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<span>Other objects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_reconstructions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_reconstructions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern reconstructions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_reconstructions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_of_reconstructions_and_reenactors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_of_reconstructions_and_reenactors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery of reconstructions and reenactors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_of_reconstructions_and_reenactors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карникс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карникс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rnix" title="Càrnix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càrnix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnyx" title="Karnyx – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karnyx" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Celtaidd" title="Corn Celtaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Corn Celtaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BE" title="Κάρνυξ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρνυξ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnyksas" title="Karnyksas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karnyksas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карникс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карникс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carnyx" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="காரின்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரின்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карнікс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карнікс" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical instrument</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg/220px-CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg/330px-CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg/440px-CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Carnyx from the <a href="/wiki/Tintignac" title="Tintignac">Tintignac</a> group</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg/220px-Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg/330px-Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg/440px-Figures_with_horns_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Three carnyx players depicted on plate E of the <a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The ancient <b>carnyx</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">wind instrument</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celts</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200 BCE</span> and <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200 CE</span>. It was a type of <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> with an elongated S shape, held so that the long straight central portion was vertical and the short mouthpiece end section and the much wider bell were horizontal in opposed directions. The bell was styled in the shape of the head of an open-mouthed <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a> or other animal. </p><p>It was used in warfare, probably to incite troops to battle and intimidate opponents, as <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> recounts.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument's significant height allowed it to be heard over the heads of the participants in battles or ceremonies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>carnyx</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> root <i>carn-</i> or <i>cern-</i>, meaning 'antler' or 'horn,' and the same root of the name of the god <a href="/wiki/Cernunnos" title="Cernunnos">Cernunnos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <i>carn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg/220px-%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg/330px-%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg/440px-%C3%89vocationC%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie%C3%80Tintignac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Evocation of a Gallic ceremony in the sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Tintignac" title="Tintignac">Tintignac</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Age Britain">Iron Age Britain</a>, animal symbolism deliberately conveys aggressiveness and ferociousness, with examples including a <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Witham_Shield" title="Witham Shield">Witham Shield</a>, the snouted <a href="/wiki/Deskford" title="Deskford">Deskford</a> carnyx in Scotland and the dragon pair sword scabbard from the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is evidence to suggest that the carnyx would be held by a chieftain, as shown by a potential Gaulish king <a href="/wiki/Bituitus" title="Bituitus">Bituitos</a> figure.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tintignac">Tintignac</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tintignac"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, archaeologists discovered a first-century-BC Gallic pit at <a href="/wiki/Tintignac" title="Tintignac">Tintignac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>, France. The deposit contained more than 500 fragments of metal objects, including seven carnyces, one of which was nearly complete. Prior to this discovery, fragments of only five carnyces had been found, in modern-day Scotland, France, Germany, Romania, and Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four of the carnyces had boar's heads, the fifth appears to be a serpent-like monster; they appear to represent a ritual deposit dating to soon after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Gaul" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman conquest of Gaul">Roman conquest of Gaul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tintignac finds enabled some fragments found in northern Italy decades before to be identified in 2012 as coming from a carnyx.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deskford">Deskford</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deskford"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_(9487528587).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_%289487528587%29.jpg/220px-Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_%289487528587%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_%289487528587%29.jpg/330px-Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_%289487528587%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_%289487528587%29.jpg/440px-Replica_of_the_Deskford_Carnyx_%289487528587%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption>Deskford carnyx reconstruction</figcaption></figure> <p>The only example from the British Isles is the Deskford Carnyx, found at the farm of Leitchestown, <a href="/wiki/Deskford" title="Deskford">Deskford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banffshire" title="Banffshire">Banffshire</a>, Scotland in 1816. Only the boar's head bell survives, also apparently placed as a ritual deposit. It was donated to Banff Museum, and is now on loan from Aberdeenshire Museums Service to the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Scotland">Museum of Scotland</a>. The location and age of the Deskford Carnyx in the Pictish heartland suggests the instrument may have had a ceremonial use and was not used only in warfare. Before 2004 this was the best surviving example, and generally copied in earlier reconstructions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deskford find was made almost entirely of brass, a metal used almost exclusively by the Romans after their conquest of Southern Britannia and strictly controlled by them, so just as with the vast majority of Iron Age and Roman-era Celtic brass found in Britain, the carnyx may have been made "with some care" from recycled metal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based in part on the metallurgy, the Museum of Scotland give a date of 80 - 250 AD for its construction, noting that it was a locally-produced piece, "a specifically Scottish variant" distinct in design from known continental carnyces and that its "decoration is typical of metalwork in north-east Scotland at the time, where there was a flourishing tradition of fine bronze-working."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_archaeology">Roman archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roman archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roman-struck coins suggest that a war trumpet was used by the Celts, which they called a carnyx. These celtic trumpets are dissimilar to Roman trumpets that are not described as having a "monster headed extremity".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Celtic or Gaulic carnyx was used by the Celts in a similar way to how a standard functioned for the Romans and there is an example of a Dragon-headed carnyx in the base of <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The carnyx has been described as identical to a <a href="/wiki/Dacian_draco" title="Dacian draco">Dacian trumpet</a>. There is a clear similarity between Gaulish carnyx and the Dacian <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tene</a> dragon standard and jewellery with dragons and serpents.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dragon-headed carnyx also appears to be held by a Gaulic woman on the breastplate of Augustus.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The carnyx also appears on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A small bronze boar carnyx dating from the Iron Age was found in Suffolk, England in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name is known from textual sources, carnyces are reported from the Celtic attack on the <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> in 279 BC, as well as from <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s campaign in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>' invasion of <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Britain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> around 60–30 BC, wrote: </p> <dl><dd>Their trumpets again are of a peculiar barbarian kind; they blow into them and produce a harsh sound which suits the tumult of war.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objects_from_Tintignac">Objects from Tintignac</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Objects from Tintignac"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Objects found at <a href="/wiki/Tintignac" title="Tintignac">Tintignac</a> were exhibited at the 2012 exhibition "Les Gaulois, une expo renversante" (<i>The Gauls, a stunning exhibition</i>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1015px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carnyx of Tintignac, discovered in Corrèze, France"><img alt="Carnyx of Tintignac, discovered in Corrèze, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg/68px-CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg/102px-CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg/136px-CarnyxDeTintignac1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carnyx of Tintignac, discovered in <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Carnyx found at Tintignac"><img alt="A Carnyx found at Tintignac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg/160px-CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg/240px-CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg/320px-CarnyxDeTintignac2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Carnyx found at Tintignac</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Carnyx found at Tintignac"><img alt="A Carnyx found at Tintignac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg/160px-CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg/240px-CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg/320px-CarnyxDeTintignac3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Carnyx found at Tintignac</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casque in the shape of the head of a bird, found at Tintignac"><img alt="Casque in the shape of the head of a bird, found at Tintignac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg/160px-CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg/240px-CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg/320px-CasqueCygneDeTintignac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Casque in the shape of the head of a bird, found at Tintignac</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_objects">Other objects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 406px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Leichestown Deskford carnyx and reconstruction, Museum of Scotland"><img alt="The Leichestown Deskford carnyx and reconstruction, Museum of Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/87px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/130px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg/174px-Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6322.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="2767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Leichestown Deskford carnyx and reconstruction, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Scotland">Museum of Scotland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piece from a carnyx, Switzerland"><img alt="Piece from a carnyx, Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg/160px-Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg/240px-Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg/320px-Lat%C3%A9nium-oreille-carnyx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piece from a carnyx, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Age Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_reconstructions">Modern reconstructions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern reconstructions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnyx.ogg" title="File:Carnyx.ogg">"Carnyx Trumpet Call"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Carnyx.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Carnyx.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Carnyx.ogg/Carnyx.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Recording of a reconstruction of the Deskford carnyx</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The reconstruction of the Deskford Carnyx was initiated by Dr. <a href="/wiki/John_Purser_(musician)" title="John Purser (musician)">John Purser</a>, and commenced in 1991 funded jointly by the Glenfiddich Living Scotland award and the National Museums of Scotland. In addition to John Purser as musicologist, the team consisted of the archaeologist Fraser Hunter, silversmith John Creed, and trombonist <a href="/wiki/John_Kenny_(trombonist)" title="John Kenny (trombonist)">John Kenny</a>. After 2,000 years of silence the reconstructed Deskford Carnyx was unveiled at the National Museum of Scotland in April 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993 Kenny became the first person to play the carnyx in 2,000 years, and has since lectured and performed on the instrument internationally, in the concert hall, on radio, television, and film. There are numerous compositions for the carnyx and it is featured on seven CDs. On 15 March 2003 he performed solo to an audience of 65,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Stade_De_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Stade De France">Stade De France</a> in Paris. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 June 2017 "The Music of the Forest", a specially commissioned work by Lakeland composer, Christopher Gibbs, featuring a reconstructed carnyx, received its world premiere at <a href="/wiki/Slaidburn" title="Slaidburn">Slaidburn</a> Village Hall. The four-part song cycle evoked the landscape and history of the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Bowland" title="Forest of Bowland">Forest of Bowland</a> and was performed by the Renaissance Singers of <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Cathedral" title="Blackburn Cathedral">Blackburn Cathedral</a> under the direction of Samuel Hudson. The carnyx was played by John Kenny.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery_of_reconstructions_and_reenactors">Gallery of reconstructions and reenactors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery of reconstructions and reenactors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1218px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_(Ancient_Briton).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American reenactor"><img alt="American reenactor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_%28Ancient_Briton%29.jpg/160px-Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_%28Ancient_Briton%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_%28Ancient_Briton%29.jpg/240px-Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_%28Ancient_Briton%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_%28Ancient_Briton%29.jpg/320px-Ancient_Celt_with_carnyx_%28Ancient_Briton%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">American reenactor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French museum display"><img alt="French museum display" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg/105px-Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg/157px-Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg/210px-Bibracte_Dumnorix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French museum display</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Deskford reconstruction at the Museum of Scotland"><img alt="The Deskford reconstruction at the Museum of Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg/105px-NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg/157px-NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg/210px-NMoS_Carnyx_war-horn_at_museum%27s_reopening_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Deskford reconstruction at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Scotland">Museum of Scotland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German reconstructions"><img alt="German reconstructions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg/105px-Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg/157px-Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg/210px-Hallein_Keltenmuseum_-_Lure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German reconstructions</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="French reconstruction"><img alt="French reconstruction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG/160px-Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG/240px-Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG/320px-Carnyx_Arverniales_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French reconstruction</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French reconstruction"><img alt="French reconstruction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg/62px-Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg" decoding="async" width="62" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg/94px-Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg/125px-Carnyx_bagad_arduina12200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French reconstruction</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The carnyx is featured in the opening battle scene of <i><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a></i> (2000); and is used as both a musical instrument and a fear-inducing weapon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It appears in several battle scenes of the French film, <i><a href="/wiki/Druids_(film)" title="Druids (film)">Druids</a></i> (2001).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A carnyx appears near the beginning of the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a> computer-animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_(2012_film)" title="Brave (2012 film)">Brave</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The carnyx is used in the Gallic soundtrack in <a href="/wiki/Sid_Meier" title="Sid Meier">Sid Meier</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Civilization_VI" title="Civilization VI">Civilization VI</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dord_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dord (musical instrument)">Dord (musical instrument)</a>, another type of Celtic trumpet that has been revived</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur" title="Lur">Lur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Draco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian Draco">Dacian Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draco_(military_standard)" title="Draco (military standard)">Draco (military standard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabura-ya" title="Kabura-ya">Kabura-ya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.29">Polybius. The Histories 2.29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delmarre, 1987, pp. 106–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html?carn">"Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geiriadur+Prifysgol+Cymru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeiriadur.ac.uk%2Fgpc%2Fgpc.html%3Fcarn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrow2008" class="citation book cs1">Garrow, Duncan (1 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZj9AwAAQBAJ&dq=deskford+carnyx+dragon&pg=PA65"><i>Rethinking Celtic Art</i></a>. Oxbow Books. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-318-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-318-3"><bdi>978-1-84217-318-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Celtic+Art&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.isbn=978-1-84217-318-3&rft.aulast=Garrow&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlZj9AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddeskford%2Bcarnyx%2Bdragon%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegaw1970" class="citation book cs1">Megaw, J. V. S. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ibGfAAAAMAAJ&q=carnyx+chief"><i>Art of the European Iron Age: A Study of the Elusive Image</i></a>. Adams & Dart. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-239-00019-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-239-00019-4"><bdi>978-0-239-00019-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+the+European+Iron+Age%3A+A+Study+of+the+Elusive+Image&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Adams+%26+Dart&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-239-00019-4&rft.aulast=Megaw&rft.aufirst=J.+V.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DibGfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dcarnyx%2Bchief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdministrator" class="citation web cs1">Administrator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emaproject.eu/content/instruments/the-carnyx-from-tintignac.html">"The Carnyx from Tintignac"</a>. <i>www.emaproject.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.emaproject.eu&rft.atitle=The+Carnyx+from+Tintignac&rft.au=Administrator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emaproject.eu%2Fcontent%2Finstruments%2Fthe-carnyx-from-tintignac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120901175824/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/local_news/france-trumpets-discovery-of-gallic-war-trophies-14434.html">"Press report"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/local_news/france-trumpets-discovery-of-gallic-war-trophies-14434.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatica.com%2Ffr%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Ffrance-trumpets-discovery-of-gallic-war-trophies-14434.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2012/11/15/Ancient-Celtic-war-horn-found-in-Italy/UPI-43251353006605/">UPI.com</a> Carnyx identified in Italy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue2/dungworth_index.html">"Internet Archaeol 2. Dungworth. Home Page"</a>. April 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Archaeol+2.+Dungworth.+Home+Page&rft.date=1997-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintarch.ac.uk%2Fjournal%2Fissue2%2Fdungworth_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoryread" class="citation web cs1">History, Scottish; read, Archaeology 3 min. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/deskford-carnyx/">"Deskford carnyx"</a>. <i>National Museums Scotland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+Scotland&rft.atitle=Deskford+carnyx&rft.aulast=History&rft.aufirst=Scottish&rft.au=read%2C+Archaeology+3+min&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nms.ac.uk%2Fexplore-our-collections%2Fstories%2Fscottish-history-and-archaeology%2Fdeskford-carnyx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0VwUAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Numismatic Chronicle, and Journal of the Numismatic Society</i></a>. Tayor & Walton. 1865. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Numismatic+Chronicle%2C+and+Journal+of+the+Numismatic+Society&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Tayor+%26+Walton&rft.date=1865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0VwUAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinnee2018" class="citation book cs1">Kinnee, Lauren (12 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=skpnDwAAQBAJ&dq=carnyx+dragon&pg=PT181"><i>The Greek and Roman Trophy: From Battlefield Marker to Icon of Power</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-84657-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-84657-8"><bdi>978-1-351-84657-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+and+Roman+Trophy%3A+From+Battlefield+Marker+to+Icon+of+Power&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.isbn=978-1-351-84657-8&rft.aulast=Kinnee&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DskpnDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcarnyx%2Bdragon%26pg%3DPT181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPârvan1928" class="citation book cs1">Pârvan, Vasile (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ynk6AAAAIAAJ&dq=carnyx+draco&pg=PA126"><i>Dacia: An Outline of the Early Civilizations of the Carpatho-Danubian Countries</i></a>. CUP Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dacia%3A+An+Outline+of+the+Early+Civilizations+of+the+Carpatho-Danubian+Countries&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=P%C3%A2rvan&rft.aufirst=Vasile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYnk6AAAAIAAJ%26dq%3Dcarnyx%2Bdraco%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennerStichele2007" class="citation book cs1">Penner, Todd C.; Stichele, Caroline Vander (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2udV9fAz1UkC&dq=carnyx+dragon&pg=PA132"><i>Mapping Gender in Ancient Religious Discourses</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15447-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15447-6"><bdi>978-90-04-15447-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+Gender+in+Ancient+Religious+Discourses&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15447-6&rft.aulast=Penner&rft.aufirst=Todd+C.&rft.au=Stichele%2C+Caroline+Vander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2udV9fAz1UkC%26dq%3Dcarnyx%2Bdragon%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&dq=gundestrup+carnyx&pg=PA345"><i>Celtic Culture: A-Celti</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. 2006. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A-Celti&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26dq%3Dgundestrup%2Bcarnyx%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-59492296">"Rare Bardwell Iron Age trumpet sells for more than £4k"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rare+Bardwell+Iron+Age+trumpet+sells+for+more+than+%C2%A34k&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-suffolk-59492296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <i>Histories</i>: 5.30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sound-scotland.co.uk/site/2007/artists/KennyJohn.htm">"Details - Sound Scotland"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details+-+Sound+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsound-scotland.co.uk%2Fsite%2F2007%2Fartists%2FKennyJohn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sound-scotland.co.uk/site/2007/artists/KennyJohn.htm">"Details - Sound Scotland"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details+-+Sound+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsound-scotland.co.uk%2Fsite%2F2007%2Fartists%2FKennyJohn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lancashire.gov.uk/news/details.aspx?Id=PR17/0137">"Details - Lancashire County Council"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details+-+Lancashire+County+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lancashire.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Fdetails.aspx%3FId%3DPR17%2F0137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarnyx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Delmarre, Xavier (2003) <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise</i> (2nd ed.) Paris: Editions Errance. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87772-237-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-87772-237-6">2-87772-237-6</a></li> <li>Hunter, Fraser (of Museum of Scotland), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051226184509/http://www.carnyx.musicscotland.com/carnyx/carnyx.htm">Carnyx and Co</a>- piece by Hunter on the carnyx</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnyx&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Carnyx</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carnyx" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Carnyx">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carnyx" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Carnyx">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carnyx" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Carnyx">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Carnyx" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Carnyx">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music"><i>Ancient Celtic music</i></a> in the <i>Citizendium</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnyxscotland.co.uk/">Carnyx and co. Carnyx music</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217060708/http://www.limousin.culture.gouv.fr/spip.php?article122&var_recherche=tintignac">Tintignac discoveries</a> (in French, with photos)</li> <li>Carnyx on a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kernunnos.com/culture/warriors/trophiesAV.jpe">gold stater</a> of Caesar and on a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kernunnos.com/culture/warriors/gallia.jpe">silver denarius</a>, both from 48 BC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-59492296">Rare Bardwell Iron Age trumpet sells for more than £4k</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Bass_trumpet" title="Bass trumpet">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_trumpet" title="Piccolo trumpet">Piccolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_trumpet" title="Pocket trumpet">Pocket trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_trumpet" title="Fanfare trumpet">Fanfare trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebird_(trumpet)" title="Firebird (trumpet)">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumpet" title="Flumpet">Flumpet</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">Cornet</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_cornet" title="Soprano cornet">Soprano cornet</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">Horn</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugle" title="Bugle">Bugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_horn" title="German horn">German horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_tuba" title="Wagner tuba">Wagner tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_trombone" title="Contrabass trombone">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_trombone" title="Bass trombone">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_trombone" title="Alto trombone">Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_trombone" title="Soprano trombone">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbone" title="Superbone">Superbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbasso" title="Cimbasso">Cimbasso</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saxhorn" title="Saxhorn">Saxhorn</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_horn" title="Tenor horn">Alto/Tenor horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">Flugelhorn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhlohorn" title="Kuhlohorn">Kuhlohorn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">Tuba</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subcontrabass_tuba" title="Subcontrabass tuba">Subcontrabass tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium" title="Euphonium">Euphonium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_bell_euphonium" title="Double bell euphonium">Double bell euphonium</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornett" title="Cornett">Cornett</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornettino" title="Cornettino">Cornettino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_cornett" title="Mute cornett">Mute cornett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_cornett" title="Tenor cornett">Tenor cornett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornu_(horn)" title="Cornu (horn)">Cornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dord_(instrument)" title="Dord (instrument)">Dord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">Natural trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_trumpet" title="Baroque trumpet">Baroque trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">Buccina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_trumpet" title="Slide trumpet">Slide trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccin" title="Buccin">Buccin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackbut" title="Sackbut">Sackbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicon_(instrument)" title="Helicon (instrument)">Helicon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_helicon" title="Soprano helicon">Soprano helicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophicleide" title="Ophicleide">Ophicleide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_(instrument)" title="Serpent (instrument)">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudrophone" title="Sudrophone">Sudrophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxtuba" title="Saxtuba">Saxtuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxotromba" title="Saxotromba">Saxotromba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka_(instrument)" title="Bazooka (instrument)">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazzophone" title="Jazzophone">Jazzophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphorn" title="Alphorn">Alphorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabal_(instrument)" title="Nabal (instrument)">Nabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">Vuvuzela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyele" title="Nyele">Nyele</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_horn" title="Tibetan horn">Tibetan horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazza" title="Wazza">Wazza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marching_brass" title="Marching brass"> Marching</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellophone" title="Mellophone">Mellophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn#Marching_baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Marching baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium#Marching" title="Euphonium">Marching euphonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombonium" title="Trombonium">Trombonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">Sousaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_bugle" title="Contrabass bugle">Contrabass bugle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts/technique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">Valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piston_valve" title="Piston valve">Piston valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">Rotary valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_(music)#Brass" title="Mute (music)">Mutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">Hand-stopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">Embouchure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthpiece_(brass)" title="Mouthpiece (brass)">Mouthpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falset_(music)" title="Falset (music)">Falset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_tone" title="Pedal tone">Pedal tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_oil" title="Valve oil">Valve oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadpipe" title="Leadpipe">Leadpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_key" title="Water key">Water key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_flow_valve" title="Axial flow valve">Axial flow valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonic series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_brass_band" title="British brass band">British brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_quintet" title="Brass quintet">Brass quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(classic)" title="Drum and bugle corps (classic)">Drum and bugle corps (classic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(modern)" title="Drum and bugle corps (modern)">Drum and bugle corps (modern)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trumpeters" title="List of trumpeters">(all) Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Jazz trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_players" title="List of horn players">Horn players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_trombonists" title="List of classical trombonists">Classical trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Jazz trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_euphonium_players" title="List of euphonium players">Euphonium players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tubists" title="List of tubists">Tubists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_of_brass_instruments" title="Pitch of brass instruments">Pitch of brass instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_section" title="Brass section">Brass section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_euphonium,_baritone_horn_and_tenor_horn_manufacturers" title="List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers">List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Natural_horns_and_trumpets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Natural_horns_and_trumpets" title="Template:Natural horns and trumpets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Natural_horns_and_trumpets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Natural horns and trumpets (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Natural_horns_and_trumpets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Natural horns and trumpets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Natural_horns_and_trumpets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">trumpets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphorn" title="Alphorn">Alphorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_trumpet" title="Birch trumpet">Birch trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">Buccina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucium" title="Bucium">Bucium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugle" title="Bugle">Bugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisine" title="Buisine">Buisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukkehorn" title="Bukkehorn">Bukkehorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazozra" title="Chazozra">Chazozra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conch_(instrument)" title="Conch (instrument)">Conch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakgediya" title="Hakgediya">Hakgediya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horagai" title="Horagai">Horagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagak" title="Nagak">Nagak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steerhorn" title="Steerhorn">Cowhorn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cowhorn" title="Swedish cowhorn">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo">Didgeridoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_didgeridoo_designs" title="Modern didgeridoo designs">modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dord_(instrument)" title="Dord (instrument)">Dord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">Embouchure</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">hand-stopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erke" title="Erke">Erke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnal_(instrument)" title="Karnal (instrument)">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">Karnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituus" title="Lituus">Lituus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur" title="Lur">Lur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brudev%C3%A6lte_Lurs" title="Brudevælte Lurs">Brudevælte Lurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwinter_horn" title="Midwinter horn">Midwinter horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyele" title="Nyele">Nyele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olifant_(instrument)" title="Olifant (instrument)">Olifant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsinga">Ramsinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_tuba" title="Roman tuba">Roman tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salpinx" title="Salpinx">Salpinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shofar_blowing" title="Shofar blowing">Rosh Hashanah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_horn" title="Tibetan horn">Tibetan horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochacatl" title="Tochacatl">Tochacatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trembita" title="Trembita">Trembita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_trumpet" title="Tube trumpet">Tube trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">Vuvuzela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqra_phuku" title="Waqra phuku">Waqra phuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazza" title="Wazza">Wazza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celtic studies</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (<span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Breizh</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Kernow</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Éire</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (<span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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