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class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Raku_anatoomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raku_anatoomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Raku anatoomia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Raku_anatoomia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Raku anatoomia"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Raku_anatoomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rakumembraan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rakumembraan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rakumembraan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rakumembraan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vibur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vibur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Vibur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vibur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitokonder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitokonder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mitokonder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitokonder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsütoplasma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsütoplasma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tsütoplasma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsütoplasma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rakutuum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rakutuum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Rakutuum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rakutuum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karüoplasma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karüoplasma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Karüoplasma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karüoplasma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kromosoom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kromosoom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Kromosoom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kromosoom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuumaümbris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuumaümbris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Tuumaümbris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuumaümbris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuumapoor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuumapoor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Tuumapoor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuumapoor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuumake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuumake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Tuumake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuumake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ribosoom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ribosoom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Ribosoom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ribosoom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golgi_kompleks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golgi_kompleks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Golgi kompleks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golgi_kompleks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vesiikul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vesiikul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Vesiikul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vesiikul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsütoskelett" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsütoskelett"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Tsütoskelett</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsütoskelett-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mikrofilamendid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikrofilamendid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Mikrofilamendid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikrofilamendid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vakuool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vakuool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Vakuool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vakuool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lüsosoom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lüsosoom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Lüsosoom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lüsosoom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peroksüsoom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peroksüsoom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>Peroksüsoom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peroksüsoom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsentrosoom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsentrosoom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Tsentrosoom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsentrosoom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuumaniidistik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuumaniidistik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Tuumaniidistik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuumaniidistik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsentriool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsentriool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>Tsentriool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsentriool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsütoplasmavõrgustik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsütoplasmavõrgustik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>Tsütoplasmavõrgustik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsütoplasmavõrgustik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raku_taastootmine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raku_taastootmine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23</span> <span>Raku taastootmine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raku_taastootmine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Päristuumsete_rakkude_rühmad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Päristuumsete_rakkude_rühmad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Päristuumsete rakkude rühmad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Päristuumsete_rakkude_rühmad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Päristuumsete rakkude rühmad"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Päristuumsete_rakkude_rühmad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taimerakud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taimerakud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Taimerakud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taimerakud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loomarakud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loomarakud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Loomarakud</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Loomarakud-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Loomarakud"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Loomarakud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inimestel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inimestel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Inimestel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inimestel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfoloogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfoloogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Morfoloogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfoloogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uurimislugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uurimislugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uurimislugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uurimislugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keemiliste_elementide_sisaldus_rakkudes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keemiliste_elementide_sisaldus_rakkudes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Keemiliste elementide sisaldus rakkudes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keemiliste_elementide_sisaldus_rakkudes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Videod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Videod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rakk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 179 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Уэтэ – kabardi-tšerkessi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Уэтэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardi-tšerkessi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5" title="ህዋስ – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህዋስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABfcl%C4%93ofa" title="Līfclēofa – vanainglise" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Līfclēofa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="vanainglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خلية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celula" title="Celula – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Celula" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C3%A2_(biologie)" title="Celulâ (biologie) – aromuuni" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Celulâ (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromuuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8lula_(biologia)" title="Cèlula (biologia) – frankoprovansi" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cèlula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovansi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কোষ (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekoveap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tekoveapỹi – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoveapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Лъамел – avaari" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъамел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCceyr%C9%99" title="Hüceyrə – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüceyrə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="حوجره – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حوجره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষ (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-pau" title="Sè-pau – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-pau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күҙәнәк – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күҙәнәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Вуза – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान) – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोष (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕྲ་ཕུང། – tiibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕྲ་ཕུང།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellig" title="Kellig – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kellig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lula" title="Cèl·lula – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Пайрăм – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пайрăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%88ka" title="Buňka – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buňka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyere_(Dzezvipenyu)" title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu) – šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyere (Dzezvipenyu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(bioleg)" title="Cell (bioleg) – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cell (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle_(biologi)" title="Celle (biologi) – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Celle (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="بنيقة – Maroko araabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بنيقة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Maroko araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealla" title="Sealla – põhjasaami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="põhjasaami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(Biologie)" title="Zelle (Biologie) – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zelle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Κύτταρο – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύτταρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology) – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Човэриця – ersa" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Човэриця" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elo_(biologio)" title="Ĉelo (biologio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelo (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykna" title="Kykna – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kykna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie) – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellule (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Cill (bitheolaíocht) – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cill (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killag" title="Killag – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Killag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cealla_(bith-e%C3%B2las)" title="Cealla (bith-eòlas) – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cealla (bith-eòlas)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3" title="Оагилг – inguši" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оагилг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8A%D9%84" title="سللۊل – gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سللۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u" title="Se-pâu – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Բջիջ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջիջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कोशिका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celulo" title="Celulo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Celulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula_(biolohia)" title="Selula (biolohia) – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Selula (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellul" title="Cellul – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cellul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-cell" title="I-cell – koosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-cell" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="koosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqamuzana" title="Ingqamuzana – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqamuzana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruma" title="Fruma – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fruma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90" title="תא – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8l_(biologi)" title="Sèl (biologi) – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèl (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="უჯრედი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯრედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Жасуша – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасуша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kell" title="Kell – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kell" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seli" title="Seli – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Seli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selil" title="Selil – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Selil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9loul_(byoloji)" title="Séloul (byoloji) – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Séloul (byoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xane" title="Xane – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xane" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жаннакъатта – laki" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Жаннакъатта" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="laki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A5_(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2)" title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ) – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຊລ (ຊີວະວິທະຍາ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABna" title="Šūna – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šūna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – lesgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%85stel%C4%97" title="Ląstelė – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ląstelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ji%27esle" title="ji'esle – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ji'esle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akataffaali" title="Akataffaali – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Akataffaali" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cellula" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejt" title="Sejt – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sela" title="Sela – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="കോശം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="पेशी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თოლი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="خليه – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="سلول – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سلول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi) – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sel (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1%CC%A4-b%C3%A0u" title="Sá̤-bàu – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sá̤-bàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81" title="Эс – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလာပ်စည်း – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလာပ်စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cel (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="कोष – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोष" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celle" title="Celle – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Celle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%AEtre" title="Aître – Normandia" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Aître" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_(biologia)" title="Cellula (biologia) – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cellula (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Илпарчак – niidumari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Илпарчак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="niidumari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="କୋଷ – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelii_(Lubbiyyoo)" title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seelii (Lubbiyyoo)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujayra" title="Hujayra – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hujayra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="သဲလ် – paoo" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဲလ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="paoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel" title="Cel – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Cel" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ژونکه – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(bailoji)" title="Sel (bailoji) – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sel (bailoji)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កោសិកាជីវវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9lula" title="Sélula – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sélula" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_(Biologie)" title="Zell (Biologie) – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zell (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%B3rka" title="Komórka – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komórka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Célula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kletka" title="Kletka – karakalpaki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kletka" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celul%C4%83_(biologie)" title="Celulă (biologie) – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celulă (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsaykuq" title="Kawsaykuq – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsaykuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Бунка (біолоґія) – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бунка (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клетка – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клетка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Саанык – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саанык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sipaw" title="sipaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sipaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7:" title="रसकोष: – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रसकोष:" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – seraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4lle_(Biologie)" title="Sälle (Biologie) – saterfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sälle (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeliza" title="Qeliza – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeliza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8llula" title="Cèllula – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cèllula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෛලය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%DA%99%D9%88" title="جيو گھرڙو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيو گھرڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bunka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celica" title="Celica – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unug" title="Unug – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Unug" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="خانە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ћелија (биологија) – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћелија (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija) – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ćelija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9l_(biologi)" title="Sél (biologi) – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sél (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu" title="Solu – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell" title="Cell – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selula" title="Selula – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Selula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணு – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwatt" title="Takwatt – kabiili" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takwatt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Күзәнәк – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күзәнәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="జీవకణం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవకణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา) – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลล์ (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Tế bào – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ҳуҷайра – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуҷайра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – uusmelaneesia" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="uusmelaneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcre" title="Hücre – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hücre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%BDj%C3%BCk" title="Öýjük – türkmeeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Öýjük" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="türkmeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клітина – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خلیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibau" title="Sibau – tšuangi" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sibau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="tšuangi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C5%82u%C5%82a" title="Sełuła – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sełuła" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BCl" title="Siül – volapüki" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Siül" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapüki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celule" title="Celule – vallooni" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Celule" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selul%C3%A1" title="Selulá – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Selulá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="צעל – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3r%C3%B3" title="Hóró – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hóró" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="細胞 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Dstel%C4%97" title="Lōstelė – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lōstelė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="细胞 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rakk"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Rakk" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Rakk" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&oldid=6784150" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Rakk&id=6784150&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRakk"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRakk"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cells" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rakk" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7868" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib elusorganismi väikseimast talitluslikust osast, nahavigastuse kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/wiki/Vill_(vigastus)" title="Vill (vigastus)">Vill (vigastus)</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Biological_cell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/220px-Biological_cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/330px-Biological_cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/440px-Biological_cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption><b>Raku anatoomia</b><br /> 1. <a href="/wiki/Tuumake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuumake">Tuumake</a><br /> 2. <a href="/wiki/Rakutuum" title="Rakutuum">Tuum</a><br /> 3. <a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">Ribosoom</a><br /> 4. <a href="/wiki/Vesiikul" class="mw-disambig" title="Vesiikul">Vesiikul</a><br /> 5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karedapinnaline_ts%C3%BCtoplasmav%C3%B5rgustik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karedapinnaline tsütoplasmavõrgustik (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karedapinnaline tsütoplasmavõrgustik</a><br /> 6. <a href="/wiki/Golgi_kompleks" title="Golgi kompleks">Golgi kompleks</a><br /> 7. <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoskelett" title="Tsütoskelett">Tsütoskelett</a><br /> 8. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siledapinnaline_ts%C3%BCtoplasmav%C3%B5rgustik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siledapinnaline tsütoplasmavõrgustik (pole veel kirjutatud)">Siledapinnaline tsütoplasmavõrgustik</a><br /> 9. <a href="/wiki/Mitokonder" title="Mitokonder">Mitokonder</a><br /> 10. <a href="/wiki/Vakuool" title="Vakuool">Vakuool</a><br /> 11. <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasma" title="Tsütoplasma">Tsütoplasma</a><br /> 12. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCsosoom" title="Lüsosoom">Lüsosoom</a><br /> 13. <a href="/wiki/Tsentrosoom" title="Tsentrosoom">Tsentrosoom</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rakuks</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ladina_keel" title="Ladina keel">ladina</a> <i>cellula</i>, ingl. keel. <i>cell</i>) nimetatakse kõikide <a href="/wiki/Elusorganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Elusorganism">elusorganismide</a> väikseimat ehituslikku ja talitluslikku osa, mis on võimeline ümbritseva elukeskkonnaga suheldes ka iseseisvalt eluks vajalikku energiat komplekteerima, kasvama, end taastootma (raku taastootmise faaside kaudu) ja vajadusel ka programmeeritud surma esile kutsuma. Enamikku rakke ümbritseb rakuväline vedelik. </p><p>Rakk on alati ümbritsetud <a href="/wiki/Lipoproteiidid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipoproteiidid">lipoproteiidse</a> <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">membraaniga</a>. Organism võib koosneda ühest rakust (<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cherakuline_organism" title="Üherakuline organism">üherakuline organism</a>) või mitmest rakust (<a href="/wiki/Hulkrakne_organism" title="Hulkrakne organism">hulkrakne organism</a>). Samuti võib ühes rakus sisalduda teine rakk (mida nimetatakse siis tavaliselt <a href="/wiki/Organell" title="Organell">organelliks</a>). </p><p>Ühesuguse päritolu, ehituse ja funktsioonidega rakkude ja nende komplekteeritud rakuvaheaine kogumit nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Kude" title="Kude">koeks</a>. </p><p>Rakkude areng, bioloogia, morfoloogia, ja <a href="/wiki/Patoloogia" title="Patoloogia">patoloogia</a> võivad erineda nii liigiti kui ka indiviiditi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cherakuline_organism" title="Üherakuline organism">Üherakulised organismid</a> nagu paljud <a href="/wiki/Bakterid" title="Bakterid">bakterid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Seen" class="mw-redirect" title="Seen">seente</a> hulka liigitatud <a href="/wiki/Pagarip%C3%A4rm" title="Pagaripärm">pagaripärm</a> (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) koosnevad ühest rakust. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raku_anatoomia">Raku anatoomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Raku anatoomia"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Raku anatoomia" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rakumembraan">Rakumembraan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Rakumembraan"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Rakumembraan" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">Rakumembraan</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG/220px-Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG/330px-Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG/440px-Love_is_a_two_way_street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Pildil on 40 kordselt suurendatud Hek293 rakuliini ehk inimese embrüonaalse neeru rakuliini kolm rakku, mis on üksteisega valguliste ühendustega seotud. </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">Rakumembraan</a> on õhuke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatiidid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatiidid (pole veel kirjutatud)">fosfatiididest</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%BCkolipiidid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glükolipiidid (pole veel kirjutatud)">glükolipiididest</a> moodustunud <a href="/wiki/Lipiidide_kaksikkiht" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiidide kaksikkiht">lipiidide kaksikkiht</a>, mis eraldab rakku teda ümbritsevast keskkonnast ning reguleerib <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulide</a> voolu rakust välja ja raku sisse. <a href="/wiki/Taimerakk" title="Taimerakk">Taimeraku</a> rakumembraani nimetatakse sageli <b>plasmalemmiks</b> või <b>plasmalemmaks</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vibur">Vibur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Vibur"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Vibur" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Vibur" title="Vibur">Vibur</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Vibur" title="Vibur">Vibur</a> ehk flagell on bakterite, <a href="/wiki/Arhed" title="Arhed">arhede</a> ja väiksemate eukarüootide pikk, jäik ja niitjas liikumis<a href="/wiki/Organell" title="Organell">organell</a>. Vibur on paljudel rakkudel kaasa arvatud mehe <a href="/wiki/Spermatosoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatosoid">spermatosoididel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitokonder">Mitokonder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Mitokonder"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Mitokonder" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Mitokonder" title="Mitokonder">Mitokonder</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Mitokondrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitokondrid">Mitokondrid</a> on raku energiat tootvad organellid. <a href="/wiki/Rakubioloogia" title="Rakubioloogia">Rakubioloogias</a> nimetatakse mitokondriks suurt rakusisest organelli, mis on ümbritsetud kahe <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">membraaniga</a>. Mitokondrites viiakse lõpule <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCkoos" title="Glükoos">glükoosi</a> lagundamine ja sünteesitakse <a href="/wiki/Makroergiline_%C3%BChend" class="mw-redirect" title="Makroergiline ühend">makroergilisi ühendeid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adenosiintrifosfaat" title="Adenosiintrifosfaat">ATP</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsütoplasma"><span id="Ts.C3.BCtoplasma"></span>Tsütoplasma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsütoplasma"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsütoplasma" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasma" title="Tsütoplasma">Tsütoplasma</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasma" title="Tsütoplasma">Tsütoplasma</a> on raku kogu elussisu (<a href="/wiki/Protoplast" title="Protoplast">protoplast</a>), välja arvatud <a href="/wiki/Rakutuum" title="Rakutuum">rakutuum</a>. Väljastpoolt piirab tsütoplasmat <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">rakumembraan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rakutuum">Rakutuum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Rakutuum"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Rakutuum" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Rakutuum" title="Rakutuum">Rakutuum</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Rakutuum" title="Rakutuum">Rakutuum</a> on kahekihilise <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">membraaniga</a> ümbritsetud <a href="/wiki/Rakuorganell" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakuorganell">rakuorganell</a>, mis esineb <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasma" title="Tsütoplasma">tsütoplasmas</a> vaid <a href="/wiki/Eukar%C3%BCoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukarüoot">eukarüootidel</a>. Rakutuum hõlmab umbes 10% raku kogu ruumalast ning sinna on koondunud peaaegu kogu rakus olev geneetiline materjal.<sup id="cite_ref-Rakubioloogia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rakubioloogia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuumas sisalduv <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> on tihedalt kokku pakitud <a href="/wiki/Histoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoon">histoonide</a> abil ning moodustab <a href="/wiki/Kromosoom" title="Kromosoom">kromosoomi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karüoplasma"><span id="Kar.C3.BCoplasma"></span>Karüoplasma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Karüoplasma"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Karüoplasma" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Kar%C3%BCoplasma" title="Karüoplasma">Karüoplasma</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Kar%C3%BCoplasma" title="Karüoplasma">Karüoplasmaks</a> nimetatakse rakutuuma sees paiknevat plasmat, mis sisaldab DNA-d, RNA-d, valke ja mitmesuguseid madalmolekulaarseid ühendeid.<sup id="cite_ref-2mP28_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2mP28-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kromosoom">Kromosoom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Kromosoom"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Kromosoom" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Kromosoom" title="Kromosoom">Kromosoom</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Kromosoom" title="Kromosoom">Kromosoom</a> on eukarüootse organismi rakutuuma struktuurselt individuaalne pärilikkustegureid (geene) sisaldav element. Kromosoomis asuvad lineaarses järgnevuses ja kindla paiknevusega <a href="/wiki/Geen" title="Geen">geenid</a> ning mitmesugused mittegeensed <a href="/wiki/Nukleotiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleotiid">nukleotiidijärjestused</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lookus" title="Lookus">lookused</a>). Kromosoomis on üks <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a>, sellega massivõrdses koguses aluselisi <a href="/wiki/Valk" class="mw-redirect" title="Valk">valke</a> – <a href="/wiki/Histoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoon">histoone</a>, varieeruvas hulgas mittehistoonseid (happelisi) <a href="/wiki/Valk" class="mw-redirect" title="Valk">valke</a> ja vähesel hulgal <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNAd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuumaümbris"><span id="Tuuma.C3.BCmbris"></span>Tuumaümbris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumaümbris"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumaümbris" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Tuuma%C3%BCmbris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuumaümbris">Tuumaümbris</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Tuuma%C3%BCmbris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuumaümbris">Tuumaümbris</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Tuumamembraan" title="Tuumamembraan">tuumamembraan</a> on vahefaasi ajal rakutuuma ümbritsev kahelestmeline kest, mis eraldab geneetilist materjali tsütoplasmast ning kaitseb makromolekulide sissetungimise eest tsütoplasmast karüoplasmasse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuumapoor">Tuumapoor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumapoor"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumapoor" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Tuumapoor" title="Tuumapoor">Tuumapoor</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Tuumapoor" title="Tuumapoor">Tuumapooriks</a> nimetatakse mulku tuumaümbrises, kus membraani sise- ja välisleste on teineteisega liitunud. Tuumapoori kaudu siirduvad RNA-molekulid rakutuumast tsütoplasmasse.<sup id="cite_ref-xpVYD_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xpVYD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuumake">Tuumake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumake"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumake" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Tuumake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuumake">Tuumake</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Nukleool" title="Nukleool">Nukleool</a> ehk tuumake on ülekaalukalt <a href="/wiki/Interfaas" title="Interfaas">interfaasi</a> (vahefaasi) <a href="/wiki/Rakutuum" title="Rakutuum">rakutuumades</a> leiduv tihke moodustis, mille sees komplekteeritakse <a href="/wiki/RRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RRNA">rRNA</a>-d. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ribosoom">Ribosoom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Ribosoom"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Ribosoom" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">Ribosoom</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">Ribosoom</a> on nii <a href="/wiki/Eeltuumne_rakk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eeltuumne rakk">eel-</a> kui ka <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ristuumne_rakk" class="mw-redirect" title="Päristuumne rakk">päristuumse raku</a> <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasma" title="Tsütoplasma">tsütoplasmas</a> esinev kaheosaline molekulaarne masin, mis koosneb <a href="/wiki/Ribosomaalne_RNA" title="Ribosomaalne RNA">ribosomaalse RNA</a> (rRNA) ja <a href="/wiki/Valk" class="mw-redirect" title="Valk">valgu</a> molekulidest. Tema ülesanne on katalüüsida peptiidahelate moodustumist, lähtudes raku <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> pealt transkribeeritud <a href="/wiki/Informatsiooni-RNA" title="Informatsiooni-RNA">informatsiooni-RNA</a> (mRNA, inglise <i>messenger RNA</i>) järjestusest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golgi_kompleks">Golgi kompleks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Golgi kompleks"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Golgi kompleks" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Golgi_kompleks" title="Golgi kompleks">Golgi kompleks</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Golgi_kompleks" title="Golgi kompleks">Golgi kompleks</a> ehk Golgi aparaat on enamikus eukarüootsetes rakkudes leiduv, tsütoplasmavõrgustikuga seotud rakuorganell. Golgi kompleksis toimub <a href="/wiki/Valk" class="mw-redirect" title="Valk">valkude</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Lipiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiid">lipiidide</a> töötlemine, spetsiaalsetesse <a href="/wiki/Vesiikul" class="mw-disambig" title="Vesiikul">vesiikulitesse</a> pakkimine ning seejärel lõplikesse sihtkohtadesse saatmine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vesiikul">Vesiikul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Vesiikul"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Vesiikul" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Vesiikul_(bioloogia)" title="Vesiikul (bioloogia)">Vesiikul (bioloogia)</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Vesiikul on suhteliselt väike tavaliselt <a href="/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi">veega</a> täidetud põieke raku <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasma" title="Tsütoplasma">tsütoplasmas</a>. Vesiikulid on rakusisusest eraldatud <a href="/wiki/Rakumembraan" title="Rakumembraan">membraaniga</a>. Vesiikulite ülesanne on ainete transport või säilitamine raku sees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsütoskelett"><span id="Ts.C3.BCtoskelett"></span>Tsütoskelett</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsütoskelett"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsütoskelett" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoskelett" title="Tsütoskelett">Tsütoskelett</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoskelett" title="Tsütoskelett">Tsütoskelett</a> on raku tsütoplasma niitjate ja torujate elementide süsteem, mis määrab raku väliskuju ja organellide paigutuse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mikrofilamendid">Mikrofilamendid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Mikrofilamendid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Mikrofilamendid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Mikrofilamendid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrofilamendid">Mikrofilamendid</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Aktiinifilamendid" title="Aktiinifilamendid">Aktiinifilamendid</a> ehk mikrofilamendid on eukarüootsete rakkude tsütoskeletis leiduvad aktiinist koosnevad kõige peenemad filamendid. Nad on funktsioonilt väga mitmekülgsed, võttes osa raku liikumisest ja kuju muutmisest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vakuool">Vakuool</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Vakuool"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Vakuool" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Vakuool" title="Vakuool">Vakuool</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Vakuool" title="Vakuool">Vakuool</a> on taimede rakkude ning <a href="/wiki/Magevesi" title="Magevesi">magevees</a> ja osal <a href="/wiki/Merevesi" title="Merevesi">merevees</a> elunevate <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cherakuline_organism" title="Üherakuline organism">üherakuliste organismide</a> <a href="/wiki/Organell" title="Organell">organoid</a>, mis täidab seedeelundi ülesandeid. See on seotud <a href="/wiki/Osmoos" title="Osmoos">osmootse</a> rõhu reguleerimise ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eritus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eritus (pole veel kirjutatud)">eritusega</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lüsosoom"><span id="L.C3.BCsosoom"></span>Lüsosoom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Lüsosoom"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Lüsosoom" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCsosoom" title="Lüsosoom">Lüsosoom</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCsosoom" title="Lüsosoom">Lüsosoom</a> on üks <a href="/wiki/Rakuorganell" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakuorganell">rakuorganellidest</a>, ühekordse membraanikihiga ümbritsetud hüdrolüütilisi ensüüme sisaldav põieke, kus lagundatakse <a href="/wiki/Makromolekul" title="Makromolekul">makromolekule</a>, fagotsüteeritud aineosakesi ja ka otstarbe minetanud rakustruktuure.<sup id="cite_ref-dee8u_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dee8u-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peroksüsoom"><span id="Peroks.C3.BCsoom"></span>Peroksüsoom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Peroksüsoom"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Peroksüsoom" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peroks%C3%BCsoom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peroksüsoom (pole veel kirjutatud)">Peroksüsoom</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peroks%C3%BCsoom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peroksüsoom (pole veel kirjutatud)">Peroksüsoomid</a> on rakkudes paiknevad väiksed ensüümipõiekesed.<sup id="cite_ref-TlB3W_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TlB3W-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsentrosoom">Tsentrosoom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsentrosoom"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsentrosoom" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Tsentrosoom" title="Tsentrosoom">Tsentrosoom</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Tsentrosoom" title="Tsentrosoom">Tsentrosoom</a> on loomses rakus rakutuuma läheduses paiknev rakukeskus, milles paiknevad kaks tsentriooli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuumaniidistik">Tuumaniidistik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumaniidistik"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Tuumaniidistik" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuumaniidistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuumaniidistik (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tuumaniidistik</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuumaniidistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuumaniidistik (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tuumaniidistik</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mitoos" title="Mitoos">mitoosi</a> metafaasi vältel rakus leiduv mikrotuubulustest koosnev telg. Tuumaniidistik ühendab tsentrioole kormosoomide tsentromeeridega.<sup id="cite_ref-xpVYD_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xpVYD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsentriool">Tsentriool</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsentriool"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsentriool" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Tsentriool" title="Tsentriool">Tsentriool</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Tsentriool" title="Tsentriool">Tsentriool</a> on loomaraku tsentrosoomi osa, mis koosneb 27 <a href="/wiki/Valgus" title="Valgus">valgulisest</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikrotuubul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrotuubul">mikrotuubulist</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsütoplasmavõrgustik"><span id="Ts.C3.BCtoplasmav.C3.B5rgustik"></span>Tsütoplasmavõrgustik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsütoplasmavõrgustik"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=23" title="Muuda alaosa "Tsütoplasmavõrgustik" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasmav%C3%B5rgustik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsütoplasmavõrgustik">Tsütoplasmavõrgustik</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtoplasmav%C3%B5rgustik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsütoplasmavõrgustik">Tsütoplasmavõrgustik</a> ehk endoplasmaatiline retiikulum on kõikides eukarüootsetes rakkudes esinev <a href="/wiki/Organell" title="Organell">organell</a>. Tsütoplasmavõrgustik jaguneb kaheks: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siledapinnaline_endoplasmaatiline_retiikulum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siledapinnaline endoplasmaatiline retiikulum (pole veel kirjutatud)">siledapinnaline endoplasmaatiline retiikulum</a> ("sER" – <i>smooth endoplasmic reticulum</i>) ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karedapinnaline_endoplasmaatiline_retiikulum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karedapinnaline endoplasmaatiline retiikulum (pole veel kirjutatud)">karedapinnaline endoplasmaatiline retiikulum</a> ("rER" – <i>rough endoplasmic reticulum).</i> </p><p>Rakus paiknevad ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrohatud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrohatud (pole veel kirjutatud)">mikrohatud</a> jt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raku_taastootmine">Raku taastootmine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Muuda alaosa "Raku taastootmine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=24" title="Muuda alaosa "Raku taastootmine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv/220px--Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="228" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fail:Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="232" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="232" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="232" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv/Aging-and-Death-in-an-Organism-That-Reproduces-by-Morphologically-Symmetric-Division-pbio.0030045.sv001.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="140" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Raku vananemine. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrokoloonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrokoloonia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mikrokoloonia</a> kasvamise 305 minutit on kiirendatud 7 sekundiks. Algsest ühest rakust moodustub 505 rakku.</figcaption></figure> <p>Raku taastootmine toimub lihtsustatult 6 faasina: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Profaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Profaas (pole veel kirjutatud)">profaas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prometafaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prometafaas (pole veel kirjutatud)">prometafaas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metafaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metafaas (pole veel kirjutatud)">metafaas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anafaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anafaas (pole veel kirjutatud)">anafaas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telofaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telofaas (pole veel kirjutatud)">telofaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtokinees" title="Tsütokinees">tsütokinees</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Päristuumsete_rakkude_rühmad"><span id="P.C3.A4ristuumsete_rakkude_r.C3.BChmad"></span>Päristuumsete rakkude rühmad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Muuda alaosa "Päristuumsete rakkude rühmad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=25" title="Muuda alaosa "Päristuumsete rakkude rühmad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Päristuumsete organismide rakud saab ehituse ja talitluse järgi liigitada kolme suurde rühma: looma-, taime- ja seenerakud. Kõigil neil on rakutuum ja suur osa sarnaseid rakustruktuure. </p><p>Enamikul <a href="/wiki/Taimed" title="Taimed">taimedel</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Loomad" title="Loomad">loomadel</a> on valdavas osas elutsüklist keharakud <a href="/wiki/Diploidsus" title="Diploidsus">diploidsed</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taimerakud">Taimerakud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Muuda alaosa "Taimerakud"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=26" title="Muuda alaosa "Taimerakud" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Taimerakk" title="Taimerakk">Taimerakk</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Taimerakkude põhiliseks iseärasuseks on nendele ainuomane organellide – <b>plastiidide</b> – esinemine. Lisaks sellele arenevad taimerakkude tsütoplasmas suured <b>vakuoolid</b>, mis teistel päristuumsetel organismidel puuduvad. Enamik taimerakke on lisaks rakumembraanile ümbritsetud tiheda <b>rakukestaga</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loomarakud">Loomarakud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Muuda alaosa "Loomarakud"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=27" title="Muuda alaosa "Loomarakud" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inimestel">Inimestel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Muuda alaosa "Inimestel"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=28" title="Muuda alaosa "Inimestel" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arvatakse, et 70 kg kaaluva meesterahva keha koosneb umbes 30 triljonist (3 × 10<sup>13</sup>) rakust.<sup id="cite_ref-true-cell-count_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-true-cell-count-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seni eristatakse ligi 200 tüüpi rakke.<sup id="cite_ref-nab1V_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab1V-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organismi elutegevuseks on aga hädavajalikud ka mitut liiki <a href="/wiki/Bakter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakter">bakterid</a>. Baktereid on inimorganismis väga palju – nende koguarvu hinnatakse umbes 39 triljoni juurde ehk umbes 30% suuremaks inimese enda rakkude arvust.<sup id="cite_ref-true-cell-count_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-true-cell-count-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Täiskasvanud inimese kehas, sureb ööpäeva jooksul <a href="/wiki/Apoptoos" title="Apoptoos">apoptoosi</a> läbi 50 kuni 70 miljardit rakku, mis on ligikaudu 0,06% kogu keha rakkudest. Sama palju tekib neid <a href="/wiki/Mitoos" title="Mitoos">mitoosi</a> käigus juurde. Nii suudab organism tervikuna säilitada oma elujõulisuse. Eri tüüpi rakkude elutsüklid on erinevad. <a href="/wiki/Nahk" title="Nahk">Naharakud</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Luu%C3%BCdi" title="Luuüdi">luuüdis</a> moodustuvad <a href="/wiki/Verelible" title="Verelible">vererakud</a> jagunevad pidevalt. Kiiresti toimub ka rakkude uuenemine <a href="/wiki/Magu" title="Magu">mao</a> <a href="/wiki/Epiteelkude" title="Epiteelkude">epiteelkoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maks" title="Maks">Maksarakud</a> jagunevad alles siis, kui kude on kahjustunud (umbes kord aastas). Paljud rakud, nagu <a href="/wiki/Silm" title="Silm">silma</a> läätse rakud, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rv" title="Närv">närvirakud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Er%C3%BCtrots%C3%BC%C3%BCt" title="Erütrotsüüt">punased verelibled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skeletilihased" title="Skeletilihased">skeleti</a>- ja <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCda" title="Süda">südamelihaste</a> rakud pärast <a href="/wiki/Diferentseerumine" title="Diferentseerumine">diferentseerumist</a> enam ei jagune. Neil pole enam jagunemisvõimet. Samuti ei jagune <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCdruk" title="Tüdruk">tüdruku</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Naine" title="Naine">naise</a> <a href="/wiki/Munarakk" title="Munarakk">munarakud</a>, mis tekivad <a href="/wiki/Loode" title="Loode">looteeas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfoloogia">Morfoloogia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Muuda alaosa "Morfoloogia"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=29" title="Muuda alaosa "Morfoloogia" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rakkude suurus muutub elu jooksul: noores, kasvueas organismis on rakud suuremad, kui vanemaealistel inimestel.<sup id="cite_ref-foygG_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foygG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inimene" title="Inimene">Inimese</a> suurima läbimõõduga rakuks on <a href="/wiki/Naine" title="Naine">naise</a> <a href="/wiki/Munarakk" title="Munarakk">munarakk</a>, mille läbimõõt on keskmiselt 150 <a href="/wiki/Mikromeeter" title="Mikromeeter">µm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yfh1c_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yfh1c-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mitmed teised rakutüübid on mahult väiksemad. <a href="/wiki/Suuraju_koor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suuraju koor">Suuraju koores</a> paiknevate hiidpüramiidrakkude perikaarüoni diameeter on kuni 120 µm. Pikad käävja kujuga silelihasrakud võivad ulatuda 100–150 µm, samas nende läbimõõt on märgatavalt väiksem. Teiselt poolt kõige väiksemate rakkude läbimõõt on 4 µm (näiteks aju <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B5merrakud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sõmerrakud (pole veel kirjutatud)">sõmerrakud</a>). Enamiku rakkude suurus jääb siiski 10 ja 50 µm vahele. Sellise läbimõõduga on enamik epiteeli- ja <a href="/wiki/Sidekude" title="Sidekude">sidekoerakkudest</a>. Vere valgelibled e <a href="/wiki/Leukots%C3%BC%C3%BCdid" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukotsüüdid">leukotsüüdid</a> jäävad läbimõõdult 10 µm piiresse, olles sellest veidi suuremad või väiksemad sõltuvalt leukotsüütide alatüübist. Vere punaliblede ehk <a href="/wiki/Er%C3%BCtrots%C3%BC%C3%BCt" title="Erütrotsüüt">erütrotsüütide</a> keskmine diameeter on 7,5 µm. </p><p>Rakud võivad kujult olla käävjad, jätketega, lamedad või kuubikujulised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uurimislugu">Uurimislugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Muuda alaosa "Uurimislugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=30" title="Muuda alaosa "Uurimislugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rakud avastati <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>. aastal, kui inglise füüsik <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> nägi primitiivse mikroskoobiga <a href="/wiki/Kork" title="Kork">korgilõiku</a> vaadeldes, et see koosneb väikestest kambrikestest. Need kambrikesed nimetas ta rakkudeks. Hollandlane <a href="/wiki/Antony_van_Leeuwenhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony van Leeuwenhoek">Antony van Leeuwenhoek</a> oli esimene, kes vaatles isetehtud mikroskoobiga rakke nende loomulikus keskkonnas, kirjeldas esimesena <a href="/wiki/Ainuraksed" title="Ainuraksed">ainurakseid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Bakter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakter">baktereid</a>. Samuti oli tema esimene, kes avastas <a href="/wiki/Er%C3%BCtrots%C3%BC%C3%BCt" title="Erütrotsüüt">erütrotsüüdid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Spermatosoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatosoid">spermatosoidid</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>. aastal tõestasid botaanik <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwann" title="Theodor Schwann">Theodor Schwann</a>, zooloog <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden">Matthias Jakob Schleiden</a> ja vähemal määral patoanatoom <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Rudolf Virchow</a>, et kõik elusorganismid koosnevad rakkudest. Seda ideed nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Rakuteooria" title="Rakuteooria">rakuteooriaks</a>. Varasema ettekujutuse järgi nähti rakke kui organismi "ehituskive", mis lihtsalt kõrvuti asetsedes moodustavadki organismi. Nüüd tõendati, et rakud tekivad alati teistest rakkudest (ehk <i>omne cellula e cellula</i> 'iga rakk on rakust'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keemiliste_elementide_sisaldus_rakkudes">Keemiliste elementide sisaldus rakkudes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemiliste elementide sisaldus rakkudes"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=31" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemiliste elementide sisaldus rakkudes" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organismides leiduvad samasugused <a href="/wiki/Keemilised_elemendid" class="mw-redirect" title="Keemilised elemendid">keemilised elemendid</a> mis eluta looduseski. See on ka mõistetav, kui eeldada, et <a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">elu</a> on tekkinud ja arenenud <a href="/wiki/Maa_(planeet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa (planeet)">Maal</a>. Eri tüüpi rakkude keemiline sisaldus on üldiselt ühesugune (vaata tabelit allpool). Kõige rohkem on rakkudes <a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapnikku</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik">süsinikku</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesinikku</a>. Need keemilised elemendid kuuluvad kõigi <a href="/wiki/Orgaanilised_%C3%BChendid" title="Orgaanilised ühendid">orgaaniliste ühendite</a> koostisse. Mõnevõrra vähem on rakkudes <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4mmastik" title="Lämmastik">lämmastikku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosforit</a> ja <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4vel" title="Väävel">väävlit</a>, sest need esinevad peamiselt <a href="/wiki/Valgud" title="Valgud">valkude</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Nukleiinhapped" title="Nukleiinhapped">nukleiinhapete</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulides</a>. Kõik need kuus elementi (<a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a>, <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> ja <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a>) moodustavad kokku üle 98% raku keemiliste elementide kogumassist. Kuna organismid vajavad neid elemente suhteliselt suurtes kogustes, siis nimetatakse neid <a href="/wiki/Makroelemendid" title="Makroelemendid">makroelementideks</a>. Kümnendik- ja sajandikprotsentides on rakkudes <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zn">Zn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cu" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cu">Cu</a>, <a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> ja teised. Kokku on organismides avastatud 16 sellist keemilist elementi, mis esinevad väga väikestes kogustes, kuid on siiski hädavajalikud enamiku organismide elutegevuseks. Neid nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Mikroelemendid" title="Mikroelemendid">mikroelementideks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leks_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leks-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Keemiline element</th> <th>Tähis</th> <th>Keskmine sisaldus elementide kogumassist, %</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">Hapnik</a></td> <td>O</td> <td><sup>65–75</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik">Süsinik</a></td> <td>C</td> <td><sup>15–18</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">Vesinik</a></td> <td>H</td> <td><sup>8–10</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4mmastik" title="Lämmastik">Lämmastik</a></td> <td>N</td> <td><sup>1,5–3,0</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a></td> <td>P</td> <td><sup>0,2–1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4vel" title="Väävel">Väävel</a></td> <td>S</td> <td><sup>0,15–0,2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaalium" title="Kaalium">Kaalium</a></td> <td>K</td> <td><sup>0,15–0,4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kloor" title="Kloor">Kloor</a></td> <td>Cl</td> <td><sup>0,05–0,1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaltsium" title="Kaltsium">Kaltsium</a></td> <td>Ca</td> <td><sup>0,04–2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naatrium" title="Naatrium">Naatrium</a></td> <td>Na</td> <td><sup>0,02–0,03</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magneesium" title="Magneesium">Magneesium</a></td> <td>Mg</td> <td><sup>0,02–0,03</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raud" title="Raud">Raud</a></td> <td>Fe</td> <td><sup>~0,01</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsink" title="Tsink">Tsink</a></td> <td>Zn</td> <td><sup>~ 0,0003</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vask" title="Vask">Vask</a></td> <td>Cu</td> <td><sup>~ 0,0002</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jood" title="Jood">Jood</a></td> <td>I</td> <td><sup>~ 0,0001</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a></td> <td>Fl</td> <td><sup>~ 0,0001</sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=32" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embr%C3%BCogenees" title="Embrüogenees">embrüogenees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imetajate_rakut%C3%BC%C3%BCpide_loetelu" title="Imetajate rakutüüpide loetelu">imetajate rakutüüpide loetelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raku_potents" title="Raku potents">raku potents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakubioloogia" title="Rakubioloogia">rakubioloogia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuhingamine" title="Rakuhingamine">rakuhingamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakukultuur" title="Rakukultuur">rakukultuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuts%C3%BCkkel" title="Rakutsükkel">rakutsükkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traube_rakk" title="Traube rakk">Traube rakk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCvirakud" class="mw-redirect" title="Tüvirakud">tüvirakud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4hirakk" title="Vähirakk">vähirakk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=33" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rakubioloogia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rakubioloogia_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[ <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072049/http://cellbio.ebc.ee/rakubio/tuum.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072049/http://cellbio.ebc.ee/rakubio/tuum.html</a>], konspekt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2mP28-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2mP28_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Meeli_Roosalu" title="Meeli Roosalu">Meeli Roosalu</a>. "Inimese anatoomia", Kirjastus <a href="/wiki/Koolibri" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolibri">Koolibri</a>, lk 13, <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9789985026069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9985-0-2606-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xpVYD-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-xpVYD_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-xpVYD_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Meditsiinis%C3%B5nastik" title="Meditsiinisõnastik">Meditsiinisõnastik</a>" 803:2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dee8u-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dee8u_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Meeli_Roosalu" title="Meeli Roosalu">Meeli Roosalu</a>. "Inimese anatoomia", Kirjastus <a href="/wiki/Koolibri" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolibri">Koolibri</a>, lk 12,<a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9789985026069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9985-0-2606-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TlB3W-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TlB3W_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Meditsiinis%C3%B5nastik" title="Meditsiinisõnastik">Meditsiinisõnastik</a>" 581:2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-true-cell-count-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-true-cell-count_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-true-cell-count_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Alison Abbott: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/scientists-bust-myth-that-our-bodies-have-more-bacteria-than-human-cells-1.19136?WT.mc_id=FBK_NatureNews">Scientists bust myth that our bodies have more bacteria than human cells</a> Nature, 8. jaanuar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nab1V-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nab1V_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce D. Olsen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ee/books?id=XwuwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=Evolution+of+the+ventricles.&source=bl&ots=LlG9tYFoAv&sig=algFdRHhEhE075jeKOfl49USouw&hl=et&sa=X&ei=-DeAU-OfL-jy7AakzoDgBQ&ved=0CH0Q6AEwDA#v=onepage&q=Evolution%20of%20the%20ventricles.&f=false">Understanding Human Anatomy Through Evolution – Second Edition</a>, 2009, Google'i raamatu veebiversioon (vaadatud 24.05.2014)<small> (<i>inglise keeles</i>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foygG-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-foygG_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arend A, Aunapuu M, Hussar P, Hussar Ü, Roosaar P. Histoloogia praktikum. 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yfh1c-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-yfh1c_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanna Balakier, Derek Bouman, Agata Sojecki, Clifford Librach ja Jeremy A. Squire, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/9/2394.full">Morphological and cytogenetic analysis of human giant oocytes and giant embryos*</a>, Hum. Reprod. (2002) 17 (9): 2394–2401, doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.9.2394, <small> (<i>inglise keeles</i>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leks-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-leks_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tago Sarapuu, Bioloogia gümnaasiumile (1. osa), lk 192 Eesti Loodusfoto 2003, <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9985830512" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9985-830-51-2</a> (lk 24)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=34" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rakk" class="extiw" title="q:Rakk">Rakk</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tfg.tartu.ee/bioloogia/ESITLUSED/rakk.pps#256,1,Slaid">1 Raku ehitus</a></li> <li>Thomas Cavalier-Smith,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1578732/pdf/rstb20061842.pdf/?tool=pmcentrez">Cell evolution and Earth history: stasis and revolution</a>, <i>Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</i>, 29. juuni 2006 ; 361(1470): 969–1006, veebiversioon (vaadatud 23.05.2014)<small> (<i>inglise keeles</i>)</small> (pdf)</li> <li>Glyn N. Stacey, John Davis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ee/books?id=A5dLdxsNV8UC&pg=PA372&dq=list+of+human+cell+types&hl=et&sa=X&ei=aXR_U4mtLMjN7Aar0YDgCg&ved=0CF8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=list%20of%20human%20cell%20types&f=false">Medicines from Animal Cell Culture</a>,, 2007, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Google'i raamatu veebiversioon (vaadatud 23.05.2014)<small> (<i>inglise keeles</i>)</small></li> <li>G Kroemer,L Galluzzi,P Vandenabeele,J Abrams, ES Alnemri, EH Baehrecke,MV Blagosklonny, WS El-Deiry,P Golstein,DR Green, M Hengartner, RA Knight, S Kumar, SA Lipton, W Malorni, G Nuñez, ME Peter, J Tschopp, J Yuan, M Piacentini, B Zhivotovsky, ja G Melino, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744427/">Classification of cell death recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009</a>, Cell Death Differ. Jan 2009; 16(1): 3–11., PMCID: PMC2744427, NIHMSID: NIHMS102504, veebiversioon (vaadatud 23.05.2014)<small> (<i>inglise keeles</i>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Videod">Videod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Muuda alaosa "Videod"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakk&action=edit&section=35" title="Muuda alaosa "Videod" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=gFuEo2ccTPA">YouTube'i video: Introduction to Cells</a>, veebiversioon (vaadatud 23.05.2014)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakk&oldid=6784150">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rakk&oldid=6784150</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Molekulaarbioloogia" title="Kategooria:Molekulaarbioloogia">Molekulaarbioloogia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Rakubioloogia" title="Kategooria:Rakubioloogia">Rakubioloogia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:ISBN-v%C3%B5lulingiga_lehek%C3%BCljed" title="Kategooria:ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed">ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 16:10, 19. detsember 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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