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The page gave information for tuning the mandolin, hand positions on the neck and places near the soundhole to use the plectrum.]] '''Gabriele Leone''' (born [[Naples]] c. 1735 – 1790) was an Italian musician and composer who lived in Paris during the middle and later part of the 18th century.<ref name=forum>{{cite web |url= http://musiqueclassique.forumpro.fr/t12146-gabriele-leone-1725-1790 |title= Gabriele LEONE (1725–1790) |last= Joachim |date= 19 August 2006|website= musiqueclassique.forumpro.fr|access-date= 25 April 2019 }}</ref> A [[virtuoso]] on the [[violin]] and [[mandolin]], he wrote an early mandolin [[method (music)|method]], ''Analytical method for mastering the violin or the mandolin'' in 1768 and composed for both instruments.<ref name=forum/><ref>{{cite book |last=Bone |first= Philip James |date= 1914 |title= The guitar and mandolin : biographies of celebrated players and composers for these instruments|url= https://archive.org/details/guitarmandolinbi00bone|location= London |publisher= Schott|page= [https://archive.org/details/guitarmandolinbi00bone/page/182 182]|quote=Leone, a French musician who lived in Paris during the middle and latter part of the eighteenth century. He was a violinist and mandolinist , and is known as the author of a volume which was published in Paris in 1770, entitled ''Analytical method for mastering the violin or the mandolin''. }}</ref> He was an early teacher of the duo method, an advanced technique which would reappear in the 20th century, taught by [[Giuseppe Pettine]] in the United States.<ref name=fest>{{cite web |url= https://www.festivalmandoline.fr/a-propos/la-mandoline/|title= Festival International de Mandoline de Castellar Du 17 au juillet 2019|author= |website= festivalmandoline.fr |access-date= 25 April 2019 }}</ref> In the 1700s, the mandolin spread across Europe for the first time, through performances by masters of the instrument.<ref name=fest/> Leone was one of those early masters who spread the mandolin in Europe, giving concerts and teaching.<ref name=fest/> He spent time in London (1762–1763) as director of the London Opera before returning to Paris where he performed at the [[Concert Spirituel]] from 1760 to 1766.<ref name=fest/><ref name=ensemble>{{cite web|url= http://www.ensemble-gabriele-leone.org/egl/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=24&lang=fr|title= Gabriele LEONE|author= |website= ensemble-gabriele-leone.org|access-date= 25 April 2019|archive-date= 20 May 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180520193601/http://www.ensemble-gabriele-leone.org/egl/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=24&lang=fr|url-status= dead}}</ref> One of his students was [[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]], the father of King [[Louis Philippe I]] (the last French king).<ref name=fest/><ref name=ensemble/> ==Works== [[File:Title page Analytical method for mastering the violin or the mandolin.jpg|thumb|Title page from ''Analytical method for mastering the violin or the mandolin''. Identifies himself on the page as "Master of the Mandolin to the [[Duke of Chartres]]" ([[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]]).]] He referred to himself on the covers of his works as [[Monsieur|M<sup>r</sup>]] Leone de Naple (Monsieur Leone of Naples).<ref name=forum/> [[File:Gabriele Leone concert add 17 March 1766.jpg|thumb|Concert Advertisement for London concert at [[Hickford's Long Room]] with Gabriele Leone, March 17, 1766 in London. Leone performed one of his own pieces, as well as one from [[Emanuele Barbella]]. Composer [[:Fr:Mattia Vento|Mattia Vento]] directed the concert. Also part of the concert was violinist composer [[François-Hippolyte Barthélémon]] and his wife, singer [[Polly Young]], and [[Domenico Colla|the Brothers Colla]] who played [[colascione]]s.]] His mandolin method was meant to help students of the violin switch to the mandolin, "from bow to feather" without the need for a teacher, using sheet music marked with "conventional signs" to guide learners.<ref name=forum2>{{cite web |url= http://musiqueclassique.forumpro.fr/t12146-gabriele-leone-1725-1790 |title= Gabriele LEONE (1725–1790) |last= joachim |date= 19 August 2006|website= musiqueclassique.forumpro.fr|access-date= 25 April 2019 |quote= Methode raisonnee pour passer du violon a la mandoline et de l'archet a la plume, ou Le moyen seur de jouer sans maitre en peu de temps par des signes de convention assortis a des exemples de musique facile. [Translation: Method reasoned to pass from the violin to the mandolin and the bow to the feather, or the means of playing without master in a short time by signs of convention matched with examples of easy music.]}}</ref> Feathers were used as plectrums in that era, as they had been when playing the [[mandore (instrument)|mandore]]. The method contained 26 dancing tunes, 6 minuets, 2 duos, a sonata and some [[Air (music)|airs]].<ref name=forum/> ===Books=== *1768, Paris, ''Méthode raisonnée pour passer du Violon à la Mandoline'' (''Analytical method for mastering the violin or the mandolin'')<ref name=forum/> ===Music=== *1767, Paris, ''6 Sonates pour mandoline et basse continue, Livre 1 opus 1 '' (6 Sonatas for mandolin and basso continuo, Book 1 opus 1)<ref name=forum/> *1770, Paris and Lyon, ''Six sonates de mandoline et basse marquées des signes suivant la nouvelle méthode opus 2'' (Six sonatas of mandolin and bass marked with signs according to the new method opus 2)<ref name=forum/> *1772, Paris, [6] ''Duo pour deux violons qui peuvent se jouer sur la mandoline et sur le par-dessus [de viole]'' (6 Duets for two violins that can be played on the mandolin and descant [viol])<ref name=forum/> ==Recordings== *2015 ''Leone: Six sonates pour la mandoline et basse, Livre I'', played by Maria Lucia Barros, Florentino Calvo, Ana Yepes<ref>{{cite web |url= https://play.google.com/store/music/album/Maria_Lucia_Barros_Florentino_Calvo_Ana_Yepes_Leon?id=Bffexeqf3c6b3e67bfgq6wyf55q |title= Leone: Six sonates pour la mandoline et basse, Livre I|author= |website=play.google.com |access-date=14 June 2019 |quote=[Arion records, 2015]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} ==External links== *[https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Violin_or_Mandolin_Duets_(Leone%2C_Gabriele) ''6 Violin or Mandolin Duets sheet music''] *[https://imslp.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_raisonn%C3%A9e_pour_passer_du_Violon_%C3%A0_la_Mandoline_(Leone%2C_Gabriele) ''Analytical method for mastering the violin or the mandolin'' in French] *[https://www.mandolincafe.com/forum/threads/123685-English-Translation-of-Leone-s-Method Discussion of English transcription of Leone's method.] {{DEFAULTSORT:Leone, Gabriele}} [[Category:Italian Baroque composers]] [[Category:Italian violinists]] [[Category:Italian classical mandolinists]] 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