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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable incidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable incidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2017_Houston_Astros_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_Houston_Astros_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>2017 Houston Astros scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_Houston_Astros_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_Boston_Red_Sox:_Apple_Watch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_Boston_Red_Sox:_Apple_Watch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>2017 Boston Red Sox: Apple Watch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_Boston_Red_Sox:_Apple_Watch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_Boston_Red_Sox:_video_replay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_Boston_Red_Sox:_video_replay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>2018 Boston Red Sox: video replay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_Boston_Red_Sox:_video_replay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_sign_stealing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_sign_stealing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Reactions to sign stealing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_sign_stealing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_sign_stealers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_sign_stealers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable sign stealers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_sign_stealers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cheating in baseball</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the act of stealing physical street signs, see <a href="/wiki/Street_sign_theft" title="Street sign theft">Street sign theft</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg/310px-Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg/465px-Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg/620px-Baseball_catching_giving_signs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Catcher <a href="/wiki/James_McCann_(baseball)" title="James McCann (baseball)">James McCann</a> (in white uniform) of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> using his right hand (obscured) to give signs to his pitcher, in a 2015 game against the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <b>sign stealing</b> is the act of observing the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_(S)#sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of baseball (S)">signs</a> being signaled by the opposing <a href="/wiki/Catcher" title="Catcher">catcher</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a> or a coach, and the subsequent relaying of those signals to members of one's own team. Signs are stolen with the intent of gaining advance knowledge of the upcoming pitch and communicating it to the batter, thereby giving them an advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-everybody_cheats_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everybody_cheats-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal sign stealing typically involves the signs being observed by a runner on second base and then relayed to the batter through some sort of gesture. Illegal sign stealing involves mechanical or electronic technology; the rules regarding this have become more stringent over time and continue to evolve.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sign stealing has been in practice almost since the <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_baseball" title="Origins of baseball">game's origin</a> in the 19th century, and has continued to be used in recent times.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality">Legality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Unwritten_rules_of_baseball" title="Unwritten rules of baseball">unwritten rules of baseball</a>, stealing the signs that are given by the third base coach, or those of the catcher by a <a href="/wiki/Baserunner" class="mw-redirect" title="Baserunner">baserunner</a> on <a href="/wiki/Second_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Second base">second base</a>, is acceptable, and it is up to the team giving the signs to protect them so they are not stolen. Even so, pitchers may retaliate when they believe their signs are being stolen with a <a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">brushback pitch</a>. On the other hand, a batter peeking in to see the catcher's signs is not tolerated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Signs from catcher to pitcher are considered more "sacred" than signs from a third base coach to a batter.<sup id="cite_ref-hidden_art_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hidden_art-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stealing signs is not necessarily a violation of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>'s (MLB) rulebook; it depends how the signs are stolen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the December 1961 <a href="/wiki/Winter_Meetings" title="Winter Meetings">Winter Meetings</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> banned the use of a "mechanical device" to steal signs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of electronic equipment is not specifically forbidden by MLB rules, but in 2001, <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Alderson" title="Sandy Alderson">Sandy Alderson</a>, while serving as executive vice president for baseball operations of MLB, issued a memorandum stating that teams cannot use electronic equipment to communicate with each other during games, especially for the purpose of stealing signs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 2019 season, in an effort to reduce illegal sign stealing, <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_baseball" title="Commissioner of baseball">MLB commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a> instituted specific prohibitions on where teams could position cameras and how <a href="/wiki/Instant_replay" title="Instant replay">instant replay</a> officials can communicate with managers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_incidents">Notable incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png/220px-Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png/330px-Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png/440px-Morgan_Murphy%27s_Signal_Service_Exposed_at_Last.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Newspaper headline from September 1900 about sign stealing by the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest recorded instance of a team attempting to steal signs dates back to 1876, when the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Dark_Blues" title="Hartford Dark Blues">Hartford Dark Blues</a> hid a person in a shack to tip off their hitters when the pitcher would throw a <a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">curveball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-everybody_cheats_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everybody_cheats-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, <a href="/wiki/George_Stallings" title="George Stallings">George Stallings</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">manager</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a>, instructed backup catcher <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Murphy_(baseball)" title="Morgan Murphy (baseball)">Morgan Murphy</a> to hide in a clubhouse beyond <a href="/wiki/Baseball_field#outfield" title="Baseball field">center field</a> with binoculars and a telegraph in order to alert Stallings to what pitch the opposing catcher was calling.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, Murphy was again used to steal signs, relaying them to Phillies <a href="/wiki/Base_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Base coach">base coach</a> <a href="/wiki/Pearce_Chiles" title="Pearce Chiles">Pearce Chiles</a>, who stood on a buried box containing a wired buzzer. Murphy relayed coded messages to Chiles in the form of electrical buzzes about what pitch was coming, which Chiles communicated to batters by stomping on the ground. Murphy sent one buzz for a <a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">fastball</a>, two buzzes for a curveball, and three buzzes for a <a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">changeup</a>. During a game on September 17, 1900, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> discovered the buried electrical box used by Chiles.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No action was taken against anyone involved in these early sign stealing incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg/180px-Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg/270px-Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg/360px-Malachi_Kittridge_giving_signs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Catcher <a href="/wiki/Malachi_Kittridge" title="Malachi Kittridge">Malachi Kittridge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Beaneaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Beaneaters">Boston Beaneaters</a> demonstrating how he gives signs, circa 1903.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1903 baseball anthology <i>How to Play Base Ball</i>, compiled by Boston sportswriter <a href="/wiki/Tim_Murnane" title="Tim Murnane">Tim Murnane</a>, catcher <a href="/wiki/Malachi_Kittridge" title="Malachi Kittridge">Malachi Kittridge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Beaneaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Beaneaters">Boston Beaneaters</a> wrote: "I give my signs to the pitcher while in a squatting position to prevent the other side from calling the turn."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three members of the <a href="/wiki/1951_New_York_Giants_(MLB)_season" title="1951 New York Giants (MLB) season">1951 New York Giants</a> admitted to stealing signs by using a telescope to win the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> pennant that season—the admission came 50 years later, in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-classic_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classic-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Giants rallied from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">13<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Games_behind" title="Games behind">games behind</a> in the final 10 weeks of the season to win the pennant over the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> using this technique.<sup id="cite_ref-classic_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classic-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Thomson" title="Bobby Thomson">Bobby Thomson</a>, who hit the <a href="/wiki/Shot_Heard_%27Round_the_World_(baseball)" title="Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)">"Shot Heard 'Round the World"</a>, denied being tipped off to that pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 26, 1959, despite the Milwaukee Braves' bullpen stealing catcher <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Burgess" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokey Burgess">Smokey Burgess</a>'s signs, Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Haddix" title="Harvey Haddix">Harvey Haddix</a> threw <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Haddix%27s_near-perfect_game" title="Harvey Haddix's near-perfect game">12 perfect innings</a> before losing the game in the 13th. The only Braves player not to accept the signs was <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SI-TGGEP_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI-TGGEP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1962, newly acquired <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Jay_Hook" title="Jay Hook">Jay Hook</a> accused his previous team, the 1961 National League champion <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a>, of stealing signs throughout the season with help from former Reds pitcher <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Lawrence" title="Brooks Lawrence">Brooks Lawrence</a>, stationed inside <a href="/wiki/Crosley_Field" title="Crosley Field">Crosley Field</a>'s scoreboard.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawrence denied the charge, and Reds manager <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hutchinson" title="Fred Hutchinson">Fred Hutchinson</a>, when asked if he would either confirm or deny the allegation, replied simply, "No. No comment."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forty years later, Hook's story was indirectly corroborated by another member of the 1961 Reds, pitcher-author <a href="/wiki/Jim_Brosnan" title="Jim Brosnan">Jim Brosnan</a>, who discussed the disappointing home-field performance by Reds hitters during the <a href="/wiki/1961_World_Series" title="1961 World Series">1961 World Series</a>, despite having Lawrence "up in the left-centerfield scoreboard, stealing every sign the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">Yankee</a> catchers gave."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Technology has been a component in most recent sign stealing incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017_Houston_Astros_scandal">2017 Houston Astros scandal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2017 Houston Astros scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros_sign_stealing_scandal" title="Houston Astros sign stealing scandal">Houston Astros sign stealing scandal</a></div> <p>After the 2019 season, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Fiers" title="Mike Fiers">Mike Fiers</a> alleged that the <a href="/wiki/2017_Houston_Astros_season" title="2017 Houston Astros season">2017 Houston Astros</a> used technology to illegally steal their opponents' signs and relay them to their hitters.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLB and the Astros opened an investigation into the allegation,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was expanded to encompass the 2018 and 2019 seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 13, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a> announced that MLB's investigation confirmed that the Astros illegally used a video camera system to steal signs during their 2017 and 2018 seasons. The organization was penalized with a $5 million fine, forfeiture of first- and second-round draft picks in 2020 and 2021, and the suspension of <a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">general manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Luhnow" title="Jeff Luhnow">Jeff Luhnow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">field manager</a> <a href="/wiki/A._J._Hinch" title="A. J. Hinch">A. J. Hinch</a> for one year;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luhnow and Hinch were subsequently fired by the team the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days after the Astros penalties were announced, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Beltr%C3%A1n" title="Carlos Beltrán">Carlos Beltrán</a> (an Astros player at the time of the scandal) mutually parted ways. Beltrán had been hired as the team's new manager on November 1, 2019, so at the time of the announcement he had never managed a game for the team. Beltrán was the only player specifically named in MLB's report on the Astros scandal. While he was not directly linked to any prohibited activity, he was one of several Astros players who met during that season to discuss improvements in their sign stealing.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017_Boston_Red_Sox:_Apple_Watch">2017 Boston Red Sox: Apple Watch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2017 Boston Red Sox: Apple Watch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2017_Boston_Red_Sox_season#Sign_stealing_revelations" title="2017 Boston Red Sox season">2017 Boston Red Sox season § Sign stealing revelations</a></div> <p>During the 2017 season, the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> were fined by MLB for using an <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a> to relay stolen signs to hitters in games against the New York Yankees.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 15, 2017, commissioner <a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a> had said in regards to the investigation into Boston's illicit use of an Apple Watch: "I have received absolute assurances from the Red Sox that there will be no future violations of this type."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 4, 2020, <a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gammons" title="Peter Gammons">Peter Gammons</a> reported that former Red Sox player <a href="/wiki/Chris_Young_(outfielder)" title="Chris Young (outfielder)">Chris Young</a> told him that he was the mastermind of the Red Sox's Apple Watch scheme. Young told Gammons, "I started the whole Apple Watch thing. I got it from when I was with the Yankees."<sup id="cite_ref-snyreports_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyreports-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-njyoung_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-njyoung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young later denied this, and Gammons retracted his comments via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snyreports_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyreports-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-njyoung_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-njyoung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SportsNet_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsNet New York">SportsNet New York</a> (SNY) revealed that Young had been interviewed by MLB officials as part of the 2017 investigation against the Red Sox, and that multiple sources told the sports news agency that Young was in fact a leader of the team's 2017 Apple Watch scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-snyreports_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyreports-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MLB fined the Yankees after their pitching coach, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Rothschild" title="Larry Rothschild">Larry Rothschild</a>, made a phone call to replay room officials to ask whether a particular pitch was a ball or a strike.<sup id="cite_ref-snyreports_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyreports-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2017 letter from commissioner Manfred to Yankees <a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">general manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cashman" title="Brian Cashman">Brian Cashman</a>, made public in 2022, indicated the Yankees were fined $100,000 for sign stealing.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018_Boston_Red_Sox:_video_replay">2018 Boston Red Sox: video replay</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2018 Boston Red Sox: video replay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2018_Boston_Red_Sox_season#Allegations_of_electronic_sign_stealing" title="2018 Boston Red Sox season">2018 Boston Red Sox season § Allegations of electronic sign stealing</a></div> <p>On January 7, 2020, the Red Sox were implicated in another sign stealing scandal after three unnamed team members told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Athletic" title="The Athletic">The Athletic</a></i> that the Red Sox had used their replay room to steal signs of opposing teams during the 2018 season.<sup id="cite_ref-theathletic1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theathletic1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 13, 2020, Manfred stated that he would determine the appropriate punishment for Red Sox manager <a href="/wiki/Alex_Cora" title="Alex Cora">Alex Cora</a>, who was also implicated in the Astros scandal, when the investigation was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, Cora and the Red Sox mutually agreed to part ways;<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Dombrowski" title="Dave Dombrowski">Dave Dombrowski</a>, the general manager who hired Cora, was dismissed from the Red Sox before the 2018 sign stealing scandal was made public.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 22, 2020, commissioner Manfred issued his report from the investigation,<sup id="cite_ref-mlb22april_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb22april-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> determining that the Red Sox replay operator had "utilized the game feeds in the replay room" to decode sign sequences but those actions were "limited in scope and impact", as the decoding only happened during some occurrences of the opposing team having a runner on second base and were not known to "then-Manager Alex Cora, the Red Sox coaching staff, the Red Sox front office, or most of the players".<sup id="cite_ref-mlb22april_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb22april-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video replay operator was suspended for the 2020 season and the team forfeited their second-round selection in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2020 Major League Baseball draft">2020 MLB draft</a>. Cora was separately suspended for a year for his actions in the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reactions_to_sign_stealing">Reactions to sign stealing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reactions to sign stealing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Nossek_Indians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Joe_Nossek_Indians.jpg/180px-Joe_Nossek_Indians.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Joe_Nossek_Indians.jpg/270px-Joe_Nossek_Indians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Joe_Nossek_Indians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nossek" title="Joe Nossek">Joe Nossek</a>, who served as an MLB coach for 28 seasons, was considered a "sign-stealing guru".<sup id="cite_ref-hidden_art_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hidden_art-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Former MLB executive <a href="/wiki/David_Samson_(baseball)" title="David Samson (baseball)">David Samson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_Radio" title="Fox Sports Radio">Fox Sports Radio</a>'s Jonas Knox have said they believe this type of cheating is widespread throughout the sport.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pitchers <a href="/wiki/Intentional_balk" title="Intentional balk">intentionally balked</a> when runners were on second base to try and negate the risk of sign-stealing. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2022 Major League Baseball season">2022 MLB season</a>, the league announced that teams could use <a href="/wiki/PitchCom" title="PitchCom">PitchCom</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a> communication system that allows the catcher to request pitches without using visible signals.<sup id="cite_ref-mlb-2022-04-05_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb-2022-04-05-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_sign_stealers">Notable sign stealers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable sign stealers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many players and coaches throughout baseball history have been considered adept at sign stealing. These include <a href="/wiki/Del_Baker" title="Del Baker">Del Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joey_Amalfitano" title="Joey Amalfitano">Joey Amalfitano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nossek" title="Joe Nossek">Joe Nossek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hidden_art_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hidden_art-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pitcher <a href="/wiki/Al_Worthington" title="Al Worthington">Al Worthington</a> had a religious objection to sign stealing, and quit both the <a href="/wiki/1959_San_Francisco_Giants_season" title="1959 San Francisco Giants season">1959 Giants</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1960_Chicago_White_Sox_season" title="1960 Chicago White Sox season">1960 White Sox</a> because of the teams' sign stealing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manager <a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Whitey Herzog</a> was known to complain about other teams stealing signs. After a game where the Brewers were found to be sign stealing using their mascot <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Brewer" title="Bernie Brewer">Bernie Brewer</a>, he reportedly said, "Maybe we should put a <a href="/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division" title="Texas Ranger Division">Texas Ranger</a> or somebody out there and shoot a gun or something when a curveball is coming," referring to the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_baseball" title="Cheating in baseball">Cheating in baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamesmanship" title="Gamesmanship">Gamesmanship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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CBSSports.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alex+Cora%27s+managerial+career%2C+which+started+with+historic+success%2C+appears+to+be+over&rft.pub=CBSSports.com&rft.date=2020-01-15&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Dayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Falex-coras-managerial-career-which-started-with-historic-success-appears-to-be-over%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlb22april-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mlb22april_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mlb22april_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/red-sox-sign-stealing-decision">"Commissioner decision on Red Sox investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. April 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=MLB+suspends+Red+Sox+replay+operator%2C+docks+draft+pick%3B+Alex+Cora+suspended+for+conduct+with+Astros&rft.date=2020-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F29083660%2Fmlb-suspends-red-sox-replay-operator-1-year-docks-draft-pick-punishment-sign-stealing-scandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stitcher.com/s?eid=67300233">"MLB Spring Training: Beltran targeted, Astros circus, Red Sox interim (2/12) from Nothing Personal with David Samson"</a>. <i>www.stitcher.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stitcher.com&rft.atitle=MLB+Spring+Training%3A+Beltran+targeted%2C+Astros+circus%2C+Red+Sox+interim+%282%2F12%29+from+Nothing+Personal+with+David+Samson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stitcher.com%2Fs%3Feid%3D67300233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foxsportsradio.iheart.com/content/2020-02-22-enough-with-the-grandstanding-the-astros-cant-be-the-only-ones/">"Enough with the Grandstanding, the Astros Can't Be the Only Ones"</a>. <i>FOX Sports Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FOX+Sports+Radio&rft.atitle=Enough+with+the+Grandstanding%2C+the+Astros+Can%27t+Be+the+Only+Ones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoxsportsradio.iheart.com%2Fcontent%2F2020-02-22-enough-with-the-grandstanding-the-astros-cant-be-the-only-ones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlb-2022-04-05-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mlb-2022-04-05_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastrovince2022" class="citation news cs1">Castrovince, Anthony (April 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/pitchcom-approved-for-use-in-2022-regular-season">"MLB informs clubs PitchCom is approved for '22 season"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB+informs+clubs+PitchCom+is+approved+for+%2722+season&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft.aulast=Castrovince&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fpitchcom-approved-for-use-in-2022-regular-season&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitter2010" class="citation book cs1">Ritter, Lawrence S. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/462910535"><i>The Glory of Their Times: The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It</i></a> (Enlarged; First Harper Perennial Modern classics ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-199471-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-199471-5"><bdi>978-0-06-199471-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/462910535">462910535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glory+of+Their+Times%3A+The+Story+of+the+Early+Days+of+Baseball+Told+by+the+Men+Who+Played+It&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Enlarged%3B+First+Harper+Perennial+Modern+classics&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F462910535&rft.isbn=978-0-06-199471-5&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F462910535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernan2001" class="citation web cs1">Kernan, Kevin (February 11, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2001/02/11/there-is-spying-in-baseball/">"There Is Spying in Baseball"</a>. <i>New York Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117171244/https://nypost.com/2001/02/11/there-is-spying-in-baseball/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=There+Is+Spying+in+Baseball&rft.date=2001-02-11&rft.aulast=Kernan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2001%2F02%2F11%2Fthere-is-spying-in-baseball%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerkin2004" class="citation web cs1">Merkin, Scott (September 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/content/printer_friendly/mlb/y2004/m09/d14/c857720.jsp">"Stealing signs as an art form"</a>. Major League Baseball. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118013915/http://mlb.mlb.com/content/printer_friendly/mlb/y2004/m09/d14/c857720.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stealing+signs+as+an+art+form&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft.date=2004-09-14&rft.aulast=Merkin&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fcontent%2Fprinter_friendly%2Fmlb%2Fy2004%2Fm09%2Fd14%2Fc857720.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_stealing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2019" class="citation book cs1">Dickson, Paul (2019). <i>The Hidden Language of Baseball: How Signs and Sign-Stealing Have Influenced the Course of Our National Pastime</i>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1496217875" title="Special:BookSources/978-1496217875"><bdi>978-1496217875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+Language+of+Baseball%3A+How+Signs+and+Sign-Stealing+Have+Influenced+the+Course+of+Our+National+Pastime&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1496217875&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurbowDuca2010" class="citation book cs1">Turbow, Jason; Duca, Michael (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baseballcodesbea0000turb"><i>The Baseball Codes: Beanballs, Sign Stealing, and Bench-Clearing Brawls: The Unwritten Rules of America's Pastime</i></a></span>. Pantheon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0375424694" title="Special:BookSources/978-0375424694"><bdi>978-0375424694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baseball+Codes%3A+Beanballs%2C+Sign+Stealing%2C+and+Bench-Clearing+Brawls%3A+The+Unwritten+Rules+of+America%27s+Pastime&rft.pub=Pantheon&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0375424694&rft.aulast=Turbow&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Duca%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbaseballcodesbea0000turb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign+stealing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball" title="Template:Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball" title="Template talk:Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_and_softball_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_baseball" title="Outline of baseball">Outline</a></b> · <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Glossary</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules" title="Baseball rules">Rules of baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejection_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejection (baseball)">Ejections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rules" title="Ground rules">Ground rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_flight" title="In flight">In flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_clock" title="Pitch clock">Pitch clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protested_game" title="Protested game">Protested game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_game" title="Suspended game">Suspended game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unwritten_rules_of_baseball" title="Unwritten rules of baseball">Unwritten rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_baseball" title="Cheating in baseball">Cheating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_baseball_and_softball" title="Comparison of baseball and softball">Comparison of baseball and softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">fastpitch softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch softball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballpark" title="Ballpark">Ballpark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstop_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backstop (baseball)">Backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">Baseball diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's box">Batter's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_eye" title="Batter's eye">Batter's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullpen" title="Bullpen">Bullpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(baseball)" title="Dugout (baseball)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul pole">Foul pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield" title="Infield">Infield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfield" title="Outfield">Outfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warning_track" title="Warning track">Warning track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_clothing_and_equipment" title="Baseball clothing and equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_(ball)" title="Baseball (ball)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_cage" title="Batting cage">Batting cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_glove" title="Batting glove">Batting glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_doughnut" title="Baseball doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_glove" title="Baseball glove">Glove (defense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_machine" title="Pitching machine">Pitching machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockstrap#Protective_cup" title="Jockstrap">Protective cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_guard" title="Shin guard">Shin guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_stirrups" title="Baseball stirrups">Stirrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_number_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Uniform number (Major League Baseball)">Uniform number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">Batting order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inning" title="Inning">Innings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extra_innings" title="Extra innings">extra innings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positions" title="Baseball positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_of_play" title="Pace of play">Pace of play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">Batting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_bat" title="At bat">At bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore chop">Baltimore chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_flip" title="Bat flip">Bat flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batted_ball" title="Batted ball">Batted ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_(baseball)" title="Count (baseball)">Batting count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_out_of_turn" title="Batting out of turn">Batting out of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">Bunt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">sacrifice bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_bunt" title="Slap bunt">slap bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">squeeze play</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charging_the_mound" title="Charging the mound">Charging the mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checked_swing" title="Checked swing">Checked swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanup_hitter" title="Cleanup hitter">Cleanup hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_switch_(baseball)" title="Double switch (baseball)">Double switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_tip" title="Foul tip">Foul tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_sombrero" title="Golden sombrero">Golden sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rule_double" title="Ground rule double">Ground rule double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat-trick#Baseball" title="Hat-trick">Hat trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">Hit by pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_for_the_cycle" title="Hitting for the cycle">Hitting for the cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">Grand slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run" title="Inside-the-park home run">Inside-the-park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk-off_home_run" title="Walk-off home run">Walk-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshot_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonshot (baseball)">Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_home_run" title="Chinese home run">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_hit" title="Infield hit">Infield hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadoff_hitter" title="Leadoff hitter">Leadoff hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefty-righty_switch" title="Lefty-righty switch">Lefty-righty switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Line drive">Line drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Line" title="Mendoza Line">Mendoza Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">Plate appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_system" title="Platoon system">Platoon system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_hitter" title="Pull hitter">Pull hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">Sacrifice fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">Single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_spot_(sports)" title="Sweet spot (sports)">Sweet spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_hitter" title="Switch hitter">Switch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">Triple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">Pitching</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(softball)" title="Pitch (softball)">(softball)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">Beanball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">Breaking ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">Brushback pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">Changeup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_changeup" title="Vulcan changeup">Vulcan changeup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">Curveball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eephus_pitch" title="Eephus pitch">Eephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_ball" title="Emery ball">Emery ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">Fastball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-seam_fastball" title="Two-seam fastball">two-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-seam_fastball" title="Four-seam fastball">four-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_fastball" title="Cut fastball">cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinker_(pitch)" title="Sinker (pitch)">sinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-finger_fastball" title="Split-finger fastball">split-finger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Full count">Full count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning" title="List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning">Immaculate inning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_pitching" title="Inside pitching">Inside pitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_balk" title="Intentional balk">Intentional balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls" title="Intentional base on balls">Intentional walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball" title="Knuckleball">Knuckleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddux_(statistic)" title="Maddux (statistic)">Maddux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hitter" title="No-hitter">No-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">Perfect game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_count" title="Pitch count">Pitch count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_position" title="Pitching position">Pitching position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchout" title="Pitchout">Pitchout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick pitch">Quick pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball" title="Screwball">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutout_(baseball)" title="Shutout (baseball)">Shutout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(pitch)" title="Slider (pitch)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">Spitball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_out_the_side" title="Striking out the side">Striking out the side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_pitcher" title="Switch pitcher">Switch pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_of_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Time of pitch">Time of pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Base running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_loaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Bases loaded">Bases loaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_off" title="Lead off">Lead off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_on_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Left on base">Left on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstruction_(baseball)" title="Obstruction (baseball)">Obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_(baseball)" title="Safe (baseball)">Safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_position" title="Scoring position">Scoring position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(baseball)" title="Slide (baseball)">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_ball_(baseball)" title="Small ball (baseball)">Small ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_up" title="Tag up">Tag up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_goes_to_the_runner" title="Tie goes to the runner">Tie goes to the runner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fielding<br /><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positioning" title="Baseball positioning">(positioning)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_play" title="Appeal play">Appeal play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(baseball)" title="Assist (baseball)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_the_plate" title="Blocking the plate">Blocking the plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_(baseball)" title="Catch (baseball)">Catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covering_a_base" title="Covering a base">Covering a base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_indifference" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive indifference">Defensive indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_play" title="Double play">Double play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">Error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice" title="Fielder's choice">Fielder's choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_infielder" title="Fifth infielder">Fifth infielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_play" title="Force play">Force play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_out" title="Fourth out">Fourth out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_ball_trick" title="Hidden ball trick">Hidden ball trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-between_hop" title="In-between hop">In-between hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_shift" title="Infield shift">Infield shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_play" title="Neighborhood play">Neighborhood play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_ball" title="Passed ball">Passed ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putout" title="Putout">Putout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_out" title="Tag out">Tag out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">Triple play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unassisted_triple_play" title="Unassisted triple play">unassisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaught_third_strike" title="Uncaught third strike">Uncaught third strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_climb" title="Wall climb">Wall climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_play" title="Wheel play">Wheel play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_card" title="Baseball card">Baseball card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench jockey">Bench jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench-clearing_brawl" title="Bench-clearing brawl">Bench-clearing brawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_ball#Baseball" title="Dead ball">Dead ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleheader_(baseball)" title="Doubleheader (baseball)">Doubleheader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injured_list" title="Injured list">Injured list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_films" title="List of baseball films">List of baseball films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_(baseball)" title="Pepper (baseball)">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping" title="Baseball scorekeeping">Scorekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_(baseball)" title="Series (baseball)">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-inning_stretch" title="Seventh-inning stretch">Seventh-inning stretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagging_(baseball)" title="Shagging (baseball)">Shagging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sign stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slump_(sports)" title="Slump (sports)">Slump</a></li> <li>Streak <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Losing_streak#Baseball" title="Losing streak">losing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winning_streak#Baseball" title="Winning streak">winning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Variations of baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball" title="Category:Baseball">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" 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