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td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2459348"></p> <p>La <b>Republica d'Índia</b> (en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi_(lenga)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indi (lenga)">indi</a>: भारत गणराज्य, <i>Bhārata Gaṇarājya</i>), comunament <b>Índia</b>, es un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat_sobeiran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estat sobeiran">estat sobeiran</a> situat dins lo sud-oèst d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>.</p> <table class="infobox infobox infobox geografia vcard" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Índia <div style="padding-top: 0.25em;font-weight:normal"> भारत गणराज्य (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi_(lenga)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indi (lenga)">indi</a>)<br><i>Bhārat Gaṇarājya</i><br><i>Republic of India</i> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a>) </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/180px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/240px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> </div> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Emblem_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/75px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/113px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/150px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933"></a></span> </div> <div> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41673" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q41673">Bandièra</a> </div> <div> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171869" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q171869">Escut d'armas</a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <center> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imne_nacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imne nacional">Imne</a>: <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jana_Gana_Mana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jana Gana Mana (la pagina existís pas)">Jana Gana Mana</a></i> </center><br> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="140" style="width:140px;" data-durationhint="53" data-mwtitle="Jana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Jana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Jana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg/Jana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=as&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="as" label="অসমীয়া ‪(as)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="el" label="Ελληνικά ‪(el)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=gu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gu" label="ગુજરાતી ‪(gu)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=hi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hi" label="हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=kn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kn" label="ಕನ್ನಡ ‪(kn)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_gana_mana_vocal.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <center> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devisa_nacionala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devisa nacionala">Devisa</a>: सत्यमेव जयते, <i>Satyameva Jayate</i><br> (en occitan: La vertat sola trionfa) </center></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <center> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <span title="Territòri controlat per Índia en verd fosc; territòri revendicat per Índia però non controlat."><img alt="Territòri controlat per Índia en verd fosc; territòri revendicat per Índia però non controlat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/270px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/405px-India_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/540px-India_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"></span> <figcaption> Territòri controlat per Índia en verd fosc;<br> territòri revendicat per Índia però non controlat. </figcaption> </figure><br> Territòri controlat per Índia en verd fosc;<br> territòri revendicat per Índia però non controlat. </center></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> Capitala </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nòva Delhi">Nòva Delhi</a><br><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Mapas, vistas aerianas, etc."><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language%3Doc%26pagename%3D%25C3%258Dndia%26params%3D22.8_N_83_E_"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="22.8">22° 48′ N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="83">83° 00′ E</data></span></a></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> Ciutat mai granda </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombai">Bombai</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenga_oficiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lenga oficiala">Lengas oficialas</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi_(lenga)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indi (lenga)">Indi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">Anglés</a><br><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_las_lengas_oficialas_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de las lengas oficialas d'Índia">21 autras lengas</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> Forma de govèrn </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica">Republica</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_parlamentari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistèma parlamentari">parlamentària</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federalisme">federala</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <div class="ib-geografia-text"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista dels presidents d'Índia">President</a><br><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_dels_primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista dels primièrs ministres d'Índia">Primièr Ministre</a> </div> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a><br><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narendra_Modi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Superfícia">Superfícia</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_superf%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista dels païses per superfícia"> 7<sup>en</sup></a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <div class="ib-geografia-text"> • Totala </div> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> 3 287 263 <abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <div class="ib-geografia-text"> • Aiga </div> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <span class="nowrap">9,5</span> % </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Populacion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Populacion">Populacion</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_populacion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista dels païses per populacion">1<sup>en</sup></a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <div class="ib-geografia-text"> • Totala (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> 1 428 627 663 ab. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <div class="ib-geografia-text"> • <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densitat_de_populacion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densitat de populacion">Densitat</a> </div> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> 427.1 ab./<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moneda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moneda">Moneda</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> (<code>INR</code>) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_dels_indicatius_telefonics_internacionals_per_pa%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista dels indicatius telefonics internacionals per país">Indicatiu telefonic</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> 91 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> IN </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fus_orari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fus orari">Fus orari</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> +5:30 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domeni_de_primi%C3%A8r_niv%C3%A8l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domeni de primièr nivèl">Domeni internet</a> </div> <div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=.IN&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title=".IN (la pagina existís pas)">.IN</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Es lo 7<sup>en</sup> país per l'extension geografica totala, lo segond per la populacion, e la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democracia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democracia">democracia</a> pus poblada. Es bordat per l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Indian">ocean Indian</a> al sud, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_d%27Arabia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar d'Arabia">mar d'Arabia</a> a l'oèst, e la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baia_de_Bengala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baia de Bengala">baia de Bengala</a> a l'èst, amb un litoral que s'espandís sus mai de 7000 km. Al nòrd confronta <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nepal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>; <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Botan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Botan">Botan</a> al nòrd-èst; e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Myanmar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> a l'oèst. A la broa de l'ocean Indian, Índia es vesina de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sri_Lanka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maldivas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maldivas">Maldivas</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indonesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. La capitala es <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nòva Delhi">Nòva Delhi</a>e lo gentilici es <b>indian</b>, <b>-a</b>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Somari</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etimologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geografia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia_fisica"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Geografia fisica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clima"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Clima</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demografia"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Demografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lengas"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Lengas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religions"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Religions</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ist%C3%B2ria"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Istòria</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_civilizacion_de_l'Indus"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">La civilizacion de l'Indus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_migracion_deis_Arians_e_lo_desvolopament_de_la_cultura_vedica"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">La migracion deis Arians e lo desvolopament de la cultura vedica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">L'Empèri Maurya</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_division_d'%C3%8Dndia_e_l'emerg%C3%A9ncia_dei_reiaumes_dravidians"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">La division d'Índia e l'emergéncia dei reiaumes dravidians</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">L'Empèri Gupta</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_peri%C3%B2de_medievau"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Lo periòde medievau</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_dominacion_dau_Sultanat_de_Delhi"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">La dominacion dau Sultanat de Delhi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_formacion_dau_sultanat"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">La formacion dau sultanat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_renf%C3%B2r%C3%A7ament_e_l'apog%C3%A8u_dau_sultanat"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lo renfòrçament e l'apogèu dau sultanat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_declin_e_la_fin_dau_sultanat"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lo declin e la fin dau sultanat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leis_autreis_estats_indians_dau_peri%C3%B2de_dau_sultanat"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Leis autreis estats indians dau periòde dau sultanat</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-20"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_Sultanat_de_Bengala"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lo Sultanat de Bengala</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-21"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_Sultanat_de_Bahmani"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lo Sultanat de Bahmani</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-22"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'Emp%C3%A8ri_de_Vijayanagar"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">L'Empèri de Vijayanagar</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'arribada_dei_Portugu%C3%A9s"><span class="tocnumber">3.7.5</span> <span class="toctext">L'arribada dei Portugués</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_dominacion_e_lo_declin_de_l'Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">La dominacion e lo declin de l'Empèri Mogòl</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_formacion_de_l'%C3%8Dndia_Britanica"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">La formacion de l'Índia Britanica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'Emp%C3%A8ri_deis_%C3%8Dndias"><span class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">L'Empèri deis Índias</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'independ%C3%A9ncia_e_lo_partiment_de_l'Emp%C3%A8ri_deis_%C3%8Dndias"><span class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">L'independéncia e lo partiment de l'Empèri deis Índias</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'%C3%8Dndia_independenta"><span class="tocnumber">3.12</span> <span class="toctext">L'Índia independenta</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_peri%C3%B2de_de_Jawaharlal_Nehru"><span class="tocnumber">3.12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lo periòde de Jawaharlal Nehru</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_peri%C3%B2de_d'Indira_Gandhi"><span class="tocnumber">3.12.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lo periòde d'Indira Gandhi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_fin_de_la_dominacion_politica_dau_Congr%C3%A8s_e_la_liberalizacion_economica"><span class="tocnumber">3.12.3</span> <span class="toctext">La fin de la dominacion politica dau Congrès e la liberalizacion economica</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organizacions_politica_e_territ%C3%B2riala"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Organizacions politica e territòriala</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organizacion_generala"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Organizacion generala</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Poder_legislatiu"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Poder legislatiu</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Poder_executiu"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Poder executiu</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Poder_judiciari"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Poder judiciari</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Simb%C3%B2ls_nacionaus"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Simbòls nacionaus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organizacion_territ%C3%B2riala"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Organizacion territòriala</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Afaires estrangiers e defensa</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afaires_estrangiers"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afaires estrangiers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#F%C3%B2r%C3%A7as_armadas"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fòrças armadas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conflictes_en_cors"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Conflictes en cors</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economia"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Economia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sector_primar"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sector primar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sector_segondari"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sector segondari</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sector_terciari"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sector terciari</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultura"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Cultura</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arquitectura"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Arquitectura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esculptura"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Esculptura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pintura"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pintura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literatura"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Literatura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cin%C3%A8ma"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Cinèma</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Musica_e_dan%C3%A7a"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Musica e dança</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vejatz_tanben"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Vejatz tanben</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ligams_ext%C3%A8rnes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Ligams extèrnes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#N%C3%B2tas_e_refer%C3%A9ncias"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Nòtas e referéncias</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Etimologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Lo nom <i>Índia</i> deriva d'<i>Indus</i>, qu'a per origina lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%A8lh_persan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vièlh persan (la pagina existís pas)">vièlh persan</a> <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hindu (la pagina existís pas)">Hindu</a></i>. Aquel darrièr tèrme ven del <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanscrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanscrit">sanscrit</a> <i>Sindhu</i>, qu'èra l'apellacion locala istorica del fluvi <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indus">Indus</a>. Los grècs ancians nomenavan los indians <i>Indoi</i> (Ινδοί), que se pòt traduire per "lo monde d'Indus". Lo tèrme geografic <i>Bharat</i> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AFI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI">AFI</a>: [ˈbʱaːrət̪]) qu'es reconegut coma un nom oficial del país per la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Constitucion_d'%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Constitucion d'Índia (la pagina existís pas)">Constitucion d'Índia</a>, es utilizat dins divèrsas lengas d'Índia amb de variantas subtilas. L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eponim&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eponim (la pagina existís pas)">eponim</a> de <i>Bharat</i> es <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bharata_(emperaire)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bharata (emperaire) (la pagina existís pas)">Bharata</a>, una figura mitologica que las escituras indos describon coma un emperaire legendari de l'Índia anciana. <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hindustan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hindustan (la pagina existís pas)">Hindustan</a></i> (AFI: [ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn]) èra a l'origina un mot <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persan">persan</a> que significava "Tèrra d'Indus"; anterior a 1947, fasiá referéncia a una region que compreniá lo nòrd d'Índia e Paquistan. Es de còps que i a utilizat per designar l'Índia entièra.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Geografia_fisica">Geografia fisica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia fisica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_Geographic_Map.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_Geographic_Map.jpg/220px-India_Geographic_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1388"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 212px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_Geographic_Map.jpg/220px-India_Geographic_Map.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_Geographic_Map.jpg/330px-India_Geographic_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_Geographic_Map.jpg/440px-India_Geographic_Map.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Mapa topografica d'Índia </figcaption> </figure> <p>Índia ocupa la porcion pus granda dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soscontinent_indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soscontinent indian">soscontinent indian</a> que troba subre la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placa_indiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Placa indiana">placa tectonica indiana</a>, una placa menora de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Placa_indoaustraliana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Placa indoaustraliana (la pagina existís pas)">placa indoaustraliana</a>. Lei procès <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geologia">geologics</a> de la formacion d'Índia an setanta-cinc milions d'ans, quand lo soscontinent indian, alavetz part dau supercontinent de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gondwana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>, comencèt de se desplaçar en un procès que triguèt cinquanta milions d'ans per l'ocean fins a produire una collision ambé la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placa_eurasiatica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Placa eurasiatica">placa eurasiatica</a> e una subduccion per dejos d'aquela, formant aital <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imalaia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imalaia">Imalaia</a>, lei montanhas pus autas de la planeta, que fan frontiera de la Republica d'Índia au nòrd e au nòrd-èst. Au sud d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imalaia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imalaia">Imalaia</a>, lo movement tectonic creèt una vasta <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Depression_(geologia)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Depression (geologia) (la pagina existís pas)">depression</a>, que s'empliguèt de sediments fluviaus e forma uèi la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plana_Indogangetica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plana Indogangetica">Plana Indogangetica</a>. A l'oèst d'aqueu plan, e copat per la cadena <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aravalli&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aravalli (la pagina existís pas)">Aravalli</a>, s'espandís lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Des%C3%A8rt_de_Thar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Desèrt de Thar (la pagina existís pas)">Desèrt de Thar</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'Índia peninsulara representa ara la placa indiana originala, part geologica d'Índia pus vièlha e pus establa, e s'espandís au nòrd duscas a la sèrra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Satpura&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Satpura (la pagina existís pas)">Satpura</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vindhya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vindhya (la pagina existís pas)">Vindhya</a> en Índia centrala. Aquelei cadenas parallèlas s'estendon dempuèi la còsta de la Mar d'Arabia en Gujarat a l'oèst fins au replanat de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chota_Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chota Nagpur (la pagina existís pas)">Chota Nagpur</a> en Jharkhand a l'èst<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Au sud, la rèsta day territòri peninsular, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Replanat_de_Deccan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Replanat de Deccan (la pagina existís pas)">Replanat de Deccan</a>, es bordat a senèstra e a drecha per lei sèrras costièras, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghats_occidentals&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ghats occidentals (la pagina existís pas)">Ghats occidentals</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghats_orientals&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ghats orientals (la pagina existís pas)">Ghats orientals</a> respectivament<sup id="cite_ref-britan-weghats_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britan-weghats-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; lo replanat conten lei pus vièlhas formacions rocassosas d'Índia, d'unei de mai d'un miliard d'annadas. Índia s'estend au nòrd de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eq%C3%BCator_terr%C3%A8stre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eqüator terrèstre">eqüator terrèstre</a> entre los 6° 44' e 35° 30' de latitud nòrd.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png/220px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1020"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 198px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png/220px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png" data-width="220" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png/330px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png/440px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Clima.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Clima d'Índia. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En causa de sa superficia importanta e de son relèu variat, Índia presenta una diversitat climatica de remarca que va de l'existéncia de climas tropicaus au sud e de climas temperaus fòrça influenciat per l'altitud dins lo nòrd. Au mens tres paramètres principaus an un ròtle major sus aquelei climas. Lo premier es la preséncia dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montanha">montanhas</a> d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imalaia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imalaia">Imalaia</a> qu'empachan la circulacion dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vent">vents</a> fregs e secs venguts dau nòrd vèrs la peninsula. Aquò entraïna lo mantenement d'una temperatura temperada au sud dei montanhas en comparason. Lo segond es l'existéncia d'una sason de mosson dins lei regions litoralas. Enfin, lo tresen es lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Des%C3%A8rt_de_Thar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Desèrt de Thar (la pagina existís pas)">desèrt de Thar</a> que, dins lo corrent de la mosson, atira de precipitacions dins sa region.</p> <p>Se definís quatre regions climaticas principalas en Índia. Au sud, s'estend un clima tropicau marcat per una sason de mosson. Lei precipitacions son pus importantas lòng dau litorau sud-oèst e dins lei bocas de Ganges. Forma un clima tropicau de savana dins lei regions interiors onte lei precipitacions son mens importantas. Au nòrd, magerament lòng de la Vau de Ganges, lo clima es de tipe temperat amb un ivèrn sec e un estiu caud. A l'oèst, lo clima vèn desertic ò semi-arid ambé la preséncia d'estèpas ò de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Des%C3%A8rt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desèrt">desèrt</a> rocassós e sec. Enfin, dins lei zònas montanhosas, lo clima presenta una diversitat gròssa (continentau, semi-arid, desertic) segon lo nivèu de precipitacions e de temperaturas frejas. Evoluciona vèrs un clima de tipe alpin ambé l'aumentacion de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altitud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altitud">altitud</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Demografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es caracterizada per una populacion fòrça importanta que forma un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fogau_de_p%C3%B2blament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fogau de pòblament">fogau de pòblament</a> principau de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tèrra">planeta</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>, lo nombre d'abitants dau país èra estimat a 1,21 miliards (còntra 361 milions en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1951?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a>), ço que representava 17,5% de la populacion <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Homo_Sapiens&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Homo Sapiens (la pagina existís pas)">umana</a>. Segon lei ritmes de creissença demografica actuaus, se considera qu'Índia serà lo país pus poblat dau monde vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2025?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2025">2025</a>. Divèrsei politicas dau govèrn centrau encoratja la baissa dau taus de fertilitat dempuei de decennis ambé de campanhas de promoccion de la contraconcepcion. A permes de demenir aqueu taus de 5,3 a 2,7 de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1950">1950</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a>. Aquò entraïnèt l'aplant de l'aumentacion demografica fòrça dei premiereis annadas après la colonizacion mai permet lo mantenement d'una creissença significativa (1,5% en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>).</p> <p>Aquela populacion se situa magerament lòng de Ganges e lòng dei zònas litoralas. Es fòrça jova en causa dau nombre encara significatiu de naissenças e d'una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Esperan%C3%A7a_de_vida&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Esperança de vida (la pagina existís pas)">esperança de vida</a> egala a 68,9 ans en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>. Ansin, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>, 31% de la populacion aviá un temps inferior a 15 ans e 64% compres entre 15 e 64 ans. Lei personas de 65 ans e mai representavan solament 5% deis abitants. L'urbanizacion es limitada amb un taus d'urbanizacion de 31,3%. Pasmens, es a aumentar rapidament car la creissença de la populacion indiana vivent en vila aumenta de 2,5%/an. Lei centres urbans principaus an donc un desvolopament rapide e tres vilas indianas son lo centre d'aglomeracions majoras au nivèu mondiau : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombai">Bombai</a> (18,2 milions d'abitants, 7<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (17,5 milions, 10<sup>en</sup>) e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcuta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcuta">Calcuta</a> (14,3 milions, 17<sup>en</sup>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lengas">Lengas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lengas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe"> Article detalhat: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_las_lengas_oficialas_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de las lengas oficialas d'Índia">Lista de las lengas oficialas d'Índia</a>. </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Lengas_d%27India.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lengas_d%27India.png/220px-Lengas_d%27India.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="717"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 221px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lengas_d%27India.png/220px-Lengas_d%27India.png" data-width="220" data-height="221" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lengas_d%27India.png/330px-Lengas_d%27India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lengas_d%27India.png/440px-Lengas_d%27India.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Lengas principalas d'Índia. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Índia presenta una gròssa diversitat linguïstica ambé l'existéncia d'unei centenaus de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lenga">lengas</a> diferentas sus son territòri. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001">2001</a>, 30 èran parladas per mai d'un milion de personas e 122 per mai de 10 000. Fasián partida de dos grops principaus qu'èran lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengas_indoarianas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengas indoarianas">lengas indoarianas</a> (74% de la populacion) dins lo nòrd e lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengas_dravidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengas dravidas">lengas dravidas</a> (24%) dins lo sud. Lo rèsta èra compausat per de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengas_tibetobirmanas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengas tibetobirmanas">lengas tibetobirmanas</a>, lòng de la frontiera ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nepal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Botan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Botan">Botan</a>, per de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengas_austroasiaticas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengas austroasiaticas">lengas austroasiaticas</a> (devesidas entre de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengas_m%C3%B2n-khmers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengas mòn-khmers">lengas mòn-khmers</a> e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lengas_munda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lengas munda">lengas munda</a>) e d'isolats. Enfin, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonialisme">colonizacion</a> foguèt lo vector d'implantacion de lengas europèas coma l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a>, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugu%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugués">portugués</a> ò lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francés">francés</a>.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Indi">indi</a> e l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a> an l'estatut de lenga oficiala d'Índia. La premiera es fòrça utilizada dins lo nòrd de la peninsula per una populacion estimada entre 258 e 422 milions de personas. Segon la constitucion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1950">1950</a>, lo ròtle de l'anglés coma lenga oficiala èra provisòri e deviá disparéisser en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1965?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1965">1965</a>. Pasmens, en causa de l'oposicion d'estats de lenga dravida que consideravan l'utilizacion unica de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Indi">indi</a> coma un imperialisme dau nòrd, lo desclassament de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a> foguèt remandat mai d'un còp. A l'ora d'ara, aquela lenga es totjorn una lenga veïcula importanta qu'es fòrça utilizada dins l'administracion indiana.</p> <p>En fòra d'aquelei lengas, cada estat e territòri de l'Union Indiana a lo drech d'adoptar lei lengas oficialas sieunas. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a>, 22 lengas avián ansin un estatut oficiau au sen d'un estat ò d'un territòri indian. Lei pus importantas èran lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bengali">bengali</a> (84 milions de locutors), lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telogo">telogo</a> (73 milions), lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marata">marata</a> (71 milions) e lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamil">tamil</a> (63 milions). Dins aquò, maugrat aquela autonòmia linguïstica, existís encara de lengas, de còps fòrça importantas ambé mai de 5 milions de locutors, qu'an ges d'estatut.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Religions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es lo territòri d'aparicion de quatre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religions</a> majors que son l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indoïsme</a>, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">bodisme</a>, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ja%C3%AFnisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaïnisme">jaïnisme</a> e lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sikhisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sikhisme">sikhisme</a>. La peninsula conoguèt tanben una crestianizacion precòça qu'acomencèt segon la tradicion en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/52?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="52">52</a>. Dins lo corrent de l'istòria indiana, lei questions aguèron sovent un ròtle primordiau dins lei relacions entre lei comunautats ò dins la legitimacion dau poder en plaça. De mai, la proporcion d'Indians cresents d'una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> representa la màger part de la populacion.</p> <p>En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001">2001</a>, la principala èra l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indoïsme</a> que gropava 80,5% deis abitants. Franc de certanei regions perifericas, es presenta sus lo territòri. La segonda religion pus importanta èra l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a> que representava 13,4% de la populacion magerament situada dins la region de Cachemire, dins la zòna de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bengala">Bengala</a>, dins la Vau de Ganges e dins lo sud-oèst de la peninsula. Levat de Cachemire e de zònas frontalieras de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a>, aquela populacion forma generalament de minoritats. Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> representava la tresena religion indiana ambé 2,3% de la populacion. Èran magerament situats dins lo sud-oèst de la peninsula e dins lei regions dau Nòrd-Èst Indian onte gropavan de còps la majoritat deis abitants. 70% dei crestians indians èran de fidèus de la Glèisa Catolica. Lo rèsta se devesiá entre divèrsei glèisas protestantas e la Glèisa de Sant Tòmas que foguèt la premiera glèisa crestiana indian fondat au sègle I. Puei, la quatrena religion èra lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sikhisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sikhisme">sikhisme</a> que comptava 19 milions de cresents siá 1,9% de la populacion. Vivián subretot dins la region de Pendjab onte representavan la màger part de la populacion. Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">bodisme</a> èra la cinquena religion indiana ambé 0,8% de la populacion vivent principalament lòng dei frontieras ambé d'estats bodistas (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nepal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>...). Enfin, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ja%C3%AFnisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaïnisme">jaïnisme</a> èra la seisena religion dau país e la darriera que representava una minoritat de remarca (0,4% de la populacion siá 4,2 milions de personas). Sei fidèus son magerament implantats dins l'oèst.</p> <p>En fòra d'aquelei sièis religions, Índia teniá tanben de comunautats <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judaïsme">jusieva</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastrisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoroastrisme">zoroastriana</a>, animistas ò de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baha%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahaïsme (la pagina existís pas)">bahaistas</a>. Gropavan solament quauquei milièrs de personas. Aquò es fòrça feble a respèct de la populacion indiana mai pòu representar un grop important dins lo cas de certanei religions amb un nombre limitat de cresents.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe"> Article detalhat: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Istòria d'Índia">Istòria d'Índia</a>. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_civilizacion_de_l'Indus"><span id="La_civilizacion_de_l.27Indus"></span>La civilizacion de l'Indus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La civilizacion de l'Indus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png/220px-Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="715"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png/220px-Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png/330px-Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png/440px-Civilizacion_de_l%27Indus.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Extension de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe"> Article detalhat: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus</a>. </div> <p>Lei vestigis umans pus ancians descubèrts dins la Peninsula Indiana datan de 30 000 avC. La premiera installacion <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neolitic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neolitic">neolitica</a> coneguda data de 5 000 avC dins lo centre dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> actuau a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mehrgarh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a>. D'autrei vilatges d'aqueu periòde se formèron tanben per la seguida dins l'oèst d'aqueu país. A partir de 2500 avC, formèron la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus</a> qu'existiguèt fins a 1900 avC dins lo nòrd-oèst de la peninsula. Dins lo corrent de son desvolopament, diversifiquèt sei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">produccions agricòlas</a>, realizèt de progrès artesanaus nombrós, inventèt la sieuna <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escritura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escritura">escritura</a> e participèt a divèrsei rets comerciaus ambé d'autrei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion">civilizacions</a>. Sei centres urbans principaus èran <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohenjo-daro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harappa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dholavira (la pagina existís pas)">Dholavira</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kalibangan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kalibangan (la pagina existís pas)">Kalibangan</a>.</p> <p>Lei causas dau declin e de la disparicion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus</a> son mau conegudas. L'ipotèsi pus anciana èra una destruccion causada per de migracions de pòbles arians. Pasmens, a l'ora d'ara, aquela ipotèsi es venguda mens populara dins la comunautat scientifica. En plaça, apareguèt d'ipotèsis basadas sus una disparicion entraïnada per de cambiaments climatics causant una crisi agricòla. Una autra possibilitat estudiada es un cambiament major de l'idrografia de la vau de l'Indus entraïnant un assecament de certanei regions. Una combinason d'uneis ipotèsis es tanben possibla.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_migracion_deis_Arians_e_lo_desvolopament_de_la_cultura_vedica">La migracion deis Arians e lo desvolopament de la cultura vedica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La migracion deis Arians e lo desvolopament de la cultura vedica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lei migracions arianas dins lo nòrd-oèst de la Peninsula Indiana acomencèron vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-1500?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-1500">1500 avC</a>. Èran de cavaliers e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elevatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevatge">norriguiers</a> seminomadas d'origina <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indoeurop%C3%A8u?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoeuropèu">indoeuropèa</a> que venián d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a> Centrala. L'utilizacion dau chivau representava un avantatge militar important còntra lei populacions localas mai la lentor de la penetracion ariana dins la peninsula — mai de cinc sègles — suggerís que lo procediment d'installacion foguèt pas unicament guerrier. De mai, i demorèt finalament limitat a la mitat nòrd ont apareguèt una cultura novèla dicha <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Peri%C3%B2de_vedic&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Periòde vedic (la pagina existís pas)">cultura vedica</a>.</p> <p>La societat ariana èra devesida entre divèrsei tribús regularament en guèrra entre elei e compausadas de quatre castas — lei bramans (prèires), lei kshatriya (guerriers), lei vaishya (marchands, païsans) e lei shudra (benlèu d'autoctòns somes) — qu'anavan pauc a pauc aparéisser dins lo corrent dei migracions vèrs Índia. Dins aquel encastre, l'organizacion politica se fondèt sus la formacion de confederacions ò de reiaumes gropant una partida dei tribús arianas, magerament dins la vau de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ganges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> que foguèt quasi totalament ocupada per leis Arians vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-1000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-1000">1000 avC</a>. En particular, se destrian la tribú Baratha que son nom es a l'origina dau mòt Índia (Bharat en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi_(lenga)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indi (lenga)">indi</a>) e lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_de_Magadha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reiaume de Magadha (la pagina existís pas)">reiaume de Magadha</a> que venguèt lo principat pus poderós de la region au sègle VI avC.</p> <p>Un trach major de la progression ariana dins lo monde indian <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">antic</a> foguèt l'emergéncia progressiva d'una cultura religiosa novèla basada sus la division en castas e lei cresenças arianas ò autoctònas. Tres etapas marquèron aquela evolucion qu'anava formar unei religions majoras dau monde contemporanèu. D'efèct, la religion ariana èra inicialament basada sus lei <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veda">Veda</a></i> que l'escritura acomencèt vèrs lo sègle XV avC. Dins lo corrent de la progression ariana, lei bramans desvolopèron de rites pus complèxs que foguèron gropats dins lei <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brahmana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Brahmana (la pagina existís pas)">Brahmana</a></i> escrichs entre lei sègles X e VII avC. Puei, dau sègle VI au sègle IV avC, l'influéncia dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religions</a> localas e la complexificacion dau vedisme entraïnèron la formacion d'una religion novèla, que sei rites foguèron descrichs dins lei <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Upanishad (la pagina existís pas)">Upanishad</a></i>. Aquelei tèxtes compausèron la basa teorica de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indoïsme</a> qu'anava aparéisser dins lei sègles seguents e marcar la tresena etapa de l'evolucion de la religion ariana. D'aqueu temps, lo sistèma eissit dei <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Upanishad (la pagina existís pas)">Upanishad</a></i> favorizèt tanben l'aparicion de religions novèlas (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">Bodisme</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ja%C3%AFnisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaïnisme">Jaïnisme</a>) a partir de movements de contestacion intèrne au sen de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indoïsme</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="L'Empèri_Maurya"><span id="L.27Emp.C3.A8ri_Maurya"></span>L'Empèri Maurya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Empèri Maurya" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_(265_avC).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png/220px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="471"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 184px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png/220px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="184" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png/330px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png/440px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya_%28265_avC%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Empèri Maurya vèrs 265 avC. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe"> Article detalhat: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Maurya">Empèri Maurya</a>. </div> <p>A partir de la fin dau sègle VII, de migracions de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèris nomadas">pòbles nomadas</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">asiatics</a> vèrs l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orient_Mejan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a> — especialament lei Medes qu'aguèron un ròtle decisiu dins la destruccion de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Assirian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Assirian">Empèri Assirian</a> — entraïnèron la formacion la formacion de l'Empèri Mede puei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Aquemenida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Aquemenida">Aquemenida</a> sus lo plan <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">iranian</a>. Aquò permetèt de cambis culturaus importants entre aquelei regions e la peninsula indiana que foguèron per la seguida renfòrçats après la conquista de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_P%C3%A8rsa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Pèrsa">Empèri Pèrsa</a> per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_de_Maced%C3%B2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme de Macedònia">Macedònians</a> d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_lo_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre lo Grand">Alexandre lo Grand</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-334?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-334">334</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-323?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-323">323 avC</a>. D'efèct, maugrat sa <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batalha_de_Hidaspes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Batalha de Hidaspes">victòria sus lo riu Hidaspes</a>, l'armada d'Alexandre refusèt de contuniar sa campanha còntra Índia.</p> <p>Après sa mòrt, una guèrra novèla se debanèt de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-308?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-308">308</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-303?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-303">303 avC</a> entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Seleuc_Nicator&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Seleuc Nicator (la pagina existís pas)">Seleuc Nicator</a>, generau macedonian fondator de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Seleucida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Seleucida">Empèri Seleucida</a> a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesopotamia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Pèrsia</a>, e l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Maurya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Maurya">Empèri Maurya</a> fondat vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-322?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-322">322 avC</a> per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-322?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-322">322</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-298?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-298">298 avC</a>). S'acabèt per una patz negociada a l'avantatge de Chandragupta qu'obtenguèt divèrsei territòris fins a l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> actuau en cambi de 500 elefants. A la fin de son rèine, lei Maurya èran lei senhors de la Vau de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ganges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> e de la màger part dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> actuau. Son successor, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bindusara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bindusara (la pagina existís pas)">Bindusara</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-298?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-298">298</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-274?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-274">274 avC</a>) menèt divèrsei campanhas dins la region de Deccan. Pasmens, son òbra pus importanta foguèt l'organizacion d'una administracion e d'un govèrn solids que permetèron de consolidar l'empèri fondat per son paire.</p> <p>Après quatre annadas de guèrra civila entre leis eiretiers de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bindusara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bindusara (la pagina existís pas)">Bindusara</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashoka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-269?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-269">269</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-232?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-232">232 avC</a>) li succediguèt. La premiera partida de son rèine foguèt marcada per la conquista saunosa dau principat de Kalinga acabada vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-260?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-260">260 avC</a>. D'efèct, après leis atrocitats d'aquela guèrra, Ashoka decidiguèt d'adoptar una politica pus pacifica basada sus lei principis dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">bodisme</a> e de la tolerància deis autrei religions. Completada per una armada permanenta poderosa e un ret important d'espions, permetèt la formacion d'una administracion establa e lo renfòrçament de la poissança de l'Empèri Maurya. Ansin, a la mòrt d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashoka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>, sa capitala <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patna">Pataliputra</a> èra probablament la vila pus poblada dau monde. Pasmens, sei successors poguèron pas contuniar de mantenir son poder sus la totalitat de l'empèri que se devesiguèt entre divèrsei divèrsei principats rivaus après la mòrt dau darrier sobeiran de la dinastia en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-184?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-184">184 avC</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_division_d'Índia_e_l'emergéncia_dei_reiaumes_dravidians"><span id="La_division_d.27.C3.8Dndia_e_l.27emerg.C3.A9ncia_dei_reiaumes_dravidians"></span>La division d'Índia e l'emergéncia dei reiaumes dravidians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La division d'Índia e l'emergéncia dei reiaumes dravidians" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="601"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 283px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png" data-width="220" data-height="283" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png/330px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png/440px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_au_s%C3%A8gle_I.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Division de la peninsula indiana au sègle I. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Au sègle III avC, lei reiaumes dau sud d'Índia èran somés a l'Empèri Maurya. Pasmens, gardèt una autonòmia qui li permetèt de desvolopar la sieuna cultura. Après l'afondrament maurya, aqueleis estats restaurèron son independéncia. Au sègle I avC, se desvolopèt lei premiers estats dravidians qu'ocupèron lo centre de la peninsula fins au sègle III.</p> <p>Dins lo nòrd, a partir dau sègle II avC, la peninsula conoguèt una tièra de migracions entraïnadas per l'agitacion dins lo centre dau continent <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">asiatic</a>. D'efèct, entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-190?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-190">190</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-180?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="-180">180</a>, lo reiaume ellenic de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bactriana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bactriana">Bactriana</a> conquistèt unei regions meridionalas ont una partida de son aristocràcia se convertiguèt au bodisme. Pasmens, vèrs la mitat dau sègle, Bactriana foguèt menaçada per de movements de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèris nomadas">pòbles nomadas</a>. Premier, d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Escitas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Escitas (la pagina existís pas)">escitas</a> — menaçats per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuezhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuezhi">yuezhi</a> — intrèron en Bactriana puei ocupèron una partida dau nòrd-oèst de la peninsula ont son coneguts jos lo nom d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indoescitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoescitas">indoescitas</a>. Puei, lei yuezhis prenguèron lo contraròtle de Bactriana a la fin dau sègle II avC e dau nòrd de la peninsula dins lo corrent dau sègle I avC. Lo clan dei koshans capitèt d'impausar sa dominacion ais autrei tribús yuezhis vèrs la mitat dau sègle I avC e de fondar son empèri en Bactrina e dins lei vaus d'Indus e de Ganges.</p> <p>Durant sei migracions vèrs Índia, lei koshans adoptèron pauc a pauc lei culturas ellenicas e indianas. Ansin, venguèron rapidament de protectors de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">bodista</a> e l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_koshan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri koshan">Empèri koshan</a> foguèt una poissança majora dau continent asiatic fins au sègle III. Son apogèu se debanèt durant lo rèine de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanishka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a> (vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/127?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="127">127</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/147?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="147">147</a>). Après son rèine, lo territòri koshan demeniguèt pauc a pauc. Après <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/225?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="225">225</a>, se devesiguèt entre dos estats que perdiguèron Bactriana vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/240?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="240">240</a> e la vau de Ganges vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/270?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="270">270</a>. Leis invasions dei Huns Blancs entraïnèron la destruccion dei darriers estats koshans ai sègles IV e V.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="L'Empèri_Gupta"><span id="L.27Emp.C3.A8ri_Gupta"></span>L'Empèri Gupta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Empèri Gupta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png/220px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="570"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 282px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png/220px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png" data-width="220" data-height="282" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png/330px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png/440px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta_v%C3%A8rs_400.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Empèri Gupta vèrs 400. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe"> Article detalhat: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Gupta">Empèri Gupta</a>. </div> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Gupta">Empèri Gupta</a> se formèt a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/320?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="320">320</a> a partir de la vila de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patna">Pataliputra</a> sota la direccion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chandragupta_I%C3%A8r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chandragupta Ièr">Chandragupta I<sup>èr</sup></a> (vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/319?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="319">319</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/335?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="335">335</a>) que fondèt la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Gupta">dinastia Gupta</a>. Son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samudragupta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a> (vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/335?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="335">335</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/375?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="375">375</a>) conquistèt la màger part de la vau de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ganges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> e lo nòrd-oèst de la peninsula indiana. Enfin, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chandragupta_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chandragupta II">Chandragupta II</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/380?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="380">380</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/415?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="415">415</a>) agantèt lei ribas de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_d%27Oman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar d'Oman">Mar d'Oman</a> marcant l'apogèu territòriau de la dinastia.</p> <p>Son successor <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kumaragupta_I%C3%A8r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kumaragupta Ièr">Kumaragupta I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/415?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="415">415</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/455?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="455">455</a>) conoguèt un començament de rèine sensa guèrra importanta e poguèt renfòrçar l'estabilitat intèrna de l'empèri. Pasmens, durant sei darriereis annadas, deguèt faciar de menaças exterioras que la pus importanta èra leis invasions dei Huns Blancs — installats en Bactriana durant la premiera mitat dau sègle V — a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/450?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="450">450</a>. Son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skandagupta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skandagupta">Skandagupta</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/455?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="455">455</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/467?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="467">467</a>) contunièt de resistir au prètz d'un afebliment de la dinastia. Après sa mòrt, l'Empèri Gupta comencèt de declinar. Vèrs 500, lei Huns ocupèron lo nòrd dau bacin de Ganges. Puei, dins lo corrent dau sègle VI, s'avancèron pauc a pauc lòng de sa vau entraïnant la fragmentacion e la disparicion de l'Empèri Gupta a la fin dau sègle. Pasmens, lo succès dei Huns Blancs foguèt provisòri : en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>, foguèron anientats per lei Tujues e lei Pèrsas e, en Índia, foguèron rapidament assimilats per lei populacions localas.</p> <p>Au nivèu culturau, lo periòde Gupta definís l'Índia Classica. Es caracterizat per l'adopcion quasi definitiva dei rites principaus de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indoïsta</a> — religion oficiala dei sobeirans — que veguèt son nombre de fidèus au detriment dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">bodisme</a>. Pasmens, aquela religion conoguèt tanben un vam importanta gràcias a la tolerància e a la proteccion de la dinastia. Enfin, se desvolopèt tanben una literatura profana remarcabla ambé d'autors coma <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kalidasa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kalidasa (la pagina existís pas)">Kalidasa</a>.</p> <p>Après la disparicion de l'Empèri Gupta, se formèt l'Empèri de Harsha (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/590?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="590">590</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/647?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="647">647</a>) au començament dau sègle VII. Capitèt d'ocupar lo nòrd-oèst de la peninsula. Pasmens, son estat dispareguèt rapidament après sa mòrt.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lo_periòde_medievau"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_medievau"></span>Lo periòde medievau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde medievau" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png/220px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 269px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png/220px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png" data-width="220" data-height="269" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png/330px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara_v%C3%A8rs_900.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Empèri Pratihara vèrs 900. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après la disparicion de l'Empèri de Harsha, la fragmentacion politica de la peninsula demorèt fins a la formacion dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultanat de Delhi">Sultanat de Delhi</a>. Leis eveniments majors d'aqueu periòde i foguèron l'arribada de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a> au començament dau sègle VIII e l'evolucion distinta deis estats dau nòrd e dau sud.</p> <p>Au nòrd, la vila de Kanyakubja venguèt l'objècte de luchas entre divèrsei principats desirós d'establir sa preeminéncia sus la region. Au sègle VIII, foguèt conquistada per l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Pratihara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Empèri Pratihara (la pagina existís pas)">Empèri Pratihara</a>. Aquel estat conoguèt son apogèu vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="910">910</a> mai son declin foguèt rapide car dispareguèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1036?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1036">1036</a>. Puei, la vila passèt sota la contraròtle de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Pala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia Pala (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia Pala</a> que demorèt poderosa dins la vau de Ganges fins au sègle XII. D'aqueu temps, d'autrei principats avián una poissança remarcabla dins la region coma l'estat Chandula a l'entorn de sa capitala Khajuraho. Enfin, a l'oèst de Deccan, se formèt l'estat dei Rashtrakutas que favorizèt lo comèrci dins la region fins a sa disparicion dins leis annadas 970.</p> <p>Au sud, lei sègles XI-IX foguèron marcadas per la lucha entre lei Chalukyas, lei Pallavas e lei Cholas. Lei premiers se formèron au sègle V e venguèron la poissança principala de la region durant la segonda mitat dau sègle VI. Se turtèron ai Pallavas e ai Rashtrakuta que leis eliminèron en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/753?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="753">753</a>. Lei Pallavas venguèron alora la poissança dominanta dau sud d'Índia fins a sa desfacha de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/888?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="888">888</a> còntra lei Cholas. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="949">949</a>, foguèron somes per lei Rashtrakutas. Dins leis annadas 1070, aprofichèron lo declin de l'estat de Deccan per restaurar son independéncia dins lo sud-èst de la peninsula fins a sa disparicion en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1279?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1279">1279</a>. Aquelei reiaumes meridionaus desvolopèron lo comèrci ambé l'Asia dau Sud-Èst e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ceilan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceilan">Ceilan</a> e protegiguèron la difusion de l'indoïsme sus sei territòris.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_dominacion_dau_Sultanat_de_Delhi">La dominacion dau Sultanat de Delhi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La dominacion dau Sultanat de Delhi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png/220px-India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 255px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png/220px-India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png" data-width="220" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png/330px-India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/India_-_Sultanat_de_Delhi_v%C3%A8rs_1310.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Sultanat de Delhi vèrs 1310. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe"> Article detalhat: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultanat de Delhi">Sultanat de Delhi</a>. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="La_formacion_dau_sultanat">La formacion dau sultanat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La formacion dau sultanat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle X, la vila <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">afgana</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gazni&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gazni (la pagina existís pas)">Gazni</a> venguèt lo sèti d'una dinastia turca fondada per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alptegin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alptegin (la pagina existís pas)">Alptegin</a> qu'èra un cap militar au servici de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Samanida&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Empèri Samanida (la pagina existís pas)">Empèri Samanida</a>. Aprofichant lo declin de la dinastia samanida — que dispareguèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1005">1005</a> — sei successors venguèron lei senhors d'un estat independent poderós en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Centrala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Centrala">Asia Centrala</a>. Vèrs lo començament dau sègle XI, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_de_Gazni&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahmud de Gazni (la pagina existís pas)">Mahmud</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/997?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="997">997</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1030?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1030">1030</a>) acomencèt d'organizar d'expedicions de pilhatge regularas còntra lei principats dau nòrd d'Índia. Aqueleis atacas se transformèron en operacions d'annexion e lo nòrd-oèst de la peninsula foguèt conquistat. La vila de Lahore i venguèt un centre politic e culturau major. Quand lei Gaznevides acomencèron de faciar la pression militara d'autrei pòbles <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">asiatics</a> en Asia Centrala (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Dandanakan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha de Dandanakan (la pagina existís pas)">desfacha de Dandanakan</a> en 1039, pèrda de Gazni en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1149?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1149">1149</a>), la capitala de l'Empèri i foguèt transferida fins a la disparicion de l'empèri en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1186?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1186">1186</a> après sa conquista per lei Gurides.</p> <p>Lei Gurides installèron un generau turc dich <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Qutb_ud_Din_Aibak&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Qutb ud Din Aibak (la pagina existís pas)">Qutb ud Din Aibak</a> coma governador de Lahore. A partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1199?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1199">1199</a>, acomencèt de conquistar la region orientala dau Bacin de Ganges e se proclamèt independent tre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1206?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1206">1206</a> fondant lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultanat de Delhi">sultanat de Delhi</a>. Aprofichant sa cavalariá e aguent la possibilitat de recrutar de soudats novèus gràcias ai butins dei pilhatges dei tesaurs dei senhors indians, leis armadas <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmanas</a> prenguèron l'avantatge e conquistèron lo nòrd de la peninsula. Leis estats dau centre e dau sud capitèron en revènge de resistir gràcias a una organizacion militara melhora. Un autre trach caracteristic d'aqueu periòde foguèt la quasi abséncia <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mong%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mongòl">d'invasions mongòlas</a> dins la peninsula. D'efèct, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genghis_Khan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> e son armada agantèt <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indus">Indus</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1221?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1221">1221</a> mai lo clima indian li semblèt tròp e preferiguèt orientar sei fòrças vèrs d'autrei regions d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Ansin, aquò permetèt au sultanat de se renfòrçar.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_renfòrçament_e_l'apogèu_dau_sultanat"><span id="Lo_renf.C3.B2r.C3.A7ament_e_l.27apog.C3.A8u_dau_sultanat"></span>Lo renfòrçament e l'apogèu dau sultanat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo renfòrçament e l'apogèu dau sultanat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Maugrat la patz — fòrça relativa car Lahore foguèt pilhada mai d'un còp — sus la frontiera ambé lei Mongòls, l'abséncia de reglas de succession au sen de la monarquia turca entraïnèt de crisis militaras importantas entre leis eiretiers potenciaus a la fin de cada rèine. A partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1249?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1249">1249</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Balban&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Balban (la pagina existís pas)">Balban</a>, ministre puei sultan a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1266?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1266">1266</a>, adoptèt unei tradicions indianas per legitimar son poder e li donar una origina divina (prosternacion obligatòria davant lo sultan... etc.), eliminèt unei senhors menaçant l'autoritat centrala e capitèt d'arrestar leis incursions mongòlas dins lo nòrd-èst. Sa mòrt entraïnèt un novèu periòde d'anarquia politica fins a la presa dau poder per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jalal_ud-Din&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jalal ud-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Jalal ud-Din</a> que fondèt la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Khaldji&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia Khaldji (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia Khaldji</a> qu'anava dirigir lo sultanat fins a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1320?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1320">1320</a>. Foguèt rapidament assassinat per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ala_ud-Din&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ala ud-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Ala ud-Din</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1296?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1296">1296</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1316?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1316">1316</a>) que conquistèt lei regions de Gujarat e de Deccan, vassalizèt lei reiaumes dau sud e resistiguèt ais atacas dau Khanat de Djagataï. Après sa mòrt, quatre annadas de guèrra civila s'acabèron per la fondacion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_tughluquida&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia tughluquida (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia tughluquida</a> per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghiyath_al-Din&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ghiyath al-Din (la pagina existís pas)">Ghiyath al-Din</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1320?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1320">1320</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1325">1325</a>).</p> <p>Lo segond sultan de la dinastia tughluquida <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Tughluq&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muhammad bin Tughluq (la pagina existís pas)">Muhammad bin Tughluq</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1325">1325</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1351?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1351">1351</a>) assaièt de sometre lei regions de centre d'Índia. Per aquò, desplacèt la capitala, compres seis abitants, de Delhi a Devagiri dins lo Deccan. Aquela decision mau capitèt en causa de la manca d'aiga e entraïnèt la roïna dei finanças publicas. Divèrseis aumentacions d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impòst">impòsts</a> causèron de revòutas e de secessions dins lei regions perifericas coma lo reiaume Bamhani. Son successor <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Firuz_Shah_Tughluq&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Firuz Shah Tughluq (la pagina existís pas)">Firuz Shah Tughluq</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1351?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1351">1351</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1387?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1387">1387</a>) capitèt de redreiçar la situacion e d'empachar la disparicion dau sultanat gràcias a sei competéncias d'administrator. Pasmens, foguèt obligat d'abdicar en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1387?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1387">1387</a> entraïnant una crisi politica (sièis sultans de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1387?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1387">1387</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1398?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1398">1398</a>) qu'afebliguèt la dinastia. Ansin, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1398?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1398">1398</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamburlan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamburlan">Tamburlan</a> poguèt atacar e pilhar Delhi causant la començament d'un periòde de declin dau sultanat car unei vassaus musulmans se declarèron alora independents.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_declin_e_la_fin_dau_sultanat">Lo declin e la fin dau sultanat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo declin e la fin dau sultanat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="557"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 254px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png" data-width="220" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png/330px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png/440px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_v%C3%A8rs_1520.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Division de la peninsula indiana vèrs 1520. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après d'annadas de caòs politic, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_dei_Sayyid&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia dei Sayyid (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia dei Sayyid</a> prenguèt lo poder de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1414?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1414">1414</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1451?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1451">1451</a> dins un sultanat reduch ai regions a l'entorn de sa capitala e que demorèt vassau l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Timurida&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Empèri Timurida (la pagina existís pas)">Empèri Timurida</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1451?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1451">1451</a>, lo cap <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">afgan</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahlul_Lodi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahlul Lodi (la pagina existís pas)">Bahlul Lodi</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1451?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1451">1451</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1489?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1489">1489</a>) conquistèt Delhi e lo darrier sobeiran Sayyid abdiquèt en sa favor. Aquò foguèt lo començament de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_dei_Lodi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dinastia dei Lodi (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia dei Lodi</a> qu'anava dirigir lo sultanat fins a sa disparicion en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1526?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1526">1526</a>. Fins a sa mòrt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1489?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1489">1489</a>, Bahlul capitèt de conquistar lo sultanat de Jaunpur (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1479?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1479">1479</a>) e d'establir una politica de tolerància religiosa que li donèt lo sostèn de mai d'un cap indoïsta. Son fiu e successor <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sikandar_Lodi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sikandar Lodi (la pagina existís pas)">Sikandar Lodi</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1489?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1489">1489</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1517?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1517">1517</a>) contunièt l'expansion dau sultanant mai mau capitèt de sometre lei Rajputs. Melhorèt tanben l'administracion de sei possessions e l'obeïssença de sa noblesa. Ansin, dins lo corrent de son rèine, lo sultanat venguèt tornarmai un estat prospèr. Pasmens, son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Lodi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ibrahim Lodi (la pagina existís pas)">Ibrahim Lodi</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1517?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1517">1517</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1526?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1526">1526</a>) venguèt rapidament fòrça impopular en causa de sa crenhença permanenta d'un complòt còntra eu. S'alienèt donc la màger part de son aristocràcia. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1526?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1526">1526</a>, quand lo rèi afgan <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babur">Babur</a> ataquèt lo sultanat, Ibrahim foguèt abandonat per sei tropas e tuat sus lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Panipat&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha de Panipat (la pagina existís pas)">prat batalhier de Panipat</a>. Lo venceire fondèt l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Leis_autreis_estats_indians_dau_periòde_dau_sultanat"><span id="Leis_autreis_estats_indians_dau_peri.C3.B2de_dau_sultanat"></span>Leis autreis estats indians dau periòde dau sultanat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Leis autreis estats indians dau periòde dau sultanat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Lo_Sultanat_de_Bengala">Lo Sultanat de Bengala</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Sultanat de Bengala" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sultanat_de_Bengala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sultanat de Bengala (la pagina existís pas)">Sultanat de Bengala</a> se formèt a la fin au sègle XIV quand lo prince <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulman</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shamsuddin_Ilyas_Chah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shamsuddin Ilyas Chah (la pagina existís pas)">Shamsuddin Ilyas Chah</a> qu'aviá unificat la region en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1339?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1339">1339</a>, se proclamèt independent dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultanat de Delhi">sultanat de Delhi</a>. Maugrat una estabilitat politica mau segura — cinc <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia">dinastias</a> en dos sègles d'existéncia — lo sultanat demorèt independent fins a son annexion au sen de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1576?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1576">1576</a>. Un trach caracteristic d'aquel estat foguèt l'adopcion de la lenga locala per l'aristocràcia <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmana</a>. Aquò permetèt lo desvolopament d'una literatura richa e favorizèt l'islamizacion dei regions orientalas dau sultanat.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Lo_Sultanat_de_Bahmani">Lo Sultanat de Bahmani</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Sultanat de Bahmani" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo Sultanat de Bahmani se formèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1347?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1347">1347</a> quand lo governador de la vila de Daulatabad venguèt independent sota lo nom de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahman_Chah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahman Chah (la pagina existís pas)">Bahman Chah</a>. Aprofichèt lei dificultats economicas de la fin dau rèine de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Tughluq&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muhammad bin Tughluq (la pagina existís pas)">Muhammad bin Tughluq</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1325">1325</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1351?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1351">1351</a>) per conquistar unei regions dins lo centre de la peninsula. Pasmens, de conflictes ambé l'Empèri de Vijanayagar e de rivalitats entre lei diferentei faccions musulmanas de l'elèit dau sultanat (Sunitas/Chiitas, Iranians/Turcs/Indians) entraïnèron son esclatament a partir de la fin dau sègle XV (independéncia de Berar, d'Ahmadnagar e de Bijapur vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1490?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1490">1490</a>, independéncia de Golconde en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1512?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1512">1512</a>). La dinastia bahmanida gardèt lo contraròtle de la region de Bidar fins au sègle XVII.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="L'Empèri_de_Vijayanagar"><span id="L.27Emp.C3.A8ri_de_Vijayanagar"></span>L'Empèri de Vijayanagar</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Empèri de Vijayanagar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_de_Vijayanagar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri de Vijayanagar">Empèri de Vijayanagar</a> se formèt dins lo sud de la peninsula en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1336?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1336">1336</a> après una revòuta victoriosa dirigida per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Harihara_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Harihara Ier (la pagina existís pas)">Harihara I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1336?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1336">1336</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1356?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1356">1356</a>) e son fraire <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bukka_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bukka Ier (la pagina existís pas)">Bukka I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1356?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1356">1356</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1377?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1377">1377</a>). Capitèron de formar una dinastia <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indoïsta</a> que limitèt l'expansion de l'influéncia de l'islam dins lo sud d'Índia. Venguèt una crosiera comerciala importanta entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a> dau Sud-Èst, la peninsula Aràbia, l'Africa Orientala e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.</p> <p>L'apogèu de l'Empèri aguèt luòc vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1425?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1425">1425</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1565?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1565">1565</a>, son armada foguèt anientada a la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Talikota&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha de Talikota (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Talikota</a> son sobeiran i foguèt capturat e executat. Sa mòrt entraïnèt una crisi de succession e la scission de l'Empèri entre uneis estats rivaus.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="L'arribada_dei_Portugués"><span id="L.27arribada_dei_Portugu.C3.A9s"></span>L'arribada dei Portugués</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'arribada dei Portugués" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'arribada dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugués</a> dins la peninsula indiana aguèt luòc en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1498?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1498">1498</a> durant l'expedicion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco de Gama">Vasco de Gama</a>. Aquò representèt una rompedura deis equilibris comerciaus de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_Mejana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> e lei relacions ambé lei princes musulmans venguèron rapidament marridas. Una aliança <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmana</a> dirigida per lei Mamelocs d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> assaièt d'eliminar la preséncia portuguesa dins l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a> mai foguèt vencuda e sa <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Diu_(1509)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha de Diu (1509) (la pagina existís pas)">flòta destrucha a Diu</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1509?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1509">1509</a>. Puei, lei Portugués conquistèron Goa en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1510?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1510">1510</a> e Malacca en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1511?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1511">1511</a>. Aquela implantacion foguèt renfòrçada ambé la presa de Diu en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1535?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1535">1535</a> e de Daman en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1539?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1539">1539</a> e aquel ensems de vilas formèt una Vice Reiautat que son sèti foguèt installada a Goa. Permetèt ai Portugués de s'enriquir gràcias au comèrci d'espècias a destinacion d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_dominacion_e_lo_declin_de_l'Empèri_Mogòl"><span id="La_dominacion_e_lo_declin_de_l.27Emp.C3.A8ri_Mog.C3.B2l"></span>La dominacion e lo declin de l'Empèri Mogòl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La dominacion e lo declin de l'Empèri Mogòl" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png/220px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="539"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 256px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png/220px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png" data-width="220" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png/330px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png/440px-India_-_Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l_au_s%C3%A8gle_XVII.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Empèri Mogòl au sègle XVII. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a> foguèt fondat per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babur">Babur</a> après sa victòria còntra lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultanat de Delhi">Sultanat de Delhi</a>. Pasmens, l'afondrament dau sultanat meridionau causèt l'aparicion de trèbols dins tota la peninsula e fins a sa mòrt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1530?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1530">1530</a>, Babur deguèt luchar còntra leis ambicions dei Rajputs ò de caps afgans revòutats. Son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Humayun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Humayun (la pagina existís pas)">Humayun</a> li succediguèt mai perdiguèt rapidament lo poder après un còp d'estat dau senhor <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">afgan</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sher_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sher Khan (la pagina existís pas)">Sher Khan</a> que se proclamèt sultan de Bengala e conquistèt Delhi e Agra en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1540?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1540">1540</a>. Renforcèt sa posicion gràcias a una politica de tolerància fins a sa mòrt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1545?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1545">1545</a>. Son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Islam_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Islam Shah (la pagina existís pas)">Islam Shah</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1545?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1545">1545</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1554?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1554">1554</a>) li succediguèt e contunièt sa politica. Pasmens, après sa mòrt, son fiu laissèt lo poder a un ministre indó entraïnant una revòuta dei senhors. Humayun aprofichèt lo caòs per tornar prendre lo poder en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1555?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1555">1555</a>.</p> <p>Après la mòrt de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Humayun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Humayun (la pagina existís pas)">Humayun</a>, son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akbar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1556?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1556">1556</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1605?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1605">1605</a>) foguèt impausat per lo generau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bairam_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bairam Khan (la pagina existís pas)">Bairam Khan</a> coma successor. A partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1562?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1562">1562</a>, acomencèt una tièra de campanhas militaras per estendre son territòri. Dins leis annadas 1560, capitèt de sometre lei Rajputs que demorèron per la seguida de vassaus fidèus de la dinastia. Puei, entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1572?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1572">1572</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1573?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1573">1573</a>, menèt la conquista dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sultanat_de_Gujarat&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sultanat de Gujarat (la pagina existís pas)">sultanat de Gujarat</a> que permetèt a l'Empèri d'agantar l'Ocean. Après aqueu succès, contunièt de sometre leis autrei principats dau nòrd de la peninsula (Bengala, Cachemire, Sind, Balotchistan) avans de dirigir sei tropas vèrs lo sud. I conquistèt lei regions de Khandesh, de Berar e d'Ahmadnagar. En parallèl d'aquelei guèrras, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akbar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> s'ocupèt de l'organizacion de l'administracion e d'encoratjar la tolerància religiosa dins l'Empèri. Una aristocràcia non ereditària foguèt creada e recebiguèt de fèus de dirigir en cambi d'un sostèn militar en cas de conflicte. Aquelei senhors foguèron chausits au sen dei princes <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmans</a> ò <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indós</a> raliats au poder coma lei Rajputs.</p> <p>A la mòrt d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akbar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1605?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1605">1605</a>, li succediguèt son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jahangir (la pagina existís pas)">Jahangir</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1605?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1605">1605</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1627?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1627">1627</a>) que son rèine foguèt marcat per una epidemia de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A8sta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pèsta">pèsta</a> importanta de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1616?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1616">1616</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1624?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1624">1624</a>. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shah_Jahan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shah Jahan (la pagina existís pas)">Shah Jahan</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1627?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1627">1627</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1658?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1658">1658</a>) adoptèt tornarmai una politica d'expansion militara. Obtenguèt divèrsei succès dins lo sud de la peninsula. En revènge, dins lo nòrd, mau capitèt de reconquistar la vila de Kandahar tenguda per l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Safavida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Safavida">Empèri Safavida</a> e lo nòrd de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> actuau tengut per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ozbequistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ozbequistan">Ozbècs</a>. Aquelei reviradas causèron una crisi financiera de l'estat puei una guèrra civila entre lei quatre fius de l'emperaire a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1657?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1657">1657</a>. Gràcias a divèrsei complòts e victòrias, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurangzeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1658?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1658">1658</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1707?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>) eliminèt son paire e sei fraires e venguèt lo cap de l'Empèri entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1658?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1658">1658</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1661?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1661">1661</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurangzeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> aguèt un rèine lòng que permetèt a l'Empèri Mogòl d'agantar son apogèu territòriau. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1669?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1669">1669</a>, deguèt faciar una revòuta indó dins la region de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. Aquel eveniment lo decidiguèt d'adoptar una politica religiosa en favor dau sunisme per dispausar de sostèns militars còntra lei princes indós e chiitas. Aquò causèt de tensions religiosas importantas e una resisténcia acarnada deis estats dau sud de la peninsula ai temptativas de conquista organizadas a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1680?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1680">1680</a>. Ansin, maugrat unei victòrias e l'ocupacion de la màger part dau sud d'Índia, la preséncia de l'Empèri Mogòl demorèt totjorn mau segura e dispareguèt rapidament après la mòrt d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurangzeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1707?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>.</p> <p>En particular, tres factors apareguts dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle XVII anavan entraïnar lo declin de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a>. Lo premier èra lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Maratha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Empèri Maratha (la pagina existís pas)">movement maratha</a> format dins leis annadas 1650 per un cap indó desirós de luchar còntra lo poder dei princes musulmans indians. Après mai d'un succès militar dins lo centre, lei Marathes foguèron desfachs en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1689?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1689">1689</a> per lei Mogòls mai l'organizacion foguèt pas anientada e contunièt sa guerilha. Lo segond èra secte religiosa dei Sikhs que se formèt au començament dau sègle XVI dins la region de Pendjab. Foguèt a l'origina d'unei revòutas dins lo corrent dau sègle XVII e acomencèt de s'organizar d'un biais militar a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1699?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1699">1699</a>. Enfin, lo tresen factor foguèt l'arribada de marchands europèus novèus venguts dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Païses Basses">Províncias Unidas</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> e subretot dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>. Leis Olandés capitèron de conquistar lei posicions portuguesas de Malacca (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1641?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1641">1641</a>), de Colombo (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1658?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1658">1658</a>) e de Cochin (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1663?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1663">1663</a>) e venguèron la poissança europèa dominanta dns lo sud de la peninsula. Incapables de s'i opausar, lei Britanics deguèron donc s'installar au nòrd a Madras (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1639?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1639">1639</a>), a Bombay (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1674?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1674">1674</a>) e a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcuta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcuta">Calcuta</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1690?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1690">1690</a>).</p> <p>Après la mòrt d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurangzeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a> conoguèt una tièra de crisis que causèron son declin rapida dins lo corrent dau sègle XVIII e menacèron son estabilitat. En parallèl d'aquelei dificultats, de poders regionaus novèus apareguèron dins la peninsula que conquistèron unei províncias de l'Empèri. Enfin, en causa dau començament de la colonizacion europèa, leis influéncias estrangieras, especialament <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">britanica</a>, acomencèron de venir un factor major d'afebliment deis estats indians.</p> <p>Lo successor d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurangzeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Shah_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahadur Shah Ier (la pagina existís pas)">Bahadur Shah I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1707?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1712?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1712">1712</a>), aguèt encara un rèine calme mai sa mòrt marquèt lo començament d'una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_civila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra civila">guèrra civila</a> per sa succession qu'entraïnèt l'execucion deis emperaires <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jahandar_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jahandar Shah (la pagina existís pas)">Jahandar Shah</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1713?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1713">1713</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Farrukhsiyar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Farrukhsiyar (la pagina existís pas)">Farrukhsiyar</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1719?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1719">1719</a>. Après aquelei trèbols, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muhammad Shah (la pagina existís pas)">Muhammad Shah</a> reinèt fins a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1748?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1748">1748</a> mai sa politica fòrça prudenta prenguèt finalament ges d'iniciativa. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1739?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1739">1739</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> foguèt ocupada e pilhada per lei tropas <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">persas</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nadir_Chah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nadir Chah (la pagina existís pas)">Nadir Chah</a>. Aquò foguèt lo començament de dètz expedicions de pilhatge dau nòrd d'Índia per d'armadas afganas (de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1747?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1747">1747</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1769?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1769">1769</a>). Dins leis annadas 1750, aquelei reviradas militaras acomencèron de se tradurre per de pèrdas territòrialas : leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afgans</a> conquistèron Pendjab, Multan e Cachemire mentre que de conflictes acomencèron ambé lei Rohillas e lei Marathes. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1757?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1757">1757</a>, Delhi foguèt tornarmai pilhada per l'Afgan <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ahmad Shah (la pagina existís pas)">Ahmad Shah</a>. Aquò entraïnèt l'afondrament de l'Empèri que venguèt l'enjòc de luchas entre leis Afgans e lei Marathes. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1761?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1761">1761</a>, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Panipat_(1761)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha de Panipat (1761) (la pagina existís pas)">la victòria afgana de Panipat</a> empachèt lei Marathes de conquistar Delhi e mantenguèt un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a> independent mai d'ara endavant reduch a la region de sa capitala. Aquò permetèt tanben de limitar l'influéncia dei Marathes que capitèt de dominar lo centre de la peninsula.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_formacion_de_l'Índia_Britanica"><span id="La_formacion_de_l.27.C3.8Dndia_Britanica"></span>La formacion de l'Índia Britanica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La formacion de l'Índia Britanica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="576"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 246px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png" data-width="220" data-height="246" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png/330px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png/440px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_v%C3%A8rs_1765.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Division de la peninsula indiana vèrs 1765. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La formacion de l'Índia Britanica se debanèt dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle XVIII quand lo ret de comptadors de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Companha_Anglesa_deis_%C3%8Dndias_Orientalas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Companha Anglesa deis Índias Orientalas">Companha Anglesa deis Índias Orientalas</a> establits lòng dei costats se transformèt en un empèri poderós que vendrà la basa dau futur <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri Britanic</a>. La premiera etapa d'aquela evolucion foguèt l'eliminacion de la preséncia <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">francesa</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1763?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1763">1763</a>. Per aquò, lo governador britanic <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_Clive&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert Clive (la pagina existís pas)">Robert Clive</a> s'inspirèt de la politica dau Francés <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dupleix&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph François Dupleix (la pagina existís pas)">Joseph François Dupleix</a> qu'èra vengut un senhor indian per legitimar sa preséncia e formar divèrseis alianças ambé lei princes indians dau centre. Puei, après la victòria anglesa, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Companha_Anglesa_deis_%C3%8Dndias_Orientalas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Companha Anglesa deis Índias Orientalas">Companhiá</a> conquistèt la supremàcia economica dins la region ambé l'ocupacion dei centres economics principaus e poguèt finançar sa politica militara gràcias ai beneficis comerciaus. Enfin, lei Britanics entretenguèron lei divisions e lei rivalitats indianas per empachar d'un frònt antibritanic gropant una coalicion importanta. Ansin, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1805?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1805">1805</a>, lei Britanics alinhavan 155 000 soudats ben equipats e ben comandats e èran venguts la premiera poténcia de la peninsula.</p> <p>L'expulsion dei Francés de la region se debanèt de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1740?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1763?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1763">1763</a> durant lei guèrras de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Succession_d%27%C3%80ustria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria">Succession d'Àustria</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1740?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1748?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1748">1748</a>) e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_S%C3%A8t_Ans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra de Sèt Ans">Sèt Ans</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1756?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1756">1756</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1763?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1763">1763</a>). Dins lo corrent de la premiera, lei Francés capitèron de resistir ais assauts britanics e li causèron de reviradas importantas. En revènge, la segonda s'acabèt per una victòria anglesa totala ambé la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8tge_Pondich%C3%A9ry_(1760-1761)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sètge Pondichéry (1760-1761) (la pagina existís pas)">conquista de Pondichéry</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1761?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1761">1761</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1763?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1763">1763</a>, la preséncia francesa en Índia foguèt limitada a cinc comptadors. Aquelei conflictes aguèron una importància gròssa per lei Britanics qu'adoptèron lo modèl de colonizacion francés basat sus una integracion dei caps europèus au sen deis afaires indians.</p> <p>Ansin, de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_S%C3%A8t_Ans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra de Sèt Ans">Guèrra de Sèt Ans</a> au començament dau sègle XIX, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Companha_Anglesa_deis_%C3%8Dndias_Orientalas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Companha Anglesa deis Índias Orientalas">Companha Anglesa deis Índias Orientalas</a> aumentèt pauc a pauc son influéncia dins la peninsula gràcias a sa poissança economica e au contraròtle, sovent indirècte, deis institucions tradicionalas de la societat indiana. L'eveniment decisiu de l'installacion d'aquela dominacion foguèt la guèrra començada en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1756?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1756">1756</a> còntra leis Anglés per lo <i>nabab</i> de Bengala que foguèt esquichat en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1757?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1757">1757</a> a la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batalha_de_Plassey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batalha de Plassey">batalha de Plassey</a>. Aquò permetèt d'ara endavant a la Companhiá de nomar un <i>nabab</i> favorable a seis interès e de s'installar dins un centre economic major de la region. Puei, après una revòuta d'una aristocràcia locala que foguèt vencuda a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Buxar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha de Buxar (la pagina existís pas)">Buxar</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1764?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1764">1764</a>, lei Britanics prenguèron dirèctament lo contraròtle de Bengala. Après aquelei succès, lei regions d'Aoudh e de Benarès passèron tanben sota l'influéncia britanica dins leis annadas 1770-1780.</p> <p>Puei, lei Britanics aprofichèron lei dificultats intèrnas dei Marates per favorizar lo declin dau poderós empèri situat dins lo centre de la peninsula. Per aquò, foguèron ajudats per la crisi de succession que causèt una guèrra civila lònga (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1772?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1772">1772</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1778?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1778">1778</a>) entre lei dos pretendants au tròne. La Companhiá sostenguèt lo camp vencut mai capitèt de conquistar l'illa de Salsette en fàcia de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bombay (la pagina existís pas)">Bombay</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1790?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1790">1790</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1793?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1793">1793</a>, l'Empèri Marate deguèt reprimir de revòutas regionalas importantas e, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1794?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">1794</a>, la mòrt de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahadaji_Sindhia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahadaji Sindhia (la pagina existís pas)">Mahadaji Sindhia</a> entraïnèt una crisi de succession novèla que s'acabèt solament après d'annadas de guèrra en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1802?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1802">1802</a>. D'aqueu temps, l'Empèri aviá perdut divèrsei províncias e deguèt faciar d'ara endavant de temptativas de conquistas dirèctas organizadas per lei Britanics fins a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1804?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1804">1804</a>. Totalament destruch, l'Empèri Marate subreviquèt encara quauqueis annadas car la Companhiá deguèt s'ocupar d'autrei menaças per sa dominacion.</p> <p>La pus importanta foguèt aquela dau reiaume de Mysore. Gràcias au sostèn francés durant la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Independ%C3%A9ncia_dels_Estats_Units_d%27America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra d'Independéncia dels Estats Units d'America">Guèrra d'Independéncia deis Estats Units d'America</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1776?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1776">1776</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1783?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a>), se renforcèt dins lo centre de la peninsula e menacèt Madras en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1780?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1780">1780</a>. Pasmens, après la fin de la guèrra, lei Britanics formèron una coalicion importanta gropant l'Empèri Marate, Nizam e divèrsei princes indians qu'impausèt la cession de territòris important au Mysore en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1794?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">1794</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1799?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1799">1799</a>, una guèrra novèla s'acabèt per la quasi destruccion dau reiaume e permetèt ai Britanics d'annexar unei regions dins lo sud d'Índia. Unei senhors aliats de Londres foguèron tanben obligadas de signar de tractats similars a un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a>.</p> <p>Enfin, après la somission dau sud e la fin de la guèrra europèa, lei Britanics poguèron tornarmai s'interessar ais estats meridionaus. Entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1817?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1817">1817</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1818?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1818">1818</a>, leis estats marates foguèron anientats ò obligats d'acceptar lo protectorat anglés entraïnant la disparicion de l'Empèri Marate. Après aquela guèrra, lei Sikhs dau nòrd-oèst èran la darriera poissança independenta de la peninsula. Pasmens, son mantenement èra tanben una fònt de profiechs per la dominacion britanica car aquel estat representava un barri important còntra lei trèbols venguts d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Centrala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Centrala">Asia Centrala</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="521"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 207px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png" data-width="220" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/330px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/440px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Division de la peninsula indiana en 1858 après la Revòuta dei Cipayes. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après aquelei victòrias, lei Britanics establiguèron un òrdre economic favorable au mantenement de son empèri indian e de son esplecha. Sa premiera caracteristica importanta foguèt l'ocupacion dei pòstes principaus de direccion ai Britanics. Sa segonda caracteristica foguèt la formacion d'una classa de proprietaris terrenaus ereditaris cargats de collectar leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impòst">impòsts</a> per la Companhiá. Aquò anava una elèit fòrça fidèla ais interès anglés. Enfin, son tresen trach foguèt l'instauracion de monopòlis britanics sus certanei produccions rendablas que permetèron de finançar l'administracion coloniala e de son armada. Dins lo domeni politic, Índia foguèt devesida entre lei regions d'administracion britanica dirècta e leis estats dei princes plaçats sota <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> que gardèron seis institucions tradicionalas mai que deguèron s'alinhar sus la politica militara e estrangiera de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>.</p> <p>La dominacion britanica permetèt d'instaurar una <i>pax britanica</i> sus la peninsula. Après lei conflictes dau sègle XVIII, aquò foguèt un argument en favor de l'òrdre novèu. Pasmens, leis Indians mau acceptèron d'èstre dirigits per d'estrangiers crestians. De mai, l'esplecha coloniala d'Índia entraïnèt l'aparicion de culturas agricòlas destinadas a l'exportacion que causèron lo declin d'activitats artesanalas ò industrialas localas coma la teissedura de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coton">coton</a>. Dau costat dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a>, existiguèt tanben unei debats entre lei partisans d'una neutralitat a prepaus dei leis e de costumas indianas e lei partisans de reformas umanitàrias. Fin finala, lei reformas demorèron limitadas e la principala foguèt la creacion d'un sistèma d'educacion segondària que son objectiu èra de formar una classa mejana indiana favorabla a la preséncia de la Companhiá.</p> <p>A partir deis annadas 1820, lei Britanics assaièron d'aumentar sei possessions en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a> dau Sud e de'n assegurar la proteccion dei frontieras, especialament còntra l'expansion russa. Dicha « <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_J%C3%B2c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Jòc">Grand Jòc</a> » aquela rivalitat anglorussa entraïnèt divèrsei campanhas militaras per conquistar ò sometre lei regions vesinas. Anavan definir lei limits de la dominacion britanica dins la region. De <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1824?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1824">1824</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1826?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1826">1826</a>, una guèrra còntra lo reiaume birman s'acabèt per la conquista britanica dau sud de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmania">Birmania</a> e son afebliment definitiu fins a sa somission totala en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a>. Dins aquò, aquelei conquistas anavan formar una colonia distinta d'Índia. Puei, a la fin deis annadas 1830, lei fòrças britanicas assaièron de conquistar <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>. Pasmens, après quauquei succès, lo còrs expedicionari mandat sus lo territòri afgan foguèt chaplat en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1841?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1841">1841</a> e leis autoritats britanicas deguèron negociar ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dost_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dost Muhammad (la pagina existís pas)">Dost Muhammad</a>. En cambi d'un sostèn financier, acceptèt d'adoptar una politica estrangiera conforma a aquela de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> èra desenant un estat tampon entre l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri Britanic</a> e l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Empèri Rus</a>. Enfin, entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1839?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1839">1839</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a>, l'estat dei Sikhs foguèt annexat après una crisi de succession que permetèt ai Britanics d'intervenir dins seis afaires intèrnes. Enfin, fins a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1856">1856</a>, la Companhiá aprofichèt la disparicion d'uneis ostaus princiers indians per annexar seis estats, especialament aqueu d'Aoudh.</p> <p>Aquela annexion causèt un maucontentament fòrça important au sen deis unitats de cipais qu'èran de soudats indians au servici de la Companhiá. Foguèt renfòrçat per l'introduccion d'un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fusiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fusiu">fusiu</a> novèu ambé de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartocha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartocha">cartochas</a> lubrificadas per de graissas animalas impuras tant per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmans</a> que per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indós</a>. Maugrat una modificacion dei cartochas, la fisança entre militars indians e britanics declinèt. De mai, lo maucontentament foguèt egalament renfòrçat per l'agitacion de la populacion, especialament de l'aristocràcia anciana que s'estimava menaçada per leis annexions de la Companhiá. Enfin, un nombre gròs de cipaies èran originaris de la region d'Aoudh venguda dirèctament dependenta de l'administracion britanica. En mai de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1857?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1857">1857</a>, aquò entraïnèt la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_dei_Cipaies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revòuta dei Cipaies">Revòuta dei Cipaies</a> que s'acabèt solament en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1859">1859</a>. A l'acomençaça dau conflicte, lei revòutats ocupèron <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> e una partida de la Vau de Ganges. Lei Britanics obtenguèron lo sostèn dei Sikhs e de la màger part dei senhors indians per reprimir l'insureccion e tornar conquistar Delhi en setembre de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1857?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1857">1857</a>. Pasmens, lo centre principau de la revòuta, d'ara situat en Aoudh, foguèt solament vencut dins lo corrent de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1858?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a> e de combats se debanèron fins a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1859">1859</a> dins certaneis endrechs.</p> <p>Marcada per d'atrocitats dins lei dos camps, aquela guèrra entraïnèt la disparicion de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a> e la fin de l'administracion de la peninsula per la Companhiá deis Índias. En vertut de l'<i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=India_Act&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="India Act (la pagina existís pas)">India Act</a></i> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1858?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a>, lo govèrn de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> s'ocupèt d'ara endavant de dirigir espereu lei possessions britanicas d'Índia.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="L'Empèri_deis_Índias"><span id="L.27Emp.C3.A8ri_deis_.C3.8Dndias"></span>L'Empèri deis Índias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Empèri deis Índias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Après la repression de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_dei_Cipaies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revòuta dei Cipaies">Revòuta dei Cipaies</a>, lo govèrn <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> reorganizèt l'administracion de la peninsula e un ministèri especiau ne'n foguèt cargat. Au nivèu politic, un Consèu legislatiu foguèt creat mai aguèt gaire de poder. En revènge, lo ròtle dei foncionaris britanics foguèt renfòrçat. Dins lo domeni militar, lei fòrças armadas presentas dins la region foguèron organizadas entre una armada unicament britanica e una armada unicament indiana e desenant recrutada magerament dins lei regions dau nòrd-èst fidèlas en 1857. Dins lei regions demoradas sota l'autoritat de princes indians, lei Britanics s'ocupèron gaire deis afaires intèrnes. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1877?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1877">1877</a>, la rèina <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vict%C3%B2ria_dau_Reiaume_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victòria dau Reiaume Unit">Victòria</a> foguèt coronada emperatritz deis Índias.</p> <p>Dins la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX, lei fòrças intervenguèron tornarmai dins lei regions frontalieras d'Índia. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1870">1870</a>, Balochistan foguèt partejat ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Pèrsia</a>. Puei, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1878?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1878">1878</a>, una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Angloafgana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segonda Guèrra Angloafgana">guèrra novèla acomencèt</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> per empachar l'installacion d'un rèi favorable ais interès <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">rus</a>. S'acabèt per una victòria britanica que transformèt lo país en protectorat — fòrça autonòm dins la gestion de seis afaires intèrnes — en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1880">1880</a> maugrat una resisténcia afgana acarnada. La <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Linha_Durand&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Linha Durand (la pagina existís pas)">linha Durand</a> foguèt impausada coma frontiera entre l'Índia Britanica e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>.</p> <p>Lòng dei frontieras nòrd e nòrd-èst, lei frontieras s'estabilizèron tanben durant aqueu periòde. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1861?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>, Sikkim venguèt un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> britanic entraïnant una tièra de guèrras entre Reiaume Unit e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> que s'acabèron per la desfacha de Lhassa. Puei, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1886">1886</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmania">Birmania</a> foguèt totalament conquistada. Enfin, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1910">1910</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Botan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Botan">Botan</a> venguèt tanben un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> e en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linha_Mac_Mahon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linha Mac Mahon">linha Mac Mahon</a> foguèt impausada coma frontiera ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> dins la region d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assam">Assam</a>.</p> <p>Pasmens, en parallèl d'aqueu renfòrçament de la preséncia britanica, apareguèron lei premiers movements nacionalistas indians a partir deis annadas 1850. La premiera fònt d'aquela emergéncia foguèt lo sistèma universitari destinat ais Indians. Refusats dins l'administracion auta qu'èra reservada ai Britanics, lei diplomats formèron una elèit intellectuala (jutges, mètges...) qu'anava formar la basa d'un movement revendicant l'adopcion de reformas permetent ais Indians de participar ai decisions regardant la politica dau país ò demandant una reduccion dei despensas militaras e certaneis impòsts (especialament aqueu sus lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sal_(quimia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sal (quimia)">sau</a>). En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a>, formèron lo Congrès Nacionau Indian qu'assaièt de gropar <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmans</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indo%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indoïsme">indós</a>. Dins aquò, tre sa fondacion, lo movement nacionalista indian se devesiguèt segon una linha religiosa, especialament dins lei regions onte lei musulmans èran majoritaris.</p> <p>La segonda fònt foguèt la decision britanica de devesir la region de Bengala entre doas regions distintas en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1904?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1904">1904</a>. Aquò causèt de tensions importantas ambé leis indós de la region que venguèron minoritaris dins lei doas zònas novèlas. Un boicòt dei produchs britanics foguèt organizat e de trèbols aguèron luòc entraïnant una repression britanica violenta. En fàcia d'aqueleis eveniments, de corrents radicaus dau Congrès formèron lo <i>New Party</i> que comencèt de desvolopar d'idèas revolucionàrias. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1907?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1907">1907</a>, aquò causèt la scission dau Congrès entre lei doas tendàncias. De son caire, la comunautat musulmana de Bengala fondèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1906">1906</a> una Liga musulmana per defendre la division administrativa novèla. Ansin, quand en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>, lei Britanics decidiguèron de restaurar l'unitat de Bengala per calmar la situacion, aquela Liga encoratjèt lo maucontentament dei musulmans que revendiquèron un govèrn autonòm (<i>self government</i>) a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1913?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1913">1913</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="526"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 197px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png" data-width="220" data-height="197" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png/330px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png/440px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1939.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Division de la peninsula indiana en 1939. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Quand la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1914?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a>), lei nacionalistas indians tant musulmans qu'indós demorèron fidèus a la corona britanica. En cambi, esperavan obtenir lo contentament dei revendicacions d'autonòmia aparegudas dins leis annadas 1900-1910. Un milion de soudats indians foguèron ansin mobilizats sensa dificultat. Pasmens, lei dificultats militaras e economicas de la guèrra aumentèron tornarmai lo maucontentament de la populacion e, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1919">1919</a>, doas decisions britanicas contradictòrias demeniguèron lo crèdit de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. La premiera foguèt l'adopcion de mesuras favorablas a l'autonòmia politica mai la segonda foguèt la confirmacion dei mesuras de seguritat adoptada dins lo corrent de la guèrra. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a>, un avocat vengut un cap major dau movement nacionalista durant lo conflicte, organizèt una grèva nacionala. Dins la region de Pendjab, la tension aumentèt rapidament — que Pendjab aviá mobilizat un nombre important de soudats durant la guèrra — e l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chaple_d'Amritsar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chaple d'Amritsar (la pagina existís pas)">armada tirèt sus una manifestacion pacifica a Amritsar</a> lo 13 d'abriu (379 mòrts, 1 200 bleçats).</p> <p>En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1920?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a>, lo movement se generalizèt e Gandhi capitèt de convéncre leis indós de jónher un movement de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desobesissen%C3%A7a_civila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desobesissença civila">desobeïssença</a> iniciat per lei movements musulmans (boicòt dei produchs britanics). Son objectiu èra la reconóissança de l'autonòmia indiana. La non-violéncia ne'n foguèt la regla fins a d'accions terroristas en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a> que causèron la fin dau movement. Gandhi foguèt arrestat e estremat per leis autoritats colonialas. Pasmens, maugrat sa revirada, aquela campanha aviá permes lo raliment deis elèits indianas au nacionalisme. Per la seguida, après sa liberacion en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1924">1924</a>, Gandhi reorganizèt lo Congrès que revendiquèt oficialament l'independéncia e preparèt una campanha novèla de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desobesissen%C3%A7a_civila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desobesissença civila">desobeïssença</a>. Dins aquò, dins lo corrent d'aqueu procès, lei tensions ambé lei musulmans aumentèron tornarmai e leis indós refusèron lei revendicacions presentadas per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muhammad_Jinnah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muhammad Jinnah">Muhammad Jinnah</a>. Ansin, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>, lei musulmans participèron plus ais accions iniciadas per Gandhi e lei movements indós.</p> <p>A partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>, après lo començament d'una campanha còntra lo pagament de l'impòst sus lo sau, acomencèt una tièra de conferéncias entre lei movements nacionalistas e lo govèrn de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. Pasmens, mau capitèron en causa dau refús de la formacion de collègis electoraus separadas entre lei comunautats qu'èra la revendicacion centrala dei musulmans. En parallèl, lo Reiaume Unit donèt mai de drechs ais Indians e permetèt entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1919">1919</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1935?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1935">1935</a> la formacion de govèrns locaus elegits — ai poders e ressorsas limitats — e una aumentacion dau còrs electorau. Leis eleccions veguèron la victòria dau Congrès e la desfacha de la Liga Musulmana. Pasmens, lei govèrns elegits foguèron rapidament accusats de corrupcion e de nepotisme. Ansin, Jinnah poguèt denonciar l'egemonia indoïsta sus aqueleis institucions e la marginalizacion dei musulmans. De mai, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>, apareguèt l'idèa de formar dos estats diferents per lei musulmans e leis indós. Aquela idèa, fòrça minoritària dins leis annadas 1930, anava entraïnar lo partiment deis Índias après la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a> (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>).</p> <p>D'efècte, au començament de la guèrra, lei camps diferents assaièron magerament de negociar son sostèn en cambi de concessions britanicas<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. D'un caire, lo Congrès demandèt una promessa d'independéncia e de son caire, la Liga musulmana demandèt d'asseguranças sus l'avenir dei musulmans. A partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a>, aqueleis asseguranças prenguèron pauc a pauc la forma d'una demanda de creacion de dos estats separats dins lo cas d'una independéncia. Lei dificultats britanicas de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1941?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1941">1941</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1942?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1942">1942</a> causèron una repression importanta dau Congrès mentre que la Liga demorèt passiva aumentant la separacion dei doas comunautats que venguèt quasi definitiva ais eleccions de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> quand la Liga averèt la màger part dei sufragis musulmans.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="L'independéncia_e_lo_partiment_de_l'Empèri_deis_Índias"><span id="L.27independ.C3.A9ncia_e_lo_partiment_de_l.27Emp.C3.A8ri_deis_.C3.8Dndias"></span>L'independéncia e lo partiment de l'Empèri deis Índias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'independéncia e lo partiment de l'Empèri deis Índias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png/220px-India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="742"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 189px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png/220px-India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png" data-width="220" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png/330px-India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png/440px-India_-_Partiment_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1947.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Partiment de la peninsula indiana en 1947. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>, lei dificultats economicas britanicas e sa pèrda de poder sus lo continent <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">asiatic</a> après sei desfachas còntra lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japonés</a> convenquèron lo govèrn de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> de laissar son independéncia ais Índias. De <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>, de negociacions entre Britanics, Indós e Musulmans se debanèron per definir lo procès d'independéncia e l'organizacion futur de la peninsula. Mau capitèron en causa dei divergéncias entre Indós e Musulmans : lei premiers èran partisans d'una direccion centrala ai poders importants mentre que lei segonds èran desirós de crear una mena de cogestion dau país entre lei doas comunautats e de drechs importants per lei províncias (ò au mens per lei províncias musulmanas). Enterin, de violéncias mai e mai grèvas leis opausèron dins certanei regions coma Bengala en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1946?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1946">1946</a>. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>, d'autrei afrontaments aguèron luòc dins la region de Pendjab onte lei Sikhs s'opausèron a la presa dau poder per la Liga.</p> <p>Ansin, lei doas comunautats acceptèron finalament l'idèa de fondar dos estats separats e Londres decidèt de fixar la data de l'independéncia au 30 de junh de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1948">1948</a>. Aquò marquèt lo començament de la partença d'unei milions de personas, especialament en Pendjab onte lei Musulmans abandonèron lei regions orientalas e leis Indós e Sikhs lei regions occidentalas. Puei, aquelei movements de refugiats se generalizèron dins la region de Sind, la Vau de Ganges e Bengala. Entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1950">1950</a>, aperaquí quatorze milions de personas migrèron en direccion de l'estat correspondent a sa <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> dins de condicions fòrça malaisats. Pasmens, aquela partiment de la peninsula entre lei doas comunautats anava rapidament entraïnar un conflicte per la definicion dei frontieras novèlas.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png/220px-Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="410"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png/220px-Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png/330px-Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png/440px-Cachemire_-_Situacion_en_1963.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Division de Cachemire après 1963. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La causa ne'n foguèt la chausida deis estats princes (n'aviá aperaquí 500 en 1947) de raliar un estat ò un autre. Dins la màger part dei cas, aquò se debanèt sensa dificultat vertadiera car lei senhors decidiguèron segon de critèris geografics. Pasmens, tres estats venguèron una fònt de tension. La mens importanta èra lo prince de Hyderabad qu'èra desirós de venir independent e que foguèt annexat per fòrça a Índia (13-18 de setembre de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1948">1948</a>). Mai grèu èra lo cas dau prince de Junagadh que se prononcièt per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> avans l'organizacion d'una revòuta que lo reversèt per Índia. Enfin, la situacion pus perilhosa èra aquela de Cachemire region magerament musulmana dirigida per un prince indó que chausiguèt d'integrar <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Índia</a>. Enterin, doas insureccions avián començat, especialament dins lei regions vesinas de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>. Lei revoutats refusèron de jónher Índia e de combats comencèron ambé l'armada indiana. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1948">1948</a>, l'armada paquistanesa venguèt lei sostenir entraïnant la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiera Guèrra Indopaquistanesa">Premiera Guèrra Indopaquistanesa</a> que s'acabèt per lo partiment <i>de facto</i> de Cachemire entre lei dos país que contunian de'n revendicar la totalitat. D'autrei conflictes s'i debanèron en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segonda Guèrra Indopaquistanesa">1965</a>, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tresena Guèrra Indopaquistanesa">1971</a>, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984">1984</a> e en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Kargil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra de Kargil">1999</a> sensa resòuvre la situacion e permetre un acòrd frontalier. Au contrari, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1962?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1962">1962</a>, l'ocupacion de certanei partidas dau Cachemire indian per la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China Populara</a> compliquèt mai la situacion qu'es totjorn a l'ora d'ara una zòna de tension internacionala majora.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="L'Índia_independenta"><span id="L.27.C3.8Dndia_independenta"></span>L'Índia independenta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Índia independenta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_periòde_de_Jawaharlal_Nehru"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_de_Jawaharlal_Nehru"></span>Lo periòde de Jawaharlal Nehru</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde de Jawaharlal Nehru" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Après son independéncia, Índia adoptèt una organizacion federala que son organizacion foguèt l'objècte de divèrsei movements populars desirós una autonòmia fins ais annadas 1960 gràcias a la creacion d'estats pròpris. Après l'assassinat de Gandhi, opausat ai mesuras anti-musulmanas, per un extremista indó en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1948">1948</a>, lo govèrn centrau foguèt dominat per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> fins a sa mòrt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1964?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1964">1964</a>. Adoptèt una politica d'inspiracion laïca, egalitària e socialista que li permetèt de marginalizar leis oposicions dei partits politics indós ò liberaus. Dins lo domeni economic, una planificacion economica moderada permetèt de favorizar lo desvolopament dau potenciau industria dau país.</p> <p>Enfin, dins l'encastre de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>, Nerhu aprofichèt l'importància estrategica d'Índia per establir de bònei relacions ambé l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URSS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Union Sovietica</a> e leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units</a>. Anticolonialista, lo govèrn indian negocièt tanben ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> lo restacament dei cinc comptadors francés que se debanèt de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1949">1949</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1954?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1954">1954</a>. En revènge, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a> refusèt de balhar l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia_Portuguesa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Índia Portuguesa (la pagina existís pas)">Índia Portuguesa</a> entraïnant una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invasion_de_Goa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invasion de Goa">guèrra brèva en 1961</a> que s'acabèt per una annexion aisada d'aquelei territòris. De mai, una autra dificultat diplomatica — pus importanta — apareguèt après la formacion de la China Comunista que capitèt d'unificar China per lo premier còp dempuei lo decès de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yuan_Shikai&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yuan Shikai (la pagina existís pas)">Yuan Shikai</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1916?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>. Òr, lo govèrn chinés novèu refusèt de reconóisser la frontiera sinoindiana traçada per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a> entraïnant de tensions importantas lòng d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imalaia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imalaia">Imalaia</a> e una guèrra en 1962 dins lo nòrd de Cachemire. Aquò entraïnèt un raprochament entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> d'un caire e entre l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URSS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> e Índia d'autre caire.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_periòde_d'Indira_Gandhi"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_d.27Indira_Gandhi"></span>Lo periòde d'Indira Gandhi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde d'Indira Gandhi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png/220px-Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="811"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 260px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png/220px-Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png" data-width="220" data-height="260" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png/330px-Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png/440px-Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa_-_Teatre_orientau.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Invasion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan_Orientau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan Orientau">Paquistan Orientau</a> per l'armada indiana e lei nacionalistas bangladeshis en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1971">1971</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>A la mòrt de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, lo govèrn indian foguèt rapidament dominat per sa filha <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indira_Gandhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, premier ministre de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1966?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1966">1966</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977">1977</a> puei de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980">1980</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984">1984</a>. Adoptèt una politica d'inspiracion socialista ambé mai d'una nacionalizacion que causèt una scission au sen dau Congrès Nacionau Indian a la fin deis annadas 1970 entre leis alas senèstra e drecha. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1971">1971</a>, Indira Gandhi averèt leis eleccions a la tèsta de l'ala senèstra. Puei, totjorn aquela annada, sostenguèt lei nacionalistas bangladeshis dins sa lucha independentista còntra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>. Aquò entraïnèt la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tresena_Gu%C3%A8rra_Indopaquistanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tresena Guèrra Indopaquistanesa">Tresena Guèrra Indopaquistanesa</a> que s'acabèt per una desfacha de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> e per l'independéncia de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a> après l'invasion rapida de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan_Orientau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan Orientau">Paquistan Orientau</a> per l'armada indiana (3 - 16 de decembre de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1971">1971</a>).</p> <p>Pasmens, a partir de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975">1975</a>, una crisi economica comencèt de demenir lo prestigi dau govèrn e causèt d'agitacions au sen dau país. Una coalicion politica fòrça importanta — dei maoïstas ai conservadors — se formèt per demandar la demission d'Indira Gandhi. Aquela darriera refusèt, arrestèt lei caps principaus de l'oposicion, proclamèt l'estat d'urgéncia e adoptèt una tièra de reformas en favor dei classas popularas e mejanas. Lei resultats foguèron inicialament favorables mai la crisi tornèt rapidament e, en genier, Gandhi deguèt restaurar leis institucions democraticas puei organizar d'eleccions averats per son ancian rivau au sen dau Congrès <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Morarji Desai (la pagina existís pas)">Morarji Desai</a> que venguèt cap dau govèrn de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977">1977</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980">1980</a>. Pasmens, sa politica mau capitèt de resòuvre la crisi economica e leis eleccions de 1980 s'acabèron per una victòria novèla d'Indira Gandhi. Deguèt faciar de movements populars dins lo nòrd-èst dau país, especialament dins la region de Pendjab. Lei 3 e 6 de junh de 1984, un assaut còntra lo Temple d'Aur d'Arimtsa ocupat per d'insurgents separatistas sikhs causèt de centenaus de mòrts. Lo chaple aguèt de repercussions prefondas dins la societat indiana e causèt l'assassinat d'Indira Gandhi lo 31 d'octòbre de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984">1984</a> per dos de sei gardacòrs sikhs.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="La_fin_de_la_dominacion_politica_dau_Congrès_e_la_liberalizacion_economica"><span id="La_fin_de_la_dominacion_politica_dau_Congr.C3.A8s_e_la_liberalizacion_economica"></span>La fin de la dominacion politica dau Congrès e la liberalizacion economica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La fin de la dominacion politica dau Congrès e la liberalizacion economica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Après la mòrt d'Indira Gandhi, son fiu <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> li succediguèt coma cap dau govèrn fins a sa demission en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1989">1989</a>. Vengut rapidament impopular perdiguèt leis eleccions electivas de 1989 que foguèron averadas per l'oposicion menada per lei nacionalistas indós dau BJP. Foguèt per la seguida assassinat en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a> per lei Tigres Tamols après l'intervencion de l'armada indiana dins la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_de_Sri_Lanka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra Civila de Sri Lanka">Guèrra Civila de Sri Lanka</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1987?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1987">1987</a> a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a>. Son periòde marquèt lo començament de la liberalizacion economica d'Índia que foguèt contuniada per lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP). Aqueu partit dominèt la politica indiana fins a sa desfacha electorala de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004">2004</a> que veguèt lo retorn dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_Nacional_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congrès Nacional Indian">Congrès</a> au poder. Dempuei leis annadas 1990, lo país conois una creissença economica importanta e es vengut una poissança economica important au nivèu mondiau.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala"><span id="Organizacions_politica_e_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacions politica e territòriala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacions politica e territòriala" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Organizacion_generala">Organizacion generala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion generala" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:NorthBlock.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/NorthBlock.jpg/220px-NorthBlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="413"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/NorthBlock.jpg/220px-NorthBlock.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/NorthBlock.jpg/330px-NorthBlock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/NorthBlock.jpg/440px-NorthBlock.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Lo <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_Building&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Secretariat Building (la pagina existís pas)">Secretariat Building</a></i>, a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, sèti dels burèus del govèrn. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'organizacion politica d'Índia es definida per la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitucion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> adoptada en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1949">1949</a>-<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1950">1950</a>. Lo país es una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica">republica</a> parlamentària federala amb una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Separacion_dels_poders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Separacion dels poders">separacion dei poders</a> entre lei brancas executiva, legislativa e judiciària. Son sistèma es fòrça inspirat per lo modèl britanic que foguèt a l'origina dei premiereis institucions indianas après la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a>. En causa de la natura federala de l'estat indian, lei poders executiu e legislativa son despartits entre lo govèrn centrau e leis autoritats localas que gardan son autonòmia sus certanei questions. En revènge, lo poder judiciari es pus centralizat e dirigit a la fin finala per d'institucions centralas.</p> <p>Segon la Constitucion, lo president d'Índia es lo cap formau dei tres poders e dei fòrças armadas. Pasmens, son ròtle es subretot onorific car lo president pòu pas utilizar sei poders sensa l'acòrd dau cap dau govèrn. Aquò permet d'assegurar la separacion dau poder e lo foncionament d'institucions democraticas. Lo president es elegit per un mandat de cinc annadas per un collègi electorau especiau gropant lei membres dau poder legislatiu e de representents deis estats e dei territòris de l'Union. Existís tanben un vicepresident cargat de remplaçar lo president en cas de necessitat.</p> <p>La vida politica es regida per un sistèma multipartit format de sièis partits nacionaus e de mai de 40 partits regionaus principaus. ei dos pus importants son lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_Nacional_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congrès Nacional Indian">Congrès Nacionau Indian</a> (INC) e lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Partit Bhartiya Janata</a> (BJP) que dominan lo govèrn centrau dempuei l'independéncia. Lo premier es generalament considerat coma un partit sociaudemocrata laïc favorable ai castas bassas e intermediaris. Lo segond es puslèu considerat coma un partit conservador religiós favorable ai castas autas. Dos elements, lo nacionalisme indian e lo liberalisme economic, son comuns a la màger part dei partits pus importants dempuei l'independéncia per lo premier e leis annadas 1990 per lo segond.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Poder_legislatiu">Poder legislatiu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Poder legislatiu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo poder legislatiu es lo poder principau deis institucions indianas. Es tengut per lo Parlament d'Índia qu'es devesit entre una chambra auta e una chambra bassa. La premiera es lo Conseu deis Estats (<i>Rajya Sabha</i>) que tèn 233 elegits au sufragi indirèct per un mandat de sièis ans e 12 membres nomats dirèctament per lo President. La segonda es dicha Conseu dau Pòble (<i>Lok Sabha</i>) e es compausada de 543 elegits au sufragi universau per un mandat de cinc ans e de 2 membres dirèctament nomats per lo President. Au contrari dau Conseu deis Estats, lo Conseu deis Estats pòu èstre dissòut per lo President.</p> <p>Lei doas chambras an un poder identic franc dei questions financieras que son finalament copadas per lo Conseu dau Pòble. Dins lo cas d'un desacòrd dins un autre domeni, s'organiza una reünion dei doas chambras per trobar una solucion.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Poder_executiu">Poder executiu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Poder executiu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo poder executiu es tengut per lo Conseu dei Ministres. Es dirigit per lo Premier Ministre d'Índia qu'es nomat per lo President e es generalament eissit dau partit majoritari au Conseu dau Pòble. Leis autrei ministres son tanben designats per lo President après proposicion dau Premier Ministre. La chausida dei ministres se fa entre lei membres dau Parlament.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Poder_judiciari">Poder judiciari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Poder judiciari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo poder judiciari es dirigit per la Cort Suprèma d'Índia qu'es compausat d'un jutge en cap e de 25 jutges deignats per lo President. Après una lucha lònga dins leis annadas 1950-1970, aquela Cort es venguda independenta e a lo poder de verificar la conformitat constitucionala dei leis adoptadas per lo Parlament, compres lei reformas constitucionalas. Es tanben venguda l'arbitre dei relacions entre lo govèrn centrau e leis estats. Enfin, es la darriera juridiccion dau sistèma judiciari indian après lei Corts Autas deis Estats.</p> <p>Au sen deis estats, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Just%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justícia">justícia</a> es dirigida per una Cort Auta que fonciona coma una cort d'apèu e una premiera instància per jutjar leis afaires pus grèvas coma lei violacions dei drechs fondamentaus dei ciutadans. Lo nivèu inferior es tengut per lei tribunaus de districte que son cargats deis afaires criminaus pus grèvas. Puei, se troba de tribunaus civius de juridiccion plena que s'ocupan deis afaires criminaus levat dei cas de murtre. Enfin, au nivèu pus locau de la justícia indiana, se situa de tribunaus separats per leis afaires criminaus e civius.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Simbòls_nacionaus"><span id="Simb.C3.B2ls_nacionaus"></span>Simbòls nacionaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Simbòls nacionaus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo drapèu d'Índia foguèt adoptat lo 22 de julhet de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>. Es inspirat per lo drapèu dau Congrès Nacionau Indian. Es format de tres bendas orizontalas de largor egala : safran que representa lo coratge per la benda superiora, blanca que representa la veritat e la patz per la centrala e vèrda que representa la fe e la cortesiá per l'inferiora. Au centre, se troba, una ròda blava dicha Chakra d'Ashoka.</p> <p>L'emblèma es inspirat d'un capitèu antic dau rèine d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashoka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> situat a Sarnath. Foguèt adoptat lo 26 de genier de 1950. La devisa dau país es <i>« Satyameva jayate »</i> que significa en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occitan">occitan</a> <i>« Solament la vertat trionfa »</i>. Enfin, l'imne nacionau es dich <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jana_Gana_Mana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jana Gana Mana (la pagina existís pas)">Jana Gana Mana</a> que foguèt adoptat lo 24 de genier de 1950 a partir d'un cant escrich en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a> per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapèu d'Índia."> <noscript> <img alt="Drapèu d'Índia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="Drapèu d'Índia." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/180px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/240px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Drapèu d'Índia. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Emblem_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblèma d'Índia."> <noscript> <img alt="Emblèma d'Índia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/75px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/75px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="Emblèma d'Índia." data-width="75" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/113px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/150px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Emblèma d'Índia. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:AshokaLions.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lo capitèu de Sarnath en 1911."> <noscript> <img alt="Lo capitèu de Sarnath en 1911." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AshokaLions.jpg/89px-AshokaLions.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1232"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 89px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AshokaLions.jpg/89px-AshokaLions.jpg" data-alt="Lo capitèu de Sarnath en 1911." data-width="89" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AshokaLions.jpg/134px-AshokaLions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/AshokaLions.jpg/179px-AshokaLions.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Lo capitèu de Sarnath en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>. </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Organizacion_territòriala"><span id="Organizacion_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacion territòriala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion territòriala" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es constituida de 28 estats e 8 territòris de l'Union<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_PROFILE_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LOC_PROFILE-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Totei leis estats, e lei dos territòris de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pondicherry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a> e lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territ%C3%B2ri_Nacional_de_la_Capitala_Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Territòri Nacional de la Capitala Delhi">Territòri Nacional de la Capitala Delhi</a>, an elegits de legislaturas e de govèrns sus lo modèl <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> de Westminster dotats d'una autonòmia importanta per de questions coma la seguritat, la santat publica, la cultura, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> ò la gestion de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aiga">aiga</a>. Dins certanei cas coma de trèbols important ò l'impossibilitat de formar un govèrn après una eleccion, lo govèrn federau pòu suspendre lo poder de l'autoritat locala. La direccion dei cinc autrei territòris de l'Union es centralizada ambé d'administradors designats. En 1956, gràcias au <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=States_Reorganisation_Act&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="States Reorganisation Act (la pagina existís pas)">States Reorganisation Act</a></i>, leis estats foguèron formats sus de basas lingüisticas<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dempuei, aquela estructura es demorada largament incambiada. Cada estat ò territòri de l'Union es devesit en <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Districtes_d'%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Districtes d'Índia (la pagina existís pas)">districtes</a></i> administratius<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lei districtes son a son torn devesits en <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tehsil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tehsil (la pagina existís pas)">tehsils</a></i> e eventualament en vilatges. Lo 29en estat, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telangana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, es a se crear en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India-states-numbered.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Map of India showing its states and territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/220px-India-states-numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 258px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/220px-India-states-numbered.svg.png" data-alt="Map of India showing its states and territories" data-width="220" data-height="258" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/330px-India-states-numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/440px-India-states-numbered.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Los estats e territòris de l'Union </figcaption> </figure> <p><b>Estats:</b></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <ol> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bihar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chhattisgarh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gujarat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> </ol></td> <td> <ol start="8"> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haryana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jharkhand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karnataka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> </ol></td> <td> <ol start="14"> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maharashtra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manipur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meghalaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mizoram?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagaland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odisha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panjab_(%C3%8Dndia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panjab (Índia)">Panjab</a></li> </ol></td> <td> <ol start="21"> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rajasthan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sikkim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamil_Nadu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telangana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tripura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uttarakhand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengala_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bengala Occidental">Bengala Occidental</a></li> </ol></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Territòris de l'Union:</b></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <ol type="A"> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illas_Andaman_e_Nicobar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illas Andaman e Nicobar">Illas Andaman e Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chandigarh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dadra_e_Nagar_Haveli_e_Daman_e_Diu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dadra e Nagar Haveli e Daman e Diu">Dadra e Nagar Haveli e Daman e Diu</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jammu_e_Cashmir_(territ%C3%B2ri_de_l%27Union)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jammu e Cashmir (territòri de l'Union)">Jammu e Cashmir</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ladakh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lakshadweep?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (Territòri de la Capitala Nacionala)</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pondicherry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> </ol></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa">Afaires estrangiers e defensa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Afaires estrangiers e defensa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Afaires_estrangiers">Afaires estrangiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Afaires estrangiers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es reconguda a l'ora coma una poissança asiatica majora e una poissança mondiala emergenta. Fa partida de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ONU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a>, dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movement_dei_Non_Alinhats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movement dei Non Alinhats">Movement dei Non Alinhats</a> e revendica un sèti de membre permanent au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselh_de_Securitat_de_las_Nacions_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conselh de Securitat de las Nacions Unidas">Conseu de Seguritat de l'ONU</a> (coma <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a>). Dempuei la liberalizacion de son economia dins leis annadas 1990, lo govèrn indian assaia tanben de desvolopar sei relacions ambé d'organizacions coma l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a> (UE) e l'Associacion dei Nacions dau Sud-Èst Asiatic (ASEAN). De liames son tanben en cors de formacion ambé leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units d'America</a>, especialament dempuei leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Atempats_dau_11_de_setembre_de_2001&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atempats dau 11 de setembre de 2001 (la pagina existís pas)">atempats de 2001</a>.</p> <p>Dins aquò, leis afaires estrangiers indians son totjorn marcats per de conflictes frontaliers ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a>. Lo pus important es aqueu de Cachemire ambé <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> que sa possession es revendicat per lei dos estats. A ja entraïnat quatre conflictes majors entre Índia e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a> e tanben divèrseis insureccions localas còntra l'armada indiana. Maugrat de negociacions regularas, lei dos estats son totjorn enemics e gardan de fòrças importantas lòng de sa frontiera comuna.</p> <p>La question frontaliera ambé China es tanben un problema regular que causèt una guèrra en 1962 e d'escaramochas frontalieras en 1967 e en 1987. Pasmens, dempuei leis annadas 1990, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pequin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pequin">Pequin</a> an començat de reglar lei questions pus simplas laissant lei ponchs pus malaisats per de negociacions ulterioras. Ansin, s'un reglament definitiu sembla encara gaire probable, la tension a fòrça demenit entre lei dos estats. Enfin, lo darrier conflicte frontalier opausa Índia a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a> a prepaus dau traçat fòrça complèx dau limit entre lei dos país (176 enclavas). D'escaramochas se debanèron en 2001 entraïnant la dubertura de negociacions per reglar aquela question.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fòrças_armadas"><span id="F.C3.B2r.C3.A7as_armadas"></span>Fòrças armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Fòrças armadas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es un estat possessor de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arma_nucleara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arma nucleara">arma nucleara</a> e fa partida dei poissanças militaras mondialas pus importantas. D'efèct, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a>, sei fòrças regularas alinhavan 1 325 000 militars (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau) amb un budget de 46,1 miliards de dolars (8<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau). Son organizadas en tres brancas principalas que una fòrça terrèstra, una fòrça aeriana e una fòrça navala. Existís de fòrças paramilitaras (certaneis unitats especialas de doana, milícias localas cargadas de luchar còntra una guerilha...) fòrça importantas de mai d'un milion d'òmes. Enfin, lo país a una tradicion militara lònga e son armada conoguèt un nombre important de conflictes majors dempuei l'independéncia dau país especialament còntra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> e de guerilhas intèrnas.</p> <p>L'arma nucleara indiana foguèt desvolopada dins leis annadas 1960-1970 après la desfacha de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1962?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1962">1962</a> còntra China. Lo premier assai capitat aguèt luòc en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974">1974</a> mai un arsenau permanent foguèt creat solament a partir de la fin deis annadas 1990. Son nombre d'ogivas es estimat entre 80 e 100. A l'ora d'ara, lei vectors principaus son de missils mai divèrseis avions indians son capables de menar una ataca nucleara. Se desvolopa tanben de sosmarins equipats de missils nuclears.</p> <p>Lei fòrças terrèstras gropavan 1 129 000 militars qu'èran organizats au sen d'unitats importantas (37 divisions e 37 bregadas independentas). Seis equipaments principaus se compausavan de 1 200 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carri_de_combat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carri de combat">carris de combat</a>, de mai de 3 600 veïculs blindats e de mai de 2 500 sistèmas d'artilhariá. Èran en cors de modernizacion (adopcion en cors dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T-90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T-90">T-90</a> rus) ambé l'introduccion progressiva d'armaments de darriera generacion. Pasmens, la màger part èra encara de segonda generacion. Enfin, l'armada indiana dispausava tanben d'uneis equipaments ancians gardats en resèrva (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T-55?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T-55">T-55</a>...).</p> <p>Lei fòrças aerianas gropavan 127 000 militars qu'èran tanben organizats au sen d'unitats importantas (47 escadras). Èran equipats de 1 370 avions que son eissits de diferentei generacions (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi_Su-30&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sukhoi Su-30 (la pagina existís pas)">Sukhoi Su-30MKI</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mig-29?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mig-29">Mig-29</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mig-21?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mig-21">Mig-21</a>...). D'assais e de negociacions son en cors a l'ora d'ara per comprar d'avions pus modèrnes (probablament de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dassault_Rafale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dassault Rafale (la pagina existís pas)">Dassault Rafale</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">francés</a>).</p> <p>Enfin, lei fòrças navalas gropavan 58 000 militars e alinhavan 86 naviris de superficia (en particular, 1 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B2rta-avions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pòrta-avions">pòrta-avions</a>, 1 naviri de transpòrt amfibí, 8 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Destroi%C3%A8r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Destroièr">destroièrs</a>, 15 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fregata_(naviri)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fregata (naviri)">fregatas</a> e 24 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corveta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corveta">corvetas</a>), 14 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sosmarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sosmarin">sosmarins</a> d'ataca (1 de propulsion nuclear, 13 de propulsion convencionala) e divèrsei naviris de sostèn. Uneis unitats importantas son en cors de produccion coma de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B2rta-avions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pòrta-avions">pòrta-avions</a>. Pasmens, maugrat lo desvolopament de naviris locaus, la màger part deis unitats principalas de la flòta indiana son de naviris de la fin de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a> comprats ò arrendats.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conflictes_en_cors">Conflictes en cors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Conflictes en cors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es lo teatre de tres conflictes intèrnes ancians dins lei regions de Cachemire, d'Assam e dins l'èst de la peninsula. Lo premier es l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Insureccion_de_Cachemire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Insureccion de Cachemire (la pagina existís pas)">insureccion de Cachemire</a> que comencèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1989">1989</a>. Opausa de grops islamistas, sovent sostenguts per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>, ai fòrças indianas. Son intensitat despend dau sostèn paquistanés e de l'evolucion deis autrei frònts implicants lei movements islamistas dins la region (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>, nòrd de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquistan">Paquistan</a>...). Pasmens, dempuei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a>, la baissa de l'ajuda paquistanesa a entraïnat la dubertura de negociacions ambé lei grops pus moderats e, maugrat quauquei subersauts de violéncia, aqueu conflicte es en cors de reglament.</p> <p>Lo segond comencèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1964?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1964">1964</a> dins la region isolada d'Assam. Opausèt e opausa totjorn dins certanei regions de grops separatistas variats (en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2002">2002</a>, existiá 16 guerilhas de remarca dins la region) que sei revendicacions van de la formacion d'un estat sobeiran d'Assam au renfòrçament d'autonòmias localas. De liames complèxs se son estats formats entre lei movements pus importants dins lo corrent dei combats. Lei combats son episodics e l'intensitat dau conflicte es considerada coma bassa ambé 5 300 tuats entre 2005 e 2013 (3 000 insurgents, 2 000 civius, 300 soudats e policiers indians). Pasmens, de cas regulars de violacion dei drechs de l'òme son una fònt de contuniacion de la guèrra.</p> <p>Enfin, lo tresen conflicte es lo pus actiu a l'ora d'ara. Acomencèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1967">1967</a> e opausa la rebellion maoïsta naxalita au govèrn centrau. Lei zònas d'activitat principalas de la guerilha son l'èst de la peninsula indiana, especialament a l'entorn dei vilas de Hyderabad e de Calcuta. Militarament, es tanben lo pus equilibrat car la guerilha a demostrat mai d'un còp d'organizar d'emboscadas ò d'attemptats saunós còntra l'armada ò lo govèrn. Per exemple, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a>, 76 policiers foguèron tuats per sospressa a Dantewada ò en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a>, 24 caps dau Congrès Nacionau Indian, compres un ancian ministre, foguèron tanben tuats dins la Vau de Darbha. L'armada, la polícia e de milícias paramilitaras son cargadas de la repression de l'insureccion e un esfòrç important es en cors dempuei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a>. Pasmens, la pauretat persistenta dei regions tocadas per la guèrra representa un aliat important de la guerilha. De mai, coma en Assam, dins certaneis endrechs, d'atrocitats comesas per lei fòrças centralas renfòrçan lo sostèn a la rebellion.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p><i>De veire: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia d'Índia">Economia d'Índia</a>.</i><br> Índia ten la 4<sup>ena</sup> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia">economia</a> del mond per òrdre d'importància.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_d%27%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia d'Índia">economia d'Índia</a> èra en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2007">2007</a> la 12<sup>a</sup> economia mondiala amb un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PIB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> de 1 171 miliards de dolars. Pasmens, en foncion dau PIB de paritat de poder de crompar, ocupava lo 4<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau. Aquò representava respectivament de PIB per abitant de 950 $/ab e de 2 740 $/ab. Lo revengut nacionau es donc fòrça feble e Índia demora marcada per una pauretat (33% de la populacion èra en dessota dau lindau de pauretat segon la definicion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banca_Mondiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banca Mondiala">Banca Mondiala</a>) e d'inegalitats importantas. L'autra caracteristica d'aquela economia es sa creissença auta dempuei leis annadas 1990 (per exemple 9% entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a> que permet au país de faire partida dei poissanças economicas emergentas.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sector_primar">Sector primar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Sector primar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png/220px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="792"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 258px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png/220px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png" data-width="220" data-height="258" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png/330px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png/440px-%C3%8Dndia_-_Industria_e_ressorsas_naturalas_principalas.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Industria e ressorsas naturalas principalas d'Índia. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> indiana representava en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a> 17,4% dau PIB e ocupava 53% de la man d'òbra. Es organizada segon un modèl de tenements fòrça pichons d'una superficia mejana mesurada a 1,55 ectaras en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1995">1995</a>. Permet d'assegurar la demanda alimentara de basa dau país. Lei culturas principalas son de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ris">ris</a> (2<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blat">blat</a> (2<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau) e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milh">milh</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau). Pasmens, se fau tanben notar l'existéncia de produccions importantas de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bovinae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bovinae">bovins</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lach">lach</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de nòse de cajo (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de nòse de cocò (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tè">tè</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banana">bananas</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gengibre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gengibre">gengibre</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pebre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pebre">pebre negre</a> (1<sup>èr</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cana_de_sucre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cana de sucre">canas de sucre</a> (2<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cauch%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cauchó">cauchó naturau</a> (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coton">coton</a> (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), d'ovins (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabac">tabac</a> (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de sorgò (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solanum tuberosum">trufa</a> (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%B2ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sòja">sòja</a> (5<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin">liòsa</a> (5<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de gròs blat (6<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau) e de divèrseis espècias.</p> <p>Leis exportacions agricòlas principalas dau país son de cerealas, de tè, de fruchs e d'èrbas. Son magerament destinats ais <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units d'America</a>, ai país d'Orient Mejan e a de país asiatics (especialament <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a>). Leis importacions principalas regardan d'òlis alimentaras que vènon principalament d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indonesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> e d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. Lei nòses de cajo son un cas especiau car de quantitats importantas son importadas puei tornadas exportar après descloscatge.</p> <p>Índiatèn de ressorsas minieras importantas que permetián en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a> la produccion de 79 <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> diferents, en particular de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A8rre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> (4<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manganès">manganès</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mica">mica</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baucita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baucita">baucita</a> (4<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carbon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carbon">carbon</a> (3<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coire">coire</a>, de cròmita, d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amiant&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Amiant (la pagina existís pas)">amiant</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fluorita&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fluorita (la pagina existís pas)">fluorita</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gip">gip</a>, d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%92cra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Òcra">òcra</a>, de fosforita e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silici">silici</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sector_segondari">Sector segondari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Sector segondari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a>, lo sector industriau indian representava 26,1% dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PIB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> e emplegava 19% de la populacion activa. Dempuei la liberalizacion economica acomençada dempuei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991">1991</a>, lo sector a conegut une creissença importanta gràcias ai salaris febles de sa man d'òbra e a son nivèu relativament aut de formacion. Pasmens, dèu tanben faciar la concuréncia d'autrei país presentant d'avantatges similars, especialament aquela de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> qu'es la premiera poissança industriala mondiala. En 2012, sei domenis d'activitat principaus èran l'industria tèxtila, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quimia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quimia">quimia</a> pesuca, l'industria agròalimentara, la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siderurgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siderurgia">siderurgia</a>, la produccion d'equipaments de transpòrt (magerament automobil), lo rafinatge d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idrocarbur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarburs</a>, la produccion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maquina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maquina">maquinas</a>, l'industria informatica e la produccion de medicaments.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sector_terciari">Sector terciari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Sector terciari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>, lo sector terciari representava 56,5% dau PIB e 28% deis emplechs de l'economia indiana. Conois una creisseça fòrça importanta dempuei leis annadas 1990 (7% en 2008 per exemple). Es dominat per lo sector marchand e per lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torisme">torisme</a> que representavan respectivament 15% e 6,3% dau PIB indian. Lei servicis informatics èran tanben un sector important (aperaquí 1% deis emplechs mai una creissença importanta e regulara).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=47&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>L'art aguèt una plaça majora dins l'Istòria indiana e la dubertura de la peninsula ai cambis ambé lei regions vesinas permetèt lo desvolopament de formas variadas segon leis epòcas gràcias a l'adopcion d'elements grècs, iranians, romans, islamics... Leis òbras indianas avián sovent de preocupacions religiosas dirèctas (temples) ò indirèctas (respèct de prescripcions religiosas dins sa realizacion). D'efèct, mai d'un tèxte religiós indian ancian tracta de l'art e li donèt un quadre teoric basat sus lo respèct de l'òrdre e de l'armonia establida per lo ò lei dieus. Aquò aguèt per consequéncia de limitar la personalisacion deis òbras mai permetèt l'emergéncia d'uneis escòlas artisticas, de còps fòrça individualizadas, dins l'encastre de la diversitat religiosa de la peninsula.</p> <p>Divèrsei periòdes artistics se pòdon definir per l'Índia anciana. Lei principaus son lo periòde classic (sègles III-IX), lo periòde medievau (sègles VIII-XVI), lo periòde islamic (sègles XIV-XVII segon lei regions) e lo periòde mogòl (sègles XVI-XVIII). Pasmens, se pòu tanben definir de periòdes pus ancians, en particular dins lo corrent dei sègles d'emergéncia de l'art classic (sègle III avC - sègle III), ò de distincions au sen d'un periòde segon de critèris cronologics ò geografics.</p> <p>Dempuei lo sègle XIX e l'emergéncia dau sentiment nacionalista indian, Índia acomencèt de participar ai cambis culturaus internacionaus e adoptèt en particular l'art dau cinèma que prenguèt una plaça importanta au sen de la produccion artistica dau país.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Arquitectura">Arquitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=48&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Arquitectura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'arquitectura fa partida deis arts indians pus ancians e conoguèt donc diferentei formas dins lo corrent de son existéncia. Se formèt a partir de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_de_la_Vau_d%27Indus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus">civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus</a> que desvolopèt d'esquèmas rigorós d'organizacion dei centres urbans. A partir dei periòdes Maurya e Gupta, i foguèt apondut de preocupacions religiosas e comencèt la bastida de complèxs religiós bodistas importants (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Sanchi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Sanchi (la pagina existís pas)">temple de Sanchi</a>). Puei, apareguèt a partir dau sègle X, d'ensems religiós indós (temples de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Chennakesava&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Chennakesava (la pagina existís pas)">Chennakesava</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Hoysaleswara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Hoysaleswara (la pagina existís pas)">Hoysaleswara</a> ò de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Kesava&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Kesava (la pagina existís pas)">Kesava</a>). Après l'arribada dei musulmans, s'adoptèt de formas novèlas inspiradas per l'art islamic. Leis òbras pus famós d'aquel estil son aquelei dau periòde mogòl coma lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taj_Mahal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> ò lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Palais_Umaid_Bhawan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Palais Umaid Bhawan (la pagina existís pas)">Palais Umaid Bhawan</a>. Après l'instauracion de la colonizacion britanica, de formas europèas foguèron tanben introduchas au sègle XIX dins l'arquitectura indiana (gara <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (la pagina existís pas)">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a>). Enfin, dempuei lo sègle XX, l'arquitectura adoptèt d'estils novèus fòrça inspirats per lei constrenchas d'amenatjament urban dins de zònas fòrça pobladas (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Lotus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Lotus (la pagina existís pas)">Temple de Lotus</a>, quartier d'afaire de Nariman).</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ellora_Caves,_India,_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Cròtas d'Ellora (sègles V-X)."> <noscript> <img alt="Cròtas d'Ellora (sègles V-X)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg/120px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg/120px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg" data-alt="Cròtas d'Ellora (sègles V-X)." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg/180px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg/240px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_meeting_inside_ancient_Buddhist_cave_temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%B2tas_d'Ellora&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cròtas d'Ellora (la pagina existís pas)">Cròtas d'Ellora</a> (sègles V-X). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate,_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Temple de Sanchi (sègle III avC - sègle XII)."> <noscript> <img alt="Temple de Sanchi (sègle III avC - sègle XII)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/120px-Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1179"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 88px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/120px-Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg" data-alt="Temple de Sanchi (sègle III avC - sègle XII)." data-width="120" data-height="88" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/180px-Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg/240px-Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate%2C_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Sanchi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Sanchi (la pagina existís pas)">Temple de Sanchi</a> (sègle III avC - sègle XII). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Temple de Hoysaleshvara (sègle XII)."> <noscript> <img alt="Temple de Hoysaleshvara (sègle XII)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg/120px-Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1156"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg/120px-Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg" data-alt="Temple de Hoysaleshvara (sègle XII)." data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg/180px-Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg/240px-Hoysaleshvara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Hoysaleshvara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Hoysaleshvara (la pagina existís pas)">Temple de Hoysaleshvara</a> (sègle XII). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Taj Mahal (sègle XVII)."> <noscript> <img alt="Taj Mahal (sègle XVII)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg/120px-Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4014" data-file-height="2309"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 69px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg/120px-Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg" data-alt="Taj Mahal (sègle XVII)." data-width="120" data-height="69" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg/180px-Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg/240px-Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taj_Mahal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> (sègle XVII). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_(Victoria_Terminus).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Gara Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (fin dau sègle XIX)"> <noscript> <img alt="Gara Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (fin dau sègle XIX)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg/120px-Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4045" data-file-height="2360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 70px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg/120px-Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg" data-alt="Gara Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (fin dau sègle XIX)" data-width="120" data-height="70" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg/180px-Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg/240px-Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Gara <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (la pagina existís pas)">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a> (fin dau sègle XIX) </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:LotusDelhi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Temple de Lotus (fin dau sègle XX)."> <noscript> <img alt="Temple de Lotus (fin dau sègle XX)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/120px-LotusDelhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="626"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 74px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/120px-LotusDelhi.jpg" data-alt="Temple de Lotus (fin dau sègle XX)." data-width="120" data-height="74" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/180px-LotusDelhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/240px-LotusDelhi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Temple_de_Lotus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Temple de Lotus (la pagina existís pas)">Temple de Lotus</a> (fin dau sègle XX). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Marine_Drive.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bastiments modèrnes dau quartier de Nariman (fin dau sègle XX)."> <noscript> <img alt="Bastiments modèrnes dau quartier de Nariman (fin dau sègle XX)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Marine_Drive.JPG/120px-Marine_Drive.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Marine_Drive.JPG/120px-Marine_Drive.JPG" data-alt="Bastiments modèrnes dau quartier de Nariman (fin dau sègle XX)." data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Marine_Drive.JPG/180px-Marine_Drive.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Marine_Drive.JPG/240px-Marine_Drive.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Bastiments modèrnes dau quartier de Nariman (fin dau sègle XX). </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Esculptura">Esculptura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=49&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Esculptura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'esculputura aguèt una importància gròssa durant lei periòdes antic e classics de l'art indian tre la civilizacion d'Indus. L'influéncia grèga i foguèt majora a partir dau sègle III avC. Divèrsei matèrias foguèron utilizadas segon lei regions (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argiela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Argiela">argiela</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estuc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estuc (la pagina existís pas)">estuc</a>... etc.). Entre lei sègles IV e VI, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Gupta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Gupta">Empèri Gupta</a> desvolopèt una escultura fòrça delicata que venguèt la fònt d'ornaments au sen de l'arquitectura bodista ò indó dau periòde classic. Per la seguida, l'art estatuari indian contunièt d'utilizar de formas delicatas, especialament dins lei regions sud.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculptura de bronze de la civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus (milleni III avC)."> <noscript> <img alt="Esculptura de bronze de la civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus (milleni III avC)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg/66px-Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="2530"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 66px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg/66px-Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg" data-alt="Esculptura de bronze de la civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus (milleni III avC)." data-width="66" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg/100px-Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg/133px-Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Esculptura de bronze de la civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus (milleni III avC). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Asokanpillar-crop.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pielon d'Ashoka (sègle III avC)."> <noscript> <img alt="Pielon d'Ashoka (sègle III avC)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Asokanpillar-crop.jpg/90px-Asokanpillar-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1317"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Asokanpillar-crop.jpg/90px-Asokanpillar-crop.jpg" data-alt="Pielon d'Ashoka (sègle III avC)." data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Asokanpillar-crop.jpg/134px-Asokanpillar-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Asokanpillar-crop.jpg/179px-Asokanpillar-crop.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pielon d'Ashoka (sègle III avC). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculptura dau periòde Gupta (sègle V)."> <noscript> <img alt="Esculptura dau periòde Gupta (sègle V)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg/92px-Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="1138"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg/92px-Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg" data-alt="Esculptura dau periòde Gupta (sègle V)." data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg/137px-Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg/183px-Krishna_Killing_the_Horse_Demon_Keshi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Esculptura dau periòde Gupta (sègle V). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ellora_cave16_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculptura dins lo complèx dei Cròtas d'Ellora (sègles V-X)."> <noscript> <img alt="Esculptura dins lo complèx dei Cròtas d'Ellora (sègles V-X)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ellora_cave16_001.jpg/120px-Ellora_cave16_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ellora_cave16_001.jpg/120px-Ellora_cave16_001.jpg" data-alt="Esculptura dins lo complèx dei Cròtas d'Ellora (sègles V-X)." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ellora_cave16_001.jpg/180px-Ellora_cave16_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ellora_cave16_001.jpg/240px-Ellora_cave16_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Esculptura dins lo complèx dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%B2tas_d'Ellora&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cròtas d'Ellora (la pagina existís pas)">Cròtas d'Ellora</a> (sègles V-X). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculptura bodista dau periòde medievau (sègle XI)."> <noscript> <img alt="Esculptura bodista dau periòde medievau (sègle XI)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg/80px-The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg/80px-The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg" data-alt="Esculptura bodista dau periòde medievau (sègle XI)." data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg/120px-The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg/160px-The_Hindu_deity_Vishnu_-_Indian_Art_-_Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Esculptura bodista dau periòde medievau (sègle XI). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:NatarajaMET.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze de l'estat Chola (sègle XI)."> <noscript> <img alt="Bronze de l'estat Chola (sègle XI)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NatarajaMET.JPG/120px-NatarajaMET.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 104px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NatarajaMET.JPG/120px-NatarajaMET.JPG" data-alt="Bronze de l'estat Chola (sègle XI)." data-width="120" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NatarajaMET.JPG/180px-NatarajaMET.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/NatarajaMET.JPG/240px-NatarajaMET.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Bronze de l'estat Chola (sègle XI). </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pintura">Pintura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=50&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Pintura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La pintura indiana apareguèt, coma son arquitectura ò son art estatuari, avans lo periòde de la civilizacion de la Vau d'Indus. Lei vestigis pus vièlhs coneguts a l'ora d'ara datan de 5 500 avC (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bhimbetka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bhimbetka (la pagina existís pas)">Bhimbetka</a>). Son desvolopament contunièt durant lei sègles seguents e la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatura">literatura</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodisme">bodista</a> depinta mai d'una illustracion pintada situada dins lei palais de l'aristocràcia ò lei complèxs religiós de la peninsula (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%B2tas_d'Ajanta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cròtas d'Ajanta (la pagina existís pas)">Cròtas d'Ajanta</a>). Unei manuscrits d'aqueu periòde èran tanben ornats de dessenhs pintats. Coma per lo rèsta de l'art indian ancian, lei tematicas principalas èran d'òrdre religiós. Per la seguida, au sègle XVII, après leis invasions musulmanas e l'instauracion de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Mog%C3%B2l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Mogòl">Empèri Mogòl</a>, la pintura indiana adoptèt de tecnicas e d'influéncias iranianas. Puei, au sègle XIX, foguèt lo torn de la pintura europèa, especialament britanica, d'apondre d'influéncias novèlas a la pintura indiana. Enfin, au sègle XX, la pintura indiana adoptèt divèrseis influéncias internacionalas e acomencèt de diversificar lei tematicas de seis òbras que son plus solament d'inspiracion religiosa.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bhimbetka1.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pinturas de Bhimbetka (milleni VI avC)."> <noscript> <img alt="Pinturas de Bhimbetka (milleni VI avC)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bhimbetka1.JPG/120px-Bhimbetka1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="295"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bhimbetka1.JPG/120px-Bhimbetka1.JPG" data-alt="Pinturas de Bhimbetka (milleni VI avC)." data-width="120" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bhimbetka1.JPG/180px-Bhimbetka1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bhimbetka1.JPG/240px-Bhimbetka1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pinturas de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bhimbetka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bhimbetka (la pagina existís pas)">Bhimbetka</a> (milleni VI avC). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pinturas dins lei Cròtas d'Ajanta (sègle V)."> <noscript> <img alt="Pinturas dins lei Cròtas d'Ajanta (sègle V)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg/79px-Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="691"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 79px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg/79px-Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg" data-alt="Pinturas dins lei Cròtas d'Ajanta (sègle V)." data-width="79" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg/119px-Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg/159px-Ajanta_Padmapani.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pinturas dins lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%B2tas_d'Ajanta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cròtas d'Ajanta (la pagina existís pas)">Cròtas d'Ajanta</a> (sègle V). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Oldpaint_file.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pintura realizada dins la region de Mysore realizada au començament dau periòde coloniau."> <noscript> <img alt="Pintura realizada dins la region de Mysore realizada au començament dau periòde coloniau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oldpaint_file.jpg/120px-Oldpaint_file.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oldpaint_file.jpg/120px-Oldpaint_file.jpg" data-alt="Pintura realizada dins la region de Mysore realizada au començament dau periòde coloniau." data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oldpaint_file.jpg/180px-Oldpaint_file.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oldpaint_file.jpg/240px-Oldpaint_file.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pintura realizada dins la region de Mysore realizada au començament dau periòde coloniau. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pintura dau periòde mogòl (sègle XVII)."> <noscript> <img alt="Pintura dau periòde mogòl (sègle XVII)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg/81px-Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1855"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 81px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg/81px-Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg" data-alt="Pintura dau periòde mogòl (sègle XVII)." data-width="81" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg/122px-Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg/162px-Meister_des_Rasikapriy%C3%A2-Manuskripts_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pintura dau periòde mogòl (sègle XVII). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pintura indiana de la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX."> <noscript> <img alt="Pintura indiana de la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/73px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="4256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 73px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/73px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg" data-alt="Pintura indiana de la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX." data-width="73" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/110px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/146px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pintura indiana de la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX. </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=51&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Literatura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La literatura indiana apareguèt durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> anciana ambé la formacion progressiva dei tèxtes religiós indós coma lei Veda. En causa de la superficia estentuda de la peninsula e dau nombre important de lengas diferentas, aquela literatura presenta une diversitat gròssa, especialament a partir dau sègle X. Lo periòde coloniau introduguèt l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a> coma lenga de literatura qu'es totjorn fòrça utilizat. Au sègle XX, la literatura indiana venguèt un movement internacionau major ambé mai d'un autor de reputacion mondiala coma Salman Rushdie, Anita Desai, Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth, Arundhati Roy, Vijay Singh, Tarun Tejpal, Rohinton Mistry...</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cinèma"><span id="Cin.C3.A8ma"></span>Cinèma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=52&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Cinèma" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Índia es lo premier productor mondiau de film, especialament gràcias a l'industria cinematografica de la region de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombai">Bombai</a> que realiza unei centenaus de films (magerament en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Indi">indi</a>) cada annada. Pasmens, d'autrei centres existission amb una produccion en indi ò dins una autra lenga. La màger part d'aquela produccion es destinat a una esplecha comerciala corta e rapida. Pasmens, i a tanben de film d'autor e mai d'un autor indian a averat de prèmis internacionaus prestigiós coma <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mira_Nair&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mira Nair (la pagina existís pas)">Mira Nair</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Musica_e_dança"><span id="Musica_e_dan.C3.A7a"></span>Musica e dança</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=53&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Musica e dança" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La musica indiana apareguèt au milleni I avC segon lei conoissenças arqueologicas actuala. Es fòrça diversificada en causa dau nombre important de tradicions diferentas entre lo nòrd e lo sud de la peninsula. Per de rasons similaras, unei danças tradicionalas diferentas existisson sus lo territòri indian.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=54&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=55&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=56&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=edit&section=57&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2450626">.mw-parser-output span.default a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Lock_icon_blue.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.abonament a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.liure a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.limitat a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.pdf a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}</style><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://population.un.org/wpp/">World Population Prospects</a></span>». <i>Population Division – United Nations</i>. [Consulta: 2 d'octobre de 2024]</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Harvnb&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Modèl:Harvnb (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Harvnb</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Harvnb&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Modèl:Harvnb (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Harvnb</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-britan-weghats-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britan-weghats_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Harvnb&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Modèl:Harvnb (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Harvnb</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A l'opausat d'aqueu sostèn ai Britanics, lo nacionalista <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chandra_Bose&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chandra Bose (la pagina existís pas)">Chandra Bose</a> organizèt una armada de volontaris que participèt au conflicte dins lo camp <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">japonés</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-LOC_PROFILE-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LOC_PROFILE_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626"><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf">Country Profile: India</a></span>» (PDF).</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626"><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/sra1956250/">States Reorganisation Act, 1956</a></span>».</span>; See also: <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Political_integration_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Political integration of India (la pagina existís pas)">Political integration of India</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626"><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://districts.gov.in/">Districts of India</a></span>».</span></span></li> </ol> <p><br style="clear:both;line-height:0.5em;"></p>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%C3%8Dndia%26oldid%3D2456622">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Índia&oldid=2456622</a> » </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndia&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="2A02:578:85E8:900:393F:3101:D3A3:203B" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1733645277"> <span>Darrera modificació: 8 decembre de 2024 a les 08.07</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Llengües</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Индиа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Индиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Индие - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Индие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%25C3%25AB" title="Indië - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%2585%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258B%25B5" title="ህንድ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indea" title="Indea - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="الهند - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%2597%25DC%25A2%25DC%2595%25DC%2598" title="ܗܢܕܘ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܢܕܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="لهند - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لهند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="الهند - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A4" title="ভাৰত - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inda" title="Inda - atacama" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Inda" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atacama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barata" title="Barata - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Barata" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="هیندیستان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Һиндостан - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Indėjė - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Індыя - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Індыя - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hindi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia" title="Hindia - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hindia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A4" title="ভারত - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%2592%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="རྒྱ་གར། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་གར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A4" title="ভারত - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2595%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%258A%25E1%25A8%2589%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2595" title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ - buginés" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3" title="Энэдхэг - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Энэдхэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dndia" title="Índia - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589ng-d%25C3%25B4" title="Éng-dô - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-dô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D3%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D1%2587%25D0%25BE%25D1%258C" title="ХӀиндойчоь - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀиндойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A2%25E1%258F%2582%25E1%258F%2597%25E1%258E%25A2%25E1%258E%25A0" title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25BE%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="ھیندستان - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیندستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ndistan" title="İndistan - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İndistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2597%25EA%2599%2597" title="Їндїꙗ - eslavon" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8" title="Инди - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%25C9%259Bn" title="Indiɛn - dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Indiɛn" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%25C4%25B1stan" title="Hindıstan - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hindıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2587%25DE%25A8%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0%25DE%2591%25DE%25A8%25DE%2594%25DE%25A7" title="އިންޑިޔާ - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%2592%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25A2" title="རྒྱ་གར - dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="རྒྱ་གར" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B4%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ινδία - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barato" title="Barato - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_%25C3%258Dndia" title="La Índia - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Índia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="هند - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinndi" title="Hinndi - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hinndi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intia" title="Intia - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idia" title="Idia - fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Idia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda" title="Enda - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Enda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndia" title="Yndia - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_India" title="An India - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An India" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ndiya" title="İndiya - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İndiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="印度 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Innseachan" title="Na h-Innseachan - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Innseachan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="هند - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dndia" title="Índia - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25B0" title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AD%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25A4" title="ભારત - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Injey" title="Yn Injey - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Injey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yin-thu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BB%25C4%25AAnia" title="ʻĪnia - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĪnia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2595%25D7%2593%25D7%2595" title="הודו - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A4%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="Հնդկաստան - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A4%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="Հնդկաստան - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndia" title="Ndia - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiaq" title="Initiaq - inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Initiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D3%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5" title="ХӀиндиче - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиндиче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indland" title="Indland - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2590%2583%25E1%2593%2590%25E1%2591%258E%25E1%2590%258A" title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ - inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589" title="インド - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xingu%2527e" title="xingu'e - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xingu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indhi" title="Indhi - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Indhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="ინდოეთი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hindstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhend" title="Lhend - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lhend" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D" title="Индиэ - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Индиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%2590nd%25C9%25A9" title="Ɛndɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiya" title="Ndiya - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ndiya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - kikuiu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25AE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Үндістан - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үндістан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A5%25E1%259E%258E%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%258C%25E1%259E%25B6" title="ឥណ្ឌា - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឥណ្ឌា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AD%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25A4" title="ಭಾರತ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259D%25B8%25EB%258F%2584" title="인도 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%2581%25D9%2590%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="ہِندوستان - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِندوستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eynda" title="Eynda - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eynda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%258C%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Гьиндусттан - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гьиндусттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Barat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%258D" title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%25C5%2586deja" title="Iņdeja - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iņdeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%25E1%25B8%258Dia" title="Inḍia - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Inḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Индий - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25AAnia" title="Īnia - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Индија - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D1%2582%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3" title="Энэтхэг - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энэтхэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%259F%25EA%25AF%2597%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A5" title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indja" title="Indja - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Indja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dndia" title="Índia - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Индия Мастор - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Индия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="هند - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Ende" title="Înde - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Înde" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3_W%25C3%25B3naan%25C3%25ADd%25C4%2599%25CC%2581%25C4%2599%25CC%2581%25CA%25BC_Bits%25C4%25AF%25CA%25BC_Yisht%25C5%2582izhii_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyaa" title="Indiyaa - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Indiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%25AD%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AC%25A4" title="ଭାରତ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8" title="Инди - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="भारत - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="بھارت - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF" title="هند - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dndia" title="Índia - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inriya" title="Inriya - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat" title="Bharat - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bharat" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhindi" title="Ubuhindi - rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuhindi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Індія - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhinde" title="Ubuhinde - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuhinde" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D" title="भारतम् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%258D" title="Ииндийэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ииндийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A7%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%259B" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cndia" title="Ìndia - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2580%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="ڀارت - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڀارت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%25C3%25AFi" title="Indïi - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Indïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%25A2%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2580%25B8" title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2589%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="ඉන්දියාව - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="بھارت - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitia" title="Igitia - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Igitia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiya" title="Hindiya - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hindiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Индија - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiakondre" title="Indiakondre - sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Indiakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdiya" title="INdiya - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INdiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi" title="Uhindi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhindi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyje" title="Indyje - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Indyje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="இந்தியா - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AD%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25A4" title="ಭಾರತ - toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A5%259B%25E1%25A5%25AB%25E1%25A5%2592%25E1%25A5%25B0_%25E1%25A5%259F%25E1%25A5%25A4%25E1%25A5%25A2%25E1%25A5%25B0_%25E1%25A5%2596%25E1%25A5%25A4%25E1%25A5%25B0_%25E1%25A5%2595%25E1%25A5%25A3%25E1%25A5%25B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ - Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B1%2587%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%2582" title="భారతదేశం - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dndia" title="Índia - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="Ҳиндустон - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндустон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="ประเทศอินเดีย - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%2585%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258B%25B2" title="ህንዲ - tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ህንዲ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindyston" title="Hindyston - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BBInitia" title="ʻInitia - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻInitia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Һиндстан - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%2580%2599In%25C4%25ABtia" title="’Inītia - tahician" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Inītia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25BE%25D9%2589%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2589%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="ھىندىستان - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Індія - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA" title="بھارت - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cndia" title="Ìndia - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25BA%25A4n_%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%2599" title="Ấn Độ - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%25C3%25AB" title="Indië - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lind%25C3%25A4n" title="Lindän - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lindän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="印度 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Индия - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIndia" title="IIndia - xhòsa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIndia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhòsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="ინდოეთი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="אינדיע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dnd%25C3%25AD%25C3%25A0" title="Índíà - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Índíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yindu" title="Yindu - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yindu" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%2580%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B4%25B7%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F" title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="印度 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="印度 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cn-t%25C5%258D%25CD%2598" title="Ìn-tō͘ - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%25BA%25A6" title="印度 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" alt="Wikipèdia" width="120" height="19" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 8 decembre de 2024 a 08.07.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Lo contengut es disponible jos licéncia <a 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