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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88" title="جسو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0eps" title="Šeps – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šeps" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88" title="جسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%AF%EC%86%8C" title="젯소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="젯소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A1%D7%95" title="ג'סו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'סו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso_(krijt)" title="Gesso (krijt) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gesso (krijt)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0eps" title="Šeps – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šeps" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso" title="Gesso – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gesso" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Джессо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джессо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%86%8F%E5%BA%95%E6%96%99" title="石膏底料 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石膏底料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Paint primer composed of a white pigment and a binder</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Italian geology term, see <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church,_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church%2C_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG/220px-St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church%2C_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church%2C_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG/330px-St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church%2C_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church%2C_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG/440px-St._Michael_%26_All_Angels_Church%2C_Lyndhurst_-Gesso_Panel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A restored gesso panel representing <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">St. Martin of Tours</a>, from St. Michael and All Angels Church, Lyndhurst, Hampshire</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gesso</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈdʒɛsso]</a></span>; '<a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>', from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a></i>, from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">γύψος</span>), also known as "glue gesso" or "Italian gesso",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a white <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paint</a> mixture used to coat rigid surfaces such as wooden <a href="/wiki/Panel_painting" title="Panel painting">painting panels</a> or <a href="/wiki/Masonite" title="Masonite">masonite</a> as a permanent absorbent <a href="/wiki/Primer_(paint)" title="Primer (paint)">primer</a> substrate for <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>. It consists of a <a href="/wiki/Binder_(material)" title="Binder (material)">binder</a> mixed with <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a>, or any combination of these.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gesso is used in painting as a preparation for any number of substrates such as wood panels, <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a> and sculpture as a base for paint and other materials that are applied over it. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colour of gesso is usually white or off-white. Its absorbency makes it work with all painting media, including water-based media, different types of <a href="/wiki/Tempera" title="Tempera">tempera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">oil paint</a>. </p><p>Mixing and applying it is a craft in itself, as it is usually applied in ten or more extremely thin layers. The hide glue mixture used to make the traditional gesso is rather brittle and susceptible to cracking, thus making it suitable for rigid surfaces only. </p><p>When painting, there are several advantages to using gesso. It provides a strong foundation for the paint to adhere to, prevents the paint from soaking into the surface, and can also be used to achieve a desired texture or surface finish. Furthermore, gesso can help to extend the life of a painting by acting as a barrier to protect it from moisture, dust, and UV rays.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg/220px-Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg/330px-Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg/440px-Gesso_acrylic_brush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Acrylic gesso</figcaption></figure> <p>Gesso is traditionally a mix of an animal glue binder (usually <a href="/wiki/Rabbit-skin_glue" title="Rabbit-skin glue">rabbit-skin glue</a>), chalk, and white pigment. </p><p>For priming flexible <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsion</a> of gesso and <a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">linseed oil</a>, also called "half-chalk ground", is used.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acrylic gesso is a mixture of white pigment and some kind of filler (chalk, silica, etc.) and <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_resin" title="Acrylic resin">acrylic resin</a> dispersed in water. It produces a soft, flexible non-absorbent surface that is technically not <i>gesso</i> (although it is commonly called that by its manufacturers).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can contain calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) to increase the absorbency of the primer coat as well as <a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioxide" title="Titanium dioxide">titanium dioxide</a> or "titanium white" as a whitening agent. It is sold premixed for both <a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">sizing</a> and priming panels and flexible <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a> for <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>. Art supply manufacturers market canvases pre-primed with acrylic gesso. Acrylic gesso can be colored, either commercially by replacing the titanium white with another pigment, such as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">carbon black</a>, or by the artist directly, with the addition of an <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_paint" title="Acrylic paint">acrylic paint</a>. Acrylic gesso can be odorous, due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>, which are added in small amounts as preservatives. Acrylic gesso's non-absorbent acrylic polymer base makes it incompatible with media that require an absorbent substrate, such as egg tempera.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Painter's Handbook</i> notes a problem with using oil paints over an acrylic gesso ground instead of a traditional <a href="/wiki/Oil_ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil ground">oil ground</a>, citing a mismatch in flexibility that over time could cause the oil paint to delaminate.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture"> Sculptors</a> may use gesso to prepare the shape of a final sculpture (fused bronze) or directly as a material for sculpting. Gesso can also be used as a layer between sculpted wood and gold leaf.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, a layer of refined and coloured clay called <a href="/wiki/Armenian_bole" title="Armenian bole"> bole</a> is used to cover the gesso before applying the gold.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bole is usually red in colour. </p><p>Gesso can also serve as a base on three-dimensional surfaces for the application of paint or <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321"><i>The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference</i> by Mark David Gottsegen. p. 321</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603155459/https://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321">Archived</a> June 3, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Varney_Thompson1956" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Varney Thompson (January 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1DFuGQeG10C&pg=PA32"><i>The materials and techniques of medieval painting</i></a>. Courier Corporation. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486203270" title="Special:BookSources/9780486203270"><bdi>9780486203270</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span></span> – via Books.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+materials+and+techniques+of+medieval+painting&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=1956-01&rft.isbn=9780486203270&rft.au=Daniel+Varney+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1DFuGQeG10C%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsiddiquiMapari2023" class="citation web cs1">siddiqui, Ubaid; Mapari, Muskan (2023-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inkbyhand.com/what-is-gesso-everything-to-know/">"What Is Gesso: Everything You Should Know"</a>. <i>Inkbyhand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inkbyhand&rft.atitle=What+Is+Gesso%3A+Everything+You+Should+Know&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft.aulast=siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Ubaid&rft.au=Mapari%2C+Muskan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finkbyhand.com%2Fwhat-is-gesso-everything-to-know%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624135136/https://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA64"><i>The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference</i> by Mark David Gottsegen, p. 64</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321"><i>The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference</i>, by Mark David Gottsegen. p. 321</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603155459/https://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321">Archived</a> June 3, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Friel2010" class="citation book cs1">Michael Friel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eQkf05ZPoysC&pg=PA56"><i>Still Life Painting Atelier: An Introduction to Oil Painting</i></a>. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823034086" title="Special:BookSources/9780823034086"><bdi>9780823034086</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span></span> – via Books.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Still+Life+Painting+Atelier%3A+An+Introduction+to+Oil+Painting&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780823034086&rft.au=Michael+Friel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeQkf05ZPoysC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltoon_Sultan1999" class="citation book cs1">Altoon Sultan (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CU56YgWzIM8C&pg=PA33"><i>Luminous Brush: Painting with Egg Tempera</i></a>. Altoon Sultan. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823028887" title="Special:BookSources/9780823028887"><bdi>9780823028887</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span></span> – via Books.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luminous+Brush%3A+Painting+with+Egg+Tempera&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Altoon+Sultan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780823028887&rft.au=Altoon+Sultan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCU56YgWzIM8C%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottsegen2006" class="citation book cs1">Gottsegen, Mark David (2006). <i>Painter's Handbook: Revised and Expanded</i> (Revised, Expanded ed.). New York: Watson-Guptill. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-3496-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-3496-3"><bdi>978-0-8230-3496-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Painter%27s+Handbook%3A+Revised+and+Expanded&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=60&rft.edition=Revised%2C+Expanded&rft.pub=Watson-Guptill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-3496-3&rft.aulast=Gottsegen&rft.aufirst=Mark+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theconservationcenter.com/articles/2017/11/27/what-does-that-do-gesso-carving-hooks">"What Does That Do: Gesso Carving Chisels"</a>. Chicago: The Conservation Center. November 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Does+That+Do%3A+Gesso+Carving+Chisels&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+Conservation+Center&rft.date=2017-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theconservationcenter.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F11%2F27%2Fwhat-does-that-do-gesso-carving-hooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2012" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Daniel V. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MU68AQAAQBAJ&dq=gold+leaf+gesso&pg=PA219"><i>The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting</i></a>. Dover Publications. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486142036" title="Special:BookSources/9780486142036"><bdi>9780486142036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Materials+and+Techniques+of+Medieval+Painting&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780486142036&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Daniel+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMU68AQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dgold%2Bleaf%2Bgesso%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OHa9dxrh5g0C&pg=PA148"><i>Lettering & Calligraphy Workbook</i></a>. Diagram Group. 2006. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402741012" title="Special:BookSources/9781402741012"><bdi>9781402741012</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-09</span></span> – via Books.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lettering+%26+Calligraphy+Workbook&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Diagram+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781402741012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOHa9dxrh5g0C%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gesso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gesso" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gesso">Gesso</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jtresser.com/GILDERTIPS.html">"The Technique of Raised Gilding", Jerry Tresser, 1992</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328193511/http://www.jtresser.com/GILDERTIPS.html">Archived</a> 2015-03-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane,_Walter1893" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Crane" title="Walter Crane">Crane, Walter</a> (May 1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000068818081;view=1up;seq=57">"Gesso Work"</a>. <i>The Studio</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 45–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Studio&rft.atitle=Gesso+Work&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-49&rft.date=1893-05&rft.au=Crane%2C+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dpst.000068818081%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGesso" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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