CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "pubs.geoscienceworld.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8f0419b61d4ff93a',cH: 'DYc40bhIPYJw73ExVDg6AnrxGH1m.guxYLatlxXT9mM-1733905698-1.2.1.1-LOvbPl8z8gytecQHICZJmivDo8lp.RWfMlQuoaq4cyHLA5zsJL8ASig9EziPj7kw',cUPMDTk: "\/gsa\/gsabulletin\/article-abstract\/115\/1\/89\/183914\/High-resolution-stable-isotope-stratigraphy-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext&__cf_chl_tk=6MaOWOtppWSL.ZhB1YJIK83tMRiIHHOZJAE8EDEoh4s-1733905698-1.0.1.1-4jX_kxeuRKC.7chmQRcuOMWGA2BB8_v3cruk5GDE8.k",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1733905698',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/gsa\/gsabulletin\/article-abstract\/115\/1\/89\/183914\/High-resolution-stable-isotope-stratigraphy-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext&__cf_chl_f_tk=6MaOWOtppWSL.ZhB1YJIK83tMRiIHHOZJAE8EDEoh4s-1733905698-1.0.1.1-4jX_kxeuRKC.7chmQRcuOMWGA2BB8_v3cruk5GDE8.k",md: ".U2CFp0T6RuCQJQAcGSOO1wqD1ejznd3b_w2I76KbJw-1733905698-1.2.1.1-Xsk0HsSXzK4GS5FSComUmFqtUzWz4VsOpZvgWXCphwRjcrAiVbkpaU4V.7eFSTLAgIj9172KrYv65hHMLCcs.J.4bDVEeISPTaCEPyU6IMqnnC1ER.jvQ1j_mQXFQCZ08ksYlZ9I62PKc1STgSaon75kybJDwU0CnhVMLiRNJlzN6AJhQLywYP_3hAV7rt.z3LYX_1AZiqYfhjGIbYR4U1B96A29SzXEZaKRreGbAOvdUNXxseOkW9Qg_iss4NNdC.09Zp2Q8_4lyv6MCY.wMy5nwr4gQizybFKuuUNx6eZL4rdsjo3f_3wWPTkP6Byb5A_h3oaNzT1lpdKbWVwhrgEMvF0P_s2Yc8Fd9FhezD9hJ99Z9E5kRW6orqziuGbnNYtecCOoO6ipJKXrW3.7keY1QpKy8hTZ9BpLzXnHuSb0GiIlwvHqQIceAq7.M8SFzc4s20xFggzY66YTMoHfWY5SYitayAhayjT6GSD4B80Yzhu2IZkxUy8r1lAPYEqujr4V0MaOtAZgVzRLxrQ7wknTC3UIIO7IIWlcoJKklLbDkAFV2Gn4whZiR4H7jnvV_kx07aCcpF74pax93888WbOdMTIEU3mkPL8GAs_m6LWt3F72TSHf4TMjl_pq1Zi1jZ1QdsiZm09wdzq1H0G_2w9Rif9YvdGMFrq2NUddcEA9K7TLPaep1bWDmKx92y6_FQpz4t2DHijrskpHRLUHxJEVsROcQV8YRK.KiYRJ32V3fsgJtyiHuyRWIgPTi9fEk21wx9guVU87KqkV9SYd9oy7KUUPWFS1OpU5ekprPUbrWlbDiEhheg6AjPEornjyuiHtbHOvaz95UpZaTD0GAGWwefijGsB2nOj0OZ9Z9WTDI_u4ktVPiUN0T.kuGDCD.wqLfiKMMA1yHoRKwXvcg.djvjtOuL2.aqKXLwrAEvyQ7Hvko.oXldEN.TlxKedCRaLJlFKJyjxl6E8pUmIxPz0VZ9.xpUxxHoDGupkZbNDiWD9zs0qbuxgmHOqZMaFV3rI6_bumEK8SKrf7SunE3gAgva6_iGEvkktByVIRy51ZADmPeDFxTMlhUcEbwTQVaFaA.14kOnG_DmpI_QO8SKs30e9f4iP_VzzyBumeMO__y8GZt6eA8fAEFuW_lAl6eZ.s9qlZnypoY_bQNgmHtX4AgYscAAZy6DPrTxDOuKscgpRVgNB2loutBBz3xTk2y0_6m4A8RH9ySOC2vJDvc0sdbypDdEMBYwvDFPgfYK7JvNfifKtr16c7OyxWZwPlfP9nICFwnbTREGBqsAJY6AC4PFph9S_0OS9k.ZjwAZFq0e.j3vCLgG2TIiYNOBJ01nXJ0xlomjylOY9qZDr1MHzprpFougxTPX2JJQUaxm_pklKKyz8IxjRuEFTT9_JikzlrTrxspb4k._3EI9JASgT5OPLFpp_qi90p9j63vBtcRl88Ms6_h8jV_EodLyyasdUxEeb8M1XAADUI8pq19BBz0SURQgZ1WIEeYytwtNuw32nYG0BNyak4P7hN_zUcE0FnbxeMs.WAHTcrWgjkHVv19_Das0rLyMdA9Us9F0dk4tZ5mlOozMtDPDkk9BibKCQ3H_bjzURqVYLS4Rb4Rk4LEqmHVjd9dYMjzP1WEuTrl7YKs8aue2oWgrnYkLL.kzIpJhvu2f_CdX_wDxsFOTkIoKTBc_9Gk6ZeA4JNZLg7idiilStee6c96ajaYrXtwluw1QLItwFbd7Z3YdjmzzF5hg8wRnKD1a0iKDZ9q8YQzr2Ee6ZFq3vC5A2Uab5LCrLa12eJOLimy8li019aHD91O.aZRXiAIamSIVFAIGLbWjRdv6aEYu_j0uOjGt06bTDnRcuKXTaFpoBMR7v.9d.qmTQbfqEDeFBiLFaofQ5Y7RzBVLSze2z2h3HykBqBxbmcenw__SFhVlONu7TGAOpBkdCBCLN3KetwxKhupq5CpTAjGyA3oRD2Xd0JNMdOGzAMZ53PxBZZAk6nXZIGmny.O71GCrQSKty4nyUvomr0jikIL82dCHVT.IAbGhKsSruD9Y2Z6gGcdJWTT7mpWoaIuaPzn4lF1goLfs1XI9L8f6IERkskRd8T00zGTDA0GbMVLwP6NBbUo4A5ej6scgd_9gssraN7aYxzknohDvoSCvEp1f6q2QZ7tcizm01KW8Y9WboW5C6w9emHY0stpYQ4f1g5KYlms8tSChMotR_8nOfTCDxT1QFS901UJGV7hk4shnfVEa37xI.8kp63iyoCRDyI.j7vR1MtWD4OkmTb5hdQ.fNtgbPF4YGcKKkDPF_En5AItHIlHaw2IoEMh5iwpMCzl.h9QDXcbSWYzeSrcj97ms5vDFa_Bk33rIpACxfp1_Y6W6egIt8keAcAmip4fFcOPsdynhGqMxUSoguZBAnoA0DufhOAo2HPIyqd_DWfti2jG4r5NFBLYR7Owr9cEmZ2tHSu4avaYow5U51lhJGYdj9MoQ.dlw06eHpUpPgJdSvd5_9qfoZU7MXEjP1IxzgssE5D4_2OIRJ5Bzf17l8QqDUgVPfuyz8CD_awjBg03puuxAVZiuxi__Nobrr_efq28ksnNvw2h4T5rR4Q.BUB0iBTYSYvAqfH0gyt_nCuwcE46U4mlEIGFpZaZuxwiez0eODJ6xQN081IxCt5O8BavYowgoUF2Ex21e8FiZ2faxBY0fpuZRH3R7WpBSRn2agT1eA3Uah4UCPCN8DmTfFKj_ORkHKjX7YOvNv0nMeKCk.yyzkurDEt6AmyXlKWrdcpNH42GJMe5PmmW6cGmeD5wlq53IMydGfRza.ktJZQk2d0esrfbyLA8m0uHq8EkCmoHmze4wnT3PPKPFe9fIBiqeQ.NfqPHFVbT5Q88Rd.ISjx4CGuEeLjcZcREKZBDOKiuLqO5MjB2pq8niGBPIJU6_BM1E5HptY3dV_1e44RqSorChUGQd3zTifbFYZt3K7LtzrPcucpH5Wjsp0dFlktEsUZQJsmpCcLSs8M0xxhzF5lik7UfFVVk3gvmu4DhOR0xVc3jRjdLa040W2Y9kbModyacdbgTfGH..tWAAYYtMZzGX6S4xgWI1NMniNWLeXa_UuXvRNdyEl9m.4Kv9G3GTqWyXRl8Zj_eGqcVlek50bSm.TDX5nJ2apIdVhng6E6BXof.l6y8Pprs7nKw8COKw8Uh8_jNGgPv90XOIVTPH_4dpVi_M_bxneQgLnmOfEfuJr6nXvInGChTbQ",mdrd: "tS2sEMe_8ON.Q6WtqYAqMeBVDjGOpKkvzH6S3P5cPUk-1733905698-1.2.1.1-N.lLPJPlbORN883HcTzXBTUTy_d99_wK2eBTa6A2H0r5fz82U87VLG.zvcSOcYob0GK5hQeUIavHAT9x_oEWDRUErQ8shSl43su.huR1ZC60UG6bh1DULqCBCvDtEIlABYbkxV4UNC4_jfbE8QsfVDy6YpUE0NzZ43xHuJyYj1X9W8d0ij2j.9Cb7yUWdKy1veDrDEbH2L6SjZT.Bz3sNHD2F9LssbfY3kOr0dw9AwKOFm2.axrTg.K2uWsUh4f3xm1zxek_7835aUm.0qc4.fOttcLHO5WTmPGPN8w8y6x9qnKeFQzhZMk.fbHUn0onzw4NVxI._Sv2dxTMxn4hSOcjtCLUyeQjaL_eBMiS0PA_33VRxYheFfXLmhLeVbBTUsJ1CQPn8N883mLDbVi4syXSaKlcZGwKiQkZImCRN9ieDqYaD13g3S7AGJdqEiQQ3mQz3ilN5.3FhKkOgxDEN9bSQP_.CRMM0RC5Zwo9rrvkyqBQQocmx44.r3dQ5BREKw.xTD9th7ywmTU4FGBnzQRe8FYBPWapiz63BiDUEsMRGS.LgXvSdlvkWtBWE_yT4ekO2ktqGRJhfjZBoAp9WFXDalHuDDc7PMkbzyEvIdhUsMGwWO8gm1k3GqsGU5nSRLtPrF9hYT_xZzz_UdwxHFkEi9EO437CN63Igid2DOC8hgxIUTgufh8fP.Y.3oMYazfwOQOaf9UzT3YCk74gbQS6bCejlSBDAw4hVmriaoA8kyiI9aozu_A8990U8r0JZVMUJ4HDWGr1SwLCjCPccCkeZRaJ4_ayGp.RP3wiEUFQj5pIl02rocV7IUXSnkDqPKdVH0Sb3KrLl6Zkw6C60PSK6XKp8sLaCzd8OEdiW1zzf.ZynCS4usWGZCpvlhJ.i471NBmbytOB47qVAWYGuYU.IuuWVqit7hdfhKiVUbRGGuu2vlF2X2gIh6zjVWIXHDCbAfDvO6FgDl6nEAlG31zqvKjEoLvH8m7Pkw6VzVv6vSQlcZ4bBga2Gi24Pnf0gWOTN3Uy7uloKN7zxXc3X5FWLvIyzv_g29AKGaVedNTJZ09Fv0yH0Xn_pPApazGqW1G6egkUWJClZ44Y4413sV8Blf9Fe635PpviyzVxpAvuiXwLN7kaOpE0CCo7Z4XU7OG2rWhMjq5d56SYiWuGJo3hT3Eoi2oy0nvRp3aaMvNNWyk80bgvw8OHA21TPtstvGKlJ1VzQkOE6UpcK7CTOq_s4oOxTwsKFl0aNL9l82.JYs94pyZMfpxY6zTne3F4RleXcWCKPizHzKBTwulvcf99tO4VAZXsNccTmG2Tque2nOhfaC2NRUdcuelb6VUTvgKONjY8kkwkWCFqLemzQM8PAb8OD3nGGn50JoFgLm6O1AD2e01fT9NJxoG6xVdt.1BGzbgaoNBiTj8Rgclgf4MvRNe_RvnD6nmwtXfKnRnT2.9UtpAOMCXrrNiHgUvxw.LqV6oS9mxmiAbY04_w.MDGH7bfPpqyUiNAn9KKrGlEbfjxwKgKAlnQ7iTMp1teJMs7lQW7oQSRrHbe3IasYLWfzqljLjBRO_ojCToll4rfU7.bojEWuYXZTx3d3V9WqWC_hJzdfiNFRwydsSIHaB3KAByFDh.pbQZA61SPBs30Othk2_AwVEX_ypgm1EVbY4ikHwpINHMSLESLpGf_KatmXpDn0E7VovGBzLgWOyggGDPyauoehT2GyJpnAB18f6TvPyx.8jog24kRhEnEtBA3ytM.MBCVJwU7O_y4XxUDp4NdRLJ_kHWzkz49yjiKmmvnnn7V9Z6VR0m_4djzUw4Z3gc7OMwltbTdBUR0igSlTHHebxTzrEAbDTcBSJktxtgjYRAVcHVR8yfOSuN4NgcCYi8MQNSpNGfkirn6u9r108jyqMU9wAtzwMaE3KQnOr.3Ibi1yKZntohyviDqQZ32lefz2WxhHT6kdWBxBXZHR33CZq6EJPKuAAbdQ7EFoaoSLEiMW89ywAvJ8CKT5A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8f0419b61d4ff93a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/gsa\/gsabulletin\/article-abstract\/115\/1\/89\/183914\/High-resolution-stable-isotope-stratigraphy-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext&__cf_chl_rt_tk=6MaOWOtppWSL.ZhB1YJIK83tMRiIHHOZJAE8EDEoh4s-1733905698-1.0.1.1-4jX_kxeuRKC.7chmQRcuOMWGA2BB8_v3cruk5GDE8.k" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>