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height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ఒక స్వేచ్ఛా విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-te.svg" width="119" height="16" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>వెతుకు</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" aria-label="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" autocapitalize="sentences" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ప్రత్యేక:అన్వేషణ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">వెతుకు</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="స్వరూపం"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="స్వరూపం" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">స్వరూపం</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te" class=""><span>విరాళాలు</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0+%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు" class=""><span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0+%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>లాగినవండి</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="వాడుకరి మెనూ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te"><span>విరాళాలు</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>తోడ్పడండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0+%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0+%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>లాగినవండి</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఈ ఐపీ చిరునామా నుండి చేసిన మార్పుల గురించి చర్చ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ఈ IP కి సంబంధించిన చర్చ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eఈ నోటీసును తొలగించు\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"te\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"wikitable\"\u003E\n\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr style=\"align:center; 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Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 భాషలు</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="మంచి వ్యాసాలు"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="क्षार धातु – హిందీ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षार धातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="హిందీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கார உலோகம் – తమిళం" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="తమిళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ – మలయాళం" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="మలయాళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal – ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alkalimetaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ఆఫ్రికాన్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcal%C3%ADn" title="Metal alcalín – అరగోనిస్" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal alcalín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="అరగోనిస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="فلز قلوي – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز قلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcal%C3%ADn" title="Alcalín – ఆస్టూరియన్" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alcalín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ఆస్టూరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99l%C9%99vi_metallar" title="Qələvi metallar – అజర్బైజాని" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qələvi metallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="అజర్బైజాని" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – బాలినీస్" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="బాలినీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Шчолачныя металы – బెలారుషియన్" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шчолачныя металы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="బెలారుషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Лужныя мэталы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лужныя мэталы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал – బల్గేరియన్" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алкален метал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="బల్గేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="एल्कली धातु – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एल्कली धातु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ক্ষার ধাতু – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্ষার ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="བུལ་ཅན་ལྕགས་རིགས།བུལ་ཏོག་ལྕགས་རིགས། – టిబెటన్" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བུལ་ཅན་ལྕགས་རིགས།བུལ་ཏོག་ལྕགས་རིགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="టిబెటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali – బోస్నియన్" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alkalni metali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="బోస్నియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall_alcal%C3%AD" title="Metall alcalí – కాటలాన్" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall alcalí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="కాటలాన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C4%95ng-g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalick%C3%A9_kovy" title="Alkalické kovy – చెక్" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alkalické kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="చెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Сĕлтĕлле металл – చువాష్" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕлтĕлле металл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="చువాష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metel_alcal%C3%AFaidd" title="Metel alcalïaidd – వెల్ష్" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metel alcalïaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="వెల్ష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetal" title="Alkalimetal – డానిష్" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alkalimetal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="డానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle – జర్మన్" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alkalimetalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αλκάλια – గ్రీక్" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλκάλια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="గ్రీక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkala_metalo" title="Alkala metalo – ఎస్పెరాంటో" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alkala metalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ఎస్పెరాంటో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalino" title="Alcalino – స్పానిష్" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alcalino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="స్పానిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leelismetallid" title="Leelismetallid – ఎస్టోనియన్" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leelismetallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ఎస్టోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino – బాస్క్యూ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metal alkalino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="బాస్క్యూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فلزهای قلیایی – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلزهای قلیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetalli" title="Alkalimetalli – ఫిన్నిష్" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkalimetalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ఫిన్నిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin – ఫ్రెంచ్" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal alcalin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ఫ్రెంచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaalimetal" title="Alkaalimetal – ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alkaalimetal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ఉత్తర ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalymetaal" title="Alkalymetaal – పశ్చిమ ఫ్రిసియన్" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alkalymetaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="పశ్చిమ ఫ్రిసియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal_alcaile" title="Miotal alcaile – ఐరిష్" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal alcaile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ఐరిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鹼金屬 – గాన్ చైనీస్" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鹼金屬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="గాన్ చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt_alcalaidh" title="Meatailt alcalaidh – స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt alcalaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="స్కాటిష్ గేలిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalino" title="Alcalino – గాలిషియన్" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcalino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="గాలిషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meain_alkalaih" title="Meain alkalaih – మాంక్స్" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Meain alkalaih" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="మాంక్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1n-k%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Kán-kîm-su̍k – హక్కా చైనీస్" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kán-kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="హక్కా చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מתכת אלקלית – హిబ్రూ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכת אלקלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="హిబ్రూ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_dhaatu" title="Alkali dhaatu – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alkali dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali – క్రొయేషియన్" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alkalijski metali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alkalen" title="Metal alkalen – హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal alkalen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="హైటియన్ క్రియోల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alk%C3%A1lif%C3%A9mek" title="Alkálifémek – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkálifémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալկալիական մետաղներ – ఆర్మీనియన్" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալկալիական մետաղներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ఆర్మీనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallos_alcalin" title="Metallos alcalin – ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallos alcalin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ఇంటర్లింగ్వా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliatra_metalo" title="Alkaliatra metalo – ఈడో" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alkaliatra metalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ఈడో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkal%C3%ADm%C3%A1lmur" title="Alkalímálmur – ఐస్లాండిక్" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alkalímálmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ఐస్లాండిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalli_alcalini" title="Metalli alcalini – ఇటాలియన్" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metalli alcalini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ఇటాలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="アルカリ金属 – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルカリ金属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – జావనీస్" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="జావనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტუტე ლითონები – జార్జియన్" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუტე ლითონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="జార్జియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сілтілік металдар – కజఖ్" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сілтілік металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="కజఖ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="알칼리 금속 – కొరియన్" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알칼리 금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="కొరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – కొలోనియన్" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="కొలోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalla_alcalica" title="Metalla alcalica – లాటిన్" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalla alcalica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="లాటిన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – లక్సెంబర్గిష్" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="లక్సెంబర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal – లిమ్బర్గిష్" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alkalimetaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="లిమ్బర్గిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall_alcalin" title="Metall alcalin – లొంబార్ద్" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metall alcalin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="లొంబార్ద్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arminiai_metalai" title="Šarminiai metalai – లిథువేనియన్" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šarminiai metalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="లిథువేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81rmu_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmu metāli – లాట్వియన్" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sārmu metāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="లాట్వియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал – మాసిడోనియన్" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алкален метал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="మాసిడోనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Шүлтийн металл – మంగోలియన్" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шүлтийн металл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="మంగోలియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="अल्क धातू – మరాఠీ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्क धातू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="మరాఠీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – మలయ్" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="మలయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="အယ်လ်ကာလီ သတ္တု – బర్మీస్" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်လ်ကာလီ သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="బర్మీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – లో జర్మన్" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="లో జర్మన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="एल्कालाइ धातु – నెవారి" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एल्कालाइ धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="నెవారి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal – డచ్" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alkalimetaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="డచ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియాన్ న్యోర్స్క్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="నార్వేజియన్ బొక్మాల్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin – ఆక్సిటన్" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal alcalin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ఆక్సిటన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila_alkaalii" title="Sibiila alkaalii – ఒరోమో" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila alkaalii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ఒరోమో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81" title="କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ଧାତୁ – ఒడియా" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ଧାତୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ఒడియా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Фæныкдон згъæртæ – ఒసేటిక్" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фæныкдон згъæртæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ఒసేటిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਖ਼ਾਰੀ ਧਾਤ – పంజాబీ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਾਰੀ ਧਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="పంజాబీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litowce" title="Litowce – పోలిష్" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="పోలిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="القلي فلزات – పాష్టో" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="القلي فلزات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="పాష్టో" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal alcalino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_q%27illay" title="Alkali q'illay – కెచువా" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alkali q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="కెచువా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin – రొమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal alcalin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రొమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Щелочные металлы – రష్యన్" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Щелочные металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="రష్యన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Алкалны металы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алкалны металы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Солох метал – సాఖా" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Солох метал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="సాఖా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – స్కాట్స్" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="స్కాట్స్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali – సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alkalni metali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="సేర్బో-క్రొయేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84" title="ක්‍ෂාර ලෝහ – సింహళం" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍ෂාර ලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="సింహళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalick%C3%BD_kov" title="Alkalický kov – స్లోవక్" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alkalický kov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalijska_kovina" title="Alkalijska kovina – స్లోవేనియన్" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alkalijska kovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="స్లోవేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macdin_Alkaliini_ah" title="Macdin Alkaliini ah – సోమాలి" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Macdin Alkaliini ah" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="సోమాలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalet_alkaline" title="Metalet alkaline – అల్బేనియన్" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metalet alkaline" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="అల్బేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкални метал – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алкални метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – సండానీస్" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="సండానీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – స్వీడిష్" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="స్వీడిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali_alikali" title="Metali alikali – స్వాహిలి" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali alikali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="స్వాహిలి" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล – థాయ్" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะแอลคาไล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="థాయ్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Селтеле металлар – టాటర్" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Селтеле металлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="టాటర్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Лужні метали – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лужні метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishqoriy_metallar" title="Ishqoriy metallar – ఉజ్బెక్" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishqoriy metallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ఉజ్బెక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m" title="Kim loại kiềm – వియత్నామీస్" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại kiềm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="వియత్నామీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alkali" title="Metal alkali – వారే" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metal alkali" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="వారే" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属 – వు చైనీస్" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碱金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="వు చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="אלקאלי מעטאל – ఇడ్డిష్" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלקאלי מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ఇడ్డిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%C3%A0l%C3%AC_%C3%A1lk%C3%A1l%C3%AC" title="Mẹ́tàlì álkálì – యోరుబా" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́tàlì álkálì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="యోరుబా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碱金属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鹼金屬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹼金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E2%81%BF-kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k – మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="మిన్ నాన్ చైనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鹼金屬 – కాంటనీస్" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹼金屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="కాంటనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19557#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="భాషాలింకులను మార్చు" class="wbc-editpage">లంకెలను మార్చు</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="పేరుబరులు"> <div 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class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metal">Alkali metal</a> నుండి దారిమార్పు చెందింది)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="te" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638050">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ఈ వ్యాసం లేదా వ్యాసభాగాన్ని విస్తరించవలసి ఉంది. <br /><small> సముచితమైన సమాచారంతో వ్యాసాన్ని విస్తరించండి. విస్తరణ పూర్తయిన తర్వాత, ఈ నోటీసును తీసివేయండి. </small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="విస్తృత ఆవర్తన పట్టిక">విస్తృత ఆవర్తన పట్టికలో</a> మొదటి గ్రూపులో అమర్చబడి ఉన్న <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోజన్">హైడ్రోజన్</a> (H), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="లిథియమ్">లిథియమ్</a> (Li), సోడియమ్ (Na), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="పొటాషియమ్">పొటాషియమ్</a> (K), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="రుబీడియమ్">రుబీడియమ్</a> (Rb), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="సీసియమ్">సీసియమ్</a> (Cs) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ఫ్రాన్షియమ్ (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఫ్రాన్షియమ్</a> (Fr) లను <b>క్షార లోహాలు</b> (Alkali metals) అంటారు. ఈ గ్రూపులో <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోజన్">హైడ్రోజన్</a> మినహా మిగతా మూలకాల ఆక్సైడ్ లు నీటిలో కరిగి బలమైన క్షారాలని ఇస్తాయి. హైడ్రోజన్ నామమాత్రంగా ఈ గ్రూపులోని మూలకమైనా, క్షారలోహాల కంటే భిన్నమైన స్వభావం కలది. చాలా అరుదుగా మాత్రమే ఇది మిగిలిన గ్రూపు సభ్యులతో పోలి ఉంటుంది. </p><p>క్షారలోహాలు అత్యంత చురుకుగా <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="రసాయన శాస్త్రము">రసాయన</a> చర్యలకు గురవుతాయి అందువల్ల ప్రకృతిలో సహజ సిద్ధంగా మూలక స్థితిలో చాలా అరుదుగా కనిపిస్తాయి. అందు కారణము చేత ప్రయోగశాలలో వీటిని <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ఖనిజ నూనె (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఖనిజ నూనెలో</a> భద్రపరుస్తారు. క్షారలోహాలు అతి తక్కువ ద్రవీభవన ఉష్ణోగ్రతలు, సాంద్రత కలిగి ఉంటాయి. పొటాషియం, రుబీడియం మూలాకాలు, అత్యంత నిడివికల <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4" title="రేడియో ధార్మికత">రేడియోధార్మిక</a> ఐసోటోపులు ఉండటం వళ్ళ, కొద్దిపాటి హానికరము కాని రేడియోధార్మికతను ప్రదర్శిస్తాయి. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3795437">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="ఆవర్తన_పట్టికలు_క్రింద_భాగం699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3795437" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4294021">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Navbox_periodic_table" title="మూస:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A:Navbox_periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస చర్చ:Navbox periodic table (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:EditPage/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Navbox_periodic_table" title="ప్రత్యేక:EditPage/మూస:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ఆవర్తన_పట్టికలు_క్రింద_భాగం699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టికలు క్రింద భాగం (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">ఆవర్తన పట్టికలు క్రింద భాగం</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table#Layout" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a> <small>(18 columns)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(large_cells)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (large cells) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">With large cells</a> <small>(18 columns, 32 columns)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extended periodic table (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Extension beyond the 7th period</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricke_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricke model (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Fricke model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyykk%C3%B6_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyykkö model (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Pyykkö model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_periodic_table_(large_version)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extended periodic table (large version) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Extended form, large cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_periodic_tables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative periodic tables (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Alternatives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Galaxy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical Galaxy (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Chemical Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_periodic_tables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative periodic tables (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Janet's Left Step table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1 (క్షార లోహము)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="క్షారమృత్తిక లోహాలు">2 (క్షారమృత్తిక లోహాలు)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 9 element">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 10 element">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 11 element">11 (Coinage metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 12 element">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron group">13 (Boron group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon group">14 (Carbon group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnictogen">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogen">17 (Halogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 1 element">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 2 element">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extended periodic table (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Beyond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" class="mw-redirect" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-block (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">g-block</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aufbau_principle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aufbau principle (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(metals_and_nonmetals)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (metals and nonmetals) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Metalicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">Metal</a>s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metal">Alkali metal</a>s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline earth metal">Alkaline earth metal</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanthanide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Lanthanide</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actinide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Actinide</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superactinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superactinide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Superactinide</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eka-superactinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eka-superactinide (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Eka-superactinide</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transition metal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Transition metal</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-transition_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-transition metal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Post-transition metal</a>s</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalloid (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Metalloid</a>s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dividing line between metals and nonmetals (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">dividing line</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonmetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetal</a>s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyatomic_nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyatomic nonmetal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Polyatomic nonmetal</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diatomic_nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diatomic nonmetal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Diatomic nonmetal</a>s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble gas">Noble gas</a>es</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the periodic table (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">History of the periodic table</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Element discoveries</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Mendeleev's predictions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of chemical element name etymologies (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Name etymology</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_chemical_elements_naming_controversies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of chemical elements naming controversies (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_places_used_in_the_names_of_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of places used in the names of chemical elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">places</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_scientists_whose_names_are_used_in_chemical_element_names&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of scientists whose names are used in chemical element names (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">scientists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical element">Element properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(atomic_weight)" title="మూస:Periodic table (atomic weight)">Atomic weights</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (crystal structure) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Crystal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(nutritional_elements)" title="మూస:Periodic table (nutritional elements)">Dietary elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(electron_affinities)" title="మూస:Periodic table (electron affinities)">Electron affinities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (electron configurations) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electron configurations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(electronegativity_by_Allen_scale)" title="మూస:Periodic table (electronegativity by Allen scale)">Electronegativity by Allen scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(electronegativity_by_Pauling_scale)" title="మూస:Periodic table (electronegativity by Pauling scale)">Electronegativity by Pauling scale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldschmidt_classification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goldschmidt classification (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Goldschmidt classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(valence)" title="మూస:Periodic table (valence)">Maximum valences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Periodic_table_(nutritional_elements)" title="మూస:Periodic table (nutritional elements)">Nutritional elements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinum_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinum group (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Platinum group metals</a> (PGM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rare_earth_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rare earth element (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Rare earth element</a>s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refractory_metals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refractory metals (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Refractory metals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Lists of elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abundance of the chemical elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Abundance</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Composition_of_the_human_body&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Composition of the human body (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">in humans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements by atomic properties (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Atomic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Nuclear stability</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_world_production_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of world production chemical elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symbol_(chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symbol (chemistry) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abundances of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Abundances</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Atomic radii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Boiling points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical points of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Critical points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Densities of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Densities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Elastic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electrical resistivities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_affinity_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron affinity (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electron affinities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electron configurations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Electronegativities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Hardnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heat capacities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heats of fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Heats of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Ionization energies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melting points of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Melting points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_oxidation_states_of_the_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of oxidation states of the elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Oxidation states</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speeds of sound of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Speeds of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Thermal conductivities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_expansion_coefficients_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Thermal expansion coefficients</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Vapor pressures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Names for sets of chemical elements (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Names for sets of chemical elements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">IUPAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical nomenclature (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systematic_element_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systematic element name (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">systematic element name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivial_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trivial name (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Trivial name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Periodic table (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Book</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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href="/wiki/Group_10_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, బోరాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బోరాన్"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="C, కార్బన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="N, నైట్రోజన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="నైట్రోజన్"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="O, ఆక్సిజన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆక్సిజన్"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="F, ఫ్లోరిన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్లోరిన్"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Ne, నియాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాన్"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, సోడియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సోడియం"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Mg, మెగ్నీషియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="మెగ్నీషియం"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, అల్యూమినియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="అల్యూమినియం"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Si, సిలికాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సిలికాన్"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="P, భాస్వరం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భాస్వరం"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="S, సల్ఫర్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="సల్ఫర్"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cl, క్లోరిన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్లోరిన్"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Ar, ఆర్గాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్గాన్"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, పొటాషియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Ca, కాల్షియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాల్షియం"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, స్కాండియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్కాండియం"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ti, టైటానియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టైటానియం"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="V, వెనేడియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వెనేడియం"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Cr, క్రోమియం" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్రోమియం"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mn, మాంగనీస్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="మాంగనీస్"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Fe, ఇనుము" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఇనుము"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Co, కోబాల్ట్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="కోబాల్ట్"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Ni, నికెల్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="నికెల్"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cu, కాపర్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="కాపర్"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zn, జింక్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="జింక్"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Og, ఒగానెస్సాన్" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" 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class="mw-selflink selflink">క్షార లోహములు</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:16%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లిథియం">లిథియం</a> <br /> <b><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Li</span></b> <br /> <small>పరమాణు సంఖ్య: 3 <br /> పరమాణు భారం: 6.941 <br /> ద్రవీభవన స్థానం: 453.69 <br /> భాష్పీభవన స్థానం: 1615<br />ఎలక్ట్రాన్ ఋణాత్మకత: 0.98 <br /> నిర్దిష్ట ద్రవ్యరాశి 0,534 గ్రా/సెం.మీ. </small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:16%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సోడియం">సోడియం</a> <br /> <b><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Na</span></b> <br /> <small>పరమాణు సంఖ్య: 11 <br /> పరమాణు భారం: 22.990 <br /> ద్రవీభవన స్థానం: 370.87 <br /> భాష్పీభవన స్థానం: 1156 <br /> ఎలక్ట్రాన్ ఋణాత్మకత: 0.96<br /> నిర్దిష్ట ద్రవ్యరాశి 0,97 గ్రా/సెం.మీ. </small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:16%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం">పొటాషియం</a> <br /> <b><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">K</span></b> <br /> <small>పరమాణు సంఖ్య: 19 <br /> పరమాణు భారం: 39.098 <br /> ద్రవీభవన స్థానం: 336.58 <br /> భాష్పీభవన స్థానం: 1032 <br /> ఎలక్ట్రాన్ ఋణాత్మకత: 0.82 <br /> నిర్దిష్ట ద్రవ్యరాశి 0,86 గ్రా/సెం.మీ. </small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:16%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రుబీడియం">రుబీడియం</a> <br /> <b><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Rb</span></b> <br /> <small>పరమాణు సంఖ్య: 37 <br /> పరమాణు భారం: 85.468 <br /> ద్రవీభవన స్థానం: 312.46 <br /> భాష్పీభవన స్థానం: 961 <br /> ఎలక్ట్రాన్ ఋణాత్మకత: 0.82<br /> నిర్దిష్ట ద్రవ్యరాశి 1,53 గ్రా/సెం.మీ. </small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:16%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సీసియం">సీసియం</a> <br /> <b><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Cs</span></b> <br /> <small>పరమాణు సంఖ్య: 55 <br /> పరమాణు భారం: 132.905 <br /> ద్రవీభవన స్థానం: 301.59 <br /> భాష్పీభవన స్థానం: 944 <br /> ఎలక్ట్రాన్ ఋణాత్మకత: 0.79<br /> నిర్దిష్ట ద్రవ్యరాశి 1,93 గ్రా/సెం.మీ. </small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:16%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ఫ్రాన్షియం">ఫ్రాన్షియం</a> <br /> <b><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Fr</span></b> <br /> <small>పరమాణు సంఖ్య: 87 <br /> పరమాణు భారం: (223) <br /> ద్రవీభవన స్థానం: ?295 <br /> భాష్పీభవన స్థానం: ?950 <br /> ఎలక్ట్రాన్ ఋణాత్మకత: 0.7<br /> నిర్దిష్ట ద్రవ్యరాశి 1,87 గ్రా/సెం.మీ. </small> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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