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Semenke - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija

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href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Zadnje spremembe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-obcestvo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-obcestvo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skupnost </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Vsebina" title="Kraj, kjer lahko prejmete pomoč"><span>Pomoč</span></a></li><li id="n-Pod-lipo" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Pod_lipo"><span>Pod lipo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Portal_skupnosti" title="O projektu, 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&amp;returnto=Semenke" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&amp;returnto=Semenke" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Medsebojna_razmerja_in_terminologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medsebojna_razmerja_in_terminologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Medsebojna razmerja in terminologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medsebojna_razmerja_in_terminologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Semenke</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 82 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadplant" title="Saadplant – afrikanščina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saadplant" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بذريات – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بذريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بذريات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بذريات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – asturijščina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxumlu_bitkil%C9%99r" title="Toxumlu bitkilər – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toxumlu bitkilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Насенныя расліны – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Насенныя расліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Насенныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Насенныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семенни растения – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семенни растения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="बीज वाला पौधा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बीज वाला पौधा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8De" title="Sjemenjače – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjemenjače" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espermat%C3%B2fits" title="Espermatòfits – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espermatòfits" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenn%C3%A9_rostliny" title="Semenné rostliny – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semenné rostliny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D3%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вăрăллă ӳсентăран – čuvaščina" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăрăллă ӳсентăран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8planter" title="Frøplanter – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frøplanter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samenpflanzen" title="Samenpflanzen – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samenpflanzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Σπερματόφυτα – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπερματόφυτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_plant" title="Seed plant – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seed plant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semplantoj" title="Semplantoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semplantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seemnetaimed" title="Seemnetaimed – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seemnetaimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanerogamo" title="Fanerogamo – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fanerogamo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیدازادان – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیدازادان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenkasvit" title="Siemenkasvit – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siemenkasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siadplaanten" title="Siadplaanten – severna frizijščina" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siadplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espermat%C3%B3fita" title="Espermatófita – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Espermatófita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99_%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%A2" title="צמחי זרע – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמחי זרע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6" title="पुष्पोद्भिद – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुष्पोद्भिद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8De" title="Sjemenjače – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjemenjače" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir%C3%A1gos_n%C3%B6v%C3%A9nyek" title="Virágos növények – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virágos növények" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սերմնավոր բույսեր – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերմնավոր բույսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji" title="Tumbuhan berbiji – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tumbuhan berbiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyte" title="Spermatophyte – ilokanščina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Spermatophyte" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanerogamo" title="Fanerogamo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fanerogamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A6pl%C3%B6ntur" title="Fræplöntur – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fræplöntur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="種子植物 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種子植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanduran_wewiji" title="Tetanduran wewiji – javanščina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetanduran wewiji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="თესლოვანი მცენარეები – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თესლოვანი მცენარეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinifsanin" title="Tinifsanin – kabilščina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tinifsanin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тұқымды өсімдіктер – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұқымды өсімдіктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EC%9E%90%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="종자식물 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종자식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwek%C3%AAn_tovdar" title="Riwekên tovdar – kurdščina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Riwekên tovdar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D3%A9%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Уруктуу өсүмдүктөр – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уруктуу өсүмдүктөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somplanzen" title="Somplanzen – luksemburščina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Somplanzen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%93klaugi" title="Sēklaugi – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sēklaugi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Семени растенија – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семени растенија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബീജസസ്യം – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബീജസസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatofit" title="Spermatofit – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spermatofit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အစေ့ရှိအပင် – burmanščina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစေ့ရှိအပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinachtlanelhuay%C5%8Dtl" title="Xinachtlanelhuayōtl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xinachtlanelhuayōtl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaodplaanten" title="Zaodplaanten – nizka saščina" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zaodplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nizka saščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaadplanten" title="Zaadplanten – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zaadplanten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8plantar" title="Frøplantar – novonorveščina" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frøplantar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novonorveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8planter" title="Frøplanter – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frøplanter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – okcitanščina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_nasienne" title="Rośliny nasienne – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rośliny nasienne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espermat%C3%B3fitas" title="Espermatófitas – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espermatófitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muruyuq" title="Muruyuq – kečuanščina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muruyuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatofite" title="Spermatofite – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spermatofite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семенные растения – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семенные растения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyte" title="Spermatophyte – škotščina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spermatophyte" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8De" title="Sjemenjače – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjemenjače" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyte" title="Spermatophyte – sinhalščina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Spermatophyte" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_plants" title="Seed plants – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seed plants" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenn%C3%A9_rastliny" title="Semenné rastliny – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Semenné rastliny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuwuhan_Siki" title="Tutuwuhan Siki – sundanščina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tutuwuhan Siki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6v%C3%A4xter" title="Fröväxter – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fröväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வித்துத் தாவரங்கள் – tamilščina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வித்துத் தாவரங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="విత్తనపు మొక్క – telugijščina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విత్తనపు మొక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohumlu_bitkiler" title="Tohumlu bitkiler – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tohumlu bitkiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Насінні – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Насінні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piante_da_fioro" title="Piante da fioro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piante da fioro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_c%C3%B3_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Thực vật có hạt – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật có hạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – varajščina" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="种子植物 – wu-kitajščina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="种子植物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="种子植物 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="种子植物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ng-ch%C3%AD_si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chéng-chí si̍t-bu̍t – min nan kitajščina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chéng-chí si̍t-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="種子植物 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="種子植物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25814#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Semenke" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogovor:Semenke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani (stran ne obstaja) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semenke&amp;action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semenke&amp;action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align:center; padding:2.5px; width:230px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:lightgreen;">Semenke<br /><small>Fosilni razpon: <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>? ali prej do <a href="/wiki/Holocen" title="Holocen">recentno</a>, <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">319–0&#160;<a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,214,123); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Predkambrij" title="Predkambrij">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Kambrij" title="Kambrij">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovicij" title="Ordovicij">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonij" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonij">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Perm" title="Perm">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Jura" title="Jura">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,200,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Kreda" title="Kreda">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen"><small>Pg</small></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen"><small>N</small></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:89.692307692308px; width:130.30769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:112.03076923077px; width:107.96923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:113.03076923077px; width:105.96923076923px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></small> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg/200px-Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg/300px-Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg/400px-Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="531" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center"><i>Welwitschia mirabilis</i>, vrsta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetophyta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetophyta (stran ne obstaja)">gnetovcev</a></div></small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/Znanstvena_klasifikacija_%C5%BEivih_bitij" title="Znanstvena klasifikacija živih bitij">Znanstvena klasifikacija</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Kraljestvo: </td> <td><span class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> (rastline)</span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background:lightgreen;"> <th><b>Debla</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 .5em; text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">Pinophyta</a> - iglavci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycadophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycadophyta">Cycadophyta</a> - sagovci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginkgophyta">Ginkgophyta</a> - ginkovci</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetophyta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetophyta (stran ne obstaja)">Gnetophyta</a> - gnetovci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a> - kritosemenke</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Seménke</b> (<a href="/wiki/Znanstvena_klasifikacija_%C5%BEivih_bitij" title="Znanstvena klasifikacija živih bitij">znanstveno ime</a> <i><b>Spermatophyta</b></i>) (imenovane tudi <b>fanerogame</b>) so tiste <a href="/wiki/Rastline" title="Rastline">rastline</a>, ki tvorijo <a href="/wiki/Seme" title="Seme">semena</a>. So podskupina <a href="/wiki/Cevnice" class="mw-redirect" title="Cevnice">cevnic</a> oz. kopenskih rastlin. Današnje semenke obsegajo pet skupin: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagovci" title="Sagovci">sagovci</a> (Cycadophyta), skupina subtropskih in tropskih rastlin z veliko krošnjo sestavljenih listov in močnim deblom,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkovci" title="Ginkovci">ginkovci</a> (Ginkgophyta), danes živeča vrsta iz te skupine je samo <a href="/wiki/Dvokrpi_ginko" title="Dvokrpi ginko">dvokrpi ginko</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglavci" title="Iglavci">iglavci</a> (Pinopsida), drevesa in <a href="/wiki/Grm" class="mw-redirect" title="Grm">grmi</a> z iglicami,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetovci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetovci (stran ne obstaja)">gnetovci</a> (Gnetophyta), olesenele rastline iz rodov <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetum (stran ne obstaja)">Gnetum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Welwitschia" class="mw-redirect" title="Welwitschia">Welwitschia</a></i> in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephedra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ephedra (stran ne obstaja)">Ephedra</a></i>, ter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritosemenke" title="Kritosemenke">kritosemenke</a> (Angiospermae, Magnoliophyta), velika skupina številnih poznanih rastlin iz zelo različnih habitatov.</li></ul> <p>Uspevajo tudi na sušnejših območjih, saj za razliko od manj razvitih rastlin za njihovo razmnoževanje <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> več ni nujno potrebna - <a href="/wiki/Celica" title="Celica">celice</a> ne plavajo. Rastejo tako v morju, sladkih vodah in na kopnem. </p><p>Pri <a href="/wiki/Metageneza" title="Metageneza">metagenezi</a> semenk prevladuje <a href="/wiki/Sporofit" title="Sporofit">sporofit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gametofit" title="Gametofit">gametofit</a> obsega le nekaj celic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medsebojna_razmerja_in_terminologija">Medsebojna razmerja in terminologija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semenke&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Medsebojna razmerja in terminologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semenke&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Medsebojna razmerja in terminologija"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semenke so tradicionalno delili v <a href="/wiki/Kritosemenke" title="Kritosemenke">kritosemenke</a> (angiosperme) in <a href="/wiki/Golosemenke" title="Golosemenke">golosemenke</a> (gimnosperme), sem pa so spadali gnetovci, sagovci, ginkovci in iglavci. Danes menimo, da so se kritosemenke razvile iz golosemenskega prednika, kar bi ob upoštevanju izumrlih taksonov pomenilo, da so <a href="/wiki/Parafilija" title="Parafilija">parafiletska</a> skupina. Čeprav niso <a href="/wiki/Monofilija" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofilija">monofiletska</a> taksonomska enota, se še vedno veliko uporabljajo za ločevanje od kritosemenk. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekularna_filogenija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekularna filogenija (stran ne obstaja)">Molekularnofilogenetski</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morfologija_(biologija)" title="Morfologija (biologija)">morfološki</a> podatki so si pri vprašanju, ali so današnje golosemenke monofiletska skupina, navzkriž. Nekateri morfološki podatki kažejo, da so gnetovci sorodna skupina kritosemenk, molekularnofilogenetski podatki pa v splošnem razkrivajo klad golosemenk, v katerem so gnetovci sorodna skupina iglavcev. </p><p>Po tradicionalni klasifikaciji spadajo vse semenke v eno samo <a href="/wiki/Deblo_(biologija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deblo (biologija)">deblo</a>, ki obsega pet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razred_(taksonomija)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Razred (taksonomija) (stran ne obstaja)">razredov</a>: </p> <ul><li>Deblo <b>Spermatophyta</b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cycadopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycadopsida">Cycadopsida</a></b>, sagovci</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ginkgoopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginkgoopsida">Ginkgoopsida</a></b>, ginkovci</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pinopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinopsida">Pinopsida</a></b> (»Coniferopsida«), iglavci,</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetopsida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetopsida (stran ne obstaja)">Gnetopsida</a></b>, gnetovci</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></b> (»Angiospermopsida«), <a href="/wiki/Kritosemenke" title="Kritosemenke">kritosemenke</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Poleg zgoraj navedenih taksonov vsebujejo fosilni zapisi podatke o številnih <a href="/wiki/Izumrtje" title="Izumrtje">izumrlih</a> taksonih semenk. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pteridospermae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pteridospermae (stran ne obstaja)">Pteridospermae</a> (»praproti s semeni«), katerih gozdovi so prevladovali v poznem <a href="/wiki/Paleozoik" title="Paleozoik">paleozoiku</a>, so bile ena najzgodnejših uspešnih skupin kopenskih rastlin. V <a href="/wiki/Perm" title="Perm">permu</a> je bil najuspešnejši <a href="/wiki/Rod_(biologija)" title="Rod (biologija)">rod</a> <a href="/wiki/Drevo" title="Drevo">dreves</a> na stari <a href="/wiki/Nadcelina" title="Nadcelina">nadcelini</a> <a href="/wiki/Gondvana" title="Gondvana">Gondvani</a> rod <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossopteris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossopteris (stran ne obstaja)">Glossopteris</a></i>. Do začetka <a href="/wiki/Triada" class="mw-disambig" title="Triada">triade</a> se je ekološki pomen pteridosperm zmanjšal in so do konca <a href="/wiki/Kreda" title="Kreda">krede</a>, ko so se razširile kritosemenke, prevladovale predstavnice današnjih skupin golosemenk. Razmnožujejo se s fotosintezo. Po sodobnejši klasifikaciji so te skupine samostojna debla (včasih združene v naddeblo Spermatophyta): </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cycadophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycadophyta">Cycadophyta</a></b>, sagovci</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ginkgophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginkgophyta">Ginkgophyta</a></b>, ginkovci</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">Pinophyta</a></b>, iglavci</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnetophyta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnetophyta (stran ne obstaja)">Gnetophyta</a></b>, gnetovci</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a></b>, kritosemenke</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola: Narodne knjižnice</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25814#identifiers" title="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih"><img alt="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX525098">Španija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb126475847">Francija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb126475847">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076988-4">Nemčija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007538710605171">Izrael</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85100570">ZDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565514">Japonska</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph116124&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Češka republika</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐594d4bbbb‐p25q5 Cached time: 20241102012706 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.240 seconds Real time usage: 0.326 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9638/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27388/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9693/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.061/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1194294/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 284.759 1 -total 77.24% 219.945 1 Predloga:Taksonomka 71.83% 204.553 1 Predloga:Fossilrange 67.20% 191.370 1 Predloga:Phanerozoic_220px 53.99% 153.754 34 Predloga:Period_start 51.98% 148.030 11 Predloga:Fossil_range/bar 35.10% 99.937 34 Predloga:Period_id 25.33% 72.131 11 Predloga:Period_end 22.70% 64.633 1 Predloga:Normativna_kontrola 18.47% 52.607 34 Predloga:MultiReplace --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key slwiki:pcache:idhash:27492-0!canonical and timestamp 20241102012706 and revision id 5427045. 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