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.contentmiddle h1 a { text-decoration: none; font-size: 2.4rem; font-weight: normal; color: #373731; /* near black */ line-height: 140%; } #headerW {height:100%; width: 100% !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display:block;} .l_sidebar a:link,.l_sidebar a:visited, .middle_sidebar a:link, .middle_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:link{ /*color:#0183B2; old blue*/ color: #394244; font-size: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid lightgrey; /*word-spacing: -.3rem; */ } .new_subscription_block { font-family:"Muli", sans-serif ; background: #daf4fc; border-radius: 0rem; margin:4% 5% 4% 5%; padding: 5% 7% 5% 7%; line-height:150%; } .new_subscription_block p{ Font-Family:Lora; font-style:italic;} .new_subscription_block h3, h4 {font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; } .r_sub_con a:visited, .r_sub_con a:link, .new_subscription_block a:visited, .new_subscription_block a:link{ border-top: 0px ;} /* turn off links */ #clearfixheader { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; padding-top:0px; } .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a, .social_li a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: .2rem .8rem !important /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color:#1e3a4a } .social_li li{display:inline; margin-left:10px ;margin-left:1rem; margin-right:10px; margin-right:1rem;} .centerwrap ul {margin: 0px -1% 0px 0%} #navbar{ font-size: 1.6rem; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 400; _text-transform: uppercase; font-weight:bold; z-index:99; /*margin-top, margin-bottom: 0px !important; */ text-alignment:center; height:auto !important; text-align:justify; -ms-text-justify:distribute-all-lines; text-justify:distribute-all-lines; _letter-spacing:-.5px; color:#39AACF; margin-top: 0px; margin-left:0%; _margin-right:7% ; border-radius:0px; _background-color:rgba(118,154,172,.9); background-color:rgba(57, 170, 207, .85); min-width:245px; _width: 86%; width: 100%; } #navbar a{ _font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold; padding:0 12px; padding:0 1rem; padding-top: 2px; text-decoration:none; letter-spacing: .1px; color: white; _font-family: Helvetica; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 2.2rem; padding-top: 3px; } .nav ul, .socmedia ul {text-align:center} /*#nav{list-style-type:none;} */ /* #nav li{display:inline;float:left;list-style-type:none} #nav .stretch { display: inline-block; width: 100%; *display: inline; zoom: 1 } */ /*icons by https://www.entypo.com/*/ .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a,.social a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: 0 .8rem !important; /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color: white; /*#1e3a4a */ } /* might work to space out items more nav li:before { margin-left: 3px} */ #search-old2{ display: inline-block!important; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; float: none!important; width: 115px!important; font-family: font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,serif !important; background-color: #1497c2; text-align: left !important; font-weight: normal!important; } #search-old2 form{background:none!important; width:110px; height:100%; margin-top:2px !important; padding:0px} /* this indents widget */ .contentwrapper ul li li{ text-indent: -1.1rem; } .contentwrapper a, a:visited, a:hover{font-size: inherit; } /* 1.6rem; shouldnt this just inherit */ .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul, .r_sidebar ul li { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*shading boxes around ads + contact info*/ .r_sidebar .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{background: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 0rem; } /*#bdbec2 */ .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{text-align:left; padding: 10px 18px 10px 18px; margin:12px -4px 0px -4px;} .box { border: .2rem solid black; font-size: 4rem; border-radius:2px;} .lightbox {border: .1rem solid grey ;} _colorcontrast {background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); margin: 0px; border-right: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-radius: 8px;} .tagline { text-align:left ; font-size:13px; font-size:1.3hw; line-height:100%; margin:0; margin-top: 6px; /* color:white !important; */ margin-left:6px; padding:2px; color:#4a7d96; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #tagline_container{ max-width:335px; width:100%; margin-top: 50px; margin-left: 21px; } _ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:3.5%; margin-right:4.3%;} #ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:7%; margin-right:4%; margin-top:3px;} #logocontainer{width:auto; float:left; margin-left:0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width:40%; } #big_logo { /* margin-left: 25%; max-width: 7%; transform: scale(8); float: left; width:100%; max-height: 10%; */ } #big_logo{ transform: scale(8); max-height:10%; max-width:325px; float: left !important; text-align: left; width: 100%; } #logo_container { width: 100%; float: left; z-index: -40; /* overflow: visible; */ max-width: 600px; max-height: 200px; min-width: 140px; margin-left: 20px; height: auto; min-height: 40px; margin-top: 0px; _background-image: url(/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/openculture_banner.png); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-width:80vw;; /*css3 viewport setting */ } .left { /* border: 2px dashed #f0f; */ text-align:left; _min-height:40px; height:auto; _margin-top: 45px; margin-left: 0px; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo-with-stacked-tagline.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo-with-tagline.svg") no-repeat; background-size: contain; max-width:600px; min-width:90px; overflow:hidden; _background-position-y:0px; _background-position-x:0px; background-position-x: center !important; background-position-y: center !important; z-index:200; } .right { float: right; _width: 740px; /*min-height: 25px;*/ margin-left: 2.5%; padding-left: 0px; margin-right: 20px ; padding-right:0px; /* border: 2px dashed #00f; */ position:relative; z-index:200; } .top{} .bottom{ background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background-size: contain; background-size: revert-layer; min-height:80px; /* border: 2px dashed green; */ clear:both; padding-top:8px; _margin: 4px 10px 0 10px; _background-position-y: 0px; /* min-height: 65px; */ clear: both; background-position-x: center; background-position-y:center; padding-top: 0px; margin: 2px 1rem 0px 1rem; /* height: 90px; */ _min-height: 110px; } #footerW{ right: 0; left: 0; position: relative; padding: 0; overflow:hidden;} .clear {clear:both;} .logo_clickable { position:absolute; width:100%; height:100%; top:0; left: 0; z-index: 50; _position:absolute; /* fixes overlap error in IE7/8, make sure you have an empty gif */ _background-image: url('empty.gif'); } .socialblock li {top: 2px;} .social-mail a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .social-mail-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-black.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-facebook-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-rss-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-mail a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a:hover { background: url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search :hover {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} /* override images that we dont want to go to margin */ .contentmiddle img.noexpand, .contentmiddle p img.noexpand, .contentmiddle img[src$="feed-icon16x16139.png"],img[title|="noexpand"], .contentmiddle div.noexpand img, .contentmiddle div.noexpand p img , .begbox img, .ct_comment_info img, ct_this_is_spam img, ct_comment_info div{ width:initial !important; display: block !important; line-height: 100%; } .noexpand img {width:initial !important;} /*this seems to work more reliably than above */ .contentmiddle img.oneXone {width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important;} .contentmiddle img.noexpand.center{display:block !important; } #footer { color: white; width: 100%; /*margin:0 auto; */ margin-bottom:100px; padding:28px 0 0 0px; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; font-weight:400; clear:both; display:inline-block; } .framearound_ad_in_post{margin: .6rem 0px 2.4rem 0px; height:auto;max-height:120px; width:100%;padding:0px; border: 2px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:8px;min-height:3rem; } .advertisement_notice{text-align:center; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant:small caps; color: #0183b2;} .begbox{color:white;width:100%;display:inline-block; background: #36b0d8; margin-left: -4px; padding: 0; font-family: Lora, "Lora", Times, serif;font-style:normal} .begbox img { width:250px ; margin: 8px auto} .begbox p, .begbox div {margin: 1em 0px 0 12px} .da_bottom {line-height:10%} .no-framearound_ad_in_post {padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top:15px; width: 100%} img.no-framearound_ad_in_post {width:100%} .responsive_belowheadline_ad{ height: 100%; display:inline-block; width:98%; min-height:70px; max-height:200px; margin-right:4px; padding-bottom: 10px; } /*comment box */ div.cbInner {background: #eaebe8; border-radius:8px ;} div.cbInner h5 {color: #000;} .comments {color:#000:;} /*bullets*/ /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars*/ /*.contentwrapper ul li li, */ .r_sidebar a:link,.r_sidebar a:visited,.r_sidebar a:hover,.middle_sidebar a:link,.middle_sidebar a:visited,.middle_sidebar a:hover{ font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: inherit; } .contentmiddle a:link, .contentwrapper a {text-decoration:none; } .l_sidebar ul li a:hover, .middle_sidebar ul li a:hover, .r_sidebar ul li a:hover, .contentmiddle a:hover { text-decoration:underline} #footer ul li {line-height:130%; list-style:none;} #footer ul li a:link {color:white; font-size:1.6rem; text-decoration:none;} #footer ul li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .l_sidebar li a, .r_sidebar li a, .middle_sidebar li a{ /*display:block; */ /*OC-typography.png */ text-decoration:none; padding-left: 1em; /*font-style:italic;*/ font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; _font-style:bold; font-weight:400; color:#394244; } .widgettitle{ _border-top-width: 1px; _border-top-style: dotted; _border-top-color: gray; font-family:"Lora", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; _font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 19px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px ; margin: 8px 2px 2px 1px !important; /*color: #898477; */ letter-spacing: -.5px; } .widgetbox ul,.widget_categories ul, .widget_archive ul { border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc ; padding-bottom: 30px !important; display:block;} .widgetbox li a, .widget_categories li a, .widget_archive li a {display:block;} .recent_post{ border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc; padding: 0 0 30px 0px; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height:150%; overflow:hidden; } .noborder, .middle_sidebar.noborder:link, div.noborder a {border-top: 0px white !important;} .contentmiddle ul li a{} /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars* .contentwrapper ul li li,*/ .contentmiddle li, .r_sidebar li, .l_sidebar li, .middle_sidebar li { /* background:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFALMJANTPvq2ok8rGs8C8qMXBrrKtmLeynufj0+Pezvby4wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAkALAAAAAAFAAUAQAQQcByCkqQpCQPCKYiBfCESAQA7) no-repeat 0 10px; */ list-style-type:none; zoom:1; margin-left: .8em; zoom: 1; padding-left: .2em; margin-bottom: .3em; line-height:1.9rem; } .contentmiddle ul li li :before , .r_sidebar ul li li :before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, .l_sidebar ul li li :before { /*content: "\25B8"; */ float:left; padding-right:1rem; font-style:normal;} .contentmiddle ul li li li :before {content:none;} .contentmiddle ul li {list-style-type: none; padding-right:.8rem; padding-bottom: .4rem; font-style:normal;} /*set general padding for Ul lists */ .contentwrapper ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px 0; background:none; } .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*titles in widgets*/ .widgettitle, ul.l_sidebar li h2, ul.r_sidebar li h2, ul.middle_sidebar li h2, .middle_sidebar li h2 { font-weight:normal; padding:3px; margin:2px 2px 2px 1px; _font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-family:Lora; color:#fc621f letter-spacing:-.5px; list-style-type:none; background: none !important; font-size: 1.9rem; } .r_sidebar ul {margin-left:-.6rem;} .middle_sidebar ul{ margin-top:1.2rem; margin-left:-1.1rem;} .middle_sidebar ul li {background:none } .contentmiddle li {background: none no-repeat 0 10px; list-style-type:none; zoom:1; /*margin-left: .8rem; */ zoom: 1; padding-left: .2rem; margin-bottom: 0rem; } /* turn off bullets on headers */ .contentwrapper ul {background:none;} /*lists inside lists */ .contentmiddle ul li li {margin-bottom:0rem; margin-left:5rem; list-style-type: none; } .contentwrapper ul {content:"";} .contentmiddle ul li li:before, .contentmiddle ul li:before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, /*put right triangle before bullets */ .middle_sidebar ul li li, .r_sidebar ul li li, .l_sidebar ul li li {line-height:inherit;} // Variables @colorBase: #394244; .transition (@prop: all, @time: 1s, @ease: linear) { -webkit-transition: @prop @time @ease; -moz-transition: @prop @time @ease; -o-transition: @prop @time @ease; -ms-transition: @prop @time @ease; transition: @prop @time @ease; } .universal-inline-block { display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; } /* horizontal buttons */ div .social-icons2 { text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.5em; color: @colorBase; _margin: -2% -8% -2% -14%; } .social-icons2 ul { margin: 0; _padding: 0; list-style-type: none; text-align: center; } .social-icons2 ul li { _padding: 0px 8px 0px 6px; display:inline-block; text-indent:0; margin: 0px -4px 0px -4px;} .social-icons2 ul li a { text-decoration: none; _padding: .1rem .8rem; color: #fff; } .social-icons2-altmargin ul li {padding: 0 20px;} .social-icons2 ul li a:hover{ color: #1497c2; } .margin_left_10 {margin-left:-10px;} .white_background {background-color:white;} .oc-center, .oc-center img { width:100% ; max-width:100% !important; margin:0 auto; display:block; text-align:center;} .oc-center-da, .oc-center-da img, .oc-center-da object, .oc-center-da img { max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; margin:0 auto; display: block; text-align:center;} /*fix expanding captcha refresh */ #fscf_captcha_refresh1 {width: 24px;height: 24px;} .oc-video-container { position: relative; _padding-bottom: 63.25%; padding-bottom:54%; padding-top: 10px; height: 0; } a.mashicon-reddit{background-color: darkred;} /* allow for override of img resizer */ .contentmiddle div.oc-no-resize-center img{ width: inherit !important; margin 0 auto; float:left} /*#footer img{width:inherit!important ;} */ /*footer stuff */ #flexcanvas{ width: 100%; max-width:100%; _height: 600px !important; margin-left: 3px; } .rowParent, .columnParent{ display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-flex-wrap: nowrap; -ms-flex-wrap: nowrap; flex-wrap: nowrap; -webkit-box-pack: start; -webkit-justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -webkit-align-content: stretch; -ms-flex-line-pack: stretch; align-content: stretch; -webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-align-items: stretch; -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; } .columnParent{ -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .flexChild{ -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; flex: 1; -webkit-align-self: auto; -ms-flex-item-align: auto; align-self: auto; margin:1px; font-size:1.3rem; /*border: 1px dotted #d1ccbc */ } .flexChild ul, .flexChild ul li {margin-left:-1.2rem;} .rowChild85696 {padding:1.8rem; margin-bottom:1.4rem} .rowChild9255 {margin:0px;} .minustopbottommargin20{margin-top:-20px !important; margin-bottom:-20px !important;} .minustopbottommargin40{margin-top:-40px !important; margin-bottom:-40px !important;} .minustopmargin20{margin-top:-20px !important;} .minustopmargin40{margin-top:-40px !important;} .curatedcategory ul li { text-decoration: none; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin-left:1.0rem; line-height: 140%;} .curatedcategory ul {margin-left: 1.2rem;} .curatedcategory h2 {margin-left:1.0rem;} .curatedcategory h2 a {font-variant:small-caps;} .contentmiddle ol {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;} .contentmiddle ol li {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;line-spacing:120%;margin-bottom:.8rem;} input[type=search] { -moz-appearance:none; -webkit-appearance:none; } .sb-search { position: relative; color:#fff; border:none; width: 20px; width: 0%; min-width: 24px; min-height: 2.4rem; float: right; height:100%; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: width 0.3s; -moz-transition: width 0.3s; transition: width 0.6s; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } .sb-search-input, input[type="search"] { position: absolute; top: -6px; right: 0px; border: none; outline: none; margin-right:24px; width: 100%; height: 88%; min-height:2.5rem; _margin: 8px 2px 8px 2px; z-index: 25; _padding: 4px 65px 4px 20px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.8rem; color: white; background-color:#1497c2; } input[type="search"] {background-color:#1497c2;} .sb-icon-search, .sb-search-submit { display:block; position: absolute; border:none; right: 0; top: 0; float: right; padding: 0; _margin: 0; _line-height: 24px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-color:#fff; _background-color:#1497c2; _height:1.9rem; color:white; width: 1.6rem; height: 2.3rem; _margin-top: 6px; } .sb-search-submit { background: #fff; /* IE needs this */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)"; /* IE 8 */ filter: alpha(opacity=0); /* IE 5-7 */ opacity: 0; color: transparent; border: none; outline: none; z-index: -1; width: 100%; } /*.sb-icon-search{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} */ .sb-icon-search{ color:white; background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat; background-position-y:center; background-margin-y:4px;} li.search-popout {_display:none; top:.8rem;} .sb-search form {min-height:20px;} input[type=text].sb-search-input,textarea.sb-search-input {background-color:#1497c2; color:#FFF;} #navbar :after {clear:both;} /* fix placeholder color */ ::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* WebKit, Blink, Edge */ color: #fff; } :-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 4 to 18 */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } ::-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 19+ */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } :-ms-input-placeholder { /* Internet Explorer 10-11 */ color: #fff; } .sb-search.sb-search-open, .no-js .sb-search { width: 100%; min-width:300px; min-width: 75vw; margin-left: -10vw; overflow:visible;; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-icon-search, .no-js .sb-search .sb-icon-search { z-index: 11; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-search-submit, .no-js .sb-search .sb-search-submit { z-index: 90; } .negativetopmargin50 {margin-top:-50px;} .negativetopmargin40 {margin-top:-40px;} .negativetopmargin20 {margin-top:-20px;} .bulleted, .bulleted ul {list-style-type: disc;} .bulleted ul li, .contentmiddle.p1 ul li, .p1 li, .contentmiddle li,.contentmiddle.p1 ul li,.entry ul li, .entry ul {list-style-type: disc;} #last, .last a, .li a last {color:black !important;} .cli-bar-message {font-family:Lora,"Lora",Times,serif;} .addtoany_shortcode div {margin-top: 14px;} /*Step 5 aesthetic tweaks, including column width changes*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { body { margin-top:1rem !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:1024px) and (min-width:930px){ body { _font-size:88%; margin-top: 15px;} ul li#K-12{display:inline} .contentmiddle{width:54%!important} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:30px !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper { margin-left:.2rem; margin-top: 4rem !important;} #navbar {margin-top: -2rem !important;width:100%;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin: 0 3% 0 3% !important; width:93% !important;} .contentwrapper {width: 94% !important; margin: 6px 1rem 0 1rem !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} } @media only screen and (max-width:929px) and (min-width:890px){ #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:65px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:891px) and (min-width:821px){ /* less than 891 px, more than 821, run all three ads */ .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} html{margin-top:45px;;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:60px !important;} /* #wrap{margin-top:100px !important;}*/ /* .left{background: url("/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/big_white_logo.png") no-repeat !important; min-width:60px !important;} */ #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:1% !important; margin-right:1% !important; width:98% !important;} /*.contentwrapper {width:94% !important; margin: 6px 2% 0 2%!important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} */ } @media only screen and (max-width:814px)and (min-width:740px){ /* less than 820, less than 740, push right sidebar down with wide middle sidebar */ /* this is ipad portrait mode */ /* .r_sidebar{display:none!important} */ html{margin-top:40px;;} .contentmiddle{width:66% !important} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important;} /*.contentwrapper {width:94% !important; margin: 1.5rem 0rem 0 2rem !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} */ #clearfixheader{ margin-top:30px !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:739px)and (min-width:569px){ /*ipad portrait =768 */ html{font-size:70%; margin-top:30px !important;} .r_sidebar{display:none!important} .contentmiddle{width:62%!important} .middle_sidebar{width:30% !important} /* .contentwrapper {width:94% !important; margin: 0px 3% 0 3% !important;} */ #navbar {margin-top: 4rem !important;} #clearfixheader { margin-bottom: 2rem !important; margin-top:20px !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:4% !important; margin-right:4% !important; width:96% !important;} /* #wrap{margin-top:20px !important;}*/ .middle_sidebar{border-right:solid 0px #fff!important} .right{float:none !important; margin: 0 auto; text-align:center !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:568px)and (min-width:536px){ /* iphone 6 landscape */ /*h1{font-size:1.3rem} */ html{font-size:72%; margin-top:40px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:100%!important;} .middle_sidebar{display:none!important;} .r_sidebar{display:none!important} /* #wrap{margin-top:30px !important}}*/ #navbar {margin-top: -1.2rem !important } #clearfixheader { margin-bottom: -1.4rem !important; margin-top:20px !important; } .right{width:100%;float:none !important; margin: 0 auto; text-align:center !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important; } /* .contentwrapper {width:96% !important; margin: 1rem 3% 0 3% !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} */ } @media only screen and (max-width:535px){ /* */ /*h1{font-size:1.3rem} */ html{font-size:64%; margin-top:0px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:100%!important;} .middle_sidebar{display:none!important;} .r_sidebar{display:none!important} /* #wrap{margin-top:30px !important}}*/ #navbar {margin-top: 1.8rem !important;} #clearfixheader { margin-bottom: -1rem !important; display: inline-flex; height: 100%; margin-top: 35px !important;;} .bottom {min-height:40px !important;margin-top:14px;} .right{float:none 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class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="1279265463" data-ad-format="auto"></ins><br> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068496" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/how-marion-stokes-an-activist-librarian-recorded-over-30-years-of-tv-news-on-70000-video-tapes.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to How Marion Stokes, an Activist Librarian, Recorded 30 Years of TV News on 70,000 Video Tapes: It’s All Now Being Digitized and Put Online"> How Marion Stokes, an Activist Librarian, Recorded 30 Years of TV News on 70,000 Video Tapes: It’s All Now Being Digitized and Put Online </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/archives" rel="category tag">Archives</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/television" rel="category tag">Television</a> </em> | August 30th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068496" class="post-1068496 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-archives category-film category-television"> <div class="oc-video-container"><iframe frameborder="0" height="480" src="https://archive.org/embed/WCAU_Input14" width="640" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>“Nothing is more important than television,” said J.D. Salinger (as impersonated, that is, in an episode of <em>Bojack Horseman</em>). A passive, pacifying medium—“cool,” as Marshall McLuhan called it—TV has also long been an easy target for punditry, for many decades before the perpetrator <em>du jour</em>, video games. Television spread ignorance, was “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgOWTM5R2DA&feature=youtu.be">the drug of the nation</a>,” said Michael Franti, peddled fake heroes on “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtkQGG8vlPA%27" rel="nofollow">channel zero</a>,” said Public Enemy, and would lead to an “electrical re-tribalization of the West,” McLuhan predicted (and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImaH51F4HBw">further explained in this interview</a>).</p> <p>Marion Stokes set out to do more than any of the men above who made pronouncements about television. She dedicated her life to preserving the evidence, taping television news for over 33 years, from 1979 “until the day she died,” writes <a href="https://blog.archive.org/2019/05/24/71716-video-tapes-in-12094-days/">the Internet Archive</a>, who now hold Stokes’ “unique 71k+ video cassette collection” and intend to digitize all of it. Stokes “was a fiercely private African American social justice champion, librarian, political radical, TV producer, feminist, Apple Computer super-fan and collector like few others.”</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>She “questioned the media’s motivations and recognized the insidious intentional spread of disinformation…. Ms. Stokes was alarmed. In a private herculean effort, she took on the challenge of independently preserving the news record of her times in its most pervasive and persuasive form—TV.” She also preserved three decades of televised critiques of television. She began making her archive at the beginning of the Iran Hostage Crisis on November 14, 1979. “She hit record and never stopped,” her son Michael Metelits says in <em><a href="https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/recorder-the-marion-stokes-project-review-1203197887/">Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project</a></em>, “a newly released documentary,” reports <a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/marion-stokes-television-news-archive">Atlas Obscura</a>, “about [Stokes] and the archival project that became her life’s work.”</p> <p>In one remarkable example of TV critique, at the top, we see William Davidon, professor of Physics at Haverford College, decrying television for spreading ignorance, social irresponsibility, and passive consumption, making people unable to participate in the political process. The roundtable discussion took place on a 1968 episode of <em>Input</em>. A little over a year later, writes the Internet Archive, Davidon “would take an action of great social consequence,” breaking into an FBI field office with seven others and stealing the evidence that “revealed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a>.” (They were never caught, and Davidon’s role only came out posthumously.)</p> <p>Then known as Marion Metelits, Stokes co-produced <em>Input</em>, a local Philadelphia Sunday morning talk show, with her future husband John S. Stokes Jr., and both of them appear on the program above (both credited as representing the Wellsprings Ecumenical Center). The conversation ranges widely, with Ms. Metelits and Davidon spiritedly defending “human potential” against too-rigid systems of classification and manipulation. There are a few dozen more episodes of <em>Input </em>currently at the Internet Archive, with panels featuring academics, activists, and clergy (such as the <a href="https://archive.org/details/WCAU_Input10">episode</a> explaining, sort of, the “Wellsprings Ecumenical Center.”)</p> <p>It’s a hard-hitting, controversial show for a local broadcast, and it gives us a detailed view of a range of both popular and radical positions of the time, including Stokes’, which we can learn more about in the journals, notes, lists, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets, leaflets, handbills, and more she collected since 1960, many of which <a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=marion%20stokes">have also been digitized at the Internet Archive</a>. Stokes backed her views with action. She was “surveilled by the government for her early political activism,” Atlas Obscura writes, and “attempted to defect to Cuba” with her first husband Melvin Metelits. She kept her recording project private, “eschewed Tivo” and “never sent an email in her life.”</p> <p>She also made a small fortune in Apple stock, which funded her project and “the massive storage space she required as the sole force behind it.” Stokes left us no doubt as to why she documented thirty years of TV news. But those documents get to speak for themselves—or they will, at least. Stokes recorded far more than her own program, three decades more. And the Internet Archive is currently “endeavoring to help make sure” the entire collection “is <a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=marion%20stokes">digitized and made available online to everyone</a>, forever, for free.”</p> <p>If television had, and maybe still has, the power ascribed to it by its many astute critics, then Marion Stokes’ painstaking <a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=marion%20stokes">archive</a> offers an invaluable means of understanding how we got to where we are, if not how to change course. Stokes’ collection, and the documentary about her life, show “how the news was going to evolve into an addiction,” as Owen Gleiberman writes at <a href="https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/recorder-the-marion-stokes-project-review-1203197887/"><em>Variety</em></a>. The project <a href="https://www.polygon.com/2019/4/30/18520838/recorder-documentary-review-vhs-tapes-marion-stokes">took over her life</a> and fractured her relationships. “Even if you’re obsessed with the inaccuracy of TV news, it has still entrapped you, like a two-way mirror that won’t let you see the other side.” If the medium is the message, the other side might always be more television.</p> <p>via <a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/marion-stokes-television-news-archive">Atlas Obscura</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/10/hear-marshall-mcluhans-the-medium-is-the-massage-1967.html">Hear Marshall McLuhan’s The Medium is the Massage (1967)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/04/animated-short-videos-introduce-5-heavyweights-of-media-criticism.html">5 Animations Introduce the Media Theory of Noam Chomsky, Roland Barthes, Marshall McLuhan, Edward Said & Stuart Hall</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/08/new-archive-presents-800000-pages-of-film-and-broadcasting-history.html">New Archive Makes Available 800,000 Pages Documenting the History of Film, Television & Radio</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/how-marion-stokes-an-activist-librarian-recorded-over-30-years-of-tv-news-on-70000-video-tapes.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/how-marion-stokes-an-activist-librarian-recorded-over-30-years-of-tv-news-on-70000-video-tapes.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/how-marion-stokes-an-activist-librarian-recorded-over-30-years-of-tv-news-on-70000-video-tapes.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068481" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-scandalous-painting-that-helped-create-modern-art.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Scandalous Painting That Helped Create Modern Art: An Introduction to Édouard Manet’s <i>Olympia</i>"> The Scandalous Painting That Helped Create Modern Art: An Introduction to Édouard Manet’s <i>Olympia</i> </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a> </em> | August 30th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068481" class="post-1068481 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-art category-history"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/YHKFK6_pepo?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Here in the 21st century, only the most sheltered among us could be shocked by the sight of a naked body. It would seem that the whole of human history has at least that in common with us: only certain societies at certain times have considered nudity a force worth suppressing. But then, has the problem ever been nudity in general, or rather the context, the nature, and the implications of particular instances of nudity? It’s fair to say that Titian’s <a href="https://www.visituffizi.org/artworks/venus-of-urbino-by-titian/"><em>Venus of Urbino</em></a> has scandalized practically no one. Yet three centuries later, Édouard Manet’s outwardly similar 1865 canvas <em><a href="https://www.widewalls.ch/edouard-manet-olympia/">Olympia</a> </em>sent shockwaves through the Paris art world. Why?</p> <p>The rules of the <a href="http://www.academiedesbeauxarts.fr/">Paris Academy of Fine Arts</a> at the time dictated that “great art was supposed to convey a moral or intellectual message,” says the narrator of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHKFK6_pepo">Vox’s video essay on <em>Olympia</em> above</a>. “All acceptable art fell into one of five categories, ranked by their capacity to deliver those messages.” The lesser of these were still lifes and landscapes, in the middle fell genre paintings, and the greatest were portraits and historical works. And “equally important to what was painted was how it was painted,” with more points going to “idolized, prettified visions of the world, smooth and beautiful with no body hair and flawless skin,” all painted in a way “that follow the rules of depth and perspective, meaning it looks like it could exist in the real world.”</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>The Academy of Fine Arts would pay little regard, then, to the “stark and unnatural colors” of <em>Olympia, </em>its “rough and textured” brushstrokes, and its much “flatter and less complex” look than the Renaissance realism idolized in those days. That Manet would dare give his obvious “homage” to the <em>Venus of Urbino</em> a title like <em>Olympia</em>, a common <em>nom de guerre</em> for prostitutes in 19th-century Paris, caused some seriously ruffled feathers as well. So why did the Academy put Manet’s painting on display in the first place? “It probably had something to do with his growing popularity. You can see his influence so clearly in what came next. He led the charge towards Modernism in the late 1800s, starting with the Impressionists — Monet, Degas — who adopted his penchant for modern themes and lucent brushstrokes.”</p> <p>A more 20th-century reading of <em>Olympia </em>holds up the painting as proof that “no one entity gets to decide what art should look like.” An <a href="http://www.artcuriouspodcast.com/artcuriouspodcast/41?rq=olympia">episode of the <em>ArtCurious</em></a><a href="http://www.artcuriouspodcast.com/artcuriouspodcast/41?rq=olympia"> podcast about <em>Olympia</em></a> goes further still, claiming for Manet’s subject the status of a feminist icon. But even the painting’s contemporary detractors saw something important in it. Émile Zola at first seemed to dismiss the work by writing, “You wanted a nude, and you chose Olympia, the first that came along.” But he also admitted that <em>Olympia</em> captured something more genuine than even the most gloriously realistic paintings could: “When our artists give us Venuses, they correct nature, they lie. Édouard Manet asked himself why lie, why not tell the truth; he introduced us to Olympia, this <i>fille </i>of our time, whom you meet on the sidewalks.”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"></sup></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/05/edouard-manet-illustrates-edgar-allan-poes-the-raven.html">Édouard Manet Illustrates Edgar Allan Poe’s <em>The Raven</em>, in a French Edition Translated by Stephane Mallarmé (1875)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/06/a-quick-six-minute-journey-through-modern-art.html">A Quick Six Minute Journey Through Modern Art: How You Get from Manet’s 1862 Painting, “The Luncheon on the Grass,” to Jackson Pollock 1950s Drip Paintings</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/07/the-most-disturbing-painting.html">The Most Disturbing Painting: A Close Look at Francisco Goya’s “Saturn Devouring His Son”</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/03/van-goghs-ugliest-masterpiece-a-break-down-of-his-late-great-painting-the-night-cafe-1888.html">Van Gogh’s Ugliest Masterpiece: A Break Down of His Late, Great Painting, The Night Café (1888)</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcasts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Faceboo</a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">k</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-scandalous-painting-that-helped-create-modern-art.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-scandalous-painting-that-helped-create-modern-art.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-scandalous-painting-that-helped-create-modern-art.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068474" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/lemony-snicket-reveals-his-edward-gorey-obsession-in-an-upcoming-animated-documentary.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Lemony Snicket Reveals His Edward Gorey Obsession in an Upcoming Animated Documentary"> Lemony Snicket Reveals His Edward Gorey Obsession in an Upcoming Animated Documentary </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/animation-2" rel="category tag">Animation</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/k-12" rel="category tag">K-12</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/life" rel="category tag">Life</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/literature" rel="category tag">Literature</a> </em> | August 30th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068474" class="post-1068474 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-animation-2 category-art category-k-12 category-life category-literature"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/0p8iAK3h7UM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <blockquote><p><em>Had the gloom-haunted </em><a href="http://www.edwardgoreyhouse.org/biography" rel="nofollow"><em>Edward Gorey</em></a> <em>found a way to have a love child with Dorothy Parker, their issue might well have been Lemony Snicket, the pseudonymous author of a multivolume family chronicle brought out under the genteel appellation </em><a href="https://amzn.to/2zwDJ58"><em>A Series of Unfortunate Events</em></a><em>. </em></p> <p><em>- Gregory Maguire, </em><a href="http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/00/10/15/reviews/001015.rv075315.html"><em>The New York Times</em></a></p></blockquote> <p>Author <a href="https://www.danielhandler.com/">Daniel Handler</a>—<em>aka </em>Lemony Snicket—was but a child when he fortuitously stumbled onto the curious oeuvre of <a href="http://www.edwardgoreyhouse.org/biography" rel="nofollow">Edward Gorey</a>.</p> <p>The little books were illustrated, hand-lettered, and mysterious. They alluded to terrible things befalling innocents in a way that made young Handler laugh and want more, though he shied from making such a request of his parents, lest the books constitute pornography.</p> <p>(His fear strikes this writer as wholly reasonable—my father kept a copy of <a href="https://amzn.to/2PEkG3V"><em>The Curious Sofa: A Pornographic Work </em>by Ogdred Weary</a>—<em>aka </em>Edward Gorey—stashed in the bathroom of my childhood home. Its perversions were many, though far from explicit and utterly befuddling to a third grade bookworm. The exceedingly economical text hinted at a multitude of unfamiliar taboos, and Gorey the illustrator understood the value of a well-placed ornamental urn.)</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Interviewed above for Christopher Seufert’s upcoming <a href="https://edwardgoreyfilm.com/about">feature-length Gorey documentary</a>, Handler is effusive about the depth of this early influence:</p> <p>The gothic setting. (Handler always fancied that an in-person meeting with Gorey would resemble the first 20 minutes of a <a href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/fast-track-fandom-beginners-guide-through-hammer-horror" rel="nofollow">Hammer horror movie</a>.)</p> <p>The dark, unwinking humor arising from a plot as grim as that of <a href="https://amzn.to/2L6syqd"><em>The Hapless Child</em></a><em>, </em>or <a href="https://amzn.to/34cFhPZ"><em>The Blue Aspic</em></a><em>, </em>the first title young Handler purchased with his own money.</p> <p>An intentionally murky pseudonym geared to ignite all manner of wildly readerly speculation as to the author’s lifestyle and/or true identity. (Gorey attributed various of his works to Dogear Wryde, Ms. Regera Dowdy, Eduard Blutig, O. Müde and the aforementioned Ogdred Weary, among others.)</p> <p>Even <a href="https://www.lemonysnicket.com/the-cursed-creators/">Lemony Snickett’s website</a> carries a strong whiff of Gorey.</p> <p>In acknowledgment of this debt, Handler sent copies of the first two Snickett books to the reclusive author, along with a fan letter that apologized for ripping him off. Gorey died in April 2000, a couple of weeks after the package was posted, leaving Handler doubtful that it was even opened.</p> <p>Handler namechecks other artists who operate in Gorey’s thrall: filmmakers <a href="http://timburton.com/">Tim Burton</a> and <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0327273/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm">Michel Gondry</a>, musicians <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/02/amanda-palmer-sings-a-her-heartfelt-musical-tribute-to-ya-author-judy-blume-on-her-80th-birthday.html">Amanda Palmer</a> and <a href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8515031/trent-reznor-reznorssance-nine-inch-nails-pop-influence-2019">Trent Reznor</a>, and novelist <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/02/hear-neil-gaiman-read-aloud-15-of-his-own-works.html">Neil Gaiman</a>.</p> <p>Perhaps owing to the spectacular popularity of Snickett’s <a href="https://amzn.to/2zwDJ58"><em>Series of Unfortunate Events</em></a>, Gorey has lately become a bit more of an above-ground discovery for young readers. Scholastic has <a href="http://www.scholastic.com/browse/lessonplan.jsp?id=1499">a free Edward Gorey lesson plan</a>, geared to grades 6–12.</p> <p>More information about Christopher Seufert’s Gorey documentary, with animations by Ben Wickey and the active participation of its subject during his final four years of life, <a href="https://edwardgoreyfilm.com/about">can be found</a> <a href="https://edwardgoreyfilm.com/about">here</a>.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/11/edward-gorey-talks-love-cats-animated-series-goreytelling.html">Edward Gorey Talks About His Love Cats & More in the Animated Series, “Goreytelling”</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/05/edward-gorey-illustrates-h-g-wells-the-war-of-the-worlds-in-his-inimitable-gothic-style-1960.html">Edward Gorey Illustrates H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds in His Inimitable Gothic Style (1960)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/04/the-first-american-picture-book-wanda-gags-millions-of-cats-1928.html">The First American Picture Book, Wanda Gág’s Millions of Cats (1928)</a></p> <p><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><em>Ayun Halliday </em></a><em>is an author, illustrator, theater maker and Chief Primatologist of </em><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/" rel="nofollow"><em>the East Village Inky</em></a><em>zine.  Join her in NYC on Monday, September 9 for another season of her book-based variety show, </em><a href="http://www.theater-of-the-apes.com/current-productions/necromancers-public-domain/"><em>Necromancers of the Public Domain</em></a><em>. Follow her </em><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><em>@AyunHalliday</em></a><em>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/lemony-snicket-reveals-his-edward-gorey-obsession-in-an-upcoming-animated-documentary.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/lemony-snicket-reveals-his-edward-gorey-obsession-in-an-upcoming-animated-documentary.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/lemony-snicket-reveals-his-edward-gorey-obsession-in-an-upcoming-animated-documentary.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068467" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/watch-the-completely-unsafe-vertigo-inducing-footage-of-workers-building-new-yorks-iconic-skyscrapers.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Watch the Completely Unsafe, Vertigo-Inducing Footage of Workers Building New York’s Iconic Skyscrapers"> Watch the Completely Unsafe, Vertigo-Inducing Footage of Workers Building New York’s Iconic Skyscrapers </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a> </em> | August 29th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068467" class="post-1068467 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-history"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/gDN4c2wnx3E?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Would anyone in their right mind sign up for a job that had a high risk of mortality/disability? Or a job where red hot metal is being hurled directly at your face? Back in the 1920s this was the lot of the men who built New York’s skyline, the men who constructed the Chrysler Building and the Empire State, giant phallic symbols of America’s burgeoning wealth and power.</p> <p>In this short clip (remastered and quite decently colorized) from the Smithsonian Channel, we get a brief glimpse of the perils encountered daily on the building site. Nicknamed “roughnecks,” the narrator points out that they work without harnesses, safety ropes, or hard hats. Red hot rivets are thrown at men on the metal beams higher up and they are meant to catch them with what looks like a tin funnel. You can see the thinnest of ropes used to lift the now-iconic stainless steel art-deco eagles into place by men weary felt hats and no gloves.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>The workers came from Europe, many who had trained on ships. Some came from Montreal’s Kahnawake reservation. The latter, known as Iron Walkers, were Mohawk, known for working fearlessly at great heights.</p> <p>“A lot of people think Mohawks aren’t afraid of heights; that’s not true,” Kyle Karonhiaktatie Beauvais said in 2002. “We have as much fear as the next guy. The difference is that we deal with it better.”</p> <p>Much of this work was documented by photographer Lewis Hine, who captured a mix of brute strength and gravity defying courage along with private moments of rest, catching a smoke or taking lunch. You can see many of his famous photos in this clip:</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/MiYn9d1CAto?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>The Chrysler Building was completed in 1930, and reached a height of 1,046 feet (319 m), featuring 77 floors. It held its fame as the world’s tallest building for only 11 months. In 1931 workers completed the Empire State Building, standing at 1,454 feet (443.2 m) and housing 102 floors. (That’s dinky compared to the current record-holder: Dubai’s Burj Khalifa, which stands at 2,722 feet (829.8 m)).</p> <p>Heads up: The Smithsonian Channel clip has some of the worst examples of YouTube comments among the videos we’ve highlighted over the year, as if people still don’t work in terrible and unsafe conditions in order to feed their families and pay rent. And look! Here’s a guy who walks out onto the Chrysler eagle just for fun. Don’t say we didn’t warn you:</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/atH-hJhBx7Y?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/05/paris-new-york-havana-come-to-life.html">Paris, New York & Havana Come to Life in Colorized Films Shot Between 1890 and 1931</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/06/a-light-show-on-the-empire-state-building-gets-synced-to-the-deads-live-performance-of-touch-of-grey-6242017.html">A Light Show on The Empire State Building Gets Synced to the Dead’s Live Performance of “Touch of Grey” (6/24/2017)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/03/architects-dress-as-famous-buildings-they-designed-in-vintage-1931-photo.html">Famous Architects Dress as Their Famous New York City Buildings (1931)</a></p> <p><em> Ted Mills is a freelance writer on the arts who currently hosts the artist interview-based <a href="http://www.funkzonepodcast.com/">FunkZone Podcast</a> and is the producer of KCRW’s <a href="http://curious.kcrw.com/category/curious-coast">Curious Coast</a>. You can also follow him on Twitter at <a href="http://www.twitter.com/tedmills">@tedmills</a>, read his other arts writing at <a href="http://www.tedmills.com">tedmills.com</a> and/or watch his films <a href="https://vimeo.com/user749601">here</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ted-mills" title="Posts by Ted Mills" rel="author">Ted Mills</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/watch-the-completely-unsafe-vertigo-inducing-footage-of-workers-building-new-yorks-iconic-skyscrapers.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/watch-the-completely-unsafe-vertigo-inducing-footage-of-workers-building-new-yorks-iconic-skyscrapers.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/watch-the-completely-unsafe-vertigo-inducing-footage-of-workers-building-new-yorks-iconic-skyscrapers.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068423" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/ray-harryhausens-creepy-war-of-the-worlds-sketches-and-stop-motion-test-footage.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Ray Harryhausen’s Creepy <i>War of the Worlds</i> Sketches and Stop-Motion Test Footage"> Ray Harryhausen’s Creepy <i>War of the Worlds</i> Sketches and Stop-Motion Test Footage </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/animation-2" rel="category tag">Animation</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a> </em> | August 29th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068423" class="post-1068423 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-animation-2 category-film"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/XutWqtjjLuM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Most of us know <em>The War of the Worlds</em> because of <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/10/war-of-the-worlds-broadcast-turns-75.html">Orson Welles’ slightly-too-realistic radio adaptation</a>, first broadcast on Halloween 1938. But its source material, H.G. Wells’ 1898 science-fiction novel, still fires up the imagination. Its many adaptations since have taken the form of comic books, video games, television series, and more besides. Several films have used <em>The War of the Worlds</em> as their basis, including a high-profile one in 2005 directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Cruise, and more than half a century before that, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zrn1pp0NgU">George Pal’s first 1953</a> adaptation in all its Technicolor glory.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068431 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="792" height="695" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1.jpg 792w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-240x211.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-360x316.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-768x674.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-300x263.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068431" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1.jpg" alt width="792" height="695" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1.jpg 792w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-240x211.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-360x316.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-768x674.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204154/Harryhousen1-300x263.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px"></noscript></p> <p>In recent years materials have surfaced showing us the midcentury <em>War of the Worlds</em> picture that could have been, one featuring the stop-motion creature-creation of Ray Harryhausen.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>“Well before CGI technology beamed extraterrestrials onto the big screen, stop-motion animation master Harryhausen brought to life Wells’ vision of a slimy Martian with enormous bulging eyes, a slobbering beaked mouth and ‘Gorgon groups of tentacles’ in a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa2OCI_M4zo" rel="nofollow">16 mm test reel</a>,” <a href="https://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/war-of-the-worlds/256854/never-before-seen-war-of-the-worlds-footage-lands">writes Den of Geek’s Elizabeth Rayne</a>.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068432 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="736" height="612" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2.jpg 736w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2-240x200.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2-360x299.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2-300x249.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068432" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2.jpg" alt width="736" height="612" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2.jpg 736w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2-240x200.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2-360x299.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204215/Harryhousen2-300x249.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px"></noscript></p> <p>“The result is something that looks like a twisted mashup of a Muppet and an octopus.” Harryhausen had long dreamed of bringing <em>The War of the Worlds</em> to the big screen, and anyone who has seen Harryhausen’s work of the 1950s and 60s, as it appears in such films as <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROssbvtE41U"><em>The 7th Voyage of Sinbad</em></a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow-dkIuIaz8"><em>Jason and the Argonauts</em></a>, knows that he was surely the man for this job. He certainly had the right spirit: as his own words put it at the beginning of the test-footage clip, “ANY imaginative creature or thing can be built and animated convincingly.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/_SHO0apmY0s?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>“I actually built a Martian based on H.G. Wells description,” Harryhausen says in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SHO0apmY0s" rel="nofollow">the interview clip above</a>. “He described the creature that came from the space ship a sort of an octopus-like type of creature.” Harryhausen’s also presented his vision with included <a href="https://twitter.com/41Strange/status/1166573946143236096">sketches</a> of the tripod invaders laying waste to America both urban and rural. “I took it all around Hollywood,” he says, but alas, it never quite convinced those who kept the gates of the Industry in the 1940s.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068433 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="736" height="617" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3.jpg 736w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3-240x201.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3-360x302.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3-300x251.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068433" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3.jpg" alt width="736" height="617" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3.jpg 736w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3-240x201.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3-360x302.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28204236/Harryhousen3-300x251.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px"></noscript></p> <p>“We couldn’t raise money. People weren’t that interested in science fiction at that time.” Times have changed; the public has long since developed an unquenchable appetite for stories of human beings and advanced, hostile space invaders locked in mortal combat. But now such a spectacle would almost certainly be realized with the intensive use of computer-generated imagery, a technology impressive in its own way, but one that may never equal the personality, physicality, and sheer creepiness of the creatures that Ray Harryhausen brought painstakingly to life, one frame at a time, all by hand.</p> <p><a href="https://twitter.com/41Strange/status/1166573946143236096">via @41Strange</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/09/the-very-first-illustrations-of-h-g-wells-the-war-of-the-worlds-1897.html">The Very First Illustrations of H.G. Wells’ <em>The War of the Worlds</em> (1897)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/09/the-first-illustrations-of-h-g-wells-war-of-the-worlds.html">Horrifying 1906 Illustrations of H.G. Wells’ <em>War of the Worlds</em>: Discover the Art of Henrique Alvim Corrêa</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/05/edward-gorey-illustrates-h-g-wells-the-war-of-the-worlds-in-his-inimitable-gothic-style-1960.html">Edward Gorey Illustrates H.G. Wells’ <em>The War of the Worlds</em> in His Inimitable Gothic Style (1960)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/03/hear-the-prog-rock-adaptation-of-h-g-wells-war-of-the-worlds.html">Hear the Prog-Rock Adaptation of H.G. Wells’ <em>War of the Worlds</em>: The 1978 Rock Opera That Sold 15 Million Copies Worldwide</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/10/war-of-the-worlds-broadcast-turns-75.html">Hear Orson Welles’ Iconic <em>War of the Worlds</em> Broadcast (1938)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/the_mascot_1934_by_wladyslaw_starewicz"><em>The Mascot</em>, a Pioneering Stop Animation Film by Wladyslaw Starewicz</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin Marshall</a> writes and broadcasts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles <em>and the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema">The City in Cinema</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Faceboo</a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">k</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/ray-harryhausens-creepy-war-of-the-worlds-sketches-and-stop-motion-test-footage.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/ray-harryhausens-creepy-war-of-the-worlds-sketches-and-stop-motion-test-footage.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/ray-harryhausens-creepy-war-of-the-worlds-sketches-and-stop-motion-test-footage.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068446" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-glorious-poster-art-of-the-soviet-space-program-in-its-golden-age-1958-1963.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Glorious Poster Art of the Soviet Space Program in Its Golden Age (1958–1963)"> The Glorious Poster Art of the Soviet Space Program in Its Golden Age (1958–1963) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/design-2" rel="category tag">Design</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/science" rel="category tag">Science</a> </em> | August 29th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068446" class="post-1068446 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-design-2 category-history category-science"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068447 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="333" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small-240x145.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small-360x218.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small-300x182.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068447" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small.jpg" alt width="550" height="333" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small-240x145.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small-360x218.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230610/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-14-small-300x182.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p>How do you sell a government program that spends tens of millions of dollars on research and development for space travel? While the average taxpayer may love the idea of braving new frontiers, far fewer are apt to vote for funding scientific research, the space program’s ostensible reason for being.</p> <p>During the Cold War, however, when the biggest breakthroughs in space flight occurred, selling the program didn’t involve sophisticated methods, only the broadest themes of heroism, patriotism, futurism, and, in more or less subtle ways, militarism. The appeal to science always went hand-in-hand with an appeal to the sublimely austere beauty of the heavens (which we’d hate to lose to the other guys.)</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068448 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="825" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11-300x450.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068448" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11.jpg" alt width="550" height="825" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230703/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-11-300x450.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p>All of these were strategies NASA utilized, and then some. In addition to planting a U.S. flag on the moon, they delivered the first <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/12/earthrise-turns-50.html">color image of Earth from space</a>. On the ground, they<a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/08/nasa-enlists-over-350-artists-to-document-space-exploration-from-1962-to-the-present.html"> enlisted artists</a> like Andy Warhol, Norman Rockwell, and Laurie Anderson and actors like <em>Star Trek</em>’s <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/05/star-treks-nichelle-nichols-creates-a-short-film-for-nasa-to-recruit-new-astronauts-1977.html">Nichelle Nichols</a> to sell the program.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Recently, NASA has seemed to be in a reflective mood, from its <a href="https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/how-nasa-restored-mission-control-50th-anniversary-moon-landing">antiquarian preparations</a> for the 50th anniversary of the moon landing to its <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/02/14-free-posters-from-nasa-that-depict-the-future-of-space-travel.html">ad campaign of retro posters</a> that resemble not only vintage sci-fi book jackets and movie ads, but also the futuristic social realism of their former Soviet rivals.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068449 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="1138" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-116x240.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-174x360.jpg 174w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-495x1024.jpg 495w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-300x621.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068449" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13.jpg" alt width="550" height="1138" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-116x240.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-174x360.jpg 174w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-495x1024.jpg 495w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230756/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-13-300x621.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p>There’s almost something of an admission in NASA’s retro posters: we may have won the “space race,” but it wasn’t winner take all. There were some things the Soviets just did better—and when it came to making space travel look like the most monumentally heroic and exciting thing ever, they excelled, as you can see in this early collection of Soviet space posters from 1958–1963.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068450 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="1094" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-121x240.jpg 121w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-181x360.jpg 181w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-515x1024.jpg 515w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-300x597.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068450" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small.jpg" alt width="550" height="1094" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-121x240.jpg 121w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-181x360.jpg 181w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-515x1024.jpg 515w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230822/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-33-small-300x597.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p>There’s something for, well, not everyone, but for men, women, young, old, young adults. Sci-fi geeks and model builders, people celebrating the new year, children celebrating the new year, a gaggle of young students who somehow all look just like Mary Tyler Moore. The artists are not celebrities, they’re fellow workers who “foresaw a Utopia in space,” writes <a href="https://flashbak.com/61-sensational-soviet-space-posters-398905/">Flashbak</a>.</p> <blockquote><p><em>The Communists would bring peace and prosperity not only to the people of Earth but also to the technology-enabled, God-free Great Beyond. The artists created Soviet Space posters, vivid, energising and inspiring visions of the rosy-fingered dawn of tomorrow. They’re terrific.</em></p></blockquote> <p>They’re maybe even more terrific when we consider that ordinary citizens didn’t have much say, at all, in the funding and direction of the U.S.S.R.’s space program. (Whether American citizens did is another question.) It was important that Soviets know, however, that “We will open the distant worlds!” as one poster reads, and, as the sixties teenage cigarette ad on a train above proclaims, “In the 20th century, the rockets race to the stars, the trains are going to the lands of achievements!”</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068451 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="1020" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small-129x240.jpg 129w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small-194x360.jpg 194w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small-300x556.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068451" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small.jpg" alt width="550" height="1020" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small-129x240.jpg 129w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small-194x360.jpg 194w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230852/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-21-small-300x556.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p>The number of posters here is but a smattering of those posted on All about Russia (<a href="https://russiatrek.org/blog/art/propaganda-posters-of-soviet-space-program-1958-1963/">here</a> and <a href="https://russiatrek.org/blog/art/propaganda-posters-of-soviet-space-program-part-2/">here</a>) and <a href="https://flashbak.com/61-sensational-soviet-space-posters-398905/">Flashbak</a>. Each poster has its own enchanting quality: emulating the propaganda of the 1930s; turning industrial laborers into anonymous towering heroes; and reaching some very heavy metal heights of bombast, as in the ad above, which declares, “Glory to the conquerors of the universe!”</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068452 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="842" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1-157x240.jpg 157w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1-235x360.jpg 235w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1-300x459.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068452" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1.jpg" alt width="550" height="842" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1-157x240.jpg 157w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1-235x360.jpg 235w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28230939/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-12-1-300x459.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p>One poster superimposes the beaming faces of four cosmonauts, lined up like Kraftwerk, over a scene of four rockets leaving the earth. “Gagarin, Titov, Nikolaev, Popoviich—the mighty knights of our days.” (I’m not sure how that pun works in Russian.) The Soviets could also proclaim “Glory to the first woman cosmonaut!,” <a href="https://www.space.com/21571-valentina-tereshkova.html">Valentina Tereshkova</a>, who became the first woman to fly in space in 1963.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068453 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="768" height="499" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499-360x234.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499-300x195.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068453" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499.jpg" alt width="768" height="499" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499-360x234.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231212/Sovietspaceposters-56-768x499-300x195.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"></noscript></p> <p>The Soviet space program deserves plenty of recognition for its many historic firsts, and also for the wildly enthusiastic optimism of its ad campaigns. They sold grand ideas about the exploration and, yes, conquest of space (and “the universe”) with the same verve and populist appeal as U.S. companies sold cars, cigarettes, and washing machines. Glory to the unsung Mad Men of the Soviet space poster!</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068454 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="786" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3-168x240.jpg 168w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3-252x360.jpg 252w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3-300x429.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068454" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3.jpg" alt width="550" height="786" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3-168x240.jpg 168w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3-252x360.jpg 252w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231240/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-3-300x429.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068455 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="819" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2-161x240.jpg 161w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2-242x360.jpg 242w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2-300x447.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068455" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2.jpg" alt width="550" height="819" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2-161x240.jpg 161w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2-242x360.jpg 242w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231303/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-2-300x447.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068456 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="836" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10-158x240.jpg 158w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10-237x360.jpg 237w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10-300x456.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068456" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10.jpg" alt width="550" height="836" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10-158x240.jpg 158w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10-237x360.jpg 237w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231318/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-10-300x456.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068457 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="550" height="351" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small-360x230.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small-300x191.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1068457" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small.jpg" alt width="550" height="351" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small.jpg 550w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small-360x230.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2019/08/28231725/soviet-space-program-propaganda-poster-27-small-300x191.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"></noscript></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/04/soviet-artists-envision-a-communist-utopia-in-outer-space.html">Soviet Artists Envision a Communist Utopia in Outer Space</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/08/nasa-enlists-over-350-artists-to-document-space-exploration-from-1962-to-the-present.html">NASA Enlists Andy Warhol, Annie Leibovitz, Norman Rockwell & 350 Other Artists to Visually Document America’s Space Program</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/02/14-free-posters-from-nasa-that-depict-the-future-of-space-travel.html">Download 14 Free Posters from NASA That Depict the Future of Space Travel in a Captivatingly Retro Style</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/08/interplanetary-revolution.html">Watch Interplanetary Revolution (1924): The Most Bizarre Soviet Animated Propaganda Film You’ll Ever See</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><i>Josh Jones</i></a><i> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></i></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-glorious-poster-art-of-the-soviet-space-program-in-its-golden-age-1958-1963.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-glorious-poster-art-of-the-soviet-space-program-in-its-golden-age-1958-1963.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/the-glorious-poster-art-of-the-soviet-space-program-in-its-golden-age-1958-1963.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068441" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/a-digital-animation-compares-the-size-of-trees-from-the-3-inch-bonsai-to-the-300-foot-sequoia.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to A Digital Animation Compares the Size of Trees: From the 3‑Inch Bonsai, to the 300-Foot Sequoia"> A Digital Animation Compares the Size of Trees: From the 3‑Inch Bonsai, to the 300-Foot Sequoia </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/nature" rel="category tag">Nature</a> </em> | August 29th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068441" class="post-1068441 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-nature"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/l3qpcbMV_fM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>It took about 110 days to put together. A digital animation comparing the size of trees, from a miniature 3‑inch bonsai, to a sequoia soaring more than 300 feet high. Some trees are smaller than blades of grass. Others bigger than the Statue of Liberty. A lot fall somewhere between.</p> <p><em>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/newsletter-signup">please find it here</a>. It’s a great way to see our new posts, all bundled in one email, each day.</em></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, and Venmo (@openculture). Thanks!</span></i><i></i></p> <p><a href="https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2019/08/tree-scale-animation/?utm_source=feedly&utm_medium=webfeeds">via Colossal</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to The Secret Language of Trees: A Charming Animated Lesson Explains How Trees Share Information with Each Other" href="http://www.openculture.com/2019/07/the-secret-language-of-trees.html" rel="bookmark">The Secret Language of Trees: A Charming Animated Lesson Explains How Trees Share Information with Each Other</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/10/the-social-lives-of-trees.html">The Social Lives of Trees: Science Reveals How Trees Mysteriously Talk to Each Other, Work Together & Form Nurturing Families</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/02/this-392-year-old-bonsai-tree-survived-the-hiroshima-atomic-blast-still-flourishes-today.html">This 392-Year-Old Bonsai Tree Survived the Hiroshima Atomic Blast & Still Flourishes Today: The Power of Resilience</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/05/3000-year-old-olive-tree-on-the-island-of-crete-still-produces-olives-today.html">3,000-Year-Old Olive Tree on the Island of Crete Still Produces Olives Today</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/a-digital-animation-compares-the-size-of-trees-from-the-3-inch-bonsai-to-the-300-foot-sequoia.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/a-digital-animation-compares-the-size-of-trees-from-the-3-inch-bonsai-to-the-300-foot-sequoia.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/a-digital-animation-compares-the-size-of-trees-from-the-3-inch-bonsai-to-the-300-foot-sequoia.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1068404" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/david-byrne-launches-reasons-to-be-cheerful-an-online-magazine.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to David Byrne Launches <i>Reasons to Be Cheerful</i>, an Online Magazine Featuring Articles by Byrne, Brian Eno & More"> David Byrne Launches <i>Reasons to Be Cheerful</i>, an Online Magazine Featuring Articles by Byrne, Brian Eno & More </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/current_affairs" rel="category tag">Current Affairs</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/magazines" rel="category tag">Magazines</a> </em> | August 28th, 2019 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1068404" class="post-1068404 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-current_affairs category-magazines"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <iframe loading="lazy" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/355120903" width="640" height="385" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Happiness, we know, is hard to come by, even in the best times. And if we agree on nothing else, we might agree that these are not the best of times. An air of gloomy dread and outraged alarm prevails for good reason. There have been many other times in history to justifiably feel this way. In 1944, German Jewish philosopher <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/adorno/">Theodor Adorno</a>—exiled for ten years from his home and sojourning through a U.S. he found increasingly fascist in character—resigned himself to quiet despair.</p> <p>“There is no way out of entanglement,” he wrote in his trenchant, gloomy collection of aphorisms, <a href="https://amzn.to/2Nw8Fe2"><em>Minima Moralia</em></a>. “The only responsible course is to… conduct oneself privately as modestly, unobtrusively and unpretentiously as is required, no longer by good upbringing, but by the shame of still having air to breathe, in hell.”</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Adorno’s absurdist melancholia came from many places: his assessment of capitalism’s inescapability, his survivor’s guilt, his generally morose temperament…. He rarely confessed to having happy thoughts even when things were going well. Another thinker of the period, philosopher of the absurd and a writer for the French Resistance during World War II, had a very different take on the question of happiness in dark times.</p> <p>Albert Camus reminded us that all times are dark times for someone. <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/03/albert-camus-explains-why-happiness-is-like-committing-a-crime.html">Speaking after the war in 1959</a>, he castigated the idea that we should be shamed into misery. “Today happiness is like a crime,” Camus sneered, “never admit it. Don’t say ‘I’m happy’ otherwise you will hear condemnation all around.” One pertinent question both of these very different perspectives address is whether happiness is morally responsible.</p> <p>Former Talking Heads frontman, record label maven, and frequent cultural critic David Byrne has answered the question in the affirmative with his project, <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world"><em>Reasons to Be Cheerful</em></a>, first an online compendium of news stories, now <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/">a curated online magazine</a> designed to be a “tonic for tumultuous times.” <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world"><em>Reasons to Be Cheerful </em></a>starts with the premise that we are subjected daily to “amplified negativity” that wildly skews our view of events around the world.</p> <p>It’s an old complaint; we’ve all heard, or voiced, a version of <em>why don’t they ever show any good news? </em>Byrne put his creative energy and resources behind the criticism to do something about it, “collecting good news,” he says, “not schmaltzy, feel-good news, but stuff that reminded me, ‘Hey, there’s positive stuff going on! People are solving problems and it’s making a difference!’”</p> <p>In their blurb for the introductory video at the top, the <em><a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world">Reasons to Be Cheerful</a> </em>team describe the site as “an online editorial project” that is “part magazine, part therapy session, part blueprint for a better world.” The site’s “stories of hope” don’t shy away from sentiment, but they are “rooted in evidence” and purport to show “smart, proven, replicable solutions to the world’s most pressing problems.”</p> <p>A sampling of articles currently on the <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world">site</a> gives us a story about how lawyers might “<a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/can-lawyers-save-the-planet/">end up saving the world</a>” by taking on polluters the way they took on the tobacco industry; a piece about how cheap solar in China has “<a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/how-china-sold-us-a-solar-powered-world/">fueled the world’s green-energy revolution</a>”; and essays about <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/an-elite-education/">education in prison</a> and the <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/this-lake-is-for-everyone/">creation of a public waterfront</a> from donated private property on Lake Erie. This being a David Byrne project, there is also, of course, a story about “<a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/bicycle-architecture/">the way to a two-wheeled utopia</a>.” The current edition features <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/can-lawyers-save-the-planet/">several</a> <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/doing-good-is-good-business/">articles</a> by <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/kochi/" rel="nofollow">Byrne himself</a>, and <a href="https://reasonstobecheerful.world/divest-update/">another by Brian Eno</a>.</p> <p>Byrne and the editors and writing staff make no explicitly political statements, but they clearly value things like quality public education, clean air and water, a sustainable climate, and the creation of more public space—all areas that are now vastly under threat. Whether or not you find your own reasons to be cheerful in this commitment to positive journalism may depend on who and where you are, and whether you tend to see the world more like Adorno or Camus.</p> <p><a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/david-byrne-online-magazine-reasons-to-be-cheerful-876091/">via Rolling Stone</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/01/david-byrne-launches-the-reasons-to-be-cheerful-web-site.html">David Byrne Launches the “Reasons to Be Cheerful” Web Site: A Compendium of News Meant to Remind Us That the World Isn’t Actually Falling Apart</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2018/12/david-byrne-curates-a-playlist-of-great-protest-songs-written-over-the-past-60-years.html">David Byrne Curates a Playlist of Great Protest Songs Written Over the Past 60 Years: Stream Them Online</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2017/03/albert-camus-explains-why-happiness-is-like-committing-a-crime.html">Albert Camus Explains Why Happiness Is Like Committing a Crime—”You Should Never Admit to it” (1959)</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><i>Josh Jones</i></a><i> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></i></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/david-byrne-launches-reasons-to-be-cheerful-an-online-magazine.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/david-byrne-launches-reasons-to-be-cheerful-an-online-magazine.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/david-byrne-launches-reasons-to-be-cheerful-an-online-magazine.html#comments">5</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/08/page/2" >More in this category... »</a> </div>  <div class="middle_sidebar"> <ul id="middle_sidebarwidgeted"> <li id="execphp-431254483" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Essentials</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-certificate-programs">200 Online Certificate Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-degrees">100+ Online Degree & Mini-Degree Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">1,150 Free Movies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks">1,000 Free Audio Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/great-podcasts">150+ Best Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_ebooks">800 Free eBooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_textbooks">200 Free Textbooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freelanguagelessons">300 Free Language Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/business_free_courses">150 Free Business Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources">Free K-12 Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">Get Our Daily Email</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254506" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Support Us</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox noborder"> <br> We're hoping to rely on loyal readers, rather than erratic ads. 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Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources#YouTube">Quality YouTube Channels</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources#TeacherRef">Teacher Resources</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources#TestPrep">Test Prep</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources">All Free Kids Resources</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254492" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Free Art & Images</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/05/1-8-million-free-works-of-art-from-world-class-museums-a-meta-list.html">All Art Images & Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/the-met-puts-400000-high-res-images-online.html">The Met</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/04/getty-museum-adds-another-77000-images-to-its-open-content-archive.html">The Getty</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/rijksmuseum-digitizes-makes-free-online-210000-works-of-art-masterpieces-included.html">The Rijksmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/06/smithsonian-digitizes-lets-you-download-40000-works-of-asian-and-american-art.html">Smithsonian</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/10/free-the-guggenheim-puts-online-1600-great-works-of-modern-art-from-575-artists.html">The Guggenheim</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/12/the-tate-digitizes-70000-works-of-art.html">The Tate</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/04/download-35000-works-of-art-from-the-national-gallery.html">The National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/whitney-museum-puts-online-21000-works-of-american-art.html">The Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/la_county_museum_makes_20000_artistic_images_available_for_free.html">LA County Museum</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/12/45000-works-of-art-from-stanford-universitys-cantor-arts-center-now-freely-viewable-online.html">Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/09/the-british-library-puts-over-1000000-images-in-the-public-domain-a-deeper-dive-into-the-collection.html">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/google-puts-over-57000-works-of-art-on-the-web.html">Google Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/02/14000-free-images-from-the-french-revolution-now-available-online.html">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/getty-images-makes-35-million-photos-free-to-use-online.html">Getty Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/01/free_the_guggenheim_puts_65_modern_art_books_online.html">Guggenheim Art Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/download-422-free-art-books-from-the-metropolitan-museum-of-art.html">Met Art Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/01/download-over-250-free-art-books-from-the-getty-museum.html">Getty Art Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/new-york-public-library-puts-20000-hi-res-maps-online.html">New York Public Library Maps</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/download-30000-free-images-from-the-museum-of-new-zealand.html">Museum of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/google-puts-online-10000-works-of-street-art-from-across-the-globe.html">Street Art</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/100-great-works-of-art-with-videos-created-by-khan-academy.html">Smarthistory</a></li> <li><a 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Eliot Reads Waste Land</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/hear_sylvia_plath_read_fifteen_poems_from_her_final_collection_ariel_in_1962_recording.html">Sylvia Plath - Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/06/on_bloomsday_hear_james_joyce_read_from_his_epic_iulyssesi_1924.html">Joyce Reads Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/02/james_joyce_reads_anna_livia_plurabelle_from_ifinnegans_wakei.html">Joyce - Finnegans Wake</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/01/watch_patti_smith_read_from_virginia_woolf_and_hear_the_only_surviving_recording_of_woolfs_voice.html">Patti Smith Reads Virginia Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/listen_as_albert_einstein_reads_the_common_language_of_science_1941.html">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/charles-bukowski-poem-read-by-bukowski-tom-waits-and-bono.html">Charles Bukowski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/bill-murray-reads-poetry-by-billy-collins-cole-porter-and-sarah-manguso.html">Bill Murray</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/ernest_hemingway_reads_in_harrys_bar_in_venice.html">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/f_scott_fitzgerald_reads_from_shakespeares_iothelloi_and_john_masefields_on_growing_old_c1940.html">Fitzgerald Reads Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/william_faulkner_reads_from_as_i_lay_dying.html">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/05/rare_1959_audio_flannery_oconnor_reads_a_good_man_is_hard_to_find.html">Flannery O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/j-r-r-tolkien-reads-from-the-two-towers-the-second-book-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-trilogy.html">Tolkien - The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/allen_ginsberg_reads_his_beat_classic_poem_howl.html">Allen Ginsberg - Howl</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/rare_1930s_audio_wb_yeats_reads_four_of_his_poems.html">W.B Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/10/ezra_pounds_fiery_1939_reading_of_his_early_poem_isestina_altafortei.html">Ezra Pound</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/08/dylan_thomas_recites_do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night_and_other_poems.html">Dylan Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/anne_sexton_confessional_poet_reads_wanting_to_die_in_ominous_1966_video.html">Anne Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/john-cheever-reads-the-swimmer.html">John Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/hear-david-foster-wallace-read-his-own-essays-and-short-fiction.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254484" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Book Lists By</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2011/12/neil_degrasse_tyson_8_books_every_intelligent_person_should_read.html">Neil deGrasse Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/ernest_hemingways_reading_list_for_a_young_writer_1934.html">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/f-scott-fitzgerald-creates-a-list-of-22-essential-books-1936.html">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/patti-smiths-list-of-favorite-books.html">Patti Smith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/brian-eno-book-lists.html">Brian Eno</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/henry-miller-makes-a-list-of-the-100-books-that-influenced-me-most.html">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/christopher_hitchens_creates_a_reading_list_for_eight-year-old_girl.html">Christopher Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/11/joseph-brodskys-reading-list-for-having-an-intelligent-conversation.html">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">W.H. Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/07/carl_sagans_undergrad_reading_list_from_plato_and_shakespeare_to_huxley_and_gide.html">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/10/david-bowies-list-of-top-100-books.html">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/the-books-samuel-beckett-really-liked.html">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/art-garfunkel-lists-1195-books.html">Art Garfunkel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/the-430-books-in-marilyn-monroes-library.html">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/jorge-luis-borges-personal-library.html">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/74-books-curated-by-female-creatives.html">Picks by Female Creatives</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li id="execphp-431254513" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254490" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Syllabi</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">WH Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/david_foster_wallaces_1994_syllabus.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/zadie-smith-and-gary-shteyngarts-syllabi-from-columbia-university.html">Zadie Smith & Gary Shteyngart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/spike-lee-shares-his-nyu-teaching-list-of-87-essential-films-every-aspiring-director-should-see.html">Spike Lee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/11/lynda-barrys-wonderfully-illustrated-syllabus-homework-assignments-from-her-uw-madison-class-the-unthinkable-mind.html">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/junot-diazs-syllabi-for-his-mit-writing-classes.html">Junot Diaz</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254491" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Favorite Movies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/stanley-kubricks-list-of-top-ten-films.html">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/akira-kurosawas-list-of-his-100-favorite-movies.html">Kurosawa's 100</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/quentin-tarantino-lists-the-12-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Tarantino</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/martin-scorsese-reveals-his-10-favorite-movies.html">Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/08/andrei-tarkovsky-creates-a-list-of-his-10-favorite-films-1972.html">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/09/david-lynch-on-his-favorite-directors-including-fellini-wilder-tati-and-hitchcock.html">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/werner-herzog-picks-his-5-favorite-films.html">Werner Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/woody-allen-lists-the-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/wes-andersons-favorite-films.html">Wes Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/05/the-10-favorite-films-of-avant-garde-surrealist-filmmaker-luis-bunuel-including-his-own-collaboration-with-salvador-dali.html">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/07/roger-eberts-final-list-of-his-top-10-favorite-films-2012.html">Roger Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/susan-sontags-50-favorite-films.html">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/scorseses-list-of-39-essential-foreign-films.html">Scorsese Foreign Films</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/44-essential-movies-for-the-student-of-philosophy.html">Philosophy Films</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/01'>January 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2024/12'>December 2024</a></li> <li><a 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