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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Controversial system of taxation in the UK from 1989 to 1993</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PollTaxLeaflet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Booklet titled "The Community Charge (the so-called Poll Tax) How it will work for you"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/PollTaxLeaflet.png" decoding="async" width="218" height="456" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>A leaflet explaining the Community Charge (the so-called "poll tax"), Department of the Environment, April 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Community Charge</b>, commonly known as the <b>poll tax</b>, was a system of local taxation introduced by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>'s government whereby each taxpayer was taxed the same fixed sum (a "<a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll tax</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Head_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Head tax">head tax</a>"), with the precise amount being set by each local authority. It replaced <a href="/wiki/Domestic_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic rates">domestic rates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Scotland</a> from 1989, prior to its introduction in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Wales</a> from 1990. The abolition of the poll tax was announced in 1991 and it was replaced in 1993 by the current system of the <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: darkgrey"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#0087DC;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/75px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/113px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/150px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="3259" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#0087DC;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Margaret Thatcher</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Bibliography of Margaret Thatcher">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Electoral history of Margaret Thatcher">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honours_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of honours of Margaret Thatcher">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">MP for Finchley</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Bodies_(Admission_to_Meetings)_Act_1960" title="Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960">Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;font-size:85%;">Secretary of State for Education and Science</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_10/70" title="Circular 10/70">Circular 10/70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1944#School_meals_and_milk" title="Education Act 1944">Withdrawal of school milk</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;font-size:85%;">Leader of the Opposition</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher">Shadow Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975 leadership election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Callaghan_ministry" title="1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry">1979 VoNC in Callaghan ministry</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Policies</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)#Thatcher's_Britain" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom#1979–1990:_the_Thatcher_era" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)#Margaret_Thatcher_(1979–90)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">other</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Appointments</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_under_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of ministers under Margaret Thatcher">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wets_and_dries" title="Wets and dries">wets and dries</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> Articles by ministry and term:<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:normal;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin:0 4em;">1979–1983</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="line-height:16px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Thatcher_ministry" title="First Thatcher ministry">First ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_lady%27s_not_for_turning" title="The lady's not for turning">"The lady's not for turning"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_is_no_alternative" title="There is no alternative">"TINA"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1979_United_Kingdom_budget" title="June 1979 United Kingdom budget">1979 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1980 United Kingdom budget">1980 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1981 United Kingdom budget">1981 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1982 United Kingdom budget">1982 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1983 United Kingdom budget">1983 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Buy#Thatcher_policies" title="Right to Buy">Right to Buy</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:normal;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin:0 4em;">1983–1987</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="line-height:16px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">Second ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 re-election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1984 United Kingdom budget">1984 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1985 United Kingdom budget">1985 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1986 United Kingdom budget">1986 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1987 United Kingdom budget">1987 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang_(financial_markets)" title="Big Bang (financial markets)">Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_United_Kingdom_miners%27_strike" title="1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike">Miners' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_affair" title="Westland affair">Westland affair</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:normal;"> <div style="font-weight:bold;margin:0 4em;">1987–1990</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="line-height:16px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Thatcher_ministry" title="Third Thatcher ministry">Third ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 re-election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1988 United Kingdom budget">1988 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1989 United Kingdom budget">1989 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1990 United Kingdom budget">1990 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990 leadership election and resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poll tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mound" title="Sermon on the Mound">Sermon on the Mound</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Post-premiership</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Ceremonial funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher#Legacy" title="Margaret Thatcher">Legacy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Publications</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years"><i>The Downing Street Years</i> (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)"><i>The Path to Power</i> (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statecraft:_Strategies_for_a_Changing_World" title="Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World"><i>Statecraft</i> (2003)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher's signature"><img alt="Margaret Thatcher's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg/150px-Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg/225px-Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg/300px-Signature_of_Margaret_Thatcher.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="269" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/50px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/75px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></span></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_coats_of_arms_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of coats of arms of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg/45px-Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg/60px-Arms_of_Margaret_Thatcher%2C_The_Baroness_Thatcher_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Margaret_Thatcher_sidebar" title="Template:Margaret Thatcher sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Margaret_Thatcher_sidebar" title="Template talk:Margaret Thatcher sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret_Thatcher_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret Thatcher sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Rates_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rates in the United Kingdom">rating system</a> of taxes (based on the notional rental value of a house) to fund <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">local government</a> had been unveiled by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> when she was Shadow Environment Secretary in 1974, and was included in the manifesto of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">October 1974 general election</a>. In the 1979 elections the Conservative manifesto stated that lowering income tax took priority. The Government published a <a href="/wiki/Green_paper" title="Green paper">green paper</a> in 1981 under the title <i>Alternatives to Domestic Rates</i>. It considered a flat-rate per-capita tax as a supplement to another tax, noting that a large flat-rate tax would be seen as unfair. </p><p>The 1980s saw a period of general confrontation between central government and Labour-controlled local authorities over levels of expenditure (known as the "<a href="/wiki/Rate-capping_rebellion" title="Rate-capping rebellion">rate-capping rebellion</a>"), which eventually led to the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> and the six <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan county</a> councils. The commitment to abolish the rates was replaced in the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 general election</a> manifesto with a commitment to introduce the ability for central government to cap rates which it saw as excessive. This was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Rates_Act_1984" title="Rates Act 1984">Rates Act 1984</a>. </p><p>Although the rates system was supposed to have regular revaluations to minimise discrepancies, the revaluations in England and Wales had been cancelled in 1978 and 1983. The Scottish revaluation of 1985/1986 led to a great deal of criticism and gave added urgency to rates reform or replacement<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>The green paper of 1986, <i>Paying for Local Government</i>, produced by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment" title="Secretary of State for the Environment">Department of the Environment</a> from consultations between <a href="/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild" title="Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild">Lord Rothschild</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Waldegrave,_Baron_Waldegrave_of_North_Hill" title="William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill">William Waldegrave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Kenneth Baker</a>, proposed the poll tax. This was a fixed tax per adult resident, although there was a reduction for poor people. This charged each person for the services provided in their community. Owing to the variations in the amount of local taxes paid and the amount of grant provided by central government to individual local authorities, there were differences in the amount charged between councils. </p><p>It become known as the "poll tax" as this is a general term referring to a tax charged at an equal amount per head (also known as a head-tax), but also as a reference to historical unpopular head-taxes, in particular the English <a href="/wiki/Poll_Tax_of_1379" title="Poll Tax of 1379">Poll Tax of 1379</a>. </p><p>This proposal was contained in the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 General Election</a>. The legislation introducing the poll tax was passed in 1987, 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the new tax replaced the rates in Scotland from the start of the 1989/90 financial year and in England and Wales from the start of the 1990/91 financial year. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Business_rates_in_England" title="Business rates in England">Uniform Business Rate</a>, levied by local government at a rate set by central government and then apportioned between local authorities in proportion to their population, was introduced. </p><p>The tax was not implemented in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, which continued, as it still does as of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, to levy the rating system, despite some unionists calling for the region to have the same taxation system as Great Britain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poll tax when implemented encountered a number of administrative and enforcement difficulties. Some renters did not pay, knowing they would have moved elsewhere by the time the bills arrived. Councils of towns with highly mobile populations, such as university towns, were faced with big store rooms of unprocessed "gone-aways". The initial register, which was based on the rates register for "owned" houses, contained many irregularities from supplementary data sources such as housing benefit recipients. </p><p>A significant collection issue was the 20 per cent /100 per cent split. People in employment had to pay 100 per cent, while students and the registered unemployed paid 20 per cent. The nature of the shared house market meant that not even the landlord knew exactly who was living there; tenants were replaced and may have shared a "single" room with their partner. Therefore, the local council did not know who was living where and when. </p><p>Councils were burdened with the task of pursuing the large numbers of defaulters, many of whom were participating in organised resistance to the charge. There is also some evidence that the poll tax had a lasting effect of people not registering themselves on the electoral register to evade collection attempts, possibly because of the false impression that the words "poll tax" created. This may have affected the results of <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">the 1992 general election</a>, which ended in a fourth successive Conservative victory, despite most opinion polls pointing to a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> or narrow Labour majority.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition">Opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg/220px-No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg/330px-No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg/440px-No_to_the_Poll_Tax_grafitti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti against the poll tax near <a href="/wiki/Huddersfield" title="Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The change from payment based on the worth of one's house to a fixed rate was widely criticised as being unfair, and needlessly burdensome on those less well-off. Mass protests were co-ordinated by the <a href="/wiki/All_Britain_Anti-Poll_Tax_Federation" title="All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation">All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation</a>, other national networks such as 3D (Don't Register, Don't Pay, Don't Collect) and by hundreds of local Anti-Poll Tax Unions (APTUs), which were not aligned to any particular political grouping. In Scotland, where the tax was implemented first, the APTUs called for mass non-payment. As the tax neared its implementation in England, protests against it began to increase. That culminated in a number of <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">poll tax riots</a>. The most serious of those was on 31 March 1990 – a week before the implementation of the tax – when between 70,000 and 200,000 people<sup id="cite_ref-trafalgarsq_num_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trafalgarsq_num-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> demonstrated against the tax. The demonstration around <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> left 113 people injured and 340 under arrest,<sup id="cite_ref-otd_pt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otd_pt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with over 100 police officers needing treatment for injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were further conflicts and protests, but none on the scale of the Trafalgar Square riot. </p><p>As the amount of the poll tax began to rise and the inefficiency of local councils in their collection of the tax became apparent, large numbers of people refused to pay. Local councils tried to respond with enforcement measures, but they were largely ineffective given the huge numbers of non-payers. According to the BBC, up to 30 per cent of former ratepayers in some areas refused to pay.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anti-poll-tax organisations encouraged non-payers not to register, to clog up the courts by contesting local council attempts to gain liability orders, and ultimately, not to attend court hearings arising from their non-compliance.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1990, <a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire_Police" title="South Yorkshire Police">South Yorkshire Police</a> said they were planning to refuse to arrest poll tax defaulters, even when instructed to by the courts, because it would be "physically impossible for the police because of the large number of defaulters".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opposition Labour Party, at its 1988 annual conference, decided against support for a non-payment campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1991, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Fields" title="Terry Fields">Terry Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (United Kingdom)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Broadgreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Broadgreen">Liverpool Broadgreen</a>, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a>, was imprisoned for sixty days for refusing to pay. At the time of Fields' jailing, Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a> commented: "Law makers must not be law breakers."<sup id="cite_ref-BBC910711_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC910711-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In popular culture, the punk band <a href="/wiki/The_Exploited" title="The Exploited">The Exploited</a> featured the song "Don't Pay The Poll Tax" in their album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_(The_Exploited_album)" title="The Massacre (The Exploited album)">The Massacre</a></i>, which was released on 15 April 1990.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Over 40 people collaborated on Punk Aide's 1989 compilations <i>Axe The Tax, Can't Pay Won't Pay</i> and <i>Fuck The Poll Tax</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oi_Polloi" title="Oi Polloi">Oi Polloi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chumbawamba" title="Chumbawamba">Chumbawamba</a> released and toured an EP called <i>Smash the Poll Tax</i>. A compilation album, <i>A Pox Upon The Poll Tax</i>, was also released in 1989. <a href="/wiki/The_Orchids" title="The Orchids">The Orchids</a> released "Defy The Law" in response to the Poll Tax. </p><p>On their 22 March 1990 <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Of_The_Pops" class="mw-redirect" title="Top Of The Pops">Top Of The Pops</a></i> appearance, <a href="/wiki/Orbital_(band)" title="Orbital (band)">Orbital</a> performed "<a href="/wiki/Chime_(song)" title="Chime (song)">Chime</a>" while wearing hoodies with a crosshair and seemingly-abstract images on them. Upon closer inspection, those images read "no poll tax".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_consequences">Political consequences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the poll tax was announced, opinion polls showed the Labour opposition opening a strong lead over the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party (United Kingdom)">Conservative</a> government. Following the Poll Tax Riots, Conservative ministers contemplated abolition of the tax but knew that, as a flagship <a href="/wiki/Thatcherite" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatcherite">Thatcherite</a> policy, its abolition would not be possible while Thatcher was still Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kinnock had vowed to abolish the poll tax if he won the next general election.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For this, among other reasons, Thatcher was challenged by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> for the Conservative leadership in November 1990. Although she prevailed by a margin of fifty votes, she narrowly missed the threshold to avoid a second vote, and on 22 November 1990 she announced her resignation after more than a decade in office. All three of the contenders to succeed her pledged to abandon the tax. </p><p>The successful candidate, <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>, appointed Heseltine to the post of Environment Secretary, responsible for replacing the poll tax. In early 1991 the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Norman Lamont</a>, announced a rise in <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Value-added tax in the United Kingdom">Value Added Tax</a> from 15 to 17.5 per cent to pay for a £140 reduction in the tax. The abolition of the poll tax was announced on 21 March 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Conservative government was re-elected for a fourth successive term in office at the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>, shaking off the strong challenge from the Labour Party. The Labour Party having been defeated in this way, their leader <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a> resigned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abolition">Abolition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time of the 1992 general election, legislation had been passed<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replacing the poll tax with the <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a> from the start of the 1993/1994 financial year. The VAT rate of 17.5 per cent remained despite an earlier policy of charging a higher poll tax.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a> strongly resembled the <i>rates</i> system of tax that had been in effect prior to the poll tax. The main differences (at the Council Tax's inception) were that properties were placed in bands based on a range of property values, thereby capping the maximum amount, and that the tax was levied on the property's capital value rather than on its notional rental value. Households with only one occupant were also entitled to a 25 per cent discount. The only substantial change since the introduction of the Council Tax form of <a href="/wiki/Direct_tax" title="Direct tax">direct taxation</a> is the gradual introduction of certain exemptions and discounts. </p><p>In 2015, any remaining debt was written off in Scotland with the passage of the Community Charge Debt (Scotland) Act 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">Poll tax riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a> – 14th-century rebellion against <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a> and the imposition of a poll tax</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Sheridan" title="Tommy Sheridan">Tommy Sheridan</a>, Scottish socialist who originally came to prominence protesting against the poll tax</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom_tax" title="Bedroom tax">Bedroom tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_tax" title="Window tax">Window tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">Poll tax</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/john-major-2/">"John Major"</a> at number10.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016063730/http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/john-major-2/">Archived</a> 16 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/41/contents">"Local Government Finance Act 1988"</a>, legislation.gov.uk.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyworld.net/Articles/PlainTextArticles.asp?aid=zai&pid=165">"Poll tax"</a>, in <i>Encyclopedia of Britain</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bamber_Gascoigne" title="Bamber Gascoigne">Bamber Gascoigne</a>, HistoryWorld.net.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trafalgarsq_num-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trafalgarsq_num_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGraham2010" class="citation news cs1">Graham, David (25 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/the-battle-of-trafalgar-square-the-poll-tax-riots-revisited-1926873.html">"The Battle of Trafalgar Square: The poll tax riots revisited"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Trafalgar+Square%3A+The+poll+tax+riots+revisited&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fthe-battle-of-trafalgar-square-the-poll-tax-riots-revisited-1926873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-otd_pt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-otd_pt_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/31/newsid_2530000/2530763.stm">"31 March 1990: Violence flares in poll tax demonstration"</a>. <i>On This Day 1950–2005</i>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day+1950%E2%80%932005&rft.atitle=31+March+1990%3A+Violence+flares+in+poll+tax+demonstration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmarch%2F31%2Fnewsid_2530000%2F2530763.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2014" class="citation book cs1">Gross, David M. (2014). <i>99 Tactics of Successful Tax Resistance Campaigns</i>. Picket Line Press. pp. 125–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1490572741" title="Special:BookSources/978-1490572741"><bdi>978-1490572741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=99+Tactics+of+Successful+Tax+Resistance+Campaigns&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Picket+Line+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1490572741&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/14/newsid_2495000/2495911.stm">"1990: One in five yet to pay poll tax"</a>, "On This Day", BBC News.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2014" class="citation book cs1">Gross, David M. (2014). <i>99 Tactics of Successful Tax Resistance Campaigns</i>. Picket Line Press. pp. 36–38, 79–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1490572741" title="Special:BookSources/978-1490572741"><bdi>978-1490572741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=99+Tactics+of+Successful+Tax+Resistance+Campaigns&rft.pages=36-38%2C+79-80&rft.pub=Picket+Line+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1490572741&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726054845/http://www.afed.org.uk/org/polltax/organise21_polltax_p16.gif">"Poll tax fury"</a>. <i>Organise!</i>. No. 21. <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Federation_(Britain)" title="Anarchist Federation (Britain)">Anarchist Communist Federation</a>. January 1991. pp. 16, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426120104/http://www.afed.org.uk/org/polltax/organise21_polltax_p13.gif">13</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afed.org.uk/org/polltax/organise21_polltax_p16.gif">the original</a> on 26 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organise%21&rft.atitle=Poll+tax+fury&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=16%2C+13&rft.date=1991-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afed.org.uk%2Forg%2Fpolltax%2Forganise21_polltax_p16.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andy McSmith, <i>Faces of Labour: The Inside Story</i>, London: Verso, 1996, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC910711-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC910711_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/11/newsid_2500000/2500365.stm">"1991: Anti-poll tax MP jailed"</a>, BBC News On This Day, 11 July</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interviews by Dave Simpson: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/18/how-we-made-orbitals-chime-hartnoll-rave-anthem">"How we made Orbital's Chime"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 18 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+we+made+Orbital%27s+Chime&rft.date=2018-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2018%2Fjun%2F18%2Fhow-we-made-orbitals-chime-hartnoll-rave-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/politics97/background/pastelec/ge92.shtml">"BBC Politics 97"</a>. BBC. 9 April 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Politics+97&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=1992-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpolitics97%2Fbackground%2Fpastelec%2Fge92.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>A coal miner's son. (British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock)</i>, 14 May 1990</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+coal+miner%27s+son.+%28British+Labour+Party+leader+Neil+Kinnock%29&rft.date=1990-05-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/21/newsid_4278000/4278401.stm">"ON THIS DAY | 1991: Heseltine unveils new property tax"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 March 1960<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=ON+THIS+DAY+%26%23124%3B+1991%3A+Heseltine+unveils+new+property+tax&rft.date=1960-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmarch%2F21%2Fnewsid_4278000%2F4278401.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoll+tax+%28Great+Britain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Local Government Finance Act 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scottish Parliament. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.gov.uk/asp/2015/3">Community Charge Debt (Scotland) Act 2015</a></i> as amended (see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.gov.uk/asp/2015/3/enacted">enacted form</a>), from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Community_Charge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Community Charge">Community Charge</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Alderman, R. K., and Neil Carter. "A very Tory coup: The ousting of Mrs Thatcher." <i>Parliamentary Affairs</i> 44.2 (1991): 125–139.</li> <li>Bagguley, Paul. "Protest, poverty and power: a case study of the anti-poll tax movement", <i>Sociological review</i>, 1995, vol. 43, n° 4, pp. 693–719.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091114155207/http://www.afed.org.uk/ace/polltax.html">Anti-Poll Tax Community based campaign</a></li> <li>Burns, Danny. <i>Poll Tax Rebellion</i> (AK Press, Stirling, Scotland, 1992).</li> <li>Butler, David, Andrew Adonis, and Tony Travers. <i>Failure in British government: the politics of the poll tax</i> (Oxford University Press, 1994).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crick,_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Crick, Michael">Crick, Michael</a>, and Adrian Van Klaveren. "Mrs Thatcher's greatest blunder." <i>Contemporary British History</i> 5.3 (1991): 397–416; the poll tax.</li> <li>Gibson, John G. "Voter reaction to tax change: the case of the poll tax 1." <i>Applied Economics</i> 26.9 (1994): 877–884.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Margaret_Thatcher" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Template:Margaret Thatcher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Template talk:Margaret Thatcher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Margaret Thatcher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Margaret_Thatcher" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (1979–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> (1975–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">MP for <a href="/wiki/Finchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Finchley</a> (1959–1992)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Bodies_(Admission_to_Meetings)_Act_1960" title="Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960">Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_10/70" title="Circular 10/70">Circular 10/70</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher">Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Awake" title="Britain Awake">"Britain Awake" (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_Callaghan_ministry" title="1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry">Vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry (1979)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/85px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/128px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="3259" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_democracy" title="Union democracy">Union democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_under_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of ministers under Margaret Thatcher">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wets_and_dries" title="Wets and dries">wets and dries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1979%E2%80%931985)" title="Cold War (1979–1985)">1st term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">2nd–3rd term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/First_Thatcher_ministry" title="First Thatcher ministry">1st ministry<br />(1979–1983)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1979_United_Kingdom_budget" title="June 1979 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1980 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_lady%27s_not_for_turning" title="The lady's not for turning">"The lady's not for turning" (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1981 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1981)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_25" title="Gang of 25">Gang of 25</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">Irish hunger strike (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1982 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> (1982) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejoice_(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="Rejoice (Margaret Thatcher)">"Rejoice"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gould%E2%80%93Margaret_Thatcher_exchange" title="Diana Gould–Margaret Thatcher exchange">Diana Gould exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flags_over_Port_Stanley" title="White flags over Port Stanley">"White flags over Port Stanley"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1983 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1983)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">2nd ministry<br />(1983–1987)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1984 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCHQ_trade_union_ban" title="GCHQ trade union ban">GCHQ trade union ban</a> (1984) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Civil_Service_Unions_v_Minister_for_the_Civil_Service" title="Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service">CCSU case</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_United_Kingdom_miners%27_strike" title="1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike">Miners' strike (1984–85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1985 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act (1985)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rate-capping_rebellion" title="Rate-capping rebellion">rate-capping rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_affair" title="Westland affair">Westland affair</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1986 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1987 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1987)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Third_Thatcher_ministry" title="Third Thatcher ministry">3rd ministry<br />(1987–1990)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1988 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988%E2%80%931994_British_broadcasting_voice_restrictions" title="1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions">Broadcasting restrictions (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mound" title="Sermon on the Mound">"Sermon on the Mound" (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1989 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1989)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Community Charge (1989–90)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">Poll tax riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1990 United Kingdom budget">Budget (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._No._No._(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="No. No. No. (Margaret Thatcher)">"No. No. No." (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="1990 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours">Resignation Honours (1990)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Margaret_Thatcher#Conservative_Party_leadership_elections" title="Electoral history of Margaret Thatcher">Party elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Margaret_Thatcher#United_Kingdom_general_elections" title="Electoral history of Margaret Thatcher">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Bibliography of Margaret Thatcher">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Downing_Street_Years" title="The Downing Street Years">The Downing Street Years</a></i> (1993 autobiography)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_to_Power_(Thatcher_book)" title="The Path to Power (Thatcher book)">The Path to Power</a></i> (1995 memoir)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statecraft:_Strategies_for_a_Changing_World" title="Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World">Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Thatcher" title="Denis Thatcher">Denis Thatcher</a> (husband) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatcher_baronets" title="Thatcher baronets">baronetcy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Thatcher" title="Mark Thatcher">Mark Thatcher</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Thatcher" title="Carol Thatcher">Carol Thatcher</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Roberts" title="Alfred Roberts">Alfred Roberts</a> (father)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_have_become_a_grandmother" title="We have become a grandmother">We have become a grandmother</a>" (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher">Cultural depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and<br />television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anyone_for_Denis%3F_(video)" title="Anyone for Denis? (video)">Anyone for Denis?</a></i> (1982 TV play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">Spitting Image</a></i> (1984–1996 & 2020 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Statesman_(1987_TV_series)" title="The New Statesman (1987 TV series)">The New Statesman</a></i> (1987–1991 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thatcher:_The_Final_Days" title="Thatcher: The Final Days">Thatcher: The Final Days</a></i> (1991 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Falklands_Play" title="The Falklands Play">The Falklands Play</a></i> (2002 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer:_The_Truth" title="Jeffrey Archer: The Truth">Jeffrey Archer: The Truth</a></i> (2002 TV film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alan_Clark_Diaries" title="The Alan Clark Diaries">The Alan Clark Diaries</a></i> (2004 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinochet_in_Suburbia" title="Pinochet in Suburbia">Pinochet in Suburbia</a></i> (2006 docudrama)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Walk_to_Finchley" title="The Long Walk to Finchley">The Long Walk to Finchley</a></i> (2008 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_(2009_film)" title="Margaret (2009 film)">Margaret</a></i> (2009 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)" title="The Queen (British TV serial)">The Queen</a></i> (2009 TV serial)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(film)" title="The Iron Lady (film)">The Iron Lady</a></i> (2011 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Tony_Blair" title="The Hunt for Tony Blair">The Hunt for Tony Blair</a></i> (2011 episode)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_La_Che" title="In Search of La Che">In Search of La Che</a></i> (2011 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_season_4" title="The Crown season 4">The Crown</a></i> (2020 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reagan_(2024_film)" title="Reagan (2024 film)">Reagan</a></i> (2024 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Handbagged" title="Handbagged">Handbagged</a></i> (2010, 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audience_(2013_play)" title="The Audience (2013 play)">The Audience</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(London_Guildhall)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (London Guildhall)">London Guildhall (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(Palace_of_Westminster)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (Palace of Westminster)">Palace of Westminster (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Margaret_Thatcher_(Grantham)" title="Statue of Margaret Thatcher (Grantham)">Grantham (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Portrait of Margaret Thatcher">Richard Stone portrait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blatcherism" title="Blatcherism">Blatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Death and funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honours_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="List of honours of Margaret Thatcher">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatchergate" title="Thatchergate">Thatchergate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>← <b><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></b> →</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Margaret_Thatcher" title="Category:Margaret Thatcher">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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