CINXE.COM
Search
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>Search </title> <meta name="googlebot" content="NOODP" /> <meta name="HW.ad-path" content="/search" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/shared/css/hw-global.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/shared/css/hw-print.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/shared/css/standard-designs/design2/main.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/shared/css/standard-designs/design2/main.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/publisher/css/hw-cshljnls-global.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/shared/css/hw-citation-2.0-hacks.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/publisher/css/hw-cshljnls-print.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/local/css/hw-local-global.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/shared/css/hw-page-search.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/publisher/css/hw-cshljnls-search.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/local/css/hw-local-search.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="/site/misc/custom-global.css" /><script type="text/javascript" id="session-d16215876e1">var callbackToken='40452AFDFA2463A';</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/shared/js/jquery-min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/shared/js/fingerprint.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/shared/js/hw-shared.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/shared/js/design/hw-design1.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/publisher/js/cshl-shared.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/local/js/hw-local-global.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/site/misc/custom-global.js"></script></head> <body> <div class="hw-gen-page" id="pageid-search"> <div id="header"> <a class="header-logo" href="/"><img title="Cold Spring Harbor Protocols" alt="Cold Spring Harbor Protocols" class="header-logo" width="387" height="83" src="/local/img/journal_logo.gif" /></a> <p id="skip-link"> <a href="#content-block">Skip to main page content</a> </p> <ul class="button-list header-buttons"> <li class="first"><a href="/" title="HOME"><span>HOME</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/misc/about.xhtml" title="ABOUT"><span>ABOUT</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/misc/subject.xhtml" title="SUBJECT CATEGORIES"><span>SUBJECT CATEGORIES</span></a></li> <li><a href="/content/by/year" title="ARCHIVE"><span>ARCHIVE</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/subscriptions/" title="SUBSCRIBE"><span>SUBSCRIBE</span></a></li> <li class="advertise"><a href="/site/misc/Protocols_Media_Kit.pdf" title="ADVERTISE"><span>ADVERTISE</span></a></li> <li><a href="/cgi/feedback" title="FEEDBACK"><span>FEEDBACK</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/help/" title="HELP"><span>HELP</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="header-qs"> <form class="searchbox" action="/search" method="get"> <div> <label for="header-qs-input" id="header-qs-search-label">Search for Keyword:</label> <input value="" title="Search Cold Spring Harbor Protocols" type="text" name="fulltext" id="header-qs-input" /><input type="hidden" name="submit" value="yes" /><label for="header-qs-search" id="header-qs-search-label">GO</label><input value="GO" alt="Link: Go" type="image" id="header-qs-search-go" src="/shared/img/standard-design/design2/go.gif" /> </div> <div class="adv-search-link"><a href="/search">Advanced Search</a></div> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="protocol" /> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="recipe" /> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="topic introduction" /> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="emerging model organisms" /> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="product protocol" /> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="kit" /> <input type="hidden" name="tocsectionid" class="search-section" value="information panel" /> </form> </div> <div class="header-ac-elements"> <div class="inst-branding"> </div> <div id="authstring" class="suppress-header-login"> </div> <div id="hdr-login" class="suppress-header-login"></div> </div> <div class="banner-ads"> <ul> <li><a href="/cgi/adclick/?ad=57916&adclick=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fadvansta.com%2Fproducts%2Fprotein-stain-AdvanStain-Ponceau%2F" target="_blank"><img class="adborder0" title="Advansta" src="//cshprotocols.cshlp.org/adsystem/graphics/9353548617179995/protocols/CSHL_Leader_AdvanStain_Ponceau.gif?ad=57916&adview=true" alt="Advansta" /></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="bar"> <div class="bar-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div id="content-block"> <form id="adv-search" action="" method="get"> <h1>Search</h1> <div class="search-buttons"> <input type="hidden" name="submit" value="yes" /> <input type="reset" class="search-reset" name="reset" value="Clear" /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /> </div> <div class="search-date-range"> <span class="date-range-type">Full Text:</span> <span class="date-range-start"> June 2006 </span> - <span class="date-range-end">present</span> </div> <fieldset class="search-citation"></fieldset> <fieldset class="search-doi"> <legend>Specify DOI</legend> <span class="search-options"> <input type="text" id="adv-search-citation-doi" name="doi" value="" /> <label for="adv-search-citation-doi"><span class="search-note">e.g., 10.9999/123XYZ456</span></label> </span> </fieldset> <fieldset class="search-text"> <legend> Specify Authors, Key Words </legend> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="search-field-name"><label for="adv-search-citation-author1">Author</label></td> <td><input type="text" id="adv-search-citation-author1" name="author1" value="" /></td> <td><span class="search-note"> e.g., Smith, JS</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="search-field-name"><label for="adv-search-citation-author2">Author</label></td> <td><input type="text" id="adv-search-citation-author2" name="author2" value="" /></td> <td><span class="search-note"> e.g., Smith, JS</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="search-field-name"><label for="adv-search-citation-title">Title</label></td> <td><input type="text" id="adv-search-citation-title" name="title" value="" /></td> <td> <div class="search-note">words: <ul class="search-options search-boolean"> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-title-any" name="andorexacttitle" value="or" /><label for="adv-search-bool-title-any">any</label></li> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-title-all" name="andorexacttitle" value="and" checked="checked" /><label for="adv-search-bool-title-all">all</label></li> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-title-phrase" name="andorexacttitle" value="phrase" /><label for="adv-search-bool-title-phrase">phrase</label></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="search-field-name"><label for="adv-search-citation-abstract-title">Abstract | Title</label></td> <td><input type="text" id="adv-search-citation-abstract-title" name="titleabstract" value="" /></td> <td> <div class="search-note">words: <ul class="search-options search-boolean"> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-abstract-title-any" name="andorexacttitleabs" value="or" /><label for="adv-search-bool-abstract-title-any">any</label></li> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-abstract-title-all" name="andorexacttitleabs" value="and" checked="checked" /><label for="adv-search-bool-abstract-title-all">all</label></li> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-abstract-title-phrase" name="andorexacttitleabs" value="phrase" /><label for="adv-search-bool-abstract-title-phrase">phrase</label></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="search-field-name"><label for="adv-search-citation-text-abstract-title">Text | Abstract | Title</label></td> <td><input type="text" id="adv-search-citation-text-abstract-title" name="fulltext" /></td> <td> <div class="search-note"> words: <ul class="search-options search-boolean"> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-text-abstract-title-any" name="andorexactfulltext" value="or" /><label for="adv-search-bool-text-abstract-title-any">any</label></li> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-text-abstract-title-all" name="andorexactfulltext" value="and" checked="checked" /><label for="adv-search-bool-text-abstract-title-all">all</label></li> <li><input type="radio" id="adv-search-bool-text-abstract-title-phrase" name="andorexactfulltext" value="phrase" /><label for="adv-search-bool-text-abstract-title-phrase">phrase</label></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </fieldset> <fieldset class="search-limit-by-date search-limit-by-section"> <legend>Limit Results</legend> <div class="limit-by-date"> Limit to dates between: <label for="hwForm_limit1_fday">From Month</label> <select name="fmonth" id="hwForm_limit1_fday"> <option value="" selected="selected"></option> <option value="Jan">Jan</option> <option value="Feb">Feb</option> <option value="Mar">Mar</option> <option value="Apr">Apr</option> <option value="May">May</option> <option value="Jun">Jun</option> <option value="Jul">Jul</option> <option value="Aug">Aug</option> <option value="Sep">Sep</option> <option value="Oct">Oct</option> <option value="Nov">Nov</option> <option value="Dec">Dec</option> </select> <label for="hwForm_limit1_fyear">From Year</label> <select name="fyear" id="hwForm_limit1_fyear"> <option value="" selected="selected"></option> <option value="2006">2006</option> <option value="2007">2007</option> <option value="2008">2008</option> <option value="2009">2009</option> <option value="2010">2010</option> <option value="2011">2011</option> <option value="2012">2012</option> <option value="2013">2013</option> <option value="2014">2014</option> <option value="2015">2015</option> <option value="2016">2016</option> <option value="2017">2017</option> <option value="2018">2018</option> <option value="2019">2019</option> <option value="2020">2020</option> <option value="2021">2021</option> <option value="2022">2022</option> <option value="2023">2023</option> <option value="2024">2024</option> <option value="2025">2025</option> </select> and <label for="hwForm_limit2_fday">Through Month</label> <select name="tmonth" id="hwForm_limit2_fday"> <option value="" selected="selected"></option> <option value="Jan">Jan</option> <option value="Feb">Feb</option> <option value="Mar">Mar</option> <option value="Apr">Apr</option> <option value="May">May</option> <option value="Jun">Jun</option> <option value="Jul">Jul</option> <option value="Aug">Aug</option> <option value="Sep">Sep</option> <option value="Oct">Oct</option> <option value="Nov">Nov</option> <option value="Dec">Dec</option> </select> <label for="hwForm_limit2_fyear">Through Year</label> <select name="tyear" id="hwForm_limit2_fyear"> <option value="" selected="selected"></option> <option value="2025">2025</option> <option value="2024">2024</option> <option value="2023">2023</option> <option value="2022">2022</option> <option value="2021">2021</option> <option value="2020">2020</option> <option value="2019">2019</option> <option value="2018">2018</option> <option value="2017">2017</option> <option value="2016">2016</option> <option value="2015">2015</option> <option value="2014">2014</option> <option value="2013">2013</option> <option value="2012">2012</option> <option value="2011">2011</option> <option value="2010">2010</option> <option value="2009">2009</option> <option value="2008">2008</option> <option value="2007">2007</option> <option value="2006">2006</option> </select> </div> <div class="limit-by-section"> <label for="hwForm-limit-by-section">Limit to articles in:</label> <div id="hwForm-limit-by-section"> <div id="tocsectionid-col-1" class="tocsectionid-col"><span class="form-control-checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="tocsectionid" id="tocsectionid-item1" value="Protocol" checked="checked" /><label for="tocsectionid-item1">Protocols</label></span><span class="form-control-checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="tocsectionid" id="tocsectionid-item2" value="Recipe" checked="checked" /><label for="tocsectionid-item2">Recipes</label></span><span class="form-control-checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="tocsectionid" id="tocsectionid-item3" value="Topic Introduction" checked="checked" /><label for="tocsectionid-item3">Topic Introductions</label></span></div> <div id="tocsectionid-col-2" class="tocsectionid-col"><span class="form-control-checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="tocsectionid" id="tocsectionid-item4" value="Emerging Model Organisms" checked="checked" /><label for="tocsectionid-item4">Emerging Model Organisms</label></span><span class="form-control-checkbox"><input type="checkbox" name="tocsectionid" id="tocsectionid-item5" value="Information Panel" checked="checked" /><label for="tocsectionid-item5">Information Panels</label></span></div> <div class="sb-div"></div> </div> </div> </fieldset> <fieldset class="search-result-format"> <legend>Format Results</legend> <div class="search-results-format-types"> <input type="radio" name="format" value="standard" checked="checked" id="result-format-standard" /><label for="result-format-standard">standard format</label> <input type="radio" name="format" value="condensed" id="result-format-condensed" /><label for="result-format-condensed">condensed format</label> </div> <div class="search-results-number-of-results"> <label for="hwForm-number-of-results"> View <select name="hits" id="hwForm-number-of-results"> <option selected="selected">10</option> <option>25</option> <option>50</option> <option>75</option> <option>100</option> <option>125</option> </select> <span class="result-per-page">results per page</span> </label> </div> <div class="search-results-sort-by"> <span>Sort:</span> <input type="radio" name="sortspec" value="relevance" checked="checked" id="result-sort-best" /><label for="result-sort-best">best match</label> <input type="radio" name="sortspec" value="date" id="result-sort-newest" /><label for="result-sort-newest">newest first</label> <input type="radio" name="sortspec" value="reverse-date" id="result-sort-earliest" /><label for="result-sort-earliest">earliest first</label> </div> </fieldset> <div class="search-buttons"> <input type="hidden" name="submit" value="yes" /> <input type="reset" class="search-reset" name="reset" value="Clear" /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /> </div> </form> <div class="block-2 sb-div"></div> <div class="tabbedSearch"> <div id="normal-search-results"></div> </div> </div> <div id="col-2"> <div class="sidebar"> <h4><span>Help</span></h4> <ul> <li><a href="/help/search_help.dtl">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/help/search_help.dtl#strategies">Main search strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/help/search_help.dtl#phrases">Advanced search syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/help/search_help.dtl#errors">Search errors</a></li> </ul> </div> <ul class="tower-ads"> <li class="no-ad tower_col_2"><span> </span></li> </ul> </div> <div id="col-3"> <div class="content-box" id="sidebar-current-issue"> <div class="cb-contents"> <h3 class="cb-contents-header"><span>Current Issue</span></h3> <div class="cb-section"> <ol> <li><span><a href="/content/current" rel="current-issue">March 2025, 2025 (3)</a></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="cb-section"> <ol> <li> <div class="current-issue"><a href="/content/current" rel="current-issue"><img src="/content/2025/3.cover.gif" width="67" height="89" alt="Current Issue" /></a></div> </li> </ol> </div> <cb:item xmlns:cb="http://schema.highwire.org/Site/Content-Box"> <div class="cb-section collapsible default-closed" id="sidebar-cur-issue-coverlines"> <h4 class="cb-section-header"> <span>From the cover</span> </h4> <ul> <li> <a href="/content/2025/3.cover-expansion">An ear of maize segregating for an active transposable element</a> </li> </ul> </div> </cb:item> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar-global-nav"> <ul class="button-list pub-links"> <li class="first"><a href="/site/misc/sample.xhtml" title="Featured Articles"><span>Featured Articles</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/misc/subject.xhtml" title="Subject Categories"><span>Subject Categories</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/recipes/" title="Recipes"><span>Recipes</span></a></li> <li><a href="/content/by/year" title="Archive by Date"><span>Archive by Date</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/misc/alertland.xhtml" title="Alerts and RSS Feeds"><span>Alerts and RSS Feeds</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cshlpress.com/library/?hwinfo" title="Recommend to Your Library"><span>Recommend to Your Library</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="http://www.cshlpress.com/permission_form.tpl" title="Permissions"><span>Permissions</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <ul class="tower-ads"> <li><a href="/cgi/adclick/?ad=57918&adclick=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fproducts.advansta.com%2FWesternBright-Quantum%2F" target="_blank"><img class="adborder0" title="Advansta" src="//cshprotocols.cshlp.org/adsystem/graphics/5684297258069385/protocols/CSHL-Tower_Quantum_160x800.gif?ad=57918&adview=true" alt="Advansta" /></a></li> </ul> <div id="col-3-widget-placeholder" style="padding-top:25px;"> <table style="border-spacing: 6px;font-size: 80%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding-bottom:6px;padding-top:2px;padding-left:12px;padding-right:12px;vertical-align:top;"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="bar"> <div class="footer-group footer-col-left"> <ul class="button-list footer-buttons"> <li class="first"><a href="/" title="Home"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/misc/about.xhtml" title="About"><span>About</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/misc/subject.xhtml" title="Subject Categories"><span>Subject Categories</span></a></li> <li><a href="/content/by/year" title="Archive"><span>Archive</span></a></li> <li><a href="/site/subscriptions/" title="Subscribe"><span>Subscribe</span></a></li> <li class="advertise"><a href="/site/misc/Protocols_Media_Kit.pdf" title="ADVERTISE"><span>Advertise</span></a></li> <li><a href="/cgi/feedback" title="Feedback"><span>Feedback</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="/help/" title="Help"><span>Help</span></a></li> </ul> <p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.cshlpress.org" rel="external-nw">Copyright 漏 2025 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. </a><a href="/site/misc/terms.xhtml">Terms of Service.</a></p> </div> <div class="footer-group footer-col-right"> <ul class="issns"> <li> <span>Print ISSN: </span> <span class="issn">1940-3402</span> </li> <li> <span>Online ISSN: </span> <span class="issn">1559-6095</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="block-2 sb-div"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write(unescape("%3Cscript async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-2PGLYYM50V'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-2PGLYYM50V'); </script> </div><script type="text/javascript"> document.write(unescape("%3Cscript async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-1CWXPJ6EVC'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-1CWXPJ6EVC'); </script></div> </body> </html>