CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cubans - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"76f704b2-857b-4d14-aa0f-95f8facbb6ca","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cubans","wgTitle":"Cubans","wgCurRevisionId":1260080265,"wgRevisionId":1260080265,"wgArticleId":1288758,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 errors: generic name","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2023","\"Related ethnic groups\" needing confirmation","Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters","Articles containing Spanish-language text", "Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021","Articles that may contain original research from October 2016","All articles that may contain original research","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Cuban people","Ethnic groups in the Caribbean"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cubans","wgRelevantArticleId":1288758,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline": false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1195125","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/1200px-Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="621"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/800px-Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="414"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/640px-Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="331"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cubans - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubans"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubans"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cubans rootpage-Cubans skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cubans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cubans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cubans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cubans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_and_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Racial and ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Racial and ethnic groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Racial_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_or_white" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_or_white"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>European or white</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_or_white-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_or_African" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_or_African"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Black or African</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_or_African-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiracial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiracial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Multiracial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiracial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>East Asian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerindian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerindian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Amerindian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerindian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Arabs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cubans_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cubans_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cubans abroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cubans_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture and traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cubans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كوبيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوبيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubal%C4%B1lar" title="Kubalılar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kubalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Кубінцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кубінцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cubans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciwbawyr" title="Ciwbawyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ciwbawyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuubalased" title="Kuubalased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuubalased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Κουβανοί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουβανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubanos" title="Cubanos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cubanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubanoj" title="Kubanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kubanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubatar" title="Kubatar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kubatar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="کوبایی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوبایی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubains" title="Cubains – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cubains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8" title="쿠바인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠바인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կուբացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուբացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubanci" title="Kubanci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kubanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kuba" title="Orang Kuba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კუბელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუბელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кубалықтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кубалықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBbay%C3%AE" title="Kûbayî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kûbayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubie%C5%A1i" title="Kubieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kubieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubie%C4%8Diai" title="Kubiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kubiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كوبيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوبيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubanen" title="Cubanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cubanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="क्युबाली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्युबाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Кубахой – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кубахой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubaliklar" title="Kubaliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kubaliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba%C5%84czycy" title="Kubańczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kubańczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubanos" title="Cubanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cubanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Кубинцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кубинцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubanez%C3%ABt" title="Kubanezët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kubanezët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubanci" title="Kubanci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kubanci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubanci" title="Kubanci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kubanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCbal%C4%B1lar" title="Kübalılar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kübalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Кубинці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кубинці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Cuba" title="Người Cuba – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Cuba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_ar%C3%A1_K%C3%BAb%C3%A0" title="Àwọn ará Kúbà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ará Kúbà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="古巴人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古巴人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1195125#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cubans" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cubans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cubans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cubans" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cubans" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&oldid=1260080265" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cubans&id=1260080265&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCubans"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCubans"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cubans&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_Cuba" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1195125" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nationality</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cuban_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cuban (disambiguation)">Cuban</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Cubans<br /><small><i>Cubanos</i></small></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Cuban Diaspora in the world</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cubans</a>: ~<b>13.8 million</b> (2024)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">Diaspora</a>: ~<b>3.8 million</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> 10,055,968 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,568,036 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-C_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Uruguay_quiere_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uruguay_quiere-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">198,639 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-K_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">50,355 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Mexico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">25,976 (2020) <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Mexico" title="Immigration to Mexico">**</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Uruguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">24,485 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Uruguay_quiere_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uruguay_quiere-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">23,531 (2023) <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">**</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Canada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">19,545 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Chile"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">19,068 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Venezuela"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">10,769 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Ecuador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">10,768 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">9,185 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Puerto Rico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">8,891 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Costa Rica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">6,908 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">5,466 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Switzerland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,574 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Dominican Republic"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,402 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Peru"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,170 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Sweden"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,992 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Colombia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,534 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Trinidad and Tobago"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,412 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,333 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-2011CensusEngWal_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011CensusEngWal-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011CensusScotland_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011CensusScotland-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011CensusNI_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011CensusNI-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Russia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,224 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Panama"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,194 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Australia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,021 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Bolivia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,971 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Belgium"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,926 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Portugal"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,858 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,846 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Jamaica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,825 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Guinea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,714 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Netherlands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,501 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Haiti"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,185 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,116 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Cuban Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucum%C3%AD_language" title="Lucumí language">Lucumí</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (Miami accent), <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubonics" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubonics">Cubonics</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority</b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Religion_in_Cuba_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_Cuba-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Minority</b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, <a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Criollos" class="mw-redirect" title="Criollos">Criollos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Floridanos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">Spaniards</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">Africans</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese people</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islanders" title="Canary Islanders">Canarians</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalans</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Galicians" title="Galicians">Galicians</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Andalusians" title="Andalusians">Andalusians</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese people</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French people</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitians</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cubans</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Cubanos</i>) are the citizens and nationals of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. The Cuban people have varied origins with the most spoken language being <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. The larger Cuban <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> includes individuals that trace ancestry to Cuba and <a href="/wiki/Self-concept" title="Self-concept">self-identify</a> as Cuban but are not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuban by citizenship</a>. The United States has the largest Cuban population in the world after Cuba. </p><p>The modern nation of Cuba, located in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, emerged as an independent country following the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish-American War of 1898</a>, which led to the end of Spanish colonial rule. The subsequent period of American influence, culminating in the formal <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">independence of Cuba</a> in 1902, initiated a complex process of national identity formation. This identity is characterized by a blend of Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a>, African, and Spanish cultural elements, reflecting a unique <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> heritage. The <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution of 1959</a>, which brought <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro_in_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution">power</a>, marked a significant turning point as it transformed the political landscape, reinforced a sense of national identity centered around revolutionary and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> ideals and led to the continuing <a href="/wiki/Cuban_exodus" title="Cuban exodus">Cuban Exodus</a>, thus establishing the Cuban Diaspora. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racial_and_ethnic_groups">Racial and ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Racial and ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cuba" title="Demographics of Cuba">Demographics of Cuba</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Census">Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population of Cuba was 11,167,325 inhabitants in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-official_2012_Census_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_2012_Census-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba (2012) are to be found in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> (2,106,146), <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a> (506,037), <a href="/wiki/Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Holguín">Holguín</a> (346,195), <a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a> (323,309), <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_Cuba" title="Santa Clara, Cuba">Santa Clara</a> (240,543) and <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Guantánamo">Guantánamo</a> (228,436).<sup id="cite_ref-Official_census_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_census-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Cuba's Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE 2012 Census, the population was 11,167,325 including: 5,570,825 men and 5,596,500 women. </p> <table class="sort wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="1">Year </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> / % </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Mestizo</a> / % </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Black</a> / % </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> (Amarillo) / % </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1774</td> <td align="right">96,440</td> <td>56.2</td> <td colspan="6">75,180 / 43.8</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 171,620 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861</td> <td align="right">793,484</td> <td>56.8</td> <td colspan="6">603,046 / 43.2</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,396,530 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1899</td> <td align="right">1,052,397</td> <td>67.9</td> <td align="right">270,805</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">TBD</span></td> <td align="right">234,738</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">TBD</span></td> <td align="right">14,857</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">TBD</span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,572,797 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943 </td> <td>3,553,312 </td> <td>74.3 </td> <td>743,113 </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td>463,227 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td>18,931 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4,778,583 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>7,271,926 </td> <td>65.0 </td> <td>2,658,675 </td> <td>24.86 </td> <td>1,126,894 </td> <td>10,08 </td> <td>112,268 </td> <td>1,02 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11,177,743 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>7,160,399 </td> <td>64.1 </td> <td>2,972,882 </td> <td>26.6 </td> <td>1,034,044 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11,167,325 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Source.<sup id="cite_ref-one.cu_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one.cu-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Official_census_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_census-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-official_2012_Census_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_2012_Census-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_or_white">European or white</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European or white"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Spanish immigration to Cuba</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba" title="French immigration to Cuba">French immigration to Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Cubans" title="Italian Cubans">Italian Cubans</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg/250px-Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg/375px-Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg/500px-Supervisors_of_the_Cuban_census.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2393" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption>Cuban supervisors for the 1899 census.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg/220px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg/330px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg/440px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_2756.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4192" data-file-height="2797" /></a><figcaption>A Cuban shoemaker in <a href="/wiki/Old_Havana" title="Old Havana">Old Havana</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2012 Census of Cuba, 64.1% of the inhabitants self-identified as <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a>. Based on <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a> (2014) in Cuba, the average percentages of European, African and Native American ancestry in those auto-reporting to be white were 86%, 6.7%, and 7.8%, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-admixture_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admixture-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the European ancestry comes from Spain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_or_African">Black or African</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Black or African"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cubans</a></div> <p>The Afro-Cuban population was 9.3% in the 2012 Census of Cuba. Just about 1.3 million Cubans described themselves as <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_2012_Census_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_2012_Census-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus a significant proportion of those living on the island affirm some sub-Saharan African ancestry. </p><p>Based on genetic testing in 2014, the average African, European and Native American ancestry in those self-reporting to be "negro (Black)" was 65.5% "African", 29% "European" ancestry and 5.5% "Native American" or other ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-admixture_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admixture-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Afro-Cubans can be found throughout Cuba, <a href="/wiki/Oriente_Province" title="Oriente Province">Eastern Cuba</a> has a higher concentration of Blacks than other parts of the island. <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> has the largest population of blacks of any city in Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiracial">Multiracial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Multiracial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG/220px-2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG/330px-2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG/440px-2012-02-Pinar_del_Rio_Strassenszene_anagoria_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Cuban children in the <a href="/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo_Province" title="Pinar del Río Province">Pinar del Río Province</a> (2012)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2012 Census of Cuba, 26.6% (2.97 million) of the Cubans self-identified as <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a> or <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">mestizo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asian">East Asian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East Asian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cubans" title="Chinese Cubans">Chinese Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Cubans" title="Japanese Cubans">Japanese Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Cubans" title="Filipino Cubans">Filipino Cubans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Cuba" title="Koreans in Cuba">Koreans in Cuba</a></div> <p>Officially called <i>amarilla</i> (<i>yellow</i> in English) in the Cuban census,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cubans of East Asian origins made up 1.02% of the population in the 2002 Census of Cuba. They are primarily made up of ethnic Chinese who are descendants of <a href="/wiki/Indentured_laborer" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured laborer">indentured laborers</a> who came in the 19th century to build <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railroads</a> and work in <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mines</a>. Historically, Chinese descendants in Cuba were once classified as "white".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerindian">Amerindian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Amerindian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of people identifying as <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> has not been formally recorded. Most of them live on the eastern part of the island, notably in Granma, Guantánamo, and Las Tunas. </p><p>The intermixing between European settlers and the native <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> was prevalent in the early colonial era. Their mixed-race descendants have been historically undercounted. </p><p>According to a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>-wide data study, the eastern region of the island had an average Native American ancestry contribution of 10%, as compared to an average of 5% in the rest of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-fortes-lima_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortes-lima-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, many North American Indians living in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Georgia" title="Spanish missions in Georgia">Spanish missions in Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Florida">Florida</a> were evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Cuba">Spanish Cuba</a> along with the fleeing Spanish settlers following the loss of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>. As a result, descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Calusa" title="Calusa">Calusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tequesta" title="Tequesta">Tequesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timucua" title="Timucua">Timucua</a> and other now-extinct <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Florida" title="Indigenous peoples of Florida">indigenous peoples of Florida</a> have been assimilated into the mainstream Cuban population. They comprise part of Cuba's Amerindian genetic makeup. </p><p>Intermarriage between diverse groups is so frequent as to be the rule.<sup id="cite_ref-bare_url_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bare_url-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabs">Arabs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Arabs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Cubans" title="Arab Cubans">Arab Cubans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_changes">Population changes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Population changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuba's <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> (9.88 births per thousand population in 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the lowest in the Western Hemisphere. Its overall population increased from around 7 million in 1961 to 11 million today, but the rate of increase slowed over time and has recently turned to a decrease, with the Cuban government in 2006 reporting the first drop in the population since the <a href="/wiki/Mariel_boatlift" title="Mariel boatlift">Mariel boatlift</a>. Immigration and emigration have had noticeable effects on the demographic profile of Cuba during the 20th century. Between 1900 and 1930, close to a million Spaniards migrated to the island. </p><p>Since 1959, over two million Cubans have left the island, primarily to <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a>, where a vocal, well-educated and economically successful <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuban_migration_to_Miami" title="Cuban migration to Miami">community</a> exists.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test" title="Genealogical DNA test">autosomal</a> study from 2014 found the genetic ancestry in Cuba to be 72% European, 20% African and 8% Amerindian.<sup id="cite_ref-admixture_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admixture-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of note, there is high variability between regions within Cuba, with individuals from Western provinces having higher European ancestry on average, and those in the Eastern region having more African and Native American genetic contribution.<sup id="cite_ref-fortes-lima_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortes-lima-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cuban <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogy</a> has become a rising interest for Cubans in the last 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1995 study done on the population of <a href="/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Pinar del Río">Pinar del Río</a>, found that 50% of the <a href="/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup">Mt-DNA lineages</a> (female lineages) could be traced back to Europeans, 46% to Africans and 3% to Americans. This figure is consistent with both the historical background of the region, and the current demographics of it. According to another study in 2008, regarding the geographical origin attributed to each mtDNA haplogroup, 55% of the sequences found in Cubans are of West Eurasian origin (namely, Europe and the Middle East) and 45% of African origin<sup id="cite_ref-pmc2492877_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmc2492877-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding <a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup">Y-chromosome haplogroups</a> (male lineages), 78.8% of the sequences found in Cubans are of West Eurasian origin, 19.7% of African origin and 1.5% of East Asian origin. Among the West Eurasian fraction, the vast majority of individuals belong to West European <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)">haplogroup R1b</a>. The African lineages found in Cubans have a Western (haplogroups <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E1_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E1 (Y-DNA)">E1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E2_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E2 (Y-DNA)">E2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E1b1a_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E1b1a (Y-DNA)">E1b1a</a> ) and Northern (<a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E1b1b_(Y-DNA)#E1b1b1b_.28E-L19.2FV257.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)">E1b1b-M81</a> ) African origin. The North African haplogroup E1b1b1b (E-M81), is found at a frequency of 6.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-pmc2492877_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmc2492877-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Fregel et al. (2009), the fact that autochthonous male E-M81 and female U6 lineages from the Canaries have been detected in Cuba and Iberoamerica, demonstrates that Canary Islanders with indigenous <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanche</a> ancestors actively participated in the American colonization.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cubans_abroad">Cubans abroad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cubans abroad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States has the largest number of Cubans outside Cuba. As of 2023, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> showed a total population of 1,450,808 Cuban immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-MK_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MK-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015, 68% of Cuban-born residents of the United States have <a href="/wiki/Naturalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized">naturalized</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> automatically losing their Cuban citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Acnur_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acnur-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant populations of Cubans exist in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Hialeah,_Florida" title="Hialeah, Florida">Hialeah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> (995,439 Cubans in this state in 2017) and in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (60,381), <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (44,974), <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (35,364), <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (26,875), and Illinois (22,541) <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second largest Cuban diaspora is in Spain. As of 2019, there were 151,423 Cubans in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-K_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller numbers of Cubans live in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">*</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Mexicans" title="Cuban Mexicans">*</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-F_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the founding of the republic in 1902, a considerable migration (over 1 million) arrived from the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian peninsula">Iberian peninsula</a> to the island, between them were more than a few former Spanish soldiers who participated in the wars, and yet it never created an obstacle for the respect and affection of Cubans, who have always been proud of their origins.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2008, Spain began accepting citizenship applications from the descendants of people who went into exile after its brutal 1936-39 Civil War, part of a 2007 law meant to address the painful legacy of the conflict. This new <a href="/wiki/Historical_Memory_Law" title="Historical Memory Law">Historical Memory Law</a> has granted to more than 140,000 Cubans of <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish</a> ancestry the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish citizenship">Spanish citizenship</a>, and there were 143,048 Cubans with Spanish citizenship in Cuba and 93,004 in Spain on January 1, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-K_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the law, the descendants had until December 2011 to present themselves at the Spanish embassy in their home country and turn in documentation that proves their parents or grandparents fled Spain between 1936 and 1955. They did not need to relinquish their current citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannibles_(history)_of_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannibles (history) of Cuba (page does not exist)">Cannibles (history) of Cuba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Palm_Hotel_(Havana),_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Royal_Palm_Hotel_%28Havana%29%2C_entrance.jpg/220px-Royal_Palm_Hotel_%28Havana%29%2C_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Royal_Palm_Hotel_%28Havana%29%2C_entrance.jpg/330px-Royal_Palm_Hotel_%28Havana%29%2C_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Royal_Palm_Hotel_%28Havana%29%2C_entrance.jpg/440px-Royal_Palm_Hotel_%28Havana%29%2C_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Royal Palm Hotel Havana, entrance. ca. 1930</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuban_transport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cuban_transport.jpg/220px-Cuban_transport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cuban_transport.jpg/330px-Cuban_transport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cuban_transport.jpg/440px-Cuban_transport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Public transportation in Cuba during the <a href="/wiki/Special_Period" title="Special Period">Special Period</a> (1991–2000)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first people known to have inhabited Cuba was the <a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Siboney</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> people. They were followed by another Amerindian people, the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> who were the main population both of Cuba and other islands in <a href="/wiki/The_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Antilles">The Antilles</a> when <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> first sighted the island in 1492. He claimed the islands for Spain and Cuba became a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish colony">Spanish colony</a>. It was to remain so until 1902 apart from a brief occupation by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a> in 1762, before being returned in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enumerators,_city_of_Habana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Enumerators%2C_city_of_Habana.jpg/220px-Enumerators%2C_city_of_Habana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Enumerators%2C_city_of_Habana.jpg/330px-Enumerators%2C_city_of_Habana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Enumerators%2C_city_of_Habana.jpg/440px-Enumerators%2C_city_of_Habana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2578" data-file-height="1557" /></a><figcaption>Cuban enumerators for the 1899 census of Havana.</figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the 19th century, Spain had lost most of its American possessions and a series of <a href="/wiki/Rebellions" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebellions">rebellions</a> had shaken Cuba. This, combined with calls for annexation of Cuba in the United States, led to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, and in 1902 Cuba gained formal independence.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first decades of the 20th century, USA interests were dominant and in Cuba, leading to large influence over the island. This ended in 1959 when <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a> was ousted by <a href="/wiki/Cuban_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban revolution">revolutionaries</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>. Quickly deteriorating <a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">relations with the US</a> led to Cuba's alliance with the Soviet Union and Castro's transformation of Cuba into a declared <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist republic</a>. Cuban soldiers were <a href="/wiki/Cuban_military_internationalism" title="Cuban military internationalism">sent overseas</a> to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> in the 1970s-1980s. Castro remained in power until 2008, first as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Prime Minister</a> then from 1976 as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">President of Cuba</a>. Fidel was succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>Miguel Díaz-Canel succeeds the brothers Fidel and Raúl Castro, making him the first non-Castro leader of Cuba since the revolution in 2018.Miguel Mario Díaz-Canel y Bermúdez (Spanish: [mi.ˈɣel ˈdi.as kaˈnel]; born 20 April 1960) is a politician and engineer who is the third first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_traditions">Culture and traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture and traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Havana_Woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Havana_Woman.jpg/220px-Havana_Woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Havana_Woman.jpg/330px-Havana_Woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Havana_Woman.jpg/440px-Havana_Woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A woman smoking a cigar in <a href="/wiki/Old_Havana" title="Old Havana">Old Havana</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Culture of Cuba</a></div> <p>The culture of Cuba reflects the island's influences from various cultures, primarily <a href="/wiki/European_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="European ethnic groups">European</a> (Spanish),Taino and African. </p><p>One of the most distinctive parts of Cuban culture is <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuban music</a> and dancing, being well-known far outside the country. Well known Hispanic music styles such as <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">mambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">rumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">cha-cha-chá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">bolero</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">son</a> originated in Cuba. The origins of much of Cuban music can be found in the mix of Spanish and West African music, while American musical elements such as trombones and <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> were also significant elements in the formation of Cuban music. <a href="/wiki/Cuban_literature" title="Cuban literature">Cuban literature</a> includes some of the most well-known names of the islands, such as writer and independence hero <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a> in the late 19th century. More contemporary Cuban authors include <a href="/wiki/Da%C3%ADna_Chaviano" title="Daína Chaviano">Daína Chaviano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Juan_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Pedro Juan Gutiérrez">Pedro Juan Gutiérrez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Orlando_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Antonio Orlando Rodríguez">Antonio Orlando Rodríguez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Zoé Valdés">Zoé Valdés</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Padura_Fuentes" title="Leonardo Padura Fuentes">Leonardo Padura Fuentes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> is spoken by virtually all Cubans on the island itself. <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Cuban Spanish</a> is characterized by the reduction of several consonants, a feature that it shares with other dialects of <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Spanish" title="Caribbean Spanish">Caribbean Spanish</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>. Many Cuban-Americans, while remaining fluent in Spanish, use <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> as one of their daily languages.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Religion in Cuba</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:cyan; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6.291466725365px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:80.901699437495px 58.778525229247px 0 0; border-top-color:royalblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:royalblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:58.778525229247px 80.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Cuba (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_in_Cuba_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_Cuba-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (60%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:royalblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> Others/African Religious (11%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:cyan; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Non-religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-religious">Non-religious</a> (24%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Cuba's prevailing religion is <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>, although in some instances it is profoundly modified and influenced through <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a>. A common syncretic religion is <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, which combined the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> religion of the African slaves with some Catholicism; it shows similarities to <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a> and has been receiving a degree of official support.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> estimates that 60 percent of the population is Catholic,<sup id="cite_ref-StateDep_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDep-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 10 percent attending mass regularly,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while independent sources estimate that as few 1.5 percent of Catholics do so.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership in <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches is estimated to be 5 percent and includes <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostals">Pentecostals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterians">Presbyterians</a>, Episcopal Church of Cuba|Episcopalians, <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a> (Quakers), and <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>. Other groups include the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Catedral_exterior.jpg/220px-Catedral_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Catedral_exterior.jpg/330px-Catedral_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Catedral_exterior.jpg/440px-Catedral_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Havana_Cathedral" title="Havana Cathedral">Havana Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cuba is home to a variety of syncretic religions of largely African cultural origin. According to a US State Department report,<sup id="cite_ref-StateDep_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDep-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some sources estimate that as much as 80 percent of the population consults with practitioners of religions with West African roots, such as Santeria or Yoruba. Santería developed out of the traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a>, one of the African peoples who were imported to Cuba during the 16th through 19th centuries to work on the sugar plantations. Santería blends elements of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_African" class="mw-redirect" title="West African">West African</a> beliefs and as such made it possible for the slaves to retain their traditional beliefs while appearing to practice Catholicism. La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre (Our Lady Of Charity) is the Catholic patroness of Cuba, and is greatly revered by the Cuban people and seen as a symbol of Cuba. In Santería, she has been syncretized with the goddess <a href="/wiki/Och%C3%BAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochún">Ochún</a>. The important religious festival "La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre" is celebrated by Cubans annually on 8 September. Other religions practised are <a href="/wiki/Palo_Monte" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo Monte">Palo Monte</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abaku%C3%A1" title="Abakuá">Abakuá</a>, which have large parts of their liturgy in African languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Cuba</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cuba" title="Flag of Cuba">flag of Cuba</a> is red, white, and blue; and was first adopted by <a href="/wiki/Narciso_L%C3%B3pez" title="Narciso López">Narciso López</a> on a suggestion by the poet <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Teurbe_Tol%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Teurbe Tolón">Miguel Teurbe Tolón</a>. The design incorporates three blue stripes, representing the three provinces of the time (Oriente, Centro, and Occidente), and two white stripes symbolizing the purity of the patriotic cause. The red triangle stands for the blood shed to free the nation. The white star in the triangle stands for independence.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cuba" title="Portal:Cuba">Cuba portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuban nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Latin_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Latin Americans">Afro-Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_exile" title="Cuban exile">Cuban exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Cuban Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubans_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubans in Italy">Cubans in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuba-United States relations">Cuba-United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuban_Nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cuban Nationality">History of Cuban Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics">Hispanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cubans" title="List of Cubans">List of Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_Americans" title="List of Cuban Americans">List of Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American">Spanish American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic" class="mw-redirect" title="White Hispanic">White Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_migration_to_Miami" title="Cuban migration to Miami">Cuban migration to Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Cuban immigration to the United States">Cuban immigration to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Mexicans" title="Cuban Mexicans">Cuban Mexicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Uruguayans" title="Cuban Uruguayans">Cuban Uruguayans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_Cuba" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People of Cuba">People of Cuba</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://amp.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article290249799.html">http://amp.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article290249799.html</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.onei.gob.cu/node/13815">http://www.onei.gob.cu/node/13815</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314034430/http://www.onei.gob.cu/">Archived</a> 14 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 July 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/world/cu">"Basic Facts"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523175056/https://www.census.gov/popclock/world/cu">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Basic+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopclock%2Fworld%2Fcu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03001:+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+ORIGIN+BY+SPECIFIC+ORIGIN&g=&tid=ACSDT1Y2022.B03001">"HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+ORIGIN+BY+SPECIFIC+ORIGIN&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DB03001%3A%2BHISPANIC%2BOR%2BLATINO%2BORIGIN%2BBY%2BSPECIFIC%2BORIGIN%26g%3D%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2022.B03001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uruguay_quiere-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Uruguay_quiere_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Uruguay_quiere_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentón2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pentón, Mario J. (13 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/mundo/america-latina/cuba-es/article240164388.html">"Uruguay quiere atraer a cubanos y venezolanos, y lo está logrando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Nuevo_Herald" title="El Nuevo Herald">El Nuevo Herald</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001211249/https://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/mundo/america-latina/cuba-es/article240164388.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Nuevo+Herald&rft.atitle=Uruguay+quiere+atraer+a+cubanos+y+venezolanos%2C+y+lo+est%C3%A1+logrando&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft.aulast=Pent%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Mario+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnuevoherald.com%2Fnoticias%2Fmundo%2Famerica-latina%2Fcuba-es%2Farticle240164388.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-K-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-K_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-K_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-K_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/e245/p08/&file=pcaxis&dh=0&capsel=0">"Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute)"</a>. <i>ine.es</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725160939/https://ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/e245/p08/&file=pcaxis&dh=0&capsel=0">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ine.es&rft.atitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica.+%28National+Statistics+Institute%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fdynt3%2Finebase%2Fes%2Findex.htm%3Ftype%3Dpcaxis%26path%3D%2Ft20%2Fe245%2Fp08%2F%26file%3Dpcaxis%26dh%3D0%26capsel%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/">Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810030201">https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810030201</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224830/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810030201">Archived</a> 2 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 18 January 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada">"Canada Census Profile 2021"</a>. <i>Census Profile, 2021 Census</i>. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103201320/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census&rft.atitle=Canada+Census+Profile+2021&rft.date=2021-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLANG%3DE%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%2C4%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A000011124%26HEADERlist%3D31%26SearchText%3DCanada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DatosmcroCuba-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DatosmcroCuba_10-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://countryeconomy.com/demography/migration/emigration/cuba">https://countryeconomy.com/demography/migration/emigration/cuba</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822062146/https://countryeconomy.com/demography/migration/emigration/cuba">Archived</a> 22 August 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Data source: UN. Retrieved 22 August 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/sociedad/censo-ecuador/inmigrantes-extranjeros-paises/">https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/sociedad/censo-ecuador/inmigrantes-extranjeros-paises/</a>. Retrieved 20 September 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statista.com/statistics/890277/foreigner-numbers-by-country-of-origin-germany">"Number of foreigners in Germany from 2019 to 2022, by country of origin"</a>. 31 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+foreigners+in+Germany+from+2019+to+2022%2C+by+country+of+origin&rft.date=2022-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatista.com%2Fstatistics%2F890277%2Fforeigner-numbers-by-country-of-origin-germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.census.gov/table?q=Place+of+Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2022.B05006PR">"Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population in Puerto Rico"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927200122/https://data.census.gov/table?q=Place+of+Birth&tid=ACSDT1Y2022.B05006PR">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Place+of+Birth+for+the+Foreign-Born+Population+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DPlace%2Bof%2BBirth%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2022.B05006PR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011CensusEngWal-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011CensusEngWal_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls">"Table QS213EW: 2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales"</a>. Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223092049/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+QS213EW%3A+2011+Census%3A+Country+of+birth+%28expanded%29%2C+regions+in+England+and+Wales&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fquick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth%2Frft-qs213ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011CensusScotland-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011CensusScotland_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf">"Country of birth (detailed)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Records of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095818/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+of+birth+%28detailed%29&rft.pub=National+Records+of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcensusresults%2Frelease2a%2Frel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011CensusNI-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011CensusNI_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095516/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls">"Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI"</a>. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+of+Birth+-+Full+Detail%3A+QS206NI&rft.pub=Northern+Ireland+Statistics+and+Research+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk%2FDownload%2FCensus%25202011_Excel%2F2011%2FQS206NI.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://serviciomigraciones.cl/estudios-migratorios/estimaciones-de-extranjeros/">https://serviciomigraciones.cl/estudios-migratorios/estimaciones-de-extranjeros/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709225215/https://serviciomigraciones.cl/estudios-migratorios/estimaciones-de-extranjeros/">Archived</a> 9 July 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Estimacion de Poblacion Extranjera en Chile, al 31 de diciembre de 2019. Source: INE de Chile. Retrieved 26 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://serviciomigraciones.cl/estudios-migratorios/estimaciones-de-extranjeros/">"Estimaciones de extranjeros"</a> (in Spanish). Extranjeria.cl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709225215/https://serviciomigraciones.cl/estudios-migratorios/estimaciones-de-extranjeros/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimaciones+de+extranjeros&rft.pub=Extranjeria.cl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fserviciomigraciones.cl%2Festudios-migratorios%2Festimaciones-de-extranjeros%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion_in_Cuba-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_in_Cuba_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_in_Cuba_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prolades.com/cra/regions/caribe/cub/cub-rd.htm">"RELIGION IN CUBA"</a>. <i>Prolades.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323180332/http://www.prolades.com/cra/regions/caribe/cub/cub-rd.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prolades.com&rft.atitle=RELIGION+IN+CUBA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prolades.com%2Fcra%2Fregions%2Fcaribe%2Fcub%2Fcub-rd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/">"Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>cia.gov</i>. 18 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170744/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft.atitle=Central+America+%3A%3A+Cuba+%E2%80%94+The+World+Factbook+-+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-official_2012_Census-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-official_2012_Census_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_2012_Census_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_2012_Census_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603230454/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf">"Official 2012 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>One.cu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=One.cu&rft.atitle=Official+2012+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.one.cu%2Fpublicaciones%2Fcepde%2Fcpv2012%2F20140428informenacional%2F46_tabla_II_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official_census-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_census_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_census_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325091944/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20131107resumenadelantado/Tablas/4.pdf">"2012 Official Census - Province, City and ethnic group"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>One.cu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20131107resumenadelantado/Tablas/4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=One.cu&rft.atitle=2012+Official+Census+-+Province%2C+City+and+ethnic+group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.one.cu%2Fpublicaciones%2Fcepde%2Fcpv2012%2F20131107resumenadelantado%2FTablas%2F4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-one.cu-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-one.cu_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029082829/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/loscensos/anexo_2.pdf">"Cifras censales comparadas, 1899 - 1953"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>One.cu</i>. p. 189. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/loscensos/anexo_2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=One.cu&rft.atitle=Cifras+censales+comparadas%2C+1899+-+1953&rft.pages=189&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.one.cu%2Fpublicaciones%2Fcepde%2Floscensos%2Fanexo_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2010" class="citation book cs1">Fernandez, Nadine T. (18 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0yj7RKzfRQMC&q=2002++cuba+color+de+piel&pg=PA81"><i>Romance: Interracial Couples in Contemporary Cuba</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813549231" title="Special:BookSources/9780813549231"><bdi>9780813549231</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927200127/https://books.google.com/books?id=0yj7RKzfRQMC&q=2002++cuba+color+de+piel&pg=PA81#v=snippet&q=2002%20%20cuba%20color%20de%20piel&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romance%3A+Interracial+Couples+in+Contemporary+Cuba&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft.isbn=9780813549231&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Nadine+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0yj7RKzfRQMC%26q%3D2002%2B%2Bcuba%2Bcolor%2Bde%2Bpiel%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050600/http://www.onei.gob.cu/sites/default/files/publicacion_completa_color_de_la_piel__0.pdf">"El Color de la Piel según el Censo de Población y Viviendas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cuba Statistics and Information</i>. pp. 17–18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onei.gob.cu/sites/default/files/publicacion_completa_color_de_la_piel__0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cuba+Statistics+and+Information&rft.atitle=El+Color+de+la+Piel+seg%C3%BAn+el+Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Viviendas&rft.pages=17-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onei.gob.cu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublicacion_completa_color_de_la_piel__0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-admixture-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-admixture_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-admixture_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-admixture_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcheco-TeruelParraFuentes-SmithSalas2014" class="citation journal cs1">Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz; Parra, Esteban J.; Fuentes-Smith, Evelyn; Salas, Antonio; Buttenschøn, Henriette N.; Demontis, Ditte; Torres-Español, María; Marín-Padrón, Lilia C.; Gómez-Cabezas, Enrique J.; Álvarez-Iglesias, Vanesa; Mosquera-Miguel, Ana; Martínez-Fuentes, Antonio; Carracedo, Ángel; Børglum, Anders D.; Mors, Ole (24 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109857">"Cuba: Exploring the History of Admixture and the Genetic Basis of Pigmentation Using Autosomal and Uniparental Markers"</a>. <i>PLOS Genetics</i>. <b>10</b> (7): e1004488. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004488">10.1371/journal.pgen.1004488</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109857">4109857</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25058410">25058410</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=Cuba%3A+Exploring+the+History+of+Admixture+and+the+Genetic+Basis+of+Pigmentation+Using+Autosomal+and+Uniparental+Markers&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=e1004488&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4109857%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25058410&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004488&rft.aulast=Marcheco-Teruel&rft.aufirst=Beatriz&rft.au=Parra%2C+Esteban+J.&rft.au=Fuentes-Smith%2C+Evelyn&rft.au=Salas%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Buttensch%C3%B8n%2C+Henriette+N.&rft.au=Demontis%2C+Ditte&rft.au=Torres-Espa%C3%B1ol%2C+Mar%C3%ADa&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADn-Padr%C3%B3n%2C+Lilia+C.&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez-Cabezas%2C+Enrique+J.&rft.au=%C3%81lvarez-Iglesias%2C+Vanesa&rft.au=Mosquera-Miguel%2C+Ana&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez-Fuentes%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Carracedo%2C+%C3%81ngel&rft.au=B%C3%B8rglum%2C+Anders+D.&rft.au=Mors%2C+Ole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4109857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/minorities/afro-cubans/">"Afro-Cubans"</a>. <i>Minority Rights Group</i>. 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minority+Rights+Group&rft.atitle=Afro-Cubans&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fminorities%2Fafro-cubans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/country/cuba/">"Cuba - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples"</a>. <i>Minority Rights Group</i>. 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minority+Rights+Group&rft.atitle=Cuba+-+World+Directory+of+Minorities+%26+Indigenous+Peoples&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fcountry%2Fcuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050600/http://www.onei.gob.cu/sites/default/files/publicacion_completa_color_de_la_piel__0.pdf">"El Color de la Piel según el Censo de Población y Viviendas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cuba Statistics and Information</i>. pp. 8, 17–18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onei.gob.cu/sites/default/files/publicacion_completa_color_de_la_piel__0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cuba+Statistics+and+Information&rft.atitle=El+Color+de+la+Piel+seg%C3%BAn+el+Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Viviendas&rft.pages=8%2C+17-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onei.gob.cu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublicacion_completa_color_de_la_piel__0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/CCC&CISOPTR=1683&REC=5&CISOBOX=foreign">"Report on the Census of Cuba, Census of Cuba 1899"</a>. <i>Digital.tcl.sc.edu</i>. p. 81. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008194441/http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2FCCC&CISOPTR=1683&REC=5&CISOBOX=foreign">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital.tcl.sc.edu&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+Census+of+Cuba%2C+Census+of+Cuba+1899&rft.pages=81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.tcl.sc.edu%2Fcdm4%2Fdocument.php%3FCISOROOT%3D%2FCCC%26CISOPTR%3D1683%26REC%3D5%26CISOBOX%3Dforeign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortes-lima-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fortes-lima_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fortes-lima_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortes-LimaBybjerg-GrauholmMarin-PadrónGomez-Cabezas2018" class="citation journal cs1">Fortes-Lima, Cesar; Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas; Marin-Padrón, Lilia Caridad; Gomez-Cabezas, Enrique Javier; Bækvad-Hansen, Marie; Hansen, Christine Søholm; Phuong, Le; Hougaard, David Michael; Verdu, Paul; Mors, Ole; Parra, Esteban J.; Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz (30 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6065444">"Exploring Cuba's population structure and demographic history using genome-wide data"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>8</b> (8): 11422. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatSR...811422F">2018NatSR...811422F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-018-29851-3">10.1038/s41598-018-29851-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6065444">6065444</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061702">30061702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Exploring+Cuba%27s+population+structure+and+demographic+history+using+genome-wide+data.&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=11422&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6065444%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30061702&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-018-29851-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018NatSR...811422F&rft.aulast=Fortes-Lima&rft.aufirst=Cesar&rft.au=Bybjerg-Grauholm%2C+Jonas&rft.au=Marin-Padr%C3%B3n%2C+Lilia+Caridad&rft.au=Gomez-Cabezas%2C+Enrique+Javier&rft.au=B%C3%A6kvad-Hansen%2C+Marie&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Christine+S%C3%B8holm&rft.au=Phuong%2C+Le&rft.au=Hougaard%2C+David+Michael&rft.au=Verdu%2C+Paul&rft.au=Mors%2C+Ole&rft.au=Parra%2C+Esteban+J.&rft.au=Marcheco-Teruel%2C+Beatriz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6065444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bare_url-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bare_url_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedraza2007" class="citation book cs1">Pedraza, Silvia (17 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QCSJ61F4j34C&q=cuba+1953+census+white+73%25&pg=PA155"><i>Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521867870" title="Special:BookSources/9780521867870"><bdi>9780521867870</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927200129/https://books.google.com/books?id=QCSJ61F4j34C&q=cuba+1953+census+white+73%25&pg=PA155">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Disaffection+in+Cuba%27s+Revolution+and+Exodus&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.isbn=9780521867870&rft.aulast=Pedraza&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQCSJ61F4j34C%26q%3Dcuba%2B1953%2Bcensus%2Bwhite%2B73%2525%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222652/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Americas&month=May2007&file=World_News2007051741913.xml">"Population, birth rate falling in Cuba: Official"</a>. thepeninsulaqatar.com. Reuters. 17 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Americas&month=May2007&file=World_News2007051741913.xml">the original</a> on 26 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Population%2C+birth+rate+falling+in+Cuba%3A+Official&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepeninsulaqatar.com%2FDisplay_news.asp%3Fsection%3DWorld_News%26subsection%3DAmericas%26month%3DMay2007%26file%3DWorld_News2007051741913.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuiñones" class="citation web cs1">Quiñones, Rolando García. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213312/http://www.sela.org/public_html/AA2K2/eng/docs/coop/migra/spsmirdi12-02/spsmirdi12-2.htm">"International Migrations in Cuba: persisting trends and changes"</a>. Technical Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sela.org/public_html/AA2K2/eng/docs/coop/migra/spsmirdi12-02/spsmirdi12-2.htm">the original</a> on 20 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Migrations+in+Cuba%3A+persisting+trends+and+changes&rft.pub=Technical+Corporation&rft.aulast=Qui%C3%B1ones&rft.aufirst=Rolando+Garc%C3%ADa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sela.org%2Fpublic_html%2FAA2K2%2Feng%2Fdocs%2Fcoop%2Fmigra%2Fspsmirdi12-02%2Fspsmirdi12-2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadgett2023" class="citation web cs1">Padgett, Tim (17 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/07/17/1188181249/cubans-look-to-genealogy-as-a-way-off-the-island">"Cubans look to genealogy as a way off the island"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Cubans+look+to+genealogy+as+a+way+off+the+island&rft.date=2023-07-17&rft.aulast=Padgett&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F07%2F17%2F1188181249%2Fcubans-look-to-genealogy-as-a-way-off-the-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmc2492877-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmc2492877_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmc2492877_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendizabalSandovalBerniell-LeeCalafell2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mendizabal, Isabel; Sandoval, Karla; Berniell-Lee, Gemma; Calafell, Francesc; Salas, Antonio; Martinez-Fuentes, Antonio; Comas, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2492877">"Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 213. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008BMCEE...8..213M">2008BMCEE...8..213M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-8-213">10.1186/1471-2148-8-213</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2492877">2492877</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18644108">18644108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Genetic+origin%2C+admixture%2C+and+asymmetry+in+maternal+and+paternal+human+lineages+in+Cuba&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=213&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2492877%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18644108&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-8-213&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008BMCEE...8..213M&rft.aulast=Mendizabal&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft.au=Sandoval%2C+Karla&rft.au=Berniell-Lee%2C+Gemma&rft.au=Calafell%2C+Francesc&rft.au=Salas%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Martinez-Fuentes%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Comas%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2492877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFregelGomesGusmãoGonzález2009" class="citation journal cs1">Fregel, Rosa; Gomes, VeróNica; Gusmão, Leonor; González, Ana M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Amorim, António; Larruga, Jose M (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728732">"Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 181. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009BMCEE...9..181F">2009BMCEE...9..181F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-181">10.1186/1471-2148-9-181</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728732">2728732</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19650893">19650893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Demographic+history+of+Canary+Islands+male+gene-pool%3A+replacement+of+native+lineages+by+European&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=181&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2728732%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19650893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-181&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009BMCEE...9..181F&rft.aulast=Fregel&rft.aufirst=Rosa&rft.au=Gomes%2C+Ver%C3%B3Nica&rft.au=Gusm%C3%A3o%2C+Leonor&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+Ana+M&rft.au=Cabrera%2C+Vicente+M&rft.au=Amorim%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio&rft.au=Larruga%2C+Jose+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2728732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MK-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MK_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B05006?q=B05006%20Place%20of%20Birth%20for%20the%20Foreign-Born%20Population%20in%20the%20United%20States">https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B05006?q=B05006%20Place%20of%20Birth%20for%20the%20Foreign-Born%20Population%20in%20the%20United%20States</a>. Retrieved 8 August 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez-BarreraKrogstad2018" class="citation web cs1">Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana; Krogstad, Jens Manuel (18 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/18/naturalization-rate-among-u-s-immigrants-up-since-2005-with-india-among-the-biggest-gainers/">"Naturalization rate among U.S. immigrants up since 2005, with India among the biggest gainers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410212113/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/18/naturalization-rate-among-u-s-immigrants-up-since-2005-with-india-among-the-biggest-gainers/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naturalization+rate+among+U.S.+immigrants+up+since+2005%2C+with+India+among+the+biggest+gainers&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft.aulast=Gonzalez-Barrera&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.au=Krogstad%2C+Jens+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2018%2F01%2F18%2Fnaturalization-rate-among-u-s-immigrants-up-since-2005-with-india-among-the-biggest-gainers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acnur-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Acnur_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2001/0511.pdf?file=fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2001/0511">"Constitución de la República de Cuba, 1992"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">ACNUR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021151422/http://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2001/0511.pdf?file=fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2001/0511">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>Artículo 32.- Los cubanos no podrán ser privados de su ciudadanía, salvo por causas legalmente establecidas. Tampoco podrán ser privados del derecho a cambiar de esta. No se admitirá la doble ciudadanía. En consecuencia, cuando se adquiera una ciudadanía extranjera, se perderá la cubana. La ley establece el procedimiento a seguir para la formalización de la perdida de la ciudadanía y las autoridades facultadas para idirlo. / (English translation) Dual citizenship will not be admitted. Consequently, when foreign citizenship is acquired, Cuban citizenship will be lost.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Cuba%2C+1992&rft.pub=ACNUR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acnur.org%2Ffileadmin%2FDocumentos%2FBDL%2F2001%2F0511.pdf%3Ffile%3Dfileadmin%2FDocumentos%2FBDL%2F2001%2F0511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau" class="citation web cs1">Bureau, U. S. Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=U.+S.+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Hispanic Groups Population in USA by ORIGIN"</a>. <i>www.census.gov/</i>. 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.census.gov%2F&rft.atitle=Hispanic+Groups+Population+in+USA+by+ORIGIN&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-F_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=21&Geo=01&SO=4D">"Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218085754/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=21&Geo=01&SO=4D">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+-+Canada+%5BCountry%5D+and+Canada+%5BCountry%5D&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Fimm%2FTable.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26T%3D21%26Geo%3D01%26SO%3D4D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspinosa_Chepe2007" class="citation web cs1">Espinosa Chepe, Oscar (1 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211204447/http://cubalog.eu/index.php?id=17&news=39">"Cuba and Spain – Relations and Contradictions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cubalog.eu/index.php?id=17&news=39">the original</a> on 11 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuba+and+Spain+%E2%80%93+Relations+and+Contradictions&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.aulast=Espinosa+Chepe&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cubalog.eu%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D17%26news%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715061436/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1868934,00.html">"500,000 New Citizens for Spain?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 29 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1868934,00.html">the original</a> on 15 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=500%2C000+New+Citizens+for+Spain%3F&rft.date=2008-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1868934%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2008/12/over_400_cubans_line_up_for_sp.html">"Over 400 Cubans line up for Spanish citizenship"</a>. <i>Cleveland.com</i>. 30 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607024629/http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2008/12/over_400_cubans_line_up_for_sp.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cleveland.com&rft.atitle=Over+400+Cubans+line+up+for+Spanish+citizenship&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fworld%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F12%2Fover_400_cubans_line_up_for_sp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.websites.umich.edu/~ac213/student_projects06/dorir/cuba.html">"Cuba - Caribbean Music and Dance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuba+-+Caribbean+Music+and+Dance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.websites.umich.edu%2F~ac213%2Fstudent_projects06%2Fdorir%2Fcuba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerShahriari2016" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Terry E.; Shahriari, Andrew (19 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VEUlDwAAQBAJ&dq=cuban+music+mambo%2C+salsa%2C+rumba%2C+cha-cha-ch%C3%A1%2C+bolero%2C+and+son&pg=PA373"><i>World Music: A Global Journey</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 373. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-43437-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-43437-5"><bdi>978-1-317-43437-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Music%3A+A+Global+Journey&rft.pages=373&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.isbn=978-1-317-43437-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Terry+E.&rft.au=Shahriari%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVEUlDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcuban%2Bmusic%2Bmambo%252C%2Bsalsa%252C%2Brumba%252C%2Bcha-cha-ch%25C3%25A1%252C%2Bbolero%252C%2Band%2Bson%26pg%3DPA373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuza2017" class="citation book cs1">Cuza, Alejandro (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQ6DwAAQBAJ&q=cuban+spanish%C2%A0"><i>Cuban Spanish Dialectology: Variation, Contact, and Change</i></a>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62616-510-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62616-510-6"><bdi>978-1-62616-510-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuban+Spanish+Dialectology%3A+Variation%2C+Contact%2C+and+Change&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-62616-510-6&rft.aulast=Cuza&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-SQ6DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcuban%2Bspanish%25C2%25A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Languages">"Cuba - Spanish, Haitian Creole, Sign Language | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Cuba+-+Spanish%2C+Haitian+Creole%2C+Sign+Language+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FCuba%2FLanguages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StateDep-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StateDep_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StateDep_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091130032011/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127386.htm">"International Religious Freedom Report 2009: Cuba"</a>. US State Department. October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127386.htm">the original</a> on 30 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2009%3A+Cuba&rft.pub=US+State+Department&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2009%2F127386.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wola.org/es/comentario/comunidades_de_fe_en_cuba_primera_parte_de_la_serie_de_fondo_de_wola_sobre_la_religion_en">"Comunidades de Fe en Cuba: Primera parte de la serie de fondo de WOLA sobre la religión en Cuba"</a>. <i>Wola.org</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101224739/http://www.wola.org/es/comentario/comunidades_de_fe_en_cuba_primera_parte_de_la_serie_de_fondo_de_wola_sobre_la_religion_en">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wola.org&rft.atitle=Comunidades+de+Fe+en+Cuba%3A+Primera+parte+de+la+serie+de+fondo+de+WOLA+sobre+la+religi%C3%B3n+en+Cuba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wola.org%2Fes%2Fcomentario%2Fcomunidades_de_fe_en_cuba_primera_parte_de_la_serie_de_fondo_de_wola_sobre_la_religion_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laarena.com.ar/opinion-cada_uno_en_lo_suyo__con_coincidencias_y_discrepancias-72748-111.html">"La Pampa - Cada uno en lo suyo, con coincidencias y discrepancias"</a>. <i>Laarena.com.ar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155959/http://www.laarena.com.ar/opinion-cada_uno_en_lo_suyo__con_coincidencias_y_discrepancias-72748-111.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laarena.com.ar&rft.atitle=La+Pampa+-+Cada+uno+en+lo+suyo%2C+con+coincidencias+y+discrepancias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laarena.com.ar%2Fopinion-cada_uno_en_lo_suyo__con_coincidencias_y_discrepancias-72748-111.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Márquez_SterlingManuel_Márquez_Sterling1975" class="citation book cs1">Carlos Márquez Sterling; Manuel Márquez Sterling (1975). <i>Historia de la isla de Cuba</i>. p. 77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+isla+de+Cuba&rft.pages=77&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Carlos+M%C3%A1rquez+Sterling&rft.au=Manuel+M%C3%A1rquez+Sterling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACubans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Cuba&#124;link=Cuba_Cubans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Cuba" title="Template:People of Cuba"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Cuba" title="Template talk:People of Cuba"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Cuba" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Cuba"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Cuba&#124;link=Cuba_Cubans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Cuban">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verdean Cuban">Cape Verdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arar%C3%A1" title="Arará">Arará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga-Longoba" title="Ganga-Longoba">Ganga-Longoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Cuba" title="Americans in Cuba">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Cuban" title="Haitian Cuban">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Mexican immigration to Cuba">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Cuba" title="Uruguayans in Cuba">Uruguayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cubans" title="Chinese Cubans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Cubans" title="Filipino Cubans">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Cubans" title="Japanese Cubans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Cuba" title="Koreans in Cuba">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba" title="French immigration to Cuba">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cubans" title="Italian Cubans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_rusa_en_Cuba" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración rusa en Cuba">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_gallega_en_Cuba" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración gallega en Cuba">Galicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleño</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cubans" title="Arab Cubans">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanahatabey" title="Guanahatabey">Guanahatabey</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abor%C3%ADgenes_cubanos" class="extiw" title="es:Aborígenes cubanos">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/16px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/24px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cuba" title="Portal:Cuba">Cuba portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuba_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuba_topics" title="Template:Cuba topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuba_topics" title="Template talk:Cuba topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuba_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuba topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuba_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cuba-related_articles" title="Index of Cuba-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba" title="History of Cuba">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-Revolution" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Pre-Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cuban_history" title="Timeline of Cuban history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Cuba" title="List of colonial governors of Cuba">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Cuba" title="Slavery in Cuba">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_War_(Cuba)" title="Little War (Cuba)">Little War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)#Sinking" title="USS Maine (1889)">Sinking of USS <i>Maine</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%931959)" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_I" title="Cuba during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Cuba_hurricane" title="1932 Cuba hurricane">1932 hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba" title="United States embargo against Cuba">United States embargo against Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escambray_rebellion" title="Escambray rebellion">Escambray rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">Operation Peter Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_literacy_campaign" title="Cuban literacy campaign">Cuban literacy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Debate_(Cuba)" title="Great Debate (Cuba)">Great Debate (Cuba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Offensive" title="Revolutionary Offensive">Revolutionary Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_years" title="Grey years">Grey years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutionalization_process" title="Institutionalization process">Institutionalization process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">Cuban intervention in Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariel_boatlift" title="Mariel boatlift">Mariel boatlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectification_process" title="Rectification process">Rectification process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Period" title="Special Period">Special Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleconazo" title="Maleconazo">Maleconazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ideas" title="Battle of Ideas">Battle of Ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932008_Cuban_transfer_of_presidential_duties" title="2006–2008 Cuban transfer of presidential duties">Fidel's transfer of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">History of Havana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Havana" title="Timeline of Havana">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other cities <ul><li>Timelines: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Camag%C3%BCey" title="Timeline of Camagüey">Camagüey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cienfuegos" title="Timeline of Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Timeline of Guantánamo">Guantánamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Timeline of Holguín">Holguín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Matanzas" title="Timeline of Matanzas">Matanzas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Timeline of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cuba" title="List of cities in Cuba">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Cuba" title="Municipalities of Cuba">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cuba" title="Provinces of Cuba">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cuba" title="List of islands of Cuba">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cuba" title="List of earthquakes in Cuba">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuba_hurricanes" title="List of Cuba hurricanes">Hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Cuba" title="List of rivers of Cuba">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cuba" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cuba">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cuba" title="Politics of Cuba">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba" title="Constitution of Cuba">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cuba" title="Corruption in Cuba">Corruption in Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Cuba)" title="Council of Ministers (Cuba)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Cuba)" title="Council of State (Cuba)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cuba" title="Elections in Cuba">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cuba" title="Foreign relations of Cuba">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cuba" title="Human rights in Cuba">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Cuba" title="Censorship in Cuba">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Cuba" title="Human trafficking in Cuba">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cuba">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Cuba" title="Law of Cuba">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cuba" title="List of political parties in Cuba">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" title="National Assembly of People's Power">National Assembly of People's Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of People's Power">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Cuba">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">President of Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Cuba" title="List of heads of state of Cuba">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Cuba" title="Vice President of Cuba">Vice President of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Prime Minister of Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Cuba" title="List of heads of government of Cuba">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" title="Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Army" title="Cuban Revolutionary Army">Revolutionary Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Revolutionary Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Army" title="Cuban National Army">National Army</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Police_Force" title="National Revolutionary Police Force">National Revolutionary Police Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committees_for_the_Defense_of_the_Revolution" title="Committees for the Defense of the Revolution">Committees for the Defense of the Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Inteligencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirección General de Inteligencia">Dirección General de Inteligencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">Military Counterintelligence Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cuba" title="Economy of Cuba">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cuba" title="Agriculture in Cuba">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Reforma_Agraria" title="Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria">Agrarian reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPA_(agriculture)" title="CPA (agriculture)">Cooperatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cuba" title="Central Bank of Cuba">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_economy_of_Cuba" title="Dual economy of Cuba">Dual economy of Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_peso" title="Cuban peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_convertible_peso" title="Cuban convertible peso">Convertible peso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Cuba" title="International rankings of Cuba">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cuba" title="Tourism in Cuba">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cuba" title="Transport in Cuba">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Cubana de Aviación">airline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Society" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_art" title="Cuban art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cuba" title="Architecture of Cuba">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cigar" title="Cuban cigar">Cigars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_from_Cuba" title="Dance from Cuba">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cuba" title="Education in Cuba">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Cuba">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cuba" title="Health in Cuba">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cuba" title="Healthcare in Cuba">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Cuba" title="List of hospitals in Cuba">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Cuba" title="Internet in Cuba">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cuba" title="Internet censorship in Cuba">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_literature" title="Cuban literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Cuba" title="Mass media in Cuba">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Cuba" title="List of newspapers in Cuba">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cuba" title="Television in Cuba">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_musical_theatre" title="Cuban musical theatre">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Havana" title="Festivals in Havana">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cuba" title="Public holidays in Cuba">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Havana_Cuba" title="Radio Havana Cuba">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_Cuba" title="Rationing in Cuba">Rationing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Cuba" title="Scouting and Guiding in Cuba">Scouting and Guiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolismo" title="Sociolismo">Sociolismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cuba" title="Sport in Cuba">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Association football in Cuba">Association Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Cuba" title="Baseball in Cuba">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_in_Cuba" title="Boxing in Cuba">Boxing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Cuba" title="Women in Cuba">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cuba" title="Demographics of Cuba">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_Americans" title="List of Cuban Americans">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verdean Cuban">Cape Verdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cubans" title="Chinese Cubans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Cubans" title="Filipino Cubans">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba" title="French immigration to Cuba">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Cuban" title="Haitian Cuban">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cubans" title="Italian Cubans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Cubans" title="Japanese Cubans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Cuba" title="Koreans in Cuba">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lebanese_people_in_Cuba" title="List of Lebanese people in Cuba">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Mexican immigration to Cuba">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_architects" title="List of Cuban architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_artists" title="List of Cuban artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_athletes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cuban athletes">Athletes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Cuba" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Cuba">Baseball players</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_painters" title="List of Cuban painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_abstract_painters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cuban abstract painters">abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_writers" title="List of Cuban writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_women_writers" title="List of Cuban women writers">women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuba" title="Category:Cuba">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cuba" title="Outline of Cuba">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cuba-related_articles" title="Index of Cuba-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Cuba&#124;link=Cuba_Cuban_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuban_diaspora" title="Template:Cuban diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuban_diaspora" title="Template talk:Cuban diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Cuba&#124;link=Cuba_Cuban_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuban_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban diaspora">Cuban diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_cubana_en_Bolivia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración cubana en Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_cubana_en_Honduras" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración cubana en Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_people_in_Italy" title="Cuban people in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_immigration_to_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_cubana_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración cubana en Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_cubana_en_Rusia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración cubana en Rusia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_cubana_en_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración cubana en España">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_migration_to_Miami" title="Cuban migration to Miami">Miami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubans_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubans in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cuba"><img alt="Flag of Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/80px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/120px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/160px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195125#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195125#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195125#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/884834/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cubans"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85034639">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cubains"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11995937r">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cubains"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11995937r">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kubánci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph191039&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007535953405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10646957">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cubans&oldid=1260080265">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cubans&oldid=1260080265</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cuban_people" title="Category:Cuban people">Cuban people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caribbean" title="Category:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean">Ethnic groups in the Caribbean</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2023">Use dmy dates from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_ethnic_group_with_image_parameters" title="Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters">Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page" title="Category:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_October_2016" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from October 2016">Articles that may contain original research from October 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 18:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cubans&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-l42d6","wgBackendResponseTime":211,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.332","walltime":"1.701","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11193,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":261553,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":40640,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":33,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":224711,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1448.906 1 -total"," 29.04% 420.705 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.09% 233.095 34 Template:Cite_web"," 15.32% 221.981 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"," 9.35% 135.527 1 Template:Langx"," 8.65% 125.402 33 Template:Flagcountry"," 7.88% 114.238 2 Template:Short_description"," 6.98% 101.190 2 Template:Navbox"," 6.81% 98.697 1 Template:People_of_Cuba"," 5.90% 85.448 1 Template:Cuba_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.749","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16817083,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-678566b588-w8x74","timestamp":"20241128193353","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cubans","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cubans","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1195125","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1195125","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-17T06:41:03Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T18:46:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4a\/Map_of_the_Cuban_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg","headline":"citizens or residents of Cuba"}</script> </body> </html>