="Lev Vygotskij – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lev Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਲੇਵ ਵਿਗੋਤਸਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੇਵ ਵਿਗੋਤਸਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Wygotski" title="Lew Wygotski – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lew Wygotski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotskij" title="Lev Vygotskij – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lev Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_V%C3%AEgotski" title="Lev Vîgotski – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lev Vîgotski" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Выготский, Лев Семёнович – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Выготский, Лев Семёнович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lav_Vigotski" title="Lav Vigotski – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lav Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Semionovi%C4%8D_Vygotskij" title="Lev Semionovič Vygotskij – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lev Semionovič Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vigotski" title="Lev Vigotski – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lev Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vigotski" title="Lev Vigotski – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lev Vigotski" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лав Виготски – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лав Виготски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotskij" title="Lev Vygotskij – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lev Vygotskij" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="லெவ் வைகாட்ஸ்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லெவ் வைகாட்ஸ்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="లెవ్ వైగోట్స్కీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లెవ్ వైగోట్స్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Виготский – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лев Виготский" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_V%C4%B1gotski" title="Lev Vıgotski – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lev Vıgotski" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Виготський Лев Семенович – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виготський Лев Семенович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigotskiy,_Lev_Semyonovich" title="Vigotskiy, Lev Semyonovich – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vigotskiy, Lev Semyonovich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lev Vygotsky – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lev Vygotsky" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E6%9E%9C%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="利维·维果斯基 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="利维·维果斯基" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E8%B0%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="利維·維谷斯基 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利維·維谷斯基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E8%B0%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="利維·維谷斯基 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="利維·維谷斯基" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180819#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Lev Vygotsky</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lev_Vygotsky_1896-1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lev_Vygotsky_1896-1934.jpg/220px-Lev_Vygotsky_1896-1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Lev_Vygotsky_1896-1934.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="321" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1896-11-17</span>)</span>17 November 1896<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Orsha" title="Orsha">Orsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Rusia">Kerajaan Rusia</a>, sekarang di <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">11 Juni 1934<span style="display:none">(1934-06-11)</span> (umur 37)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kebangsaan</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Rusia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Almamater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Universitas_Negeri_Moskwa_M.V._Lomonosov" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Negeri Moskwa M.V. Lomonosov">Universitas Negeri Moskwa M.V. Lomonosov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaniavskii_Open_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaniavskii Open University (halaman belum tersedia)">Shaniavskii Open University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dikenal atas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_budaya_historis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi budaya historis (halaman belum tersedia)">Psikologi budaya historis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zona_perkembangan_proksimal" title="Zona perkembangan proksimal">Zona perkembangan proksimal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Suami/istri</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Roza Noevna Vygodskaia (nama lahir Smekhova)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><b>Karier ilmiah</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bidang</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mahasiswa ternama</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Luria" title="Alexander Luria">Alexander Luria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Terinspirasi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Potebnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Potebnia (halaman belum tersedia)">Alexander Potebnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Adler" title="Alfred Adler">Alfred Adler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Wertheimer" title="Max Wertheimer">Max Wertheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_K%C3%B6hler" title="Wolfgang Köhler">Wolfgang Köhler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Koffka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Koffka (halaman belum tersedia)">Kurt Koffka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Goldstein (halaman belum tersedia)">Kurt Goldstein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Menginspirasi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingkaran_Vygotsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingkaran Vygotsky (halaman belum tersedia)">Lingkaran Vygotsky</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lev Vygotsky</b> (17 November <small>[<a href="/wiki/Kalender_Julian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Julian">K.J.</a>: 5 November]</small> 1896 – 11 Juni, 1934) adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Psikolog" title="Psikolog">psikolog</a> asal <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> yang dikenal atas kontribusinya dalam teori perkembangan anak. Salah satu hasil kerjanya yang dikenal di bidang psikologi anak adalah merumuskan konsep "<i><a href="/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone of proximal development">zone of proximal development</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konsep ini menerangkan bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran seorang anak ada sebuah area di mana anak tersebut harus diberikan bantuan eksternal untuk dapat belajar hal yang baru sedangkan ada area lain di mana anak tersebut dapat belajar mandiri tanpa dibantu. Vygotsky menekankan pentingnya kehadiran 'orang lain', seperti guru, orangtua, atau teman, yang distilahkan sebagai orang yang lebih berpengetahuan (<i>the more knowledgeable other</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_pribadi">Kehidupan pribadi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kehidupan pribadi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kehidupan pribadi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky lahir di Kota <a href="/wiki/Orsha" title="Orsha">Orsha</a> pada 17 November 1896. Keluarganya merupakan keturunan Yahudi dengan <a href="/wiki/Status_sosial" title="Status sosial">status sosial</a> <a href="/wiki/Kelas_menengah" title="Kelas menengah">kelas menengah</a>. Vygotsky mengawali pendidikannya di <a href="/wiki/Gimnasium_(sekolah)" title="Gimnasium (sekolah)">Gimnasium</a>. Setelah itu ia melanjutkan studi hukum di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Negeri_Moskwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Negeri Moskwa">Universitas Negeri Moskwa</a> dengan bantuan <a href="/wiki/Beasiswa" title="Beasiswa">beasiswa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemikiran">Pemikiran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pemikiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemikiran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prekondisi_kognitif">Prekondisi kognitif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Prekondisi kognitif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Prekondisi kognitif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vygotsky memiliki sebuah pemikiran filsafat mengenai <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan">lingkungan</a>. Ia meyakini bahwa manusia bukanlah hewan yang hanya bereaksi terhadap lingkungan. Manusia memiliki kemampuan untuk mengubah lingkungan sesuai dengan keperluannya. Teori konstruktivisme sosial berkembang dari pemikiran tersebut. Teori ini menyatakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Interaksi_sosial" title="Interaksi sosial">interaksi sosial</a> adalah cara untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kognisi" title="Kognisi">kognisi</a> anak. Vygotsky memiliki minat dalam pengungkapan esensi dari serangkaian aktivitas yang bermakna di <a href="/wiki/Lingkungan_sosial" title="Lingkungan sosial">lingkungan sosial</a> dan budaya.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua jenis lingkungan ini merupakan lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi konstruksi kognisi pada anak. Karenanya, pemikiran Vygotsky mengenai manusia dan lingkungan juga disebut sebagai prekondisi sosiokultural.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teori_belajar">Teori belajar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Teori belajar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Teori belajar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vygotsky menghasilkan teori belajar yang mampu melakukan <a href="/wiki/Akomodasi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Akomodasi">akomodasi</a> atas revolusi sosiokultural pada teori belajar dan pembelajaran. Ia mengemukakan bahwa pikiran seseorang tidak dipahami melalui isi pikirannya dan kedalaman kejiwaannya. Pemahaman ini hanya perlu diperoleh dari latar sosial, budaya dan sejarah yang dimiliki oleh individu tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam pemikiran Vygotsky terdapat makhluk hidup yang sangat aktif dan subjekti, yaitu anak-anak. Melalui interaksi dengan lingkungan sosial dan budaya, anak-anak dapat membentuk pengetahuan. Cara berpikir dan kognisi yang dimiliki oleh anak-anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sosial dan budaya. Vygotsky meyakini bahwa perkembangan anak tidak memiliki batas <a href="/wiki/Konflik" title="Konflik">konflik</a> dan resolusi dialektis.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zona_Perkembangan_Proksimal">Zona Perkembangan Proksimal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Zona Perkembangan Proksimal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zona Perkembangan Proksimal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vygotsky mengenalkan konsep Zona Perkembangan Proksimal (Zone of Proximal Development) dalam pembelajaran yang mengacu dua zona level kompetensi peserta didik, yaitu kompetensi yang telah dikuasainya tanpa bantuan dan kompetensi yang dapat dikuasainya, namun dengan bantuan ahli. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vygotsky, Lev (1978). <i>Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+in+society%3A+The+development+of+higher+psychological+processes&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Vygotsky&rft.aufirst=Lev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">developer, mediaindonesia com (2017-11-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediaindonesia.com/opini/132786/zpd-dan-ban-zhuren-1">"ZPD dan Ban Zhuren"</a>. <i>mediaindonesia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediaindonesia.com&rft.atitle=ZPD+dan+Ban+Zhuren&rft.date=2017-11-20&rft.aulast=developer&rft.aufirst=mediaindonesia+com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediaindonesia.com%2Fopini%2F132786%2Fzpd-dan-ban-zhuren-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Khoiruzzadi, M., dan Prasetya, T. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.stitpemalang.ac.id/index.php/madaniyah/article/download/152/146">"Perkembangan Kognitif dan Implikasinya dalam Dunia Pendidikan"</a>. <i>Jurnal Madaniyah</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2548-6993">2548-6993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Madaniyah&rft.atitle=Perkembangan+Kognitif+dan+Implikasinya+dalam+Dunia+Pendidikan&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=2548-6993&rft.au=Khoiruzzadi%2C+M.%2C+dan+Prasetya%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.stitpemalang.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fmadaniyah%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F152%2F146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Suci, Yayu Tresna (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.umtas.ac.id/index.php/naturalistic/article/download/269/375/973">"Menelaah Teori Vygotsky dan Interdepedensi Sosial Sebagai Landasan Teori dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Kooperatif di Sekolah Dasar"</a>. <i>232 | Naturalistic: Jurnal Kajian Penelitan Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=232+%7C+Naturalistic%3A+Jurnal+Kajian+Penelitan+Pendidikan+dan+Pembelajaran&rft.atitle=Menelaah+Teori+Vygotsky+dan+Interdepedensi+Sosial+Sebagai+Landasan+Teori+dalam+Pelaksanaan+Pembelajaran+Kooperatif+di+Sekolah+Dasar&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=231&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Suci&rft.aufirst=Yayu+Tresna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.umtas.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fnaturalistic%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F269%2F375%2F973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Abduh, Muhammad (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/bitstream/handle/11617/9568/66.pdf?sequence=1">"Bermain dan Regulasi Diri (Kajian Teori Vygotsky)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Seminar Nasional Kedua Pendidikan Berkemajuan dan Menggembirakan</i>. <b>2</b>: 595.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminar+Nasional+Kedua+Pendidikan+Berkemajuan+dan+Menggembirakan&rft.atitle=Bermain+dan+Regulasi+Diri+%28Kajian+Teori+Vygotsky%29&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=595&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Abduh&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11617%2F9568%2F66.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Budiningsiih, C. Asri (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/58843-ID-perkembangan-teori-belajar-dan-pembelaja.pdf">"Perkembangan Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran Menuju Revolusi-Sosikultural Vygotsky"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Dinamika Pendidikan</i>. <b>X</b> (1): 42–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dinamika+Pendidikan&rft.atitle=Perkembangan+Teori+Belajar+dan+Pembelajaran+Menuju+Revolusi-Sosikultural+Vygotsky&rft.volume=X&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-43&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Budiningsiih&rft.aufirst=C.+Asri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.neliti.com%2Fmedia%2Fpublications%2F58843-ID-perkembangan-teori-belajar-dan-pembelaja.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hyun, C. C., dkk. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Masduki-Asbari/publication/345433253_PIAGET_VERSUS_VYGOTSKY_IMPLIKASI_PENDIDIKAN_ANTARA_PERSAMAAN_DAN_PERBEDAAN/links/60136c2f92851c2d4dfede7d/PIAGET-VERSUS-VYGOTSKY-IMPLIKASI-PENDIDIKAN-ANTARA-PERSAMAAN-DAN-PERBEDAAN.pdf">"Piaget versus Vygotsky: Implikasi Pendidikan antara Persamaan dan Perbedaan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Industrial Engineering dan Management Research</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 287. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2722-8878">2722-8878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Engineering+dan+Management+Research&rft.atitle=Piaget+versus+Vygotsky%3A+Implikasi+Pendidikan+antara+Persamaan+dan+Perbedaan&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=287&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=2722+%E2%80%93+8878&rft.au=Hyun%2C+C.+C.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FMasduki-Asbari%2Fpublication%2F345433253_PIAGET_VERSUS_VYGOTSKY_IMPLIKASI_PENDIDIKAN_ANTARA_PERSAMAAN_DAN_PERBEDAAN%2Flinks%2F60136c2f92851c2d4dfede7d%2FPIAGET-VERSUS-VYGOTSKY-IMPLIKASI-PENDIDIKAN-ANTARA-PERSAMAAN-DAN-PERBEDAAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Moll, Luis C. (1990-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1080/02103702.1990.10822276">"Vygotsky's zone of proximal development: Rethinking its instructional implications"</a>. <i>Infancia y Aprendizaje</i> (dalam bahasa Spanyol). <b>13</b> (51-52): 158–159. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02103702.1990.10822276">10.1080/02103702.1990.10822276</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0210-3702">0210-3702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infancia+y+Aprendizaje&rft.atitle=Vygotsky%27s+zone+of+proximal+development%3A+Rethinking+its+instructional+implications&rft.chron=1990-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=51-52&rft.pages=158-159&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02103702.1990.10822276&rft.issn=0210-3702&rft.aulast=Moll&rft.aufirst=Luis+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F02103702.1990.10822276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALev+Vygotsky" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Vygotsky&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lev_Vygotsky" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lev Vygotsky"><span style="">Lev Vygotsky</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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