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0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Community" title="Category:Community">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccf;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">Community</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Community.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="32" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Academic studies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">Social sciences</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Community studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_practice" title="Community practice">Community practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_psychology" title="Community psychology">Community psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_work" title="Social work">Social work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_sociology" title="Computational sociology">Computational sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">Cultural anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_studies" title="Internet studies">Internet studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" title="Philosophy of social science">Philosophy of social science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_sociology" title="Rural sociology">Rural sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_geography" title="Social geography">Social geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">Sociocultural evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Key concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(sociology)" title="Affinity (sociology)">Affinity (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivism_and_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivism and individualism">Collectivism and individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_engagement" title="Community engagement">Community engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_education" title="Community education">Community education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_cohesion" title="Community cohesion">Community cohesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_interest" title="Community of interest">Community of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_practice" title="Community practice">Community practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_place" title="Community of place">Community of place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_service" title="Community service">Community service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_politics" title="Community politics">Community politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_cohesiveness" title="Group cohesiveness">Group cohesiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (sociology)">Group (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_dynamics" title="Group dynamics">Group dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagined_community" title="Imagined community">Imagined community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosocial_behavior" title="Prosocial behavior">Prosocial behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_community" title="Sense of community">Sense of community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-group_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-group communication">Small-group communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobornost" title="Sobornost">Sobornost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_capital" title="Social capital">Social capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_death" title="Social death">Social death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_rejection" title="Social rejection">Social rejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_support" title="Social support">Social support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity (sociology)">Solidarity (sociology)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> <a href="/wiki/Community_development" title="Community development">Community development</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community-based_management" title="Community-based management">Community-based management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_building" title="Community building">Community building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_economic_development" title="Community economic development">Community economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_development_planning" title="Community development planning">Community development planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_organizing" title="Community organizing">Community organizing</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_community" title="Outline of community">Outline</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Community" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Community">WikiProject Community</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Community_building" title="Category:Community building">Category:Community building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Community_development" title="Category:Community development">Category:Community development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Localism_(politics)" title="Category:Localism (politics)">Category:Localism (politics)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Community#Participants" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Community">Join the Community community</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Community" title="Template:Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Community" title="Template talk:Community"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Community"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Community studies</b> is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_disciplines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic disciplines">academic field</a> drawing on both <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_research" title="Social research">social research</a> <a href="/wiki/Methodology" title="Methodology">methods</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">participant observation</a> in the study of community. In academic settings around the world, community studies is variously a sub-discipline of anthropology or sociology, or an independent discipline. It is often interdisciplinary and geared toward practical applications rather than purely theoretical perspectives.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community studies is sometimes combined with other fields, i.e., "Urban and Community Studies," "Health and Community Studies," or "Family and Community studies."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epistemology">Epistemology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Epistemology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, community studies drew inspiration from the classic <a href="/wiki/Urban_sociology" title="Urban sociology">urban sociology</a> texts produced by the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_(sociology)" title="Chicago school (sociology)">Chicago School</a>, such as the works of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Wirth" title="Louis Wirth">Louis Wirth</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Foote_Whyte" title="William Foote Whyte">William Foote Whyte</a>. In <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, community studies was developed for colonial administrators working in East Africa, particularly <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. It was further developed in the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> period with the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Community_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Community Studies">Institute of Community Studies</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Dartington" title="Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington">Michael Young</a> in east London, and with the studies published from the institute, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Family_and_Kinship_in_East_London" title="Family and Kinship in East London">Family and Kinship in East London</a></i>. </p><p>Community studies, like <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, have often assumed the existence of discrete, relatively <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Homogeneous" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Homogeneous">homogeneous</a>, almost <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribe</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities">communities</a>, which can be studied as <a href="/wiki/Organic_(model)" title="Organic (model)">organic</a> <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">wholes</a>. In this, it has been a key <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">influence</a> on <a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">communitarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">communalism</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Local_community" title="Local community">local context</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">global</a> and everywhere in between.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Curricula">Curricula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Curricula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Community studies <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curricula</a> are often centered on the "concerns" of communities. These include mental and physical health, stress, addiction, AIDS, racism, immigration, ethnicity, gender, identity, sexuality, the environment, crime, deviance, delinquency, family problems, social competence, poverty, homelessness and other psycho-social aspects. Understanding the socio-cultural completeness and the anthropological ramifications of the accurate analysis of community health is key to the sphere of these studies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another focus of curricula in community studies is upon anthropology, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a> in particular. Some programs set as prerequisite knowledge, the background and historical contexts for community, drawing upon <a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">archeological findings</a> and the theoretical underpinnings for social organization in ancient and prehistorical community settings. The theories connected with the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> is one example of a deep study into how, where and why, hunter-gatherer communities formed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Community studies have been linked to the causes of social justice, promoting peace and <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a> and working towards social change, often within an <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activist</a> framework.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools_with_Community_studies_concentrations">Schools with Community studies concentrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Schools with Community studies concentrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urban.uconn.edu/">Urban and Community Studies</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uconn.edu">University of Connecticut</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020025918/http://www.colorado.edu/communitystudies/">Community Studies Program</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.edu/">University of Colorado Boulder</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710044817/http://www.rit.edu/cla/sociology/urban/index.html">Urban and Community Studies</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rit.edu/">Rochester Institute of Technology</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828133914/http://www.cpcs.umb.edu/undergrad/community_studies/about_community_studies.htm">College of Community and Public Service</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Boston" title="University of Massachusetts Boston">University of Massachusetts Boston</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716181458/http://www.douglas.bc.ca/calhtm/courses/ccfcs.htm">Child, Family and Community Studies Integrated Curriculum Courses</a> at <a href="/wiki/Douglas_College" title="Douglas College">Douglas College</a> (BC, Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824150708/http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/ccs/index.htm">Center for Community Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Peabody_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody College">Peabody College</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urbancenter.utoronto.ca/">The Centre for Urban and Community Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713153603/http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/ihcs/">Institute of Health and Community Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth University</a> (UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060819133635/http://www.uakron.edu/panafrican/">Pan African Center for Community Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Akron" title="University of Akron">University of Akron</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060803173240/http://www.soe.uwm.edu/pages/welcome/Departments/Education_Policy___Comm_Studies">Department of Educational Policy & Community Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Milwaukee" title="University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee">University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/concentrations.html#community">Integrative Studies Concentrations - Community</a> at <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carrs.msu.edu/">Department of Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resource Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/soced/">Department of Social Policy and Education</a> at <a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck, University of London</a> (UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033219/http://hcd.ucdavis.edu/crd/">Department of Community and Regional Development</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sam.sehir.edu.tr/EN/">Center for Urban Studies</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sehir.edu.tr/en/">Istanbul Sehir University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://communitystudies.ucsc.edu/">Department of Community Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usi.edu/liberal-arts/communal-center/">Center for Communal Studies</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usi.edu/">University of Southern Indiana</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The University of California at Santa Cruz has an interdisciplinary <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://communitystudies.ucsc.edu/about_us/">Community Studies Department</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904163357/http://communitystudies.ucsc.edu/about_us/">Archived</a> 2006-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples of Community Studies programs with a particular focus: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urbancenter.utoronto.ca/aboutcucs.html">Urban and Community Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831142155/http://www.urbancenter.utoronto.ca/aboutcucs.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the University of Toronto; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/ihcs/">The Institute of Health and Community Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713153603/http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/ihcs/">Archived</a> 2006-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Bournemouth University, UK, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.douglas.bc.ca/faculties/child-family-community-studies/">The Faculty of Child, Family and Community Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120730082307/http://www.douglas.bc.ca/faculties/child-family-community-studies/">Archived</a> 2012-07-30 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> at Douglas College, New Westminster BC, Canada.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Community_and_Applied_Social_Psychology" title="Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology">Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology</a>, Aims and Scope</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellwood, Peter. (2004). <i>First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies</i>. Blackwell Publishers. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20566-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20566-7">0-631-20566-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://admissions.ucsc.edu/pdf/Community_Studies_2005.pdf">Community Studies 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060823122545/http://admissions.ucsc.edu/pdf/Community_Studies_2005.pdf">Archived</a> 2006-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.C. Santa Cruz; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpcs.umb.edu/undergrad/community_studies/about_community_studies.htm">The College of Public and Community Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828133914/http://www.cpcs.umb.edu/undergrad/community_studies/about_community_studies.htm">Archived</a> 2006-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UMass, Boston, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peacebeyondviolence.org/">The Institute for Community Peace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622075613/http://www.peacebeyondviolence.org/">Archived</a> 2006-06-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, an <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> in Washington, D.C.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_development" title="Community development">Community development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_psychology" title="Community psychology">Community psychology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_studies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709231511/http://www.infed.org/community/b-comstd.htm">Community studies at informal education</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical anthropology">physical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">mathematical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a> <ul><li><a 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title="Political philosophy">philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">abnormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">developmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demography</a></li> <li><a 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